Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
  • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
  • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
  • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
  • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
  • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
  • B60L2250/10—Driver interactions by alarm
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
  • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for diagnosing a condition of a battery having a plurality of battery units.
• the invention also relates to a computer program and a
• Battery management system which are set up to carry out the method. Furthermore, a battery and a motor vehicle are specified with such a battery.
• Hybrid and electric vehicles use battery packs in nickel-metal hydride technology or lithium-ion technology, which consist of a large number of series-connected electrochemical cells.
• a battery management system is used to monitor the battery and, in addition to the safety monitoring, should ensure the longest possible battery life.
• a task of the battery management system is, state of charge (SOC) of the individual battery units despite different self discharges and
• balancing which is usually made resistive.
• a resistor and a switching element is provided for each battery unit in order to discharge individual battery units specifically via this so-called balancing resistor.
• Charge state compensation of battery units is described for example in DE 10 2009 002 466 A1.
• a so-called inductive cell balancing is also described, wherein the circuit concept for aligning the cell voltages based on an inductive intermediate storage of the transported electrical energy.
• the document also discloses a battery diagnosis that only then is started when an operating state of a consumer supplied by the battery indicates that it is not operating in a main mode.
• step a a state of charge compensation value is determined for each battery unit. Thus, it can be determined which battery unit is defective or inferior.
• the diagnosis of the state of the battery takes place in the form of the diagnosis of the state of the battery units in step d) on the basis of the result of the comparison in step c).
• step d) an identification of the defective or inferior battery units, z.
• an identification of the defective or inferior battery units z.
• the possible diagnostic options in step b) include a first diagnostic option, which includes an increased self-discharge rate of at least one
• Battery unit preferably increased self-discharge rates of all battery units concerns.
• the self-discharge rate may be considered as a measure of the state of health (SOH) of the battery pack.
• SOH state of health
• State of charge compensation value is closed to the increased self-discharge rate of the affected battery units.
• the possibility of the first diagnostic option is determined on the basis of the presence of a limited SOC window (SOC, state of charge). This is possible for example by discharging and then charging the battery unit to the original state of charge or by charging and subsequent discharge.
• SOC SOC, state of charge
• an SOC window that is within a range that is typically achieved on each day of travel for a particular type of vehicle, such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HEV, hybrid electrical vehicle).
• a hybrid vehicle it is advantageous if the limited SOC window is defined by SOC values of 40% and 50%.
• the limited SOC window is defined by SOC values above 80% or above 90%.
• the possible diagnostic options include a second diagnostic option, which relates to a capacity loss of at least one battery unit, preferably capacity losses of all battery units. The capacity loss is caused by the aging of the battery unit and provides in the context of the invention provides a further measure of the health of the battery unit. It is therefore particularly advantageous to infer a possible loss of capacity of the affected battery units on the basis of the charge state compensation requirement value.
• the second diagnostic option is determined based on the presence of a period of time that is shorter than a reference period, for example, shorter than one hour or less than two Hours.
• the second diagnostic option can be determined based on the presence of an SOC stroke of at least 20% within a maximum of 1 to 2 hours.
• a computer program is also proposed according to which one of the methods described herein is performed when the computer program is executed on a programmable computer device.
• the computer program is preferably executed on a battery control device accompanying normal operation.
• the computer program can in particular be a module for implementing a battery diagnostic system or a module for implementing a
• the computer program can be stored on a machine-readable storage medium, such as on a
• the computer program may be provided on a computing device, such as on a server or a cloud server, for downloading, for example via a data network such as the Internet, or a communication connection such as a telephone line or wireless connection.
• a battery management system is also provided with a unit for determining a state of charge compensation demand value, a unit for determining possible diagnostic options, a unit for comparing the determined requirement value with a demand threshold for a diagnosed diagnostic option and a unit for diagnosing the state of the battery units.
• a battery in particular a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery is also provided, the
• Battery management system comprises and is connectable to a drive system of a motor vehicle, wherein the battery management system is formed as described above and / or is arranged to carry out the inventive method.
• the terms “battery” and “battery unit” are used in the present description, the usual parlance used for accumulator or Akkumulatorü.
• the battery preferably comprises one or more battery units, which designate a battery cell, a battery module, a module string or a battery pack can.
• the battery cells are preferably firmly connected to each other and interconnected circuitry, for example, connected in series or parallel to modules.
• Several modules can be connected to so-called battery direct converters (BDCs) and several battery direct converters to a so-called battery direct inverter (BDI).
• BDCs battery direct converters
• BDI battery direct inverter
• a motor vehicle is also provided with such a battery, wherein the battery is connected to a drive system of the motor vehicle.
• the method is used in electrically powered vehicles, in which an interconnection of multiple battery cells for
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a battery management system in
• FIG. 2 shows a method according to the invention according to a first embodiment
• Figure 3 shows a method according to the invention according to a second embodiment
• FIG. 4 shows a diagram with standardized charge state compensation values.
• FIG. 1 shows a battery management system 2, which is set up, several
• the battery management system 2 is set up to carry out the method according to the invention.
• Communication channel 18 for example to a CAN bus.
• the battery management system 2 has a unit 6 for determining a
• the demand value determination unit 6 is set up to receive measured values and / or measured data from the battery units 4 in order to determine the charge state compensation requirement value individually for each battery unit 4.
• the determination of the state of charge compensation required value can for example take place regularly or be coupled to specific events or operating states of the vehicle.
• the framework conditions in the demand determination are decisive.
• a first battery unit is denoted Wegindex L and a second with Tiefindex S.
• the battery units have different self-discharges
• Qs (t) Q s (0) + AQ s (t) - as (t), where AQ (t) means a charge / discharge stroke.
• ASOC (At) C * + ⁇ - ⁇ - ⁇ * - ⁇ .
• the parameters time t, and the charge flow rate Q are variable. As a result, two cases can be distinguished:
• Battery unit performed in comparison to any reference battery unit.
• a suitable reference battery unit is, for example, the one with the lowest SOC in the battery pack. In this way, the diagnosis for all battery units is feasible. The increased self-discharge rate is measured relative to other cells. If all cells discharge evenly fast, then the diagnosis can not detect this. However, this case is very unlikely even at about 100 cells.
• the battery management system has a unit 8 for determining diagnostic options, which checks the conditions during the charge state equalization requirement determination for the presence of possible diagnostic options.
• the unit 8 for determining diagnostic options receives measured values and / or measured data from the
• Battery units 4 in particular information about the state of charge of the battery units (SOC) to determine the presence of a limited SOC window.
• the diagnostic option determination means 8 is also arranged to determine whether two detected charge state equalization demand values have been determined in a limited SOC window, for example, in a SOC window with SOC values of 40% and 50%.
• the means 8 for determining the diagnostic options also includes a
• Timing unit which can determine if two determined demand values for the battery balancing, if they were determined within a period of time that is shorter than a reference period.
• the battery management system 2 also has a unit 10 for comparing the determined charge state compensation requirement value with a demand threshold for a determined diagnostic option. For example, if the diagnostic option determination unit 8 has determined a charge state balance demand value determination in the limited SOC window, the charge state balance requirement may change to one increased self-discharge rate of the battery unit are closed. Whether such an increased self-discharge rate of the battery unit is present, the unit 10 determines by comparing the determined charge state compensation requirement value with the
• diagnostic option determination unit 8 alternatively or in addition thereto
• the unit compares 10 to
• the battery management system 2 also has a unit 12 for diagnosing the state of the battery units, which receives data from the unit 10 for comparing the determined demand value with a demand threshold.
• the means 12 for diagnosing the condition of the batteries identifies defective or inferior ones
• Battery units by storing entries in the battery units associated with fault memories or outputs a warning signal to the driver of the vehicle.
• Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.
• the method is initiated, for example by detecting a specific operating state of the vehicle or by lapse of a defined time.
• a charge state compensation requirement value is determined for a battery unit.
• a further charge state compensation requirement value is determined.
• Sufficiency level demand values have been determined in a limited SOC window. If so, a diagnosis is made in step S4 regarding the self-discharge rate of the battery pack. If not, it is determined in a step S5 whether the charge state compensation requirement values determined in steps S1 and S2 have been determined within a time period which is shorter than a reference period. If so, a capacity diagnosis is performed in a step S6. If not, the process is restarted, whereby the last detected state of charge compensation demand value can be used again, so that in the following step S1 can be omitted.
• Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention.
• the steps SO, S1 and S2 are executed as described with reference to FIG.
• the method shown in Fig. 3 differs from that of Fig. 2 only in the
• Step S7 first checks whether the determined state of charge compensation demand values were determined within a period that is shorter than a reference period. If so, the capacity diagnosis is performed in a step S8. If not, it is checked in a step S9 whether the ascertained state of charge compensation requirement values were determined within a limited SOC window. If so, in step S10, the
• FIG. 4 shows a diagram in which a standardized charge state compensation requirement ASOC / AC is plotted over the time t.
• ASOC / AC In a first area 20, ASOC / AC> 0, so AQ> 0.
• ASOC / AC In a second area 22, ASOC / AC ⁇ 0, so that AQ ⁇ 0. Recognizable occurs a reversal in the charge state balance requirement of the batteries. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that at the upper SOC limit, a higher capacity battery pack would be discharged, while at the lower SOC limit, the smaller capacity battery pack would be discharged. The capacity-related demand is therefore reversed, while the demand based on self-discharge is not reversed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-07-30 DE DE102013214817.8A patent/DE102013214817A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2014
  • 2014-07-25 CN CN201480042616.3A patent/CN105452890A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-07-25 WO PCT/EP2014/066100 patent/WO2015014761A1/de active Application Filing

Patent Citations (3)

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