WO2015010084A1 - Dosage colorimétrique d'acide phytique - Google Patents
Dosage colorimétrique d'acide phytique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015010084A1 WO2015010084A1 PCT/US2014/047290 US2014047290W WO2015010084A1 WO 2015010084 A1 WO2015010084 A1 WO 2015010084A1 US 2014047290 W US2014047290 W US 2014047290W WO 2015010084 A1 WO2015010084 A1 WO 2015010084A1
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- Prior art keywords
- phytic acid
- composition
- solution
- another embodiment
- acid
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/117—Esters of phosphoric acids with cycloaliphatic alcohols
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N33/02—Food
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/18—Water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/493—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material urine
Definitions
- This invention is directed to methods of chemical testing or analysis.
- An embodiment of the invention relates to phytic acid assays.
- An embodiment of this invention is to provide a colorimetric assay for the quantification of phytic acid.
- the phytic acid assay can be used in the field as a testing kit.
- the testing kit comprises a color guide for identifying the amount of phytic acid in the composition being tested.
- the phytic acid content is used to determine a phytase dosage.
- the phytase is added to an animal feed or supplement, food or dietary supplement for human consumption, a urine sample, soil sample, waste sample, grain, cereal, soybeans, plants, dough, a liquid sample, an oil sample, a fermentation sample, or an industrial process such as ethanol production.
- Feed stocks which are the raw ingredients of the animal feed, come from a variety of sources including: plants; animals; edible by-products; and additives, such as vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and other nutrients (SAPKOTA; Environ Health Perspect. 2007 May; 115(5): 663- 670).
- SAPKOTA Environ Health Perspect. 2007 May; 115(5): 663- 670.
- Phytic acid also known as phytate, myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5,6) hexakisphosphate, or IP6; is known to be present in plant seeds, roots, tubers, and in animal feed products having plant parts.
- Plant based food and feed products such as: wheat, barley, triticale, rye, corn, sorghum soybean meal, and canola meal all contain phytic acid.
- Phytic acid is known to bind or chelate ions such as iron, calcium, zinc, potassium, and/or magnesium. Chelating of phytate and metal ions is known to decrease the nutritional value of the food or feed.
- Phytase is often added to the food or feed in order break down the phytate and improve digestibility of beneficial nutrients that improve the health and growth of animals.
- Animal feed additives such as enzymes, are designed to increase the nutritional value of the feed by releasing nutrients and allowing increased absorption of essential vitamins and minerals in the animal, which in turn, enhances animal product yield, while reducing harmful materials in animal waste.
- Enzymes used as additives in the manufacturing of food and feed include, but are not limited to: a phytase, cellulase, lactase, lipase, protease, catalase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, mannanase, amylase, amidase, epoxide hydrolase, esterase, phospholipase, transaminase, amine oxidase, cellobiohydrolase, ammonia lyase, or any combination thereof.
- a variety of animals can benefit from animal feed containing an enzyme including: non- ruminant animals, e.g. poultry, broilers, birds, chickens, layers, turkeys, ducks, geese, and fowl; ruminant animals e.g. cows, cattle, horses, and sheep; pigs, swine, piglets, growing pigs, and sows; companion animals including but not limited to: cats, dogs, rodents, and rabbits; fish including but not limited to salmon, trout, tilapia, catfish and carp; and crustaceans including but not limited to shrimp and prawn.
- non- ruminant animals e.g. poultry, broilers, birds, chickens, layers, turkeys, ducks, geese, and fowl
- ruminant animals e.g. cows, cattle, horses, and sheep
- pigs, swine, piglets growing pigs, and sows
- companion animals including but not limited to
- An embodiment of this invention is to provide an assay for the quantification of phytic acid at high pH in a solution.
- the phytic acid assay can be used in the field as a testing kit.
- the testing kit comprises a color guide for identifying the amount of phytic acid in the composition being tested.
- phytic acid is measured in a composition such as an animal feed or supplement, food or dietary supplement for human consumption a baking product (dough), urine, waste, soybeans, or any composition comprising phytate.
- Methods of detecting phytic acid content for breeding and genetic studies of soybeans was determined by comparison study of different methods including: a modified colorimetric (Wade Reagent) method, an Anion Exchange Column Method (AEC); a High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis (HPLC); and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis (NMR).
- a modified colorimetric (Wade Reagent) method an Anion Exchange Column Method (AEC); a High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis (HPLC); and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis (NMR).
- AEC Anion Exchange Column Method
- HPLC High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis
- NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis
- the colorimetric phytic acid assay can be used to test a plant sample, such as a wheat, barley, triticale, rye,
- Industrial processes such as ethanol production or oilseed processing, are known to use a variety of feedstocks having phytic acid such as grains, cellulosic material, or oilseeds.
- Phytic acid is known to create sludge know as scale or fouling that can damage industrial production equipment or reduce performance of the facility.
- the colorimetric phytic acid assay can be used to test a sample from the industry production facility and used to determine the amount of phytase that needs to be added to the process in order to remove the phytic acid.
- the sample can be from any step in the ethanol production process including but not limited to: storage, milling, slurry tanks, liquefaction, fermentation, distillation, dehydration or evaporation, holding tanks, separation, thin stillage, or co-products.
- Ethanol known to be used in a variety of products such as: fuel ethanol, beverages, distilled spirits, alcohol, personal care products, pharmaceutical industry, cleaning products, or food products such as extracts, and flavorings.
- Co-products from ethanol production and oilseed processing include distillers grain such as dried distillers grain (DDG), wet distillers grain (WDG), dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS).
- Distillers grain is used for high quality feedstuff for animals such as cattle, swine, poultry, and aquaculture.
- Distillers grain is known to contain phytic acid, which as mentioned above, is known to decrease the nutritional value of the feed.
- the colorimetric phytic acid assay can be used to test distillers grains and used to determine the amount of phytase that needs to be added in improve the nutritional value of the feed.
- Figure 1 Shows a comparison of phytic acid content from sample A, which was an HC1 extraction and Sample B, which was a water extraction.
- the samples were analyzed for Phytic Acid content using three different methods: ICP, HPLC, and the SSA colorimetric phytic acid method of this invention (the colorimetric suspensions were also analyzed using ICP).
- Figure 2 Shows an ICP measurement comparison of Phytic Acid standards put through the Sulfosalicylic Acid method of the invention (PA std in SSA Iron/Phytate Pellet and re- suspended) and PA std in 1NHCL without Sulfosalicylic Acid.
- the figure shows the same amount of phosphorus is measured in the colorimetric re-suspension samples from the Sulfosalicylic Acid method of the invention as in the phytic acid standard from which the colorimetric samples were derived.
- Figure 3 Shows a color guide for the visual inspection for a yellow color having low amounts of phytate in the range from about O.lmM to about 0.75mM; an orange color for modest amounts phytic acid in the range from about l .OmM to about 5.0mM or a red color for large amounts phytic acid in the range from about 6.0mM to about 8.0mM.
- an "enzyme” as used herein refers to at least any enzyme that can be used as an additive for animal feed or supplement or food or dietary supplement for human consumption.
- enzymes useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to: a phytase, lactase, lipase, protease, catalase, xylanase, cellulase, glucanase, mannanase, amylase, amidase, epoxide hydrolase, esterase, phospholipase, transaminase, amine oxidase, cellobiohydrolase, ammonia lyase, or any combination thereof.
- a "phytase” is an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of one or more phosphate groups from a phytate substrate.
- a phytase is a phosphoric monoester hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate) to phosphate and myo-inositol having fewer than six phosphate groups.
- a phytase may be described in a variety of names and identifying numbers.
- a phytase is characterized as having Enzyme Commission (EC) number EC 3.1.3.8, and are also referred to as: 1 -phytase; myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase; phytate 1 -phosphatase; phytate 3 -phosphatase; or phytate 6-phosphatase.
- EC Enzyme Commission
- a phytase is characterized as EC 3.1.3.26, also referred to as: 4-phytase; 6-phytase (name based on lL-numbering system and not ID-numbering); or phytate 6-phosphatase.
- a phytase is characterized as EC 3.1.3.72, also referred to as 5-phytase.
- a phytase is a histidine acid phosphatase (HAP); a ⁇ -propeller phytase; purple acid phosphatase (PAP); and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs).
- HAP histidine acid phosphatase
- PAP purple acid phosphatase
- PTPs protein tyrosine phosphatase
- a phytase is described using nomenclature know in the art.
- the invention is a colorimetric assay for the quantification of phytic acid which can be used in the field as a testing kit with a color guide.
- the industry standard methods for phytic acid detection are indirect methods based on measuring the excess iron remaining from the covalent binding of iron to phytic acid.
- the indirect methods add a known amount of iron to phytic acid; the phytic acid will bind a portion of the iron; and the remaining unbound or excess iron is measured.
- the amount of iron bound by phytic acid can be then be calculated by subtracting the remaining unbound or excess iron from the known amount.
- the indirect methods are simplified by precipitating and then re-solubilizing phytic acid (and the iron bound to the phytic acid) and directly measuring the amount of iron bound to the phytic acid, rather than measuring the amount of excess iron remaining after the reaction.
- the phytic acid iron complex is in a solution and the color of the solution correlates to the concentration of phytic acid in solution. In another embodiment the concentration is used to determine a dosage of phytase that should be added to a composition comprising phytic acid.
- phytic acid phytate
- an embodiment of this invention uses Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) to solubilize the iron-phytate pellet into solution for analysis.
- the instant assay uses Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to solubilize the iron-phytate pellet into solution for analysis.
- the process can detect phytate levels from about O.lmM to about 8.0mM.
- Phytate is a chelator which binds minerals such as iron; therefore, it can be precipitated out of a solution with the addition of iron.
- Sulfosalicylic Acid (SSA) is also a chelator of minerals. Sulfosalicylic Acid will bind iron molecules at varying amounts based on the pH value. Methods known in the art, use Sulfosalicylic Acid that will bind one molecule of iron from phytic acid at pH ⁇ 4 for very small concentrations of phytic acid. However, an embodiment of this invention tests phytic acid for higher concentrations at a pH >4. In one embodiment the pH is a high pH such as pH6, pH7, pH 8, pH9, pHIO, pHl l, or pH12.
- Sulfosalicylic Acid will strongly bind two or three molecules of iron from phytic acid which allows the phytic acid to solubilize in a solution.
- a solution Using .5M SSA with 20mM methylpiperazine pH 10 using Sodium Hydroxide (or an alternate buffer solution such as: Phosphoric acid (H3P04), tris-HCl (trisaminomethane ((HOCH2)3CNH2)), bis-tris (2-[Bisamino]-2 ⁇ l,3-propanediol), propane (C3H8), boric acid, ammonia, carbonate, glycine, CAPS, CAPSO, at or above: pH 8, pH 9, pHIO, pHl l, pH12), the iron-phytate pellet will solubilize.
- Phosphoric acid H3P04
- tris-HCl trisaminomethane ((HOCH2)3CNH2)
- the amount of phytate present will be measured on a color development scale in shades of red (yellow for low amounts of phytate from about O. lmM to about 0.75mM; orange for modest amounts of phytate from about l .OmM to about 5.0mM; and red for high amounts of phytate from about 6.0mM to about 8.0mM).
- the method for quantitating phytic acid would be detection within a range from about 485 nm to about 545 nm using a spectrophotometer (cuvette or plate based format).
- the method for detecting an amount of phytic acid in a composition comprises: (a) providing a composition having phytic acid; (b) combining the composition of (a) with an iron solution; (c) separating out a precipitate from (b); (d) adding a wash solution to the precipitate of (c); (e) separating out a second precipitate from (d); (f) adding a sulfosalicylic acid and a buffer solution at a pH from 6 to 12 to the second precipitate of (e); (g) detecting an absorbance of the solution of (f) and comparing the solution to a standard phytic acid sample.
- the method for detecting an amount of phytic acid in a composition comprises: (a) providing a composition having phytic acid; (b) combining the composition of (a) with an iron solution; (c) separating out a precipitate from (b); (d) adding a wash solution to the precipitate of (c); (e) separating out a second precipitate from (d); (f) adding a second wash solution to the second precipitate from (e); (g) separating out a third precipitate from (f); (h) adding a sulfosalicylic acid and a buffer solution at a pH from 6 to 12 to the third precipitate of (g); (g) detecting an absorbance of the solution of (h) and comparing the solution to a standard phytic acid sample.
- the method for detecting an amount of phytic acid in a composition can be done in a different order than the order listed above.
- the composition having phytic acid can be combined with the iron solution in a single step.
- the separation of solution and the precipitate can be with centrifuge, a filtration, or other methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the composition having phytic acid is an animal feed or supplement, food or dietary supplement for human consumption; urine, soil sample, waste sample, grain, cereal, soybeans, plants, dough, a liquid sample, a sample from an industrial process, a distillers grain, and/or any combination thereof.
- the phytic acid is being measured in an ethanol processing facility.
- the ethanol is produced using lignocellulose material.
- the grain, starch, or lignocellulosic material is a composition comprising phytic acid.
- the iron solution is a composition comprising: FeC13 (Iron (III) Chloride), H20 (water), and HCl (Hydrochloric acid).
- the FeC13 is within a range of from about 0.2% to about 1.0%.
- the FeC13 is 0.4%.
- the iron solution comprises HCl within a range from about 0.167M 0.5 to about 1.0M.
- the HCl is 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M, 0.6M, 0.7M, 0.8M, 0.9M, 1.0M, or anywhere within the range from about 0.1M to about 1.0M.
- the wash solution 1 is a composition comprising: HCl and Na2S04 (sodium sulfate).
- the HCl in wash solution 1 is within a range from about 0.1M to about 1.0M.
- the HCl in wash solution 1 is 0.167M.
- the Na2S04 in wash solution 1 is within a range from about 1.2% to about 10%.
- the Na2S04 in wash solution 1 is 4%.
- the wash solution 2 is a composition comprising: HCl in deionized water.
- the HCl in wash solution 2 is within a range from about 0.1 to about 1M.
- the HCl in wash solution 2 is 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M, 0.6M, 0.7M, 0.8M, 0.9M, or 1.0M.
- the sulfosalicylic acid solution is a composition comprising: sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and 1-methylpiperazine.
- SSA sulfosalicylic acid
- 1-methylpiperazine sulfosalicylic acid
- the sulfosalicylic acid in the sulfosalicylic acid solution is within a range from about 0.1M to about 1.0M.
- the sulfosalicylic acid in the sulfosalicylic acid solution is 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M, 0.6M, 0.7M, 0.8M, 0.9M, or l .OM.
- the 1-methylpiperazine in the sulfosalicylic acid solution is within a range from 0.01M to 0.2M. In another embodiment, the 1- methylpiperazine is 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M, 0.6M, 0.7M, 0.8M, 0.9M, or l .OM. In another embodiment pH of the sulfosalicylic acid solution is within a range from about pH 6 to about pH 12. In another embodiment, the pH of the sulfosalicylic acid solution is pH 8, pH 9, pH 10, pH 11, or pH 12. In another embodiment, the pH of the sulfosalicylic acid solution is adjusted with NaOH, wherein the adjustment is within the range from about 0.1M to about 2.0M.
- the absorbance is measured using a visual inspection, a spectrophotometer, a color guide, or other methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the visual inspection is yellow color for low amounts of phytate in the range from about O.lmM to about 0.75mM.
- visual inspection is an orange color for modest amounts phytic acid in the range from about 0.76mM to about 5.0mM.
- visual inspection is red color for large amounts phytic acid in the range from about 5.1mM to about 8.0mM.
- the color scale is on a card, or electronic device, wherein the color scale describes the concentration of phytic acid in solution.
- the concentration of phytic acid is used to determine a dosage of phytase.
- the phytase is added to an animal feed or supplement, food or dietary supplement for human consumption, a urine sample, soil sample, waste sample, grain, cereal, soybeans, plants, dough, a liquid sample, an oil sample, a fermentation sample, or an industrial process such as ethanol production
- Reagents & Materials 1 Normal Hydrochloric Acid (Fischer Chemical Cat.# UNI 789); Sodium Sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich Cat.# S6547); 5 -Sulfosalicylic Acid (Sigma-Aldrich Cat.# 390275); Iron III Chloride Hexahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich Cat.# 236489); Phytic Acid Dodecasodium Salt Hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich Cat.# P0109); 15 mL polypropylene conical tube (BD Falcon, 17 x 120 mm style); 50 mL polypropylene conical tube (BD Falcon, 30 x 115 mm style); 1.7 mL Eppendorf tube (National Scientific Cat.#CN1700-BP); and NaOH (Sigma- Aldrich Cat.# S5881).
- 1-methylpiperazine Sigma-Aldrich Cat.#130001
- Solution #1 0.167M HC1 + 4% Na2S04; Wash Solution #2: 0.5M HC1 in deionized H 2 0; Sulfosalicylic Acid Solution: 0.5M Sulfosalicylic Acid in 20mM 1-methylpiperazine pH to 0.5 with NaOH; Phytic Acid Standard in IN HC1 at the following concentrations: 0.125mM, 0.25mM, 0.5mM, lmM, 2mM, and 4mM.
- ICP Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy
- Example 2 Method of Detecting Phytic acid in a composition comprising phytic acid
- Wash Solution #1 Resuspend the iron-phytate pellet in 1 mL of Wash Solution #1 using pipette. Mix at 37°C for 10 minutes.
- Wash solution #1 can be vortexed (mixed) and allowed to sit for lOmin; or it can be done at room temp. Centrifuge for 2 minutes at 6000rpm. Pull off and discard supernatant.
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Abstract
Cette invention concerne des procédés de test ou d'analyse chimique de l'acide phytique. Une réalisation de l'invention concerne des dosages de l'acide phytique. Une réalisation de cette invention concerne un dosage colorimétrique pour la quantification de l'acide phytique. Selon une autre réalisation, le dosage d'acide phytique peut être utilisé in situ comme kit de test. Selon une autre réalisation, le kit de test comprend un guide de couleur pour identifier la quantité d'acide phytique dans la composition à tester. Selon une autre réalisation, la concentration de l'acide phytique est utilisée pour déterminer un dosage de phytase de la composition comprenant l'acide phytique.
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GB1317332.3A GB2516702B (en) | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-01 | Colorimetric Phytic Acid Assay |
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CN109975237A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-07-05 | 浙江大学 | 快速测定水稻精米粉植酸的方法 |
WO2019217790A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | Premex, Inc. | Procédé de quantification de chélates d'acides aminés métalliques dans des solutions et des solides |
CN112326848A (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-05 | 杭州师范大学 | 一种基于三甲基硅基重氮甲烷甲酯化植酸分析方法 |
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CN106338511A (zh) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-01-18 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | 一种自动试验变压器用绝缘纸酸值装置及方法 |
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US6217851B1 (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 2001-04-17 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Anti-caries oral compositions |
US20050100653A1 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 2005-05-12 | Ming-Tang Chang | Animal feed with low phytic acid, oil burdened and protein laden grain |
US20060143728A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2006-06-29 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Maize multidrug resistance-associated protein polynucleotides and methods of use |
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CN102033011A (zh) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-04-27 | 河北农业大学 | 一种土壤植酸提取液及其应用 |
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US6217851B1 (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 2001-04-17 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Anti-caries oral compositions |
US20050100653A1 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 2005-05-12 | Ming-Tang Chang | Animal feed with low phytic acid, oil burdened and protein laden grain |
US20060143728A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2006-06-29 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Maize multidrug resistance-associated protein polynucleotides and methods of use |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019217790A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | Premex, Inc. | Procédé de quantification de chélates d'acides aminés métalliques dans des solutions et des solides |
US11499952B2 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2022-11-15 | Premex, Inc. | Process for quantification of metal amino acid chelates in solutions and solids |
CN109975237A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-07-05 | 浙江大学 | 快速测定水稻精米粉植酸的方法 |
CN112326848A (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-05 | 杭州师范大学 | 一种基于三甲基硅基重氮甲烷甲酯化植酸分析方法 |
CN112326848B (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-11-29 | 杭州师范大学 | 一种基于三甲基硅基重氮甲烷甲酯化植酸分析方法 |
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