WO2015022872A1 - Procédé pour déterminer automatiquement l'authenticité d'un article individuel en utilisant comme identifiant la forme de micro-contour d'une impression - Google Patents

Procédé pour déterminer automatiquement l'authenticité d'un article individuel en utilisant comme identifiant la forme de micro-contour d'une impression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015022872A1
WO2015022872A1 PCT/JP2014/070503 JP2014070503W WO2015022872A1 WO 2015022872 A1 WO2015022872 A1 WO 2015022872A1 JP 2014070503 W JP2014070503 W JP 2014070503W WO 2015022872 A1 WO2015022872 A1 WO 2015022872A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
identification mark
image
color
value
identifier
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PCT/JP2014/070503
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
平山貞宏
三輪忠仁
尾形廣秋
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株式会社偽物識別技術研究所
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Publication of WO2015022872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015022872A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/305—Associated digital information
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/2033—Matching unique patterns, i.e. patterns that are unique to each individual paper

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic authenticity determination method or automatic recognition method for individual articles that can be easily executed by an ordinary imaging device by an ordinary person using a micro-contour shape of a print that cannot be copied because a person cannot control the shape as an identifier. .
  • a micro-identification mark is printed on an article or its certificate, and a micro-contour shape of printing that cannot be copied because a person cannot control the shape is used as an identifier.
  • the identifier and the article identification code (manufacturing number) , Serial number, etc.) and storing them in a storage device, when the goods are shipped together with the identification mark, and then it is desired to determine the authenticity of the shipped goods, the article identification code and the identification mark Is read by a general daily imaging device (such as a camera-equipped mobile phone) and transmitted to the authenticity judging person via the Internet, and the authenticity judging person compares the received article identification code and the identification mark with those stored.
  • An authenticity determination system configured to determine the authenticity of an article according to the degree of coincidence and return the result is disclosed or patent-patented.
  • the work of imaging the identification mark and storing the microscopic contour shape in the database as a master image is performed by a specialist, so the imaging equipment and imaging environment (quality of irradiation light, irradiation angle, position in the image of the identification mark, size) , Resolution) or imaging technology (good or bad focus) (hereinafter, the shooting environment and shooting technology are collectively referred to as shooting conditions) can be made stable with high quality, but the general public is popular.
  • the imaging device for example, a camera-equipped mobile phone
  • the quality of the imaging device is low, the quality of the captured image varies depending on the device, the imaging environment varies, and the imaging technology is also general. Inferior.
  • images are captured by optical and electronic enlargement, so the image on the display screen is constantly vibrated greatly due to camera shake, and it is difficult for ordinary people to focus accurately. It is.
  • the image quality of the identification mark imaged by a general person and transmitted to the authenticity judgment person is low, the imaging light quality, the irradiation angle, the brightness, the image position and the size are various, and the focus is often not clear. That is, the image quality is low because the quality of the imaging conditions is low and not stable. These must be automatically checked against the stored master image to determine whether or not they match. That is not technically easy. The characteristics of the captured image will be described below.
  • FIG. As an example of a micro printed matter, there are three printed matter by an ink jet printer having a length of about 1 mm.
  • the printed microscopic contour shape which is the identifier of the present application, can be visually observed that even if the printed material has exactly the same shape, the printed material has different individual characteristics as long as the printed material is different.
  • These microscopic contours have randomness that cannot be controlled by humans. If the printing of the identification mark is viewed microscopically, random irregularities, enclaves (small islands), blurring, etc. are unavoidable at the boundary of the ink region. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the brightness intensity changes continuously in each boundary region.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show images obtained by picking up the upper part of the printed matter (vertical and horizontal length of about 1 mm) in FIG. 8 with various camera-equipped mobile phones. Even if the same individual printed matter is imaged, the contour shape differs little by little depending on the model of the camera-equipped mobile phone, and there are various image quality, both good and bad. Further, the brightness, color, shading, size, position, and imaging angle of the identification mark on the screen are not exactly the same.
  • the contour area is gradation. Changes due to the binarization threshold of the contour shape. Further, when the identification mark is viewed microscopically in the boundary region, the color (for example, luminance) is gradation, so that the specific boundary position cannot be determined and the contour shape cannot be determined. In other words, in the microscopic contour region of the image obtained by capturing the printed identification mark, the color (for example, luminance) continuously and gently changes for each light receiving cell. Therefore, the shape of the contour varies greatly depending on which color value (for example, luminance value) is used as the threshold value to define the contour. Accordingly, the microscopic contour shape cannot be uniquely determined. A part of the identification mark of FIG. 4 is enlarged and shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows a histogram of the brightness of the image and the number of light receiving cells in FIG. 6, and changes in the threshold value of luminance and changes in contour shape when binarized.
  • the left contour diagram is, for example, a luminance value 110 as a threshold
  • the right contour diagram is a contour when, for example, 155 is taken. It shows that the contour shape changes significantly if the threshold value changes.
  • a step of printing the identification mark in a color that is clearly different from the background color Please refer to FIG. 12 (printing of an identification mark on an article certificate).
  • a fine mark having an arbitrary shape is printed on the target article or its certificate in a color that is clearly different from the background color, and this is used as an identification mark. If the color of the mark is not clearly different from the background color, the color change in the microscopic outline of the identification mark of the printed matter is too gradual. Therefore, as described in paragraph 0005 above, the imaging conditions (imaging environment and imaging technology) ) And, as described in paragraph 0009 above, the microscopic contour shape as an identifier changes greatly depending on how to set the threshold for binarization of the image, and automatic determination with high accuracy cannot be performed.
  • the identification mark is not clearly different from the background color on the microscopic image obtained by capturing it as described above with reference to FIG. Accordingly, it is necessary to quantitatively define what is “the color of the identification mark is clearly different from the background color”, which is the core of the present application, rather than sensory.
  • the definition is defined by the image of the identification mark taken as follows. Note that the background color may be printed in a dark color and the identification mark may be a color having a large color difference from that in the printing. As an example, the identification mark may be a blank area of ink having an arbitrary shape in a dark color.
  • FIG. 11 shows the original image of the upper half part of FIG. 4 (horizontal No. 1 printing, length of about 1 mm), a histogram of its luminance value and the number of pixels, and a binarized contour diagram with a specific threshold value. Yes. If the luminance value expressed in RGB format is used for the color information of the image, the value can be expressed with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 255.
  • the degree of clearness from the background color is greater as the difference in luminance values corresponding to the peaks of the two peaks is larger and the width of the bottom of the pan is longer and lower. Therefore, the degree of definition can be quantitatively defined by the distance between the two peaks and the width of the bottom.
  • the difference between the brightness values corresponding to the peaks of two peaks is 60 or more, and the bottom of the pan
  • the difference between the luminance values at the two ends should be 30 or more.
  • the height of the pan bottom is limited to be low.
  • the identification mark is printed in such a color.
  • the color information used for the histogram reference is not limited to the RGB luminance value. Color attributes such as saturation and lightness may be used as color information.
  • a histogram similar to the histogram of the luminance value and the number of pixels described above is obtained, and in the histogram, the length and height of the width of the bottom and the width of the bottom are defined, and the “clearness with respect to the background color” is defined. “Different colors” may be defined. The specified values to be set depend on the determination accuracy required for coincidence / mismatch.
  • a step of imaging the regular identification mark See FIG. 3 (capturing and storing an image of an identification mark on a certificate).
  • the identification mark printed in the step (1) is imaged by an imaging device capable of recognizing the features of the micro contour shape, and a primitive electronic image is acquired.
  • a step of inputting an individual article identification code See FIG. 3 (capturing and storing an image of an identification mark on a certificate).
  • the individual article identification code (article serial number, manufacturing number, etc.) of the target article is stored in the electronic storage device in association with the regular identification information stored in the electronic storage device in step (3).
  • Step of inputting the image of the identification mark to be verified and the individual article identification code to be verified See Fig. 1 (Conceptual diagram of automatic authentication system).
  • An ordinary person who wants to determine the authenticity of an article takes an image with a terminal device with camera capable of recognizing the feature of the microscopic contour shape of the identification mark to be verified, or acquires a reading original electronic image with an electronic reading device such as a scanner. Further, the individual article identification code to be verified corresponding to the identification mark to be verified is read or inputted by the terminal device.
  • FIG. 1 ceptual diagram of the automatic authentication system.
  • the general person side transmits the collated individual article identification code and the original electronic image of the collation identification mark input in step (5) to the authenticity determination person side.
  • the authenticity determination side receives the transmission information of step (6) above.
  • the general person side transmits only the verified individual article identification code input in step (5) to the authenticity determination person side, and the corresponding regular identification mark stored in the electronic storage device in step (3) corresponding thereto.
  • the computer automatically generates a binarized micro image from the original electronic image of the verification identification mark obtained in step (5) above.
  • both binarized micro images are automatically collated, and the coincidence / mismatch is automatically judged.
  • the automatic generation of the above-described collated binarized micro images and the automatic collation and automatic determination of coincidence / non-coincidence may be performed on the authenticity determination center side, or may be performed on the general person side with software obtained in advance. That is to say.
  • step (9) A step of notifying the result. See FIG. 1 (conceptual diagram of the automatic authentication system). The authenticity of the target article is determined based on the result of determination of coincidence / non-coincidence in step (8), and is returned or displayed.
  • Fig. 15 Threshold values at both ends of the bottom of the histogram and binarized micro image
  • Fig. 16 Low, middle and high threshold values near the center of the bottom of the histogram and a binarized micro image
  • Fig. 17 Minimum area that does not overlap Same printing and different printing.
  • all the pixels are binarized by automatically setting a threshold value to obtain a binarized micro image.
  • An automatic threshold setting method for binarization will be described.
  • the identification mark is printed in a color that is clearly different from the background color.
  • the background area is large enough, the original electronic image will not show anything other than the identification mark and the background.
  • the background area is not sufficiently large and the identification mark and the object other than the background are captured, only the identification mark is captured through the process of extracting only the identification mark from the identification mark template.
  • the histogram of the luminance and the number of pixels of the image always has two and only two peaks as described in paragraph 0014 above.
  • the valley between the two peaks is a flat pan bottom with a long width and a very low height.
  • FIG. 15 FIG. 16, and FIG. 17, only the upper half of the horizontal bar identification mark is cut out to simplify the explanation, but of course the same applies to the whole.
  • the threshold value is set near both end points of the pan bottom (the luminance is 93 in the upper diagram and the luminance 174 in the lower diagram), but the outline shape clearly loses its individual characteristics.
  • a low luminance value (middle part 119) and a high luminance value near the median value of the two luminance values corresponding to the peaks of the two peaks (upper figure 137) and to the extent that the features of the contour shape are not significantly lost.
  • the three contours (lower figure 149) are taken as threshold values to obtain respective contour shapes.
  • the width of the low luminance value and the high luminance value is as large as 30 and wide, but the feature of the contour shape is not lost significantly. However, there are some changes in the contour shape. Therefore, whether or not the contour shape is effective for determining the coincidence / non-coincidence of the printed matter even if the contour shape slightly changes is verified as follows.
  • two binarized micro images of a low luminance value (119) and a high luminance value (149) with a large threshold are compared for the binarized micro image of No. 1 printing.
  • the minimum area where they do not overlap is defined as the difference area SI (filled portion).
  • SI space between identical
  • SI space between identical
  • the threshold value is set near the central value of the two peaks (99) to obtain a binarized micro image, and the identification mark (No. 1 printing) of FIG.
  • the threshold value is taken around the median value of the two peaks (137) to obtain a binarized micro image, and the two are compared.
  • the minimum non-overlapping area is obtained as a difference area SD (space between different). Comparing both different areas SI and SD, in the case of the same printing solids, even if the threshold fluctuates considerably around the median of the peaks of the two peaks, the size of the difference area is different between different printing solids We found that it was significantly smaller than the area. That is, SI ⁇ SD. It has been found that this relational expression is maintained even if the threshold value changes as long as it is near the median value of the two peaks.
  • the automatic threshold setting may be the median of the luminance values corresponding to the peaks of two peaks, and statistics such as a method for deriving the luminance values in the vicinity thereof, such as a discriminant analysis method for deriving a threshold value that maximizes the interclass variance
  • An automatic threshold automatic derivation method may be used. And if the minimum area that does not overlap, that is, the difference area is measured and it is a value less than a certain value (SIT) determined by trial, it is SI and it is judged as the same printing solid, or it is a certain value determined by trial ( It was found that if the value is greater than or equal to (SDT), it is SD and can be determined as a separate print object.
  • the large difference between SI and SD is due to the difference in the contour shape of the binarized micro image.
  • the difference may be expressed by a minimum area that does not overlap as described above, or, as described in paragraph 0030 “A method for automatically matching binarized micro images and a method for automatically determining coincidence / mismatch”, other quantitative indicators such as You may express by the correlation coefficient of two outline shapes.
  • the correlation coefficient is very high, and in the case of different printed solids, the correlation coefficient is very low. This makes it possible to determine whether the printed solids match or not, regardless of the type of imaging and imaging conditions (imaging environment and imaging technology), and if the binarization threshold is near the center value of the two peaks, Nevertheless, it was discovered that it can be carried out with high accuracy.
  • This discovery is a decisive indispensable discovery in an authenticity determination method that uses an image that is unavoidably unstable because the image is taken by an ordinary person using a general device (mobile phone with camera).
  • the quantitative index of the approximation or the difference may be any quantity representing similarity such as the minimum area that does not overlap, the correlation coefficient of the contour shape, and RMS (Root Mean Square). These indices are automatically calculated by a computer, and when they exceed a certain numerical value or smaller than a certain numerical value, it is determined that the two printed identification marks match or do not match.
  • This natural phenomenon that the degree of difference is greatly different between the same printing and different printing is due to the printing characteristics (randomness without unevenness of the microscopic contour, gradation characteristics of the boundary area between the ink and the printing medium) and digital imaging. This is based on the optical characteristics of the device (relationship between resolution, focus failure, binarization threshold, etc. and contour shape). Utilizing this natural phenomenon, the automatic authentication method of the present application was invented. This is a surprising natural phenomenon.
  • the reading device for the regular identification mark or the identification mark to be collated is mainly a digital camera (including a digital camera attached to a mobile phone), but the reading device may be a scanner.
  • a manufacturer or distributor of a target article or a contractor entrusted with the article first places a micro-identification mark having a color clearly different from the background color as shown in FIG. 2 (certificate). Or print on the certificate.
  • the width of the minute identification mark should be about 0.2 to 1 mm, and if it is long, the probability of reproducing the features of the random contour shape that cannot be controlled by humans can be made almost infinitely small, and it can be easily observed visually.
  • the presence of minute identification marks can be searched.
  • the size of the background zone around the identification mark is preferably such that when the identification mark is imaged by a reading device, no image other than the identification mark is imaged on the display screen. A width of about 3 times is desirable. Then, there is no worry that some dark colors other than the identification mark (color that becomes black when automatic binarization) are captured on the screen of the reading device.
  • printing inks that have strong water resistance, light resistance and aging stability.
  • a combination of printing ink, printing medium, and printing machine is selected so that ink bleeds, protrusions, and omissions occur moderately in the micro contour portion.
  • printing machines such as offset printing, gravure printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, ink jet printing, laser printing, etc., and any of them may be used, but the magnification required for the lens of the reader is microscopic depending on each. To be able to recognize the difference in contour shape.
  • the individual article identification code (manufacturing number or the like) of the target article is printed on this print medium (certificate).
  • the certificate may be printed electronically with the URL of the destination authenticator who transmits the identification mark of the present application.
  • the contractor is near the center of the printing ink blank zone in the thick frame printed on the certificate 33.
  • a minute identification mark and a part of the surrounding background zone are magnified by a 32 lens, and an enlarged image is captured by a 31 digital camera and read.
  • the overall magnification of the lens and the digital camera zoom it is necessary to have a total magnification that can read the features of the micro outline shape that cannot be controlled by the person of the identification mark.
  • the basic shape of the identification mark is registered in advance, and only the identification mark and its peripheral region are cut out from the original electronic image as a template and used as the original electronic image. It is also good.
  • the read original electronic image of the identification mark is transmitted to the server 35 of FIG. 3 and recorded in the storage device (database) 36, which is used as the original electronic image of the normal identification mark.
  • the individual article identification code of the target article is simultaneously input and stored in the database.
  • a binary micro image is automatically extracted from the original electronic image of the read regular identification mark by automatically setting a threshold value as described in paragraph 0028 above.
  • a threshold value as described in paragraph 0028 above.
  • This certificate is attached to the target item.
  • the attaching method may not be physically connected. Thereafter, the target article is shipped to the market together with the certificate and distributed to the market.
  • the authenticity of the article can be determined by the following procedure. This will be described with reference to FIG. 1 (conceptual diagram of the automatic authentication system).
  • the general person reads the individual article identification code printed on the target article or the certificate attached thereto.
  • the micro-identification mark is enlarged to a proper magnification with the zoom function of the digital camera and, if necessary, with a simple lens function attached to the digital camera, and then it is copied to the screen of the mobile phone and expanded until the micro contour shape can be recognized. To do.
  • the image is transmitted to the authentication center together with the individual article identification code.
  • the original electronic image of the verification identification mark received at the authentication center is binarized by automatically setting a threshold value by computer processing as described in paragraph 0028 above, and the binary of the verification identification mark Obtain a micro image.
  • the basic shape of the identification mark may be registered in advance, and only the identification mark and the peripheral area in the vicinity thereof may be cut out from the original electronic image using the template as a template and automatically binarized as the original electronic image.
  • the binarized micro image and the binarized micro image of the regular identification mark stored in the database are subjected to matching processing by a computer, and a difference between them is calculated. In the following, a method for matching contour shapes and determining whether or not they match by a computer will be described.
  • a binary image of a collation binary image is obtained by automatically binarizing the original image of the collation identification mark.
  • a binarized micro image obtained by automatically binarizing regular identification marks is called a master binarized micro image.
  • the identification mark is black and the periphery is white.
  • a micro-image obtained by automatically binarizing an identification mark is composed of a peninsula, a bay, a small island, a rock, a lake, and a pond. And the land is uniformly black and the water surface is uniformly white.
  • DS The area of the black area of both images that does not overlap is determined as DS, and when the rotation angle is ⁇ (i), it is defined as DS ( ⁇ (i)).
  • a reference angle mark may be printed to set a reference angle, and the reference angles of the two images may be matched.
  • minR (I) The minR between the same printing individuals is minR (I), and that between different printing individuals is minR (D).
  • minR (D) The minR between the same printing individuals is minR (I), and that between different printing individuals is minR (D).
  • minR (I) ⁇ minR (D).
  • SIT and SDT as threshold values for determining whether the prints are the same or different are obtained as empirical values. Since minR (I) ⁇ SIT ⁇ SDT ⁇ minR (D), it can be determined whether minR (I) or minR (D) based on the obtained difference minR. That is, it is possible to determine whether the print solid is the same print solid or another print solid.
  • the authenticity of the target article is determined and returned.
  • it can be determined with a very high probability whether or not the identification mark corresponding to the article has been properly printed. If the image received by the Authenticity Judgment Management Center and the master image can be determined to be the same as the binarized micro image, “the article with this identification mark is genuine”, or if it cannot be determined to be the same “ It is very likely that the item with the mark is not genuine. " The ordinary person can receive it and obtain the result of the authenticity judgment at the professional level.
  • the authenticity of the article with the identification mark of the present application can be determined with extremely high accuracy. If it is determined that the identification mark is genuine, it is confirmed that it is unique in the world, so it is almost certain that the article to which the identification mark is attached is also genuine. This is because there is no fake trader who purchases a large number of genuine articles to obtain a genuine identification mark and sells the purchased genuine certificate with a large number of goods. That's because you never get it.
  • the above explanation is mainly based on the assumption that a mobile phone with a digital camera is used. However, since its function is to capture, transmit, receive and display identification marks, a digital camera, a microscope, a USB microscope, etc. The same function can be obtained even if used.
  • the other operations are the same as those in the first embodiment except that the method for matching the binarized micro image of the regular identification mark and the binarized micro image of the identification mark to be compared is different from that of the first embodiment.
  • Various methods of contour shape matching by a computer other than the first embodiment are disclosed and put into practical use. For example, in all combinations obtained by changing the size, horizontal / vertical movement, and rotation angle in a constant step, the sum of absolute values of the difference in y-axis values corresponding to certain x-axis values of both contour shapes The minimum difference is obtained as an index of the difference by calculating by a statistical processing method such as sum of squares, correlation coefficient, and the like.
  • feature points such as end points, cusps, corner points, and bending points of both contour shapes are calculated by a computer, and they are compared to find inconsistent points, and the values obtained by quantifying the number and characteristics of the differences are used as a difference indicator. Get as. If the obtained difference index is within a certain value, it is automatically determined as a match, and if it exceeds a certain value, it is automatically determined as a mismatch.
  • the authenticity determination is performed according to the following series of steps (1) to (15).
  • (1) Print of identification mark and reference angle mark Please refer to FIG. Similar to the first embodiment or the second embodiment, a minute mark having an arbitrary shape and another arbitrary minute mark inside or near the mark on the target article or its certificate are displayed on the background. Print in a color that is distinctly different from the color. When it is provided inside the mark, it becomes an ink blank area.
  • One mark is an identification mark and the other mark is a reference angle mark.
  • a characteristic shape such as a concave portion or a convex portion may be provided on a part of the edge of the identification mark and printed as a reference angle mark.
  • Threshold setting and automatic binarization See FIG. Since the identification mark and the reference angle mark are printed in a color that is clearly different from the background color as described in the above (1), the histogram of the luminance and the number of pixels of the pixel of the original electronic image as described in paragraph 0014 above. Always have two and only two mountains. The median value of the luminance values corresponding to these two peaks or the luminance value in the vicinity thereof is automatically calculated as a threshold value by any general method, and the threshold value is automatically calculated as described in paragraph 0028 above. To automatically binarize the original image and obtain the original binarized micro image.
  • the primitive binarized micro image obtained in the above (3) is a binarized identification mark and reference angle mark, but a peninsula, a bay, a small island, and a pond are scattered as black areas. Among them, only the maximum area area (for example, the identification mark here) and the second area area (for example, the reference angle mark here) are extracted, and the identification mark binarized micro image and the reference angle mark 2 are extracted. A valued micro image is obtained.
  • an identifier filled identification mark binarized micro image
  • a filled reference angle mark binarized micro image are obtained.
  • the representation method may be an angular distance method (polar coordinate method) or an orthogonal coordinate method.
  • (Y 1 to n , X 1 to m ) points are assigned as 1 when the points are on the outline, and 0 when there are no points, and the numerical sequence becomes an identifier.
  • the representation and the identifier can be easily verified. For this purpose, first, the area barycentric position (B) of only the “fill reference angle mark binarized micro image” is obtained. Next, the area centroid position (A) of only the identifier (filled identification mark binarized micro image) is obtained, and the straight line connecting A and B is set as the reference angle of the identifier.
  • the reference angle can be obtained by another method.
  • a reference angle mark of a color distinctly different from the identification mark is printed inside or outside the identification mark area, or a blank area of printing ink is set and imaged in the same manner as described above.
  • automatic binarization is performed, and a maximum area area is extracted to obtain an identification mark binarized micro image.
  • a blank area having a maximum area as a reference angle mark is extracted from the image area, and the barycentric position is obtained.
  • all blanks or light-colored zones (including reference angle marks) in the area of the image are filled to obtain a filled identification mark binarized micro image (identifier).
  • the barycentric position of the identifier is obtained, and the barycentric position of the reference angle mark is connected to the barycentric position to obtain the reference angle.
  • the distance by the above-mentioned angular distance method is the shortest distance angle, the longest distance angle, or a change in distance.
  • the reference angle may be obtained based on an angle having a large value. There may be other methods for obtaining the reference angle, but any method may be used as long as the reference angle is obtained.
  • the contour shape consists of a complex peninsula or bay, and the bay bites along the contour line or the peninsula exists along the contour line, there will be multiple contour points encountered on the line from the center of gravity A, Measure the distance to the first encountered contour and ignore the others. Since the regular identifier to be stored and the identifier to be collated are similar in shape, they can be ignored. The above measurement is measured in a range of 360 degrees or a specific angle, and is defined as l ( ⁇ i ). This number string represents the contour-shaped waveform almost continuously, and is an identifier.
  • the size of both contour shapes must be the same.
  • there is no strict constant size for the micro contour shape This is because the shape of each printed micro identification mark is random, and the contour region has a gradation of brightness, so there is no fixed size. Strictly speaking, it is impossible to equalize the size of individual printed matter.
  • the stored regular identification mark was taken by a contractor, whereas the verification identification mark was taken by an ordinary person with a camera-equipped mobile phone with an appropriately enlarged image. Different. Even in the same printed matter, the size of the image is different for each shot. Furthermore, the size of the binarized image also changes depending on the threshold value when binarizing the captured original image.
  • this l ( ⁇ i ) is divided by the average value and indexed. By doing so, it is possible to collate / determine the coincidence / disagreement by calculating the degree of similarity of the contour shape regardless of the size of the identification mark.
  • both the original electronic image of the identification mark of (2) and the reference angle mark and the identifier consisting of the numerical sequence of l ( ⁇ i ) of (7), or the latter, are electronically stored as normal identification information of the identification mark.
  • FIG. 1 schematic diagram of automatic authentication system.
  • the general public who wants to determine the authenticity of an article captures each collated identification mark and reference angle mark (both are collectively referred to as a minute mark) with a terminal device that can recognize the microscopic contour shape of each original electronic image. To get. Further, a collated individual article identification code corresponding to the collation identification mark is input to the terminal device.
  • FIG. 1 (conceptual diagram of automatic authentication system).
  • the general person side transmits the original electronic image of the individual article identification code to be collated and the minute mark (the collation identification mark and the reference angle mark) input in (10) to the authenticity judgment person side through the Internet.
  • the reception authenticity determination side receives the original electronic image of the collated individual article identification code and the minute mark (the collation identification mark and the reference angle mark) of (11) above.
  • the statistical value is a statistical index representing the degree of difference such as the correlation coefficient between X i and Y i , the root mean square of the difference between the two, or the sum of absolute values of the difference between the two.
  • the reason why the coincidence / non-coincidence can be determined with high accuracy in this way is that the identification mark and the reference angle mark are printed in a color that is clearly different from the background color as described in (1) above, and (3) to (7) This is because computer processing was performed. Further, in order to further increase the accuracy of coincidence / non-coincidence determination and reduce the amount of computer processing, before calculating the statistical index, the identifier (numerical string of l ( ⁇ i )) is Fourier-transformed within a range where the accuracy of determination does not deteriorate. You may perform the process which smooths a fine unevenness
  • the general person side does not transmit both the captured image and the individual product identification code to be verified to the authenticator side, but only the individual product identification code input in (10) above is sent to the authenticator side.
  • the identifier (l ( ⁇ i )) of the regular identification mark stored in the electronic storage device of (8) is received and the corresponding identification mark and reference angle mark acquired in (10) are received.
  • the identifier l ( ⁇ i ) of the identification mark to be verified is automatically created from the electronic image by the method described in the above (3) to (7), both identifiers are automatically verified, and the coincidence mismatch is determined by the above statistical index. Automatic determination may be performed. That is, the automatic generation of the identifier of the identification mark to be verified and the automatic determination of coincidence and coincidence with the automatic verification may be performed on the authenticity determination center side or on the general public side.
  • the identifier of the verification identification mark is an identifier based on a newly captured image. Instead, it is considered that an identifier based on a past captured image was stolen and transmitted to the authenticator. This is because images that completely match cannot be captured. In that case, the computer is programmed to issue a warning instead of a match.
  • the packaging is almost the same as the real product, and if the form and chemical composition of the drug are almost the same, even an authorized manufacturer cannot immediately distinguish between the real product and the bag. Even in that case, if the micro-identification mark according to the present invention is printed or attached to the packaging box, the authenticity can be discriminated quickly. As a result, counterfeit goods cannot exist and the huge cost of extermination is unnecessary.
  • the feature of the present invention is that it can be executed only with devices that are used by ordinary people or devices that are available at a very low cost, and as a business operator on the authenticity judgment side, there is no need for completely new technology development and almost no capital investment. Therefore, it is possible to execute immediately with little cost. However, an article that is manufactured and sold as a counterfeit product is not effective because it is known that the product is a counterfeit product.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)

Abstract

[Problème] L'invention a pour objet de remédier à l'absence de procédé permettant de déterminer automatiquement l'authenticité d'un article et susceptible d'être exécuté par une personne ordinaire à l'aide d'un téléphone cellulaire équipé d'un appareil photo. [Solution] La couleur d'une encre (caractérisée en ce que la différence entre un attribut comme la luminance de couleur et celui d'une couleur d'arrière-plan est supérieure ou égale à une valeur fixe) est spécifiée, et une forme unique fine est imprimée dans la couleur en question en tant que marque d'identification. Un ordinateur est utilisé pour convertir automatiquement en valeurs binaires une image numérique de la marque d'identification, en utilisant comme valeur seuil une valeur proche de la valeur centrale de la luminance (ou similaire) correspondant à deux pics apparaissant dans un histogramme de la luminance (ou similaire) de l'image numérique en question, et une forme de micro-contour qui est inférieure ou égale à la limite de commande de forme de la marque d'identification en question est utilisée comme identifiant. L'identifiant d'une marque d'identification à comparer est comparé à l'identifiant d'une marque d'identification légitime mémorisée, et le degré de coïncidence entre celles-ci est représenté à l'aide d'un indice statistique unique calculé automatiquement par un ordinateur, permettant ainsi à l'authenticité de la marque d'identification et d'un article individuel d'être déterminée avec une grande précision par une personne ordinaire à l'aide d'un téléphone cellulaire équipé d'un appareil photo.
PCT/JP2014/070503 2013-08-11 2014-08-04 Procédé pour déterminer automatiquement l'authenticité d'un article individuel en utilisant comme identifiant la forme de micro-contour d'une impression WO2015022872A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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JP2013-167205 2013-08-11
JP2013167205 2013-08-11
JP2013222837 2013-10-27
JP2013-222837 2013-10-27
JP2013264715 2013-12-21
JP2013-264715 2013-12-21

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EP3852057A4 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2022-06-15 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Dispositif de détermination, procédé de commande de dispositif de détermination, système de détermination, procédé de commande de système de détermination, et programme
JP7095934B1 (ja) 2021-12-09 2022-07-05 エレファンテック株式会社 印刷装置
JP7095933B1 (ja) 2021-12-09 2022-07-05 エレファンテック株式会社 印刷システム
CN115060665A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-09-16 君华高科集团有限公司 一种食品安全自动巡检系统
WO2024200316A1 (fr) * 2023-03-27 2024-10-03 U-Nica Solutions Ag Procédé et système d'enregistrement de montres

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WO2012023363A1 (fr) * 2010-08-17 2012-02-23 Hirayama Sadahiro Procédé pour une évaluation d'authenticité réalisée facilement par des personnes ordinaires à l'aide d'une marque minuscule d'identification imprimée
JP2013134515A (ja) * 2011-12-26 2013-07-08 Nisemono Shikibetsu Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk 複製不可能な識別マークと情報コードによる物品の真贋判定方法

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WO2004093433A1 (fr) * 2003-04-15 2004-10-28 Fujitsu Limited Dispositif et procede de reconnaissance de code
JP2009516259A (ja) * 2005-11-11 2009-04-16 株式会社カラージップメディア 動画イメージコード、動画イメージコードを生成または復号する装置及びその方法
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EP3852057A4 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2022-06-15 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Dispositif de détermination, procédé de commande de dispositif de détermination, système de détermination, procédé de commande de système de détermination, et programme
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JP7095934B1 (ja) 2021-12-09 2022-07-05 エレファンテック株式会社 印刷装置
JP7095933B1 (ja) 2021-12-09 2022-07-05 エレファンテック株式会社 印刷システム
JP2023086073A (ja) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-21 エレファンテック株式会社 印刷装置
JP2023086065A (ja) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-21 エレファンテック株式会社 印刷システム
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CN115060665A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-09-16 君华高科集团有限公司 一种食品安全自动巡检系统
WO2024200316A1 (fr) * 2023-03-27 2024-10-03 U-Nica Solutions Ag Procédé et système d'enregistrement de montres

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