WO2015025133A1 - Régulateur de tension - Google Patents

Régulateur de tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015025133A1
WO2015025133A1 PCT/GB2014/052494 GB2014052494W WO2015025133A1 WO 2015025133 A1 WO2015025133 A1 WO 2015025133A1 GB 2014052494 W GB2014052494 W GB 2014052494W WO 2015025133 A1 WO2015025133 A1 WO 2015025133A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
pulse width
output
altering
width modulation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2014/052494
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Duncan George Fraser TYTLER
Original Assignee
Utilitywise Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Utilitywise Plc filed Critical Utilitywise Plc
Publication of WO2015025133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015025133A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/24—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices
    • G05F1/26—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • G05F1/30—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0093—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration wherein the output is created by adding a regulated voltage to or subtracting it from an unregulated input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high voltage regulation equipment and apparatus and in particular to apparatus for controlling such equipment.
  • the invention has particular, but not exclusive application in the field of consumer or commercial high power delivery and optimisation with respect to real-time energy demands supplied by multi-phase high power mains supply.
  • the regulation in voltage of a supplied mains voltage is known generally to provide certain benefits, such as a reduction in energy consumed by a load powered by such a regulated supply.
  • the reduction in energy consumed may also provide a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, and have other advantages such as reducing the ultimate bill or cost of the energy utilised by the user, and perhaps improving the longevity of appliances attached to such regulated power supplies.
  • Apparatus for regulating or optimising such voltage supplies is disclosed in WO 2012/104651, which regulates voltage via energy measurement means which enables measurement of energy consumption differences across a site in both the unregulated and regulated voltage to enable users to know whether the voltage regulation device is leading to any energy saving.
  • a provided apparatus for regulating voltage comprising a voltage input, voltage regulating means arranged to receive the AC input voltage and output a regulated output voltage under control of a control means connected to the voltage regulating means, wherein the apparatus is provided with pulse width modulation means and temperature sensing means in communication with the control means and the voltage regulation means, and wherein the control means is adapted to control the regulated output voltage by altering the pulse width modulation in dependence on the sensed temperature.
  • the use of pulse width modulation in dependence on the sensed temperature enables monitoring and control of the delivered output voltage to optimise power usage.
  • the communication is a feedback loop which advantageously provides real-time monitoring and control.
  • the ratio of the output voltage to the AC input voltage is proportional to the mark to space ratio of the pulse width modulation.
  • the altering of the pulse width modulation via the feedback loop comprises altering the mark space ratio of the modulation as the sensed temperature increases.
  • the apparatus is provided with at least one output transforming means, for example as three coils, and the temperature sensing means is adapted to sense the temperature of the transforming output means to output the regulated output voltage.
  • control means further comprises switching means in the form of, for example, high voltage Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors to switch the pulse width modulated signal to the transforming output means.
  • the switching means may be mounted on a heatsink, and the heatsink temperature may also be monitored by the temperature sensing means.
  • control means and pulse width modulation means are adapted to provide control between a first level and a further level in dependence on the sensed temperature reaching or exceeding a predetermined threshold.
  • the AC input voltage is provided by three phase mains power supply lines.
  • a method of regulating voltage comprising receiving an AC input voltage, applying a pulse width modulated signal to the AC input voltage to provide an output voltage, and altering the output voltage by altering the applied pulse width modulation in dependence on at least one sensed temperature.
  • Figure 1 depicts a block diagram of apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 illustrates a feedback loop arrangement incorporating pulse width monitoring means according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 illustrate a pulse width modulated waveform according to the embodiment of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a diagram depicting the application of pulse width modulation to an AC input voltage and the accompanying output voltage
  • Figure 5 is an example of a smoothed and filtered, pulse width modulated output waveform
  • Figure 6 illustrates the application of pulse width modulation in dependence on sensed temperature according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a block circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment in the form of a block diagram of voltage regulation apparatus 100.
  • the figure shows an input mains supply voltage Vj n 110 (Inp).
  • the input supply 110 is a three phase alternating current supply, although in other embodiments the input supply may be single or dual phase as recognised by those skilled in the art.
  • the mains input 110 is fed to transformers 120 which reduce (“buck”) or increase (“boost”) the output voltage V ou t 130 (0).
  • transformers 120 which reduce (“buck") or increase (“boost") the output voltage V ou t 130 (0).
  • buck reduce
  • boost boost
  • a certain percentage of voltage is added or subtracted. The maximum percentage variation depends, as those skilled in the art will recognise, on the primary to secondary winding ratio of the transformers 120.
  • additional current transformers (CT) 140 are arranged on the output to accurately monitor the current output.
  • the secondary winding of the transformers 120 are connected to a control board 150 in order to regulate and control the output 130.
  • the control board 150 may be mounted on a heatsink 155 as shown in the Figure.
  • the control board 150 comprises power electronics circuitry 160 (PE) which provides general signal switching control, analogue to digital conversion, smoothing, and local power supply for example for low voltage microprocessors and the like, as will be discussed further below.
  • PE power electronics circuitry 160
  • the control board 150 also has control means 170 in the form of a processor 170 (P) connected to switching means 180 and temperature sensing means 190 (T.Mon).
  • the temperature sensing means 190 may be a temperature sensing module 190 comprising thermocouples (for example standard "K-type") and associated integrated circuits and circuitry. These are arranged to measure the temperature of each transformer 120 as a function of load and time (T C (L1, t), T C (L2, t), T C (L3, t)) through bus 195 as shown in the figure.
  • the temperature of the control board itself Th(t) may also be monitored by temperature sensing means 190.
  • the switching means 180 comprise high voltage Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs).
  • IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
  • Suitable components 180 identified by the Applicant include STMicroelectronics STGW38IH130D - IGBT 1300V 63A 250W T0247.
  • STGW38IH130D IGBT 1300V 63A 250W T0247.
  • STGW38IH130D IGBT 1300V 63A 250W T0247.
  • T0247 is the packaging type.
  • other options may be utilised such as, by way of example, switching modules incorporating multiple IGBTs, such as that of the semiconductor manufacture Infineon with part number FF150R12KS4.
  • the processor 170 causes the switching means 180 to modulate the output of the transformers 120 via a pulse width modulation (PWM(MSP, t)) scheme having variable Mark (M) to Space (S) ratios, which ratio may be dependent on the measured temperatures 190.
  • PWM(MSP, t) pulse width modulation
  • M Mark
  • S Space
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in more detail a feedback loop arrangement of Figure 1 incorporating pulse width modulation means 200 connected to processor 170 and transformers 120.
  • the processor 170 ultimately controls the output voltage 130; 220 via transformers 120 and switching circuitry 180.
  • the temperatures measured and monitored by temperature sensing module 190 of the transformers 120 T(C) and optionally the heatsink 160 and or the control board 150 are input to the processor 170 via 210.
  • the processor in dependence on these monitored temperatures, controls pulse width modulation circuitry 200 to alter the output voltage 130.
  • the pulse width modulation means may be embodied as software or firmware running on the processor in connection with power and smoothing circuitry 160 to output the desired pulse width modulated waveform.
  • Figure 3 shows a sinusoidal alternating current input waveform 300 having a voltage amplitude 310 of V A .
  • the waveform 300 may be approximated by a digitised square wave having a certain mark (M) to space (S) ratio as shown in the figure. Altering the M:S ratio will alter the actual output voltage as more clearly illustrated in Figure 4. Also, the pulse width modulation is applied directly to a proportion of the incoming signal, and then added or subtracted from the output.
  • Figure 4 shows a mains input 400 having a voltage amplitude 410 of Vj n .
  • the input signal 400 is then pulse width modulated 420 by processor 170 and pulse width modulation means 200 to provide a modulated signal 430 with voltage amplitude VA depending on the mark (M) to space (S) ratio chosen.
  • VA Vj n , although this will not always be the case and is illustrated as such for simplicity and to aid understanding.
  • Figure 6 illustrates pictorially the operation of an apparatus embodiment such as that depicted in Figures 1 and 2.
  • Input stage 110 receives the mains input supply 600 with amplitude Vj n .
  • the load on the transformers 120 is monitored by Processor 170 connected to switching means 180 and temperature sensing means 190 (T.Mon).
  • This signal 600 is modulated by the pulse width modulation means 200 under control of the processor 170 to produce signal 610 with amplitude VA 620.
  • This signal 610 is then filtered and smoothed 630 by the power electronics circuitry 160 to produce an output signal 640 with amplitude V ou t.
  • the processor 170 monitors load and temperature information 650 from the transformers 120 on each live phase and optionally from the heatsink 160 on which the control board 150 is mounted. As shown at box 660, if the sensed temperature increases towards or exceeds a predetermined threshold T max then the mark to space ratio of the pulse width modulated signal is increased. This results in new output waveform 670 which after smoothing 680 produces new regulated and optimised output voltage signal 690.
  • the predefined temperature threshold T max may be set at the maximum operating temperature of the components utilised in, for example, the control or switching means.
  • IGBTs are often specified to operate up to 200°C, or more preferably up to about 170°C.
  • power consumption may advantageously be dynamically controlled within acceptable tolerance levels by using a pulse width modulation scheme with temperature monitoring.
  • the apparatus may be configured for different operating modes.
  • T c is the temperature of the transformer (s) 120 and Th is the temperature of the heatsink.
  • a "high" temperature mode may be employed by control 170;200 means.
  • the processor 170 and switching means 180 alter the pulse width modulation 200 until the measured temperatures 190 drop back to within the first and further levels of the predefined "normal" mode, i.e. the following parameters may be set:
  • the predefined temperature threshold Tmax may be set at the maximum operating temperature of the components utilised in, for example, the control or switching means.
  • IGBTs are often specified to operate up to 200C, or more preferably up to about 170C.
  • a hysteresis loop technique may be employed to prevent the processor control means 170 altering continuously the pulse width modulation 200 when the sensed temperatures are close to the predetermined mode threshold values, thus avoiding induced harmonics and unwanted oscillation (and associated power loss) due to sharply switching input power levels and demands.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a switching arrangement 700 for a multiphase input supply 720 (Lin).
  • the arrangement for a single phase input supply is shown, comprising four groups 180a;180b;180c;180d of two IGBTs each respectively, i.e. 8 IGBTs.
  • Such an arrangement would be replicated per phase of input. So, for a three phase input power supply, the arrangement in Figure 7 would be replicated another two times, therefore utilising 24 IGBTs in total.
  • the IGBTs may be provided individually as discretes, or provided in modules designed for connection in such high power delivery systems.
  • the neutral 710 (N) or floating earth power supply line is switched to transformer coils 120 via blocks 180c and 180d under control of the processor 170 (P) via control buses 730c and 730d respectively. These blocks effectively subtract or "buck" the output voltage 130, via pulse width modulation in dependence on sensed temperature as discussed previously.
  • the altering of the pulse width modulation in dependence on the sensed temperature is preferably provided synchronously across all phases by the control means 170.
  • the control means 170 includes an automated regulation of the mark to space ratio of a pulse width modulated output signal in dependence on at least one sensed temperature, thereby providing efficient, flexible and dynamic control dependent on the load and temperature therewith, whilst avoiding induced harmonics caused by sharply switching power levels.
  • the pulse width modulation may be altered to "hunt" for the most efficient mode of operation, i.e. minimising the product of the voltage and the current on the output.
  • real-time processing is required, as the loads drawing the power are non-linear and may have irregular patterns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil permettant de réguler des alimentations à haute puissance en tension, comprenant une entrée de tension, un moyen de régulation de tension conçu pour recevoir la tension d'entrée alternative et pour délivrer une tension de sortie régulée sous la commande d'un moyen de commande connecté au moyen de régulation de tension, l'appareil étant équipé d'un moyen de modulation de largeur d'impulsion et d'un moyen de détection de température se trouvant en communication avec le moyen de commande et le moyen de régulation de tension, et le moyen de commande étant adapté à commander la tension de sortie régulée en faisant varier la modulation de largeur d'impulsion en fonction de la température détectée.
PCT/GB2014/052494 2013-08-22 2014-08-14 Régulateur de tension WO2015025133A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1315015.6A GB2517475A (en) 2013-08-22 2013-08-22 Voltage regulator
GB1315015.6 2013-08-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015025133A1 true WO2015025133A1 (fr) 2015-02-26

Family

ID=49302051

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2014/052494 WO2015025133A1 (fr) 2013-08-22 2014-08-14 Régulateur de tension

Country Status (2)

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GB (1) GB2517475A (fr)
WO (1) WO2015025133A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015075010A3 (fr) * 2013-11-25 2015-07-23 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Alimentation à découpage et procédé de réglage d'une tension de sortie d'une alimentation à découpage
US11735923B2 (en) 2020-07-28 2023-08-22 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Voltage regulation device that includes a converter for harmonic current compensation and reactive power management
US11747841B2 (en) 2018-08-20 2023-09-05 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Current control apparatus

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6747884B2 (en) * 2001-04-13 2004-06-08 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Power converter device
US20060083032A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Dell Products, L.P. Primary side voltage sense for AC/DC power supplies
WO2007017618A1 (fr) * 2005-08-10 2007-02-15 Energetix Voltage Control Limited Dispositif de regulation de tension
GB2464287A (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-14 Phillip Campbell Mains voltage regulator for an inductive appliance
WO2013051133A1 (fr) * 2011-10-06 2013-04-11 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de conversion de puissance

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8587272B2 (en) * 2011-05-25 2013-11-19 Linear Technology Corporation Balancing temperatures in a multi-phase DC/DC converter
US8878501B2 (en) * 2011-09-01 2014-11-04 Micrel, Inc. Multi-phase power block for a switching regulator for use with a single-phase PWM controller

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6747884B2 (en) * 2001-04-13 2004-06-08 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Power converter device
US20060083032A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Dell Products, L.P. Primary side voltage sense for AC/DC power supplies
WO2007017618A1 (fr) * 2005-08-10 2007-02-15 Energetix Voltage Control Limited Dispositif de regulation de tension
GB2464287A (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-14 Phillip Campbell Mains voltage regulator for an inductive appliance
WO2013051133A1 (fr) * 2011-10-06 2013-04-11 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de conversion de puissance

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015075010A3 (fr) * 2013-11-25 2015-07-23 Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG Alimentation à découpage et procédé de réglage d'une tension de sortie d'une alimentation à découpage
US11747841B2 (en) 2018-08-20 2023-09-05 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Current control apparatus
US11735923B2 (en) 2020-07-28 2023-08-22 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Voltage regulation device that includes a converter for harmonic current compensation and reactive power management

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2517475A (en) 2015-02-25
GB201315015D0 (en) 2013-10-02

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