WO2015010171A1

WO2015010171A1 - Method for production of fuel by pyrolysis of discarded tires and/or plastics and cleaning devices, realizing the method

Info

Publication number: WO2015010171A1
Application number: PCT/BG2014/000025
Authority: WO
Inventors: Людмил ИЛИЕВ
Original assignee: Енерджи Трейд 2004 Оод.
Priority date: 2013-07-02
Filing date: 2014-07-02
Publication date: 2015-01-29
Also published as: BG111523A; BG66846B1

Abstract

The invention is related to a method of obtaining fuel, especially fuel for heating, through pyrolysis of unusable tyres and/or plastics and cleaning devices, driving the method into effect. The method basically is characterized with that, that the depositions in each of the vapor deviations (1.1) of the reactor (1) are cleaned periodically by device (4) for cleaning, and fall back into the reactor (1), and the depositions in each corresponding pipeline (2) for taking away the vapors from the reactor, periodically are cleaned by device (5) for cleaning the pipelines, mounted at the reactor (1) side, and the collected depositions fall into the absorbers (3). The devices (4) and (5) for cleaning the pipelines (2) for taking away the vapors, and for cleaning the vapor deviations (1.1) of the pyrolysis reactor (1) drive the method into effect.

Description

Method for producing fuel by pyrolyzing obsolete tires and / or plastics and purification devices implementing the method

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for the production of fuel, in particular fuel for heating (heavy fuel), by pyrolysis of obsolete tires and / or plastics (VIUSHP) and cleaning devices that implement the method.

The method and devices can be used in plants for the pyrolysis of obsolete tires and / or plastic waste.

State of the art until

Known for the existing method of producing fuel by pyrolysis of obsolete tires and / or plastics (VIUSHP) [1], which consists of the following operations:

- chopped VIUSHP (chips) are sent to the pyrolysis reactor, after they have been preheated in the range from 100 ° C to 200 ° C;

- in the reactor the process of pyrolysis of chips is carried out at temperatures of 350C ° - 55 ° C ⁰ and a pressure in the range from minus 10 mbar to atmospheric, with or without a process catalyst. At the same time, the hydrocarbon compounds in the chip evaporate and the vapors, which are a mixture of light and heavy gas fractions, together with soot absorbed by the reactor, are discharged through one or more reactor vents into the corresponding pipelines to one or more absorbers that are not connected to each other;

- the light fraction of vapors is cleaned of soot in the absorbers by continuously pouring at least one absorber baffle (filling) with circulating unfiltered condensate pumped out from the intermediate tank and passing through the filling (filling) for condensation into the heat exchanger for the light fraction and then condensed enters the intermediate reservoir;

- at the same time as cleaning the light vapor fraction, the condensation of the heavy fraction is carried out in each absorber, after which its condensate mixed with the circulation condensate coming from pouring the filling is cooled by passing through the heat exchanger for the heavy fraction and gets into the intermediate tank without filtration; - when the intermediate tank is full, the condensate in it, as a semi-finished fuel, is discharged for filtration, after which the fuel suitable for use is obtained, which goes to the warehouse.

- the process is repeated until the final blockage of pipelines, absorbers or heat exchangers;

- suspend work for cleaning.

There is no information about devices for partial or complete purification of the pyrolysis installation, in particular, devices for cleaning pipelines for removing vapors from the pyrolysis reactor and for local cleaning of its steam outlets.

This well-known method cannot ensure the long-term operation of the installation due to soot deposits and subsequent clogging of reactor steam vents, pipelines for venting vapors and pipe heat exchangers, clogging of the filling of absorbers, and also because of sedimentation (accumulation) of sediment in the intermediate tank (tank). The required process time cannot be reached and there are frequent stops for cleaning. The quality of the resulting fuel for heating is not good enough or difficult to achieve after a separate filtering of the fuel from soot.

When clogging pipelines and absorbers, the vacuum in the reactor drops and the exhaustion of hydrocarbon vapors decreases, which leads to an incorrect pyrolysis process, as well as to the creation of explosive conditions in the reactor.

The technical essence of the invention

The objective of the invention is to create a method for the uninterrupted production of fuel for heating (heavy fuel) by pyrolysis of VIUSHP and purification devices that implement the method by which to eliminate clogging and significantly reduce the deposition of sediments in the nodes of the pyrolysis installation. Thus, to optimize and facilitate the production of such fuel, and the process will be further automated.

The tasks are solved using the proposed method and two cleaning devices that implement it.

The method according to the invention consists of the following operations:

- chopped VIUSHP (chips) are sent to the pyrolysis reactor, after they have been preheated in the range from 100 ° C to 200 ° C; - the chip is pyrolyzed in the reactor at temperatures of 350 ° C - 550 ° C and pressure in the range from minus 10 mbar to atmospheric, with or without catalysis a process mountain. At the same time, the hydrocarbon compounds in the chip evaporate and the vapors, which are a mixture of light and heavy gas fractions, together with the soot absorbed by the rector, are discharged through one or more reactor discharge pipes into the corresponding pipelines, to one or more absorbers that are not connected to each other;

- deposits in each of the steam outlets of the reactor are periodically cleaned by a purification device and fall back into the reactor, and deposits in each of the corresponding pipelines for venting vapors from the reactor periodically clean the piping cleaning device installed on the side of the reactor. In this case, the separated deposits fall into the absorbers;

- the light fraction of vapors is cleaned of soot in the absorbers by continuously pouring at least one absorber baffle (filling) with circulating filtered condensate pumped out from the intermediate tank (tank) and passing through the filling (filling), it is supplied for condensation to the light fraction heat exchanger, after which the already condensed enters the intermediate tank;

- simultaneously with the cleaning of the light vapor fraction, in each absorber, the condensation of the heavy fraction is carried out, after which its condensate mixed with the circulation condensate from pouring the filling (filling) and with the deposits obtained when cleaning the pipeline, filter up to 40 microns minimum and up to 200 microns maximum, cooled by passing through the heat exchanger for the heavy fraction and into the intermediate tank;

- when the intermediate tank is full, the condensate in it is pumped out as fuel. if necessary, additionally filtered with a finnish filter and goes to the warehouse;

- the cycle repeats.

One of the cleaning devices is a device for cleaning pipelines for the removal of vapors, which consists of a housing in the front of which a flange is fixedly fixed with a central hole and possibly with a drive sleeve, and at its rear end there is a casing with a stand mounted on it the rear end of the drive transmission wheel, with the possibility of moving the rack relative to the housing and placed, and driven in it, and in the drive sleeve or in the hole of the flange, the rod passing through the Central hole of the flange. A disk-shaped brush is installed in the front of the shaft, with a diameter not larger than the diameter of the cleaning pipe, and at the rear end with using the lock mounted transmission element of the transmission driven by a controlled engine through the drive wheel.

The second of the cleaning devices is a device for cleaning the pyrolysis reactor steam vents, which consists of a base on which a pneumatic or hydraulic drive cylinder is installed using a rack, to the piston of which a rod passing through the reactor steam vent cover is mounted. A disk-shaped brush is installed in its front part, with a diameter not exceeding the diameter of the reactor steam outlet.

As an embodiment of the device for cleaning the steam outlets of the pyrolysis reactor, it is possible to drive the rod in the same way as in the device for cleaning pipelines.

The proposed method and cleaning devices achieve the elimination of clogging and a significant reduction in sediment deposition in the nodes of the pyrolysis plant, which ensures its continuous operation, increases the reliability, automation and efficiency of the process, optimizes and facilitates the production of fuel and reduces its cost.

Explanations for the attached figures

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an installation for producing fuel in accordance with the proposed method, as part of a pyrolysis installation;

Fig. 2 is a wiring diagram of cleaning devices implementing the method;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal partial section through a device for cleaning pipelines;

Fig. 4 - section along AA with Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal partial sectional view of a device for cleaning steam outlets of a pyrolysis reactor.

Examples of the invention

Exemplary implementations of the method and devices have been developed, which are described below and which do not limit it to the above examples only.

Example 1:

A method has been created for the production of fuel for heating (Fig. 1), which includes:

- chopped VIUSHP (chips) are sent to the pyrolysis reactor 1, after they have been preheated in the range from 100 ° C to 200 ° C; - in the reactor 1, the process of pyrolysis of the chip is carried out at temperatures of 350C ° - 550C ° and a pressure in the range from minus 10 mbar to atmospheric, with or without a process catalyst. In this case, the hydrocarbon compounds in the chip evaporate and the vapors, which are a mixture of light and heavy gas fractions, together with the soot absorbed by the reactor 1, are discharged through the steam outlet 1.1 of the reactor 1 and through the pipe 2 to the absorber 3;

- deposits in the steam outlet 1.1 of the reactor 1. are cleaned periodically by the cleaning device 4, and the same deposits are returned to the reactor 1, and deposits in the pipe 2 for exhausting the vapors from the reactor 1 are periodically cleaned along their entire length by the pipe cleaning device 5, which is installed from the side of the reactor and the separated deposits fall into the absorber 3;

- the light fraction of vapors is cleaned of soot in the absorber 3, by continuously pouring at least one absorber baffle (filling) 3.1 with circulating filtered condensate pumped out from the intermediate tank 10 and passing through the filling (filling) 3.1 is introduced for condensation into the heat exchanger for light fraction 6 , after which it has already condensed, enters the intermediate reservoir 10;

- simultaneously with the cleaning of the light vapor fraction in the absorber 3, condensation of the heavy fraction occurs, after which its condensate mixed with the circulating condensate from pouring the filling (filling) and with the deposits obtained during the cleaning of the pipeline is filtered using a self-cleaning filter up to 50 μm supplied by the pump 8 is cooled by passing through a heat exchanger for the heavy fraction 9 and enters the intermediate tank 10.

- when the intermediate tank 10 is full, the condensate in it is pumped out as fuel, if necessary, it is additionally filtered with a finnish filter and goes to the warehouse.

- the cycle repeats.

Example 2:

A method has been created for the production of fuel for heating, in which, unlike the method described in example 1, reactor 1 has more than one steam outlet 1.1 and vapors from it are discharged through steam outlets 1.1 into their corresponding pipelines 2, through which the vapor pipelines are fed into the corresponding absorbers 3 The light and heavy fractions are processed in parallel, similarly to example 1, in each of the absorbers 3 to which are connected a corresponding heat exchanger for light fraction 6 and through a filter 7, and pump 8 is a heat exchanger for heavy fraction 9. Output t ploobmennikov 6 and 9 is connected to the input of one or more intermediate tanks 10. Example 3:

A method has been developed for the production of fuel for heating, similar to the methods described in examples 1 and 2, in which the pyrolysis process occurs at temperatures of 400 ° C ⁰ - 500 ° C and continuous filtration up to 50 microns, up to 100 microns or up to 150 microns.

Example 4:

A device has been created for cleaning pipelines for the removal of vapors 5 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which consists of a housing 5.1, in the front of which a flange 5.2 with a central hole 5.2.1 and a drive sleeve 5.2.2 is fixed, and at its rear end - a casing 5.3 with a chain gear 5.5.1 mounted on the upright 5.4 at its rear end 5.5, with the possibility of moving the upright 5.4 relative to the casing 5.3 and the rod 5.6 placed through and in the sleeve 5.2.2 through the central hole 5.2 .one. A brush in the form of a disk 5.7 is installed in the front of the rod 5.6, with a diameter not larger than the diameter of the cleaning pipe 2, and at its rear end with the help of a latch 5.5.3, a transmission 5.5.2 chain is connected to 5.5 driven by a controlled engine 5.8 through a drive wheel 5.5.4 .

Example 5:

A device has also been developed for cleaning pipelines for the removal of vapors 5, in which, unlike the device described in Example 4, the pin 5.6 is guided only into the casing 5.3 or into the casing 5.3 and into the hole 5.2.1 of flange 5.2, without the drive bush, and the gear 5.5 driven by a controlled gear motor.

Example 6:

A device has been created for cleaning the steam outlets of the pyrolysis reactor 4 (Fig. 5), consisting of a base 4.1, to which, using a stand 4.2, a pneumatic or hydraulic drive cylinder 4.3 is installed, to the piston of which 4.3.1 a rod 4.4 is mounted, which passes tightly through the cover 1.1.1 steam 1.1 of the reactor 1, and in front of it is installed a brush 4.5 in the form of a disk, with a diameter not exceeding the diameter of the steam 1.1 of the reactor 1.

Example 7:

A device has also been developed for cleaning the steam outlets of the pyrolysis reactor 4. in which the rod is driven in the same way as in the device for cleaning pipelines. Method for Using the Invention

The use of the method according to the invention is practically described in its description above and in the examples presented.

In addition, it should be pointed out that the inclusion of cleaning devices can be automated, at a predetermined time interval, or the installation operator can turn on the same devices after a certain period of time.

Deposits are sucked out from the absorbers and are constantly directed to the filter 7 using the pump 8 (Fig. 1). This ensures the purity of the circulation condensate up to 40 microns minimum and up to 200 microns maximum, which in turn allows the absorbers 3 and the installation as a whole to work in optimal mode.

The specific temperature and setting in the reactor is determined by the specific composition of the chip.

Devices work as follows:

A device for automatic cleaning of pipelines 5 is installed using its flange 5.2. to steam outlet 1.1 coaxially with pipeline 2 for the removal of hot vapors from reactor 1. When the device is automatically turned on or when the operator turns it on for a certain period of time, the controlled motor 5.8, most often the gear motor with the control unit, drives gear 5.5. In turn, rod 5.6 with a brush 5.7 moves along the pipe 2 and cleans it from the inside, and the separated deposits fall into the absorber 3. Using tracking sensors or limit switches, when the brush 5.7 reaches the end of pipe 2, the direction of movement changes and the rod 5.6 s Brush 5.7 is returned to its original position. The next cycle is expected.

the length of the rod is determined by the length of the corresponding pipeline.

A device for cleaning the steam outlets of the pyrolysis reactor 4 is installed on the cover 1 .1 .1 coaxially to the steam outlet 1.1 of the reactor 1. When the device is automatically turned on or the device is turned on by the operator for a certain period of time, a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 4.3 is triggered, which pulls the rod 4.4 downward with brush 4.5 and it moves inside the steam vent 1 .1 of reactor I, and cleans the deposits in it. Separated deposits fall back Upon reaching the end of the stroke of the piston of the pneumatic cylinder and, accordingly, the bottom of the steam outlet 1.1 with a brush, cylinder 4.3 returns the rod 4.4 and, accordingly, the brush 4.5 to its original position. The next cycle is expected.

Cleaning is synchronized so that the operation of one cleaning device does not interfere with the operation of another.

In addition to the production of fuel from VIUSHP, in the process of pyrolysis, carbon black is emitted with an ash content of 10 to 30% and scrap metal, the receipt of which and its processing, are not the subject of the proposed method.

Literature:

1. Proprietary schematic diagram of a plant for the production of fuel by pyrolysis of obsolete tires and / or plastics, before the introduction of a new solution in ENERGY-TRADE 2004, LLC, Vidin;

2. Patent JP 4644172 (B2) (publication JP 2008069191).

Claims

Patent claims

1. The method of obtaining fuel by pyrolysis of obsolete tires and / or plastics (VIUSHP), including the following operations:

- chopped VIUSHP (chips) are sent to the pyrolysis reactor, after they are preheated in the range from 100 ° C to 200 ° C;

- in the reactor, the process of pyrolysis of chips is carried out at temperatures of 350 ° C - 550 ° C and a pressure in the range from minus 10 mbar to atmospheric, with or without a process catalyst. In this case, the hydrocarbon compounds in the chip evaporate and the vapors, which are a mixture of light and heavy gas fractions, together with the soot absorbed by the rector, are discharged through one or more reactor vents into the corresponding pipelines to one or more absorbers that are not connected to each other;

- the light fraction of vapors is cleaned of soot in the absorbers, by continuously pouring at least one absorber baffle (filling) with circulating condensate pumped out from the intermediate tank and passing through the filling (filling), it is introduced for condensation into the heat exchanger for the light fraction, after which it has already condensed enters the intermediate reservoir;

- simultaneously with the cleaning of the light vapor fraction, the condensation of the heavy fraction is carried out in each absorber, after which its condensate, mixed with the circulation condensate coming from pouring the filling (filling), is cooled by passing through the heat exchanger for the heavy fraction and gets into the intermediate tank without filtration, which characterized in that:

- deposits in each of the steam outlets of the reactor (1) are periodically cleaned by a cleaning device, and the same deposits fall back into the reactor (1), and deposits in each respective pipe to remove vapors from the reactor are periodically cleaned by a pipe cleaning device (2), which is installed on the side of the reactor and the separated deposits fall into the absorbers (3);

- the light fraction of the vapor is cleaned of soot in the absorbers by continuously pouring at least one absorber septum (filling) with circulating filtered condensate;

- simultaneously with the cleaning of the light vapor fraction, the condensation of the heavy fraction is carried out in each absorber, after which its condensate mixed with the circulating condensate coming from pouring the filling (filling) and with the deposits obtained when cleaning the pipeline is filtered through a filter (7) up to 40 microns minimum and up to 200 μm maximum, it is cooled by passing through the heat exchanger for the heavy fraction (9) and enters the intermediate tank (10), and - when the intermediate tank (10) is full, the condensate in it is pumped out as fuel, if necessary, it is additionally filtered with a finnish filter and goes to the warehouse.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor (1) has more than one steam outlet (1.1) and vapors from it are discharged through the steam branches (1.1) to the corresponding pipelines (2). through which the pairs are fed into the corresponding absorbers (3), the light and heavy fractions are processed in parallel in each of the absorbers (3), to which the corresponding heat exchanger for the light fraction (6) is connected and through the filter (7) and the pump (8) - the heat exchanger for heavy fraction (9), and the output of the heat exchangers (6) and (9) is connected to the input of one or more intermediate tanks (10).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pyrolysis process occurs at temperatures of 400C ° - 500C ° and with constant filtering up to 50 microns, up to 100 microns or up to 150 microns.

4. A device for cleaning pipelines for the removal of vapors consisting of a housing (5.1), in the front of which a flange (5.2) is fixed with a central hole (5.2.1) and a drive sleeve (5.2.2), and a casing at its rear end ( 5.3) with a chain gear (5.5.1) mounted on a strut (5.4) at its rear end with a chain transmission (5.5), with the possibility of moving the strut (5.4) relative to the housing (5.3) and placed and driven in it and in the sleeve (5.2.2) the rod (5.6) passing through the central hole (5.2.1). In the front part of the shaft (5.6), a disk-shaped brush (5.7) is installed with a diameter of not more than the diameter of the cleaning pipe (2), and a transmission chain (5.5.2) (5.5.5) is attached using its lock (5.5.3) to its rear end ), driven by a controlled engine (5.8) through the drive wheel (5.5.4).

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the rod (5.6) is guided only into the casing (5.3) or into the casing (5.3) and into the hole (5.2.1) on the flange (5.2), without the drive bush, and the gear (5.5) is driven by a controlled gear motor.

6. A device for cleaning the steam outlets of a pyrolysis reactor, consisting of a base (4.1) to which a pneumatic or hydraulic drive cylinder (4.3) is installed using a stand (4.2), to the piston of which (4.3.1) a rod (4.4) is mounted, which passes tightly through the cover (1.1.1) of the steam outlet (1.1) of the reactor (1), and in its front part a brush (4.5) is installed in the form of a disk, with a diameter not larger than the diameter of the steam outlet (1.1) of the reactor (1).

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the rod (4.4) is driven in the same way as in the device for cleaning pipelines.