Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
  • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
  • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
  • C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
  • C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/288—Compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen
  • C08G18/289—Compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
  • C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
  • C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
  • C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
  • C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
  • C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
  • C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
  • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
  • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
  • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
  • C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
  • C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/8083—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen
  • C08G18/809—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/83—Chemically modified polymers
  • C08G18/837—Chemically modified polymers by silicon containing compounds

Definitions

• the invention relates to hydroxysilanes and their use.
• Organosilanes with an additional functional group are often used in sealants, adhesives, coatings and pretreatment agents such as primers or activators. They serve, inter alia, as adhesion promoters or crosslinkers, as well as structural components for the preparation of silane-containing compounds. Particularly important are silane-containing polymers, also referred to as "silane-functional polymers” or “silane-modified polymers” (SMP) or “silane-terminated polymers” (STP), which are crosslinkable by means of moisture and serve as a binder in curable compositions.
• silane-containing polymers also referred to as "silane-functional polymers” or “silane-modified polymers” (SMP) or “silane-terminated polymers” (STP), which are crosslinkable by means of moisture and serve as a binder in curable compositions.
• SMP silane-modified polymers
• STP silane-terminated polymers
• Typical organosilanes which can easily be converted to silane-functional compounds with isocyanates are mercaptosilanes and amino silanes.
• Mercaptosilanes have an unpleasant odor and form thermally not very stable thiourethanes with isocyanates, which are easily cleavable at elevated temperature.
• Aminosilanes are basic and form isocyanates with ureas, which often have very high viscosity or limited heat resistance.
• Hydroxysilanes are poorly known in the art. Their handling has the difficulty that they tend to self-condensation due to a rapid reaction of the hydroxyl group with the silane group and therefore are often very impure and / or poor storage stability. For the reaction with isocyanates, however, hydroxysilanes would be interesting since the resulting urethanes are thermally relatively stable and have a moderate viscosity. From US 5,587,502 Hydroxycarbamoylsilane are known. However, the hydroxysilanes described have too low a purity to be really interesting for the preparation of silane-functional polymers, and their hydroxyl group is not very reactive. Presentation of the invention
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a hydroxysilane which can be prepared in high purity in a simple process, has good storage stability and is suitable for the preparation of silane-functional compounds.
• a hydroxysilane according to claim 1 solves this problem.
• the hydroxysilane according to claim 1 can be prepared in a simple process from commercially available raw materials in high purity. It has a hydroxyl group of high reactivity and good storage stability.
• the hydroxysilane according to claim 1 can be advantageously used as a constituent of a curable composition, in particular an activator, a primer, an adhesive or sealant or a coating, where it can act as a primer and / or crosslinker, without the disadvantages of mercapto or aminosilanes such as unpleasant odors or strong basicity. It can be used particularly advantageously for the preparation of silane-functional compounds, in particular by being reacted with isocyanates. Such silane-functional compounds can be used in the same manner as the hydroxysilane itself. In addition, they are useful as moisture-curing binders in curable compositions.
• silane-functional polymers from the reaction of a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) with isocyanate-functional polyurethane polymers.
• the polymers thus obtained quickly cure with moisture to elastic materials of high strength, elasticity and heat resistance and adhere well to a variety of substrates.
• the invention relates to a hydroxysilane of the formula (I)
• R 1a and R 1b independently of one another each represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 C atoms, or together represent an alkylene radical having 2 to 6 C atoms;
• R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 C atoms, which optionally contains ether groups, ester groups, nitrile groups, amino groups or silane groups;
• R 3 is a linear or branched alkylene or cycloalkylene radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, optionally with aromatic moieties, and optionally with one or more heteroatoms, in particular nitrogen atoms;
• R 4 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 C atoms;
• R 5 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 10 C atoms, which optionally contains ether groups
• n 1 or 2;
• x stands for 0, 1 or 2.
• alkoxysilane group or "silane group” for short denotes a silyl group bonded to an organic radical having one to three, in particular two or three, hydrolyzable alkoxy radicals on the silicon atom.
• alkoxysilane or “SNan” for short refers to an organic compound having at least one silane group.
• hydroxysilane denotes silanes which have one or more hydroxyl, isocyanato, amino or mercapto groups on the organic radical in addition to the silane group.
• poly such as polyol or polyisocyanate
• polyurethane polymer encompasses all polymers which are prepared by the so-called diisocyanate-polyaddition process
• polyurethane polymer also encompasses polyurethane polymers containing isocyanate groups, such as are obtainable from the reaction of polyols with an excess of polyisocyanates and themselves Represent polyisocyanates and are often called prepolymers.
• molecular weight refers to the molar mass (in grams per mole) of a molecule.
• Average molecular weight refers to the number average M n of an oligomeric or polymeric mixture of molecules usually obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC ) is determined against polystyrene as standard.
• a dashed line in the formulas in this document represents the bond between a substituent and the associated moiety.
• a “storage stable” is a substance or composition when at room temperature in a suitable container for extended periods of time, typically several weeks may be stored for up to 3 months and more, without changing their application or use properties by storage to a degree relevant to their use.
• room temperature refers to a temperature of approx. 23 ° C.
• Hydroxysilanes of the formula (I) in which R 1a and R 1b are different substituents are chiral compounds which may be pure isomers or mixtures of isomers.
• R 1a and R 1b are each not tertiary alkyl such as tert-butyl.
• a tertiary alkyl group causes strong steric hindrance of the hydroxyl group, which may be detrimental to the use of the hydroxysilane.
• R 1a preferably represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, which is not attached via a tertiary C atom, in particular for hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isoproyl pyl, butyl, sec-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl.
• a hydroxysilane has a hydroxyl group with good reactivity.
• R 1a particularly preferably represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, which is bonded via a primary C atom, in particular hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, butyl or sec-butyl.
• a hydroxysilane has a hydroxyl group with very good reactivity.
• R 1a is in particular a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, most preferably a methyl radical.
• a substituent R 1a in the form of methyl is advantageous in that such hydroxysilanes are readily available and have good storage stability and the hydroxyl group is of high reactivity.
• a substituent R 1a in the form of hydrogen is advantageous in that the hydroxyl group is particularly reactive, which may be advantageous if the hydroxysilane is not to be stored for too long.
• R 1b particularly preferably represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, in particular a hydrogen atom. Particularly preferably, R 1a and R 1b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical.
• Such a hydroxysilane has a particularly reactive hydroxyl group and is very storage-stable.
• R 1a is a methyl radical and R 1b is a hydrogen atom.
• R 1a is a methyl radical and R 1b is a hydrogen atom.
• Such a hydroxysilane is particularly easy to access, has excellent storage stability and the hydroxyl group is of very high reactivity.
• R 2 preferably represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical or a cycloalkyl radical or an alkoxysilylalkyl radical. Such a hydroxysilane is particularly easy to access.
• R 2 particularly preferably represents a hydrogen atom. Such a hydroxysilane is particularly easy to prepare. R 2 furthermore particularly preferably represents an alkoxysilylalkyl radical, in particular trimethoxysilylpropyl or triethoxysilylpropyl. Such a hydroxysilane of formula (I) allows particularly good adhesion properties.
• R 3 is preferably a linear or branched alkylene radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, optionally with one nitrogen atom.
• the radical R 3 is selected from the group consisting of 1, 3-propylene, 4-aza-1, 6-hexylene, 2-methyl-1, 3-propylene, 1, 4-butylene, 3-methyl-1 , 4-butylene and 3,3-dimethyl-1, 4-butylene. Of these, particular preference is 1, 3-propylene and 3, 3-dimethyl-1, 4-butylene, in particular 1, 3-propylene.
• the position of the substituents or heteroatoms in the radicals R 3 is numbered starting from the silicon atom.
• R 4 is preferably a methyl radical.
• R 5 is preferably a methyl radical or ethyl radical, most preferably an ethyl radical.
• a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) with methoxy groups has the advantage that its silane groups are particularly reactive.
• a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) having ethoxy groups has the advantage that it is particularly storage-stable and that the hydrolysis of the low-toxic ethanol is released.
• n is preferably 1.
• Such a hydroxysilane is free of ester groups. It can not transesterify with alcohol released in silane hydrolysis, which makes it particularly storage-stable.
• x is preferably 0 or 1, in particular 0.
• Such a hydroxysilane has particularly reactive silane groups.
• the hydroxysilane of the formula (I) is preferably selected from the group consisting of N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxyacetamide, N- (3-trimethoxy) silylpropyl) -2-hydroxyacetamide, N- (3-diethoxymethylsilylpropyl) -2-hydroxyacetamide, N- (3-dimethoxynethylsilylpropyl) -2-hydroxyacetanide, N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanamide, N- ( 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanamide, N- (3-diethoxymethylsilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanannide, N- (3-dimethoxymethylsilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanannide, N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxy-2 -methylpropanannide, N- (3-trimethoxysilyl
• trialkoxysilanes in particular the triethoxysilanes.
• triethoxysilanes Particularly preferred are N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanamide and N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanamide.
• N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanamide is particularly storage stable and in its hydrolysis ethanol is released, which may be advantageous for toxicological reasons.
• Another object of the invention is a process for preparing a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) by reacting
• n is an integer from 1 to 100;
• R 6 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 C atoms; and R 1a , R 1b , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and x have the meanings already mentioned.
• this reaction is preferably carried out with exclusion of moisture at a temperature in the range from 40 to 150.degree. C., if appropriate in the presence of a drying agent, in particular vinyltriethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane or a molecular sieve.
• a catalyst is preferably used, in particular a metal compound, in particular a titanate, a stannate or an aluminate. It is preferred to use about one mole of aminosilane of formula (IV) per ester group of the hydroxyester of formula (III).
• a hydroxy ester of the formula (III) in which m is 1 is therefore preferably reacted in the molar ratio 1: 1 with the aminosilane.
• a polymeric hydroxyester in which, for example, m is 10 is preferably reacted with the aminosilane in a molar ratio of approximately 1:10.
• n stands.
• an aminosilane / hydroxyester ratio in the range of (0.8 to 1 .2) m is used.
• the reaction can be carried out solvent-free or in a suitable solvent.
• the liberated alcohol, together with any other volatile compounds present, in particular solvents or unreacted starting materials are removed by distillation from the reaction product.
• lactide of the formula (II) 1, 4-dioxane-2,5-dione (lactide from 2-hydroxyacetic acid, also called “glycolide"), 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2 are particularly suitable as lactide of the formula (II) , 5-dione (lactide from lactic acid, also called “lactide”) and 3,6-diphenyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (lactic acid from mandelic acid). These lactides are particularly accessible.
• lactide from this lactide hydroxysilanes are available with a particularly good storage stability and a very reactive hydroxyl group.
• lactide from L-lactic acid also called L-lactide or (3S, 6S) -3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione, is particularly readily accessible, and it is a renewable resource.
• Particularly suitable hydroxyesters of the formula (III) are the methyl esters, ethyl esters, isopropyl esters, n-propyl esters, tert-butyl esters, n-butyl esters and sec-butyl esters of 2-hydroxyacetic acid, 2-hydroxypropionic acid (lactic acid), 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.
• methyl esters and the ethyl esters of 2-hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid and oligomeric forms of these hydroxyesters Preference is given to the methyl esters and the ethyl esters of 2-hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid and oligomeric forms of these hydroxyesters.
• the methyl esters are preferred for the reaction with aminosilanes with methoxy groups and the ethyl esters are preferred for the reaction with aminosilanes with ethoxy groups.
• methyl lactate and ethyl lactate Particularly preferred are methyl lactate and ethyl lactate, and oligomeric forms thereof, especially methyl L-lactate and ethyl L-lactate.
• the L-lactic acid esters are renewable raw materials. Most preferred is L-lactic acid ethyl ester.
• aminosilanes of the formula (IV) are aminosilanes having a primary amino group, in particular 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-aminoethyl-3 -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 4-aminobutyltriethoxysilane, 4-aminobutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-aminobutyldiethoxymethylsilane, 4-aminobutyldimethoxymethylsilane, 4-amino
• 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 3-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltriethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3 dimethylbutyldiethoxymethylsilane and 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyldimethoxymethylsilane.
• aminosilanes having a secondary amino group in particular bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine, bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) amine, N-methyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-methyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (n Butyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (n-butyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethyl-3-amino-2-methylpropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethyl-3-amino-2-methylpropyltriethoxysilane, N- Diethy
• the process for preparing a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) is preferably carried out with at least one lactide of the formula (II).
• This reaction can be carried out in a particularly simple manner under particularly mild conditions. It is even possible to carry out the reaction without catalysts at room temperature and without aftertreatment by distillation.
• a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) by the reaction of 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione, in particular (3S, 6S) -3,6-dimethyl 1, 4-dioxane-2,5-dione, with an aminosilane of the formula (IV). From this process, a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) having very good storage stability and a very reactive hydroxyl group can be obtained in a particularly simple manner under mild production conditions.
• the hydroxysilane of the formula (I) may contain secondary products from the hydrolysis and / or condensation of the silane groups, including those from an intramolecular or intermolecular self-condensation with the hydroxyl group.
• secondary products may be advantageous, for example for adhesion promoter solutions or aqueous pretreatment agents.
• Another object of the invention is a silane-functional compound obtained from the reaction of at least one of the previously described hydroxysilanes of the formula (I) with at least one compound containing at least one group reactive with hydroxyl groups. The reaction is carried out in particular with exclusion of moisture and the conditions suitable for the particular reactive group.
• the hydroxyl-reactive group is preferably selected from the group consisting of isocyanate groups, epoxy groups, acrylate groups, methacrylate groups, anhydride groups, carboxylic acid groups, ester groups, carbonate groups and cyclocarbonate groups.
• isocyanate groups anhydride groups, ester groups, carbonate groups and cyclocarbonate groups. These reactive groups can be reacted with the hydroxysilane of the formula (I) in a particularly simple manner. Most preferred are isocyanate groups. Silane-functional compounds from the reaction of a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) with an isocyanate can be used particularly advantageously, in particular as drying agents and / or adhesion promoters and / or moisture-curing binders.
• Silane-functional compounds from the reaction of a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) with an isocyanate have at least one silane group of the formula (V).
• R 1a , R 1b , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , n and x have the meanings already mentioned.
• the reaction of the hydroxysilane of the formula (I) with the isocyanate is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from 20 to 160 ° C.
• a catalyst is used, in particular a tertiary amine or a metal compound, in particular a bismuth (III), zinc (II), zirconium (IV) or tin (II) compound or an organotin (IV) compound ,
• the hydroxysilane of the formula (I) is employed in a superstoichiometric, stoichiometric or substoichiometric ratio to the isocyanate groups.
• the hydroxysilane is preferably used substoichiometrically. In particular, it is worked with an OH / NCO ratio in the range of 0.1 to 0.5.
• the hydroxysilane is preferably used stoichiometrically or slightly more than stoichiometrically. In particular, it is worked with an OH / NCO ratio in the range of 1 to 1 .25.
• Isocyanatosilanes in particular 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, isocyanatomethyltrimethoxysilane and isocyanatomethyltriethoxysilane;
• aliphatic and cycloaliphatic and aromatic monoisocyanates in particular butyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate, lauryl isocyanate, stearyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate and phenyl isocyanate;
• aromatic di- and triisocyanates in particular 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and any desired mixtures of these isomers (TDI), 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2'- Diphenylmethane diisocyanate and any mixtures of these Isomers (MDI), mixtures of MDI and MDI homologues (polymeric MDI or PMDI), 1, 3 and 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, naphthalene 1, 5-diisocyanate (NDI), 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenyl (TODI), dianisidine diisocyanate (DADI), 1,3,5-tris (isocyanatoethyl) benzene, tris (4-isocyanatophenyl) methane and tris (4-isocyanato
• Oligomers and derivatives of said di- and triisocyanates in particular derived from HDI, IPDI, MDI and TDI; available especially in the commercial types, in particular HDI biurets such as Desmodur ® N 100 and N 3200 (Bayer), Tolonate ® HDB and HDB-LV (Rhodia) and Duranate ® 24A-100 (by Asahi Kasei); HDI-Isocyanurates such as Desmodur ® N 3300, N 3600 and N 3790 BA (all from Bayer), Tolonate ® HDT, HDT-LV and HDT-LV2 (from Rhodia), Duranate ® TPA-100 and THA-100 (of Asahi Kasei) and Coronate HX ® (from Nippon Polyurethane); HDI uretdiones as Desmodur ® N 3400, Desmodur ® XP 2840 (Bayer); HDI Iminooxadiazindiones as Des
• MDI liquid at room temperature forms of MDI
• modified MDI which are mixtures of MDI with MDI derivatives, in particular MDI carbodiimides or MDI uretonimines or MDI urethanes known under trade names such as Desmodur ® CD, Desmodur ® PF , Desmodur ® PC (all from Bayer) ® or Isonate M 143 (Dow), as well as mixtures of MDI and MDI homologues (polymeric MDI or PMDI), available under trade names such as Desmodur ® VL, Desmodur ® VL50, Desmodur ® VL R10 , Desmodur ® VL R20, Desmodur ® VH 20 N and Desmodur ® VKS 20F (all from Bayer), Isonate ® M 309, Voranate ® M 229 and Voranate ® M 580 (all from Dow) or Lupranat ® M 10 R (ex BASF In practice, said
• polymers containing isocyanate groups preferably obtainable from the reaction of at least one polyol with at least one polyisocyanate, preference being given to polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols and polyacrylate polyols, more preferably polyether polyols, in particular polyoxypropylene polyols and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene mixed polyols, and polyester polyols.
• polycarbonate polyols in particular room temperature solid, crystalline or amorphous polyester polyols, having an average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 30 ⁇ 00 g / mol, preferably 1000 to 20 ⁇ 00 g / mol, in particular 2000 to 15 ⁇ 00 g / mol, and wherein as polyisocyanate, the diisocyanates mentioned are preferably used, preferably MDI, TDI, HDI and IPDI, in particular IPDI.
• Preferred isocyanates for the reaction with a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) are selected from the group consisting of isocyanatosilanes, diisocyanates, their oligomers and derivatives, and polymers having isocyanate groups.
• Particularly preferred isocyanates are selected from the group consisting of HDI, IPDI, MDI and TDI, and oligomers and derivatives of these isocyanates, and of these isocyanates derived isocyanate group-containing polymers.
• a particularly preferred silane-functional compound having at least one silane group of the formula (V) is a silane-functional polymer which is advantageously usable as a binder for moisture-curing compositions. It is obtained in particular from the reaction of a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) with a polymer having isocyanate groups.
• Such a silane-functional polymer preferably has 1 to 4, particularly preferably 1 to 3, in particular 2 or 3, terminal silane groups of the formula (V). It is preferably free of isocyanate groups.
• Such a silane-functional polymer preferably has an average molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 30 ⁇ 00 g / mol, particularly preferably 2000 to 25 ⁇ 00 g / mol, in particular 3000 to 20 ⁇ 00 g / mol, most preferably 4000 to 15 ⁇ 00 g / mol.
• a preferred silane-functional polymer has a majority of polyoxyalkylene units, in particular polyoxypropylene units. Its silane groups of the formula (V) are for the most part bound to cycloaliphatic or aromatic radicals, in particular to cycloaliphatic radicals derived from IPDI. Such a polymer is particularly suitable as a constituent of room temperature applicable, elastic coatings and elastic adhesives and / or sealants.
• silane-functional polymer has a majority of polyester and / or polycarbonate units, in particular polyester units, and is solid at room temperature. Its silane groups of the formula (V) are for the most part bound to cycloaliphatic or aromatic radicals, in particular to aromatic radicals derived from MDI. Such a polymer is particularly suitable as a constituent of hot-applied adhesives, so-called hot-melt adhesives.
• Another particularly preferred silane-functional compound having at least one silane group of the formula (V) is an isocyanatosilane of the formula (VI).
• R 7 is a (p + q) -valent hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 50 C atoms, which optionally contains carbodiimide, uretdione, allophanate, uretonimine, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione, isocyanurate or urethane groups;
• p is an integer from 1 to 4.
• An isocyanatosilane of the formula (VI) is obtained in particular from the reaction of a hydroxysilane of the formula (I) with an aliphatic, arylaliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic di- and triisocyanate or an oligomer or derivatives thereof.
• (p + q) is 2 or 3.
• p and q are each 1 and R 7 is 1, 6-hexylene, 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1, 6-hexylene, 1, 3 and / or 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1, 3 and / or 1, 4-xylylene, 1, 3 and / or 1, 4-tetramethylxylylene, 4,4'- and / or 2,4'-substituted diphenylmethane, 2, 4- and / or 2,6-substituted toluene, IPDI after removal of the two isocyanate groups or the uretdione of HDI after removal of the two isocyanate groups. Of these, preferred is IPDI after removal of the two isocyanate groups.
• (p + q) is particularly preferably 3 and R 7 is HDI-biuret, HDI-isocyanurate, IPDI-isocyanurate, HDI-iminooxadiazinedione, HDI-allophanate or MDI-uretonimine in each case after removal of the three isocyanate groups.
• isocyanatosilanes are readily available, storage-stable substances.
• Particularly preferred isocyanatosilanes of the formula (VI) are selected from the group consisting of 1-oxo-1 - ((3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) amino) -2-propyl (5- isocyanato-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl) methyl) carbamate; 1-oxo-1 - ((3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) amino) -2-propyl 3,5,5-trimethyl-3- (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexylcarbamate; 1-oxo-1 - ((3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) amino) -2-propyl 4-methyl-3-isocyanato-phenylcarbamate; 1-oxo-1 - ((3- (triethoxysilyl) propyl) amino) -2-propyl 2-methyl-3-isocyan
• cycloaliphatic compounds particularly preferred are the cycloaliphatic compounds. They have particularly good storage stabilities.
• An isocyanatosilane of the formula (VI) is particularly suitable as an adhesion promoter, in particular as a constituent of a primer solution or a primer, and as an intermediate for the preparation of silane-functional polymers having at least one silane group of the formula (V).
• Particularly suitable for this purpose are isocyanatosilanes in which p and q are each 1. In particular, they can be reacted with commercially available polyols to form silane-functional polymers.
• Another object of the invention is the use of a Hydroxysi- lans of formula (I) or a silane-functional compound prepared therefrom as part of a curable Zusannnnener.
• the hydroxysilane or the silane-functional compound prepared therefrom can act in particular as drying agents and / or adhesion promoters and / or as moisture-curing binders.
• the curable composition is in particular an isocyanate group-containing polyurethane composition, an epoxy resin composition or a silane-containing composition.
• curable compositions can be used in particular as a pretreatment agent, in particular as an activator or primer, as potting compound, sealant, adhesive, coating, coating or painting in the construction and manufacturing industry, in particular as a joint sealant, parquet adhesive, assembly adhesive or hotmelt adhesive.
• the curable composition is a pretreatment agent or a coating or sealant or adhesive.
• the adhesive is in particular an elastic or a (semi) structural adhesive or a hotmelt adhesive.
• a pretreatment agent in particular a primer or activator, typically contains at least one solvent and optionally further constituents, in particular catalysts, further silanes, titanates and zirconates and optionally fillers, wetting agents, polyisocyanates, polyurethane polymers containing isocyanate and / or silane groups or epoxy resins.
• a sealant or an elastic or (semi) structural adhesive typically contains at least one moisture-curing binder, in particular an isocyanate group-containing polymer or a silane-functional polymer, and optionally further components such as in particular catalysts, fillers, plasticizers and auxiliaries, in particular thickeners.
• a hot-melt adhesive typically contains a moisture-curing polymer which is solid at room temperature and optionally other constituents such as thermoplastic resins and polymers, fillers and auxiliaries.
• the curable composition is advantageously usable for coating or bonding and / or sealing substrates such as in particular
• Metals and alloys such as aluminum, iron, steel and non-ferrous metals, as well as surface-treated metals and alloys, such as galvanized or chromium-plated metals;
• resins for example phenolic, melamine or epoxy resins, bonded wood-based materials, resin-textile composites and other so-called polymer composites;
• Plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (hard and soft PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polyester, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyester, epoxy resins , Polyurethanes (PUR), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyolefins (PO), polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), ethylene / propylene copolymers (EPM) and ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymers (EPDM), where the Plastics may preferably be surface-treated by means of plasma, corona or flames;
• CFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
• GRP Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics
• SMC Sheet Molding Compounds
• coated substrates such as powder-coated metals or alloys
• the substrates can be pretreated, for example by physical and / or chemical cleaning or by the application of an adhesion promoter, a primer solution or a primer.
• This article represents in particular a building of civil engineering or an industrial good or a consumer good.
• standard climate refers to a temperature of 23 + 1 ° C and a relative humidity of 50 + 5%.
• NK stands for "standard climate”.
• FT-IR Infrared
• GC Gas chromatograms
• Viscosities were measured on a thermostated Rheotec RC30 cone-plate viscometer (cone diameter 50 mm, cone angle 1 °, cone tip-to-plate distance 0.05 mm, shear rate 10 s -1 ).
• Example 1a N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -2-hydroxypropanamide
• the MDI polymer After 4 days in the NK, the MDI polymer was completely through-hardened. On the reference plate treated with ethanol only, the polymer could pull away from the glass surface with little effort. It did not have good adhesion to the glass. The hardened polymer could not be removed from the glass substrate on the activator-treated plate. Even after several cuts transversely to the web direction down to the glass substrate with which the polymer was cut away from the glass, and vertical pulling away the polymer sheet Hess the polymer does not dissolve from the glass surface. The hydroxysilane from example 1a in the activator had decisively improved the adhesion of the MDI polymer to glass.
• the MDI polymer used was prepared by mixing under moisture exclusion 845 g of polyol Acclaim ® 4200 N (polypropylene oxide diol having an OH number of 28.5 mg KOH / g, from Bayer) (1 and 15 g of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate MDI; Desmodur ® 44 MC L, were reacted by Bayer) by a known method at 80 ° C to form a polyurethane polymer having a titrimetrically determined free isocyanate group content of 1 .96% by weight. The product was cooled to room temperature and stored with exclusion of moisture. 3.
• the polymer In the absence of moisture, the polymer was storage stable. Was it with 2.5% by weight of Tyzor ® ibay (bis (ethylacetoacetato) -diisobutoxy-titanium (IV), by Dorf Ketal) was added and surface poured in a layer thickness of 2 to 3 mm, so it cured to within 2 weeks under standard conditions an elastic material with a dry surface.
• Tyzor ® ibay bis (ethylacetoacetato) -diisobutoxy-titanium (IV), by Dorf Ketal
• the IPDI-polyurethane polymer used was prepared by the exclusion of moisture 1000 g of polyol Acclaim ® 12200 (polyoxypropylene diol having low unsaturation, from Bayer; OH number 1 1 .0 mg KOH / g), 43.6 g of isophorone diisocyanate (Vestanat ® IPDI, Evonik) , 126.4 g Diisodecylphtha- lat (DIDP) and 0.1 g of bismuth tris (neodecanoate) (10% by weight in DIDP) were heated with constant stirring to 90 ° C and left at this temperature until the titrimetrisch determined content of free isocyanate groups a stable value of 0.63% by weight. The product was cooled to room temperature and stored with exclusion of moisture.
• polyol Acclaim ® 12200 polyoxypropylene diol having low unsaturation, from Bayer; OH number 1 1 .0 mg KOH /
• Example 13 (Preparation of a moisture-curing composition) 15.00 parts by weight (pbw) of the silane-functional polymer of Example 12 were mixed with 20:00 GT diisodecyl phthalate, 2:00 GT a Thixotroping Paste whose preparation is described below, 1 .00 GT Vinyltnethoxysilan 10.00 GT precipitated calcium carbonate (Socal ® U1 S2 from Solvay), 50.00 GT ground calcium carbonate (Omyacarb ® 5 GU from Omya) and 1 .25 GT bis (acetato ethylaceto-) -diisobutoxy-titanium (IV) (Tyzor ® ibay by Dorf ketal) in a vacuum mixer at 50 ° C is processed for 30 minutes to a homogeneous paste with exclusion of moisture and stored.
• pbw parts by weight
• the Thixotroping Paste was prepared by mixing in a vacuum mixer, 300 g of diisodecyl phthalate and 48 g of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (Desmodur ® 44 MC L, Bayer) were charged, and then gently heated with vigorous stirring, 27 g monobutyl amine were slowly added dropwise. The resulting paste was further stirred under vacuum and cooling for one hour. To determine the skinning time, a few grams of the composition were applied to cardboard in a layer thickness of about 2 mm and the time determined in normal climate until the slightest tap of the surface of the composition by means of a pipette of LDPE for the first time left no residues on the pipette.
• dumbbells with a length of 75 mm with a web length of 30 mm and a web width 4 mm punched out of the film and this according to DIN EN 53504 at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min to tensile strength (breaking strength), elongation at break and modulus of elasticity.
• the Shore A hardness was determined according to DIN 53505 on test specimens cured for 2 weeks under standard conditions.
• dumbbells As a measure of the heat resistance, a few dumbbells, or the Shore A test specimens, were subsequently stored for 2 weeks under standard conditions for 4 weeks at 100 ° C. in a convection oven and then in the same manner for tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of elasticity. or Shore A hardness, tested.
• Example 13 The moisture-curing composition of Example 13 is particularly useful as an elastic adhesive and / or sealant.

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