WO2015007167A1 - 应用于主动噪声消除anr耳机的啸叫抑制方法和装置 - Google Patents

应用于主动噪声消除anr耳机的啸叫抑制方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015007167A1
WO2015007167A1 PCT/CN2014/081662 CN2014081662W WO2015007167A1 WO 2015007167 A1 WO2015007167 A1 WO 2015007167A1 CN 2014081662 W CN2014081662 W CN 2014081662W WO 2015007167 A1 WO2015007167 A1 WO 2015007167A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microphone
howling
state
anr
transfer function
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/081662
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘崧
楼厦厦
王福钋
Original Assignee
歌尔声学股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔声学股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔声学股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020157035869A priority Critical patent/KR101725710B1/ko
Priority to DK14827033.3T priority patent/DK2999234T3/da
Priority to US14/901,555 priority patent/US9805709B2/en
Priority to JP2016526424A priority patent/JP6254695B2/ja
Priority to EP14827033.3A priority patent/EP2999234B1/en
Publication of WO2015007167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015007167A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G10K11/17815—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the reference signals and the error signals, i.e. primary path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
    • G10K11/17881—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/02—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for preventing acoustic reaction, i.e. acoustic oscillatory feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/108—Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled
    • G10K2210/1081—Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3026—Feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3027—Feedforward
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3055—Transfer function of the acoustic system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/50—Miscellaneous
    • G10K2210/506—Feedback, e.g. howling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/50—Miscellaneous
    • G10K2210/511—Narrow band, e.g. implementations for single frequency cancellation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/01—Hearing devices using active noise cancellation

Definitions

  • ANR Active Noise Reduction
  • the implementation of the FF ANR usually requires a reference ( Reference MIC) (REF MIC) to be placed on the outside of the earphone (outside the ear canal when the earphone is silvered) for sensing ambient noise.
  • REF MIC Reference MIC
  • the REF MIC signal is processed by the internal circuitry of the earphone.
  • Play SPK., Speaker
  • ERR MIC error MIC
  • the implementation of FB ANR usually requires an error (Error) (ERR MIC) to be placed on the inside of the earphone (in the ear canal when the earphone is silvered) to sense the ambient noise passing through the earphone.
  • the ERR MIC signal passes through the inside of the earphone. After the circuit is processed, it is played through the speaker, and the playback signal is cancelled by the ambient noise propagating to the external auditory canal to eliminate the environmental noise.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an ANR earphone.
  • Figure 1 shows the REF MIC 101 placed outside the headphones, the ERR MIC 102 placed inside the headphones, and the speakers 103.
  • ANR headphones can be divided into feedforward active noise cancellation (FF AM) headphones, feedback active noise cancellation (FB ANR) and hybrid active noise cancellation (hybrid ANR) headphones.
  • Figure 2A is Functional block diagram of the FF ANR headset.
  • Figure 2B is a functional block diagram of the FB AN headset.
  • 2C is a functional block diagram of a hybrid ANR headset.
  • the FF ANR module performs the corresponding processing on the signal collected by the REF MIC and then plays it through the slack (SPK); in Fig. 2B and Fig. 2C, the FB ANR module processes the signal collected by the ERR MIC accordingly.
  • SPK slack
  • OUTPUT represents the headphone output signal, such as the music signal being played or the voice of the other party when making a call. and many more.
  • the ambient noise signal is picked up by the REF MIC and ERR MIC, processed by the FF AN module and the FB ANR module, and played back by the SP.
  • the sound signal played by the SPK will be picked up by the REF MIC and the ERR MIC, and processed by the FF ANR module and the FB AKR module respectively, and then played back through the SPK. When certain conditions are met, positive feedback will be formed, and whistling will occur.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of a howling model. Define the open loop response «) ⁇ G(z)F(z, «). Where z is the frequency point and w is the time. The whistle is generated by satisfying at a certain frequency The feedback system is unstable and forms an oscillation, which causes howling. When the above conditions are satisfied, a frequency ./ () in the amplitude of the signal sc (7 () F (z, ) cycle increases exponentially, after multiple cycles of the amplitude of the ideal state tends to infinity. ANR headset but Due to the total voltage of the circuit or the MIC amplitude limit, it usually increases to the maximum amplitude.
  • FIG. 4 is a whistle model diagram of the FF ANR earphone.
  • the system forward path transfer function is TF REF ., . SPK ;
  • the feedback path transfer function is TF SPK ⁇ . REF ; when the howling condition is satisfied, a howling is generated.
  • Figure 5 is a whistle model diagram of the FB ANR earphone.
  • the system forward path transfer function is TF ERI ⁇ SPK ;
  • the feedback path transfer function is TF SMR ; when the howling condition is satisfied, a howling is generated.
  • the current feed loop or feedback loop satisfies the howling condition, or the feedforward and feedback loops simultaneously satisfy the howling condition, or the effects of the feedforward and feedback loops are combined to satisfy the howling condition, and a howling is generated.
  • the power of the horn is maximized, the sound pressure level at the MIC reaches the highest, and the current on the circuit reaches the maximum, which easily causes damage to the mA and MIC, significantly increases the power consumption, and easily causes the circuit to burn out.
  • the speaker will emit a sound wave with a high sound pressure level at the frequency of the howling, which may easily cause discomfort to the user.
  • Howling suppression is to suppress howling, to avoid damage to components, circuits, or user discomfort.
  • Howling suppression usually includes two parts: howling detection and howling.
  • Howling detection ⁇ Detects whether a whistle is currently generated or whether a howling is currently generated; the howling process destroys the positive feedback loop that causes the howling to occur, so that no howling occurs.
  • the ANR earphone whistling processing method includes modifying the ANR parameter or turning off the ANR circuit.
  • the characteristic of howling is that whistling usually occurs at a certain frequency, and environmental noise, voice, music, etc. are usually broadband signals. Therefore, the howling suppression method generally employed in the prior art utilizes the frequency domain feature of the howling signal to perform detection, that is, the single frequency signal detection method. When a single-frequency signal is detected, it is considered that the howling is generated, and then the howling is performed, thereby suppressing howling.
  • the specific method is to first convert the digital signal after A/D conversion. Converting to the frequency domain, dividing the frequency domain into a plurality of different frequency bands, detecting which frequency band has howling by the frequency domain peak-to-average ratio method, and then performing frequency suppression on the frequency band of the howling.
  • This approach can be used for feedforward, feedback, hybrid ANR headphones.
  • the disadvantage of this approach is that it can only be detected after the howling is generated, that is, there will be a small amount of howling time. If applied to an ANR earphone, a short whistling sound may occur. That is, the user can hear a short whistling sound, and because the howling is still generated, it may cause damage to the MIC or SPK. because
  • the present invention provides a howling suppression method and apparatus for an ANR earphone to prevent the ANR earphone from generating howling.
  • the invention discloses a howling suppression method applied to an active noise canceling ANR earphone, and the method comprises:
  • the first microphone is disposed at a position outside the ear canal when the ANR earphone is worn, and the second microphone is disposed at a position of the ANR earphone located in the ear canal when being worn ;
  • the invention also discloses a howling suppression device applied to an active noise canceling ANR earphone, the device comprising:
  • a first microphone disposed at a position outside the ear canal when the ANR earphone is worn; a second microphone disposed at a position of the ANR earphone in the ear canal when being worn; a state determiner, according to the first microphone and the first The relationship between the signals collected by the two microphones, determining whether the current state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate a howling or a state in which a howling may occur;
  • the howling processor turns on the process of preventing the occurrence of howling when the current state of the ANR earphone outputted by the state determiner is a state in which a howling may occur.
  • the technical solution of the present invention utilizes a position disposed outside the ear canal when being worn on the ANR earphone
  • the relationship between the first microphone and the signal collected by the second microphone disposed at the position of the ANR earphone when it is worn in the ear canal can determine whether the ANR earphone is in a state in which whistling is possible, and judges ANR The whistling process is performed when the earphone is in a state in which whistling may occur, so that the occurrence of howling can be effectively prevented.
  • the technical solution of the invention can achieve the ANR earphones without whistling at all times, thereby avoiding device damage and reducing user discomfort.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an ANR earphone
  • Figure 2A is a functional block diagram of the FF ANR earphone
  • Figure 2B is a functional block diagram of the FB ANR earphone
  • Figure 2C is a functional block diagram of a hybrid ANR headset
  • Figure 3 is a howling model diagram
  • Figure 4 is a howling model diagram of the FF ANR earphone
  • Figure 5 is a howling model diagram of the FB AN earphone
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a howling suppression method applied to an ANR earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of measured results of a time domain transfer function of a REF MIC to an ERR MIC according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of measured results of a frequency domain transfer function of a REF MIC to an ERR MIC in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram showing a howling suppression device applied to an ANR earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 is a structural diagram of a state determiner 903 in an embodiment of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • the state of the ANR earphone is divided into a state in which howling may occur (Howling) and it is impossible to generate a howling The state of the call ( noHowling ). If it can distinguish the current state of the earphone, it can be known whether the current earphone may generate howling, that is, it is necessary to distinguish that the ANR earphone is currently in a state in which a howling may occur or a state in which it is impossible to generate a howling, if it is in a state in which a howling may occur.
  • the howling process can be directly performed, and if it is in a state where it is impossible to generate howling, the processing is not performed.
  • the howling is not immediately generated, and the howling is generated to satisfy the howling condition, but in the present application, if the earphone is detected to be in a state in which a howling may occur, the howling is performed immediately.
  • the processing is performed according to howling regardless of whether or not the howling condition is satisfied. Therefore, the technical solution of the present patent application does not need to wait for the whistle to be generated after the processing, so that the ANR earphone can always be generated without whistling.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a howling suppression method applied to an ANR earphone in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, the method includes 1
  • Step S601 Acquire a signal by using the first microphone and the second microphone; wherein the first microphone is located at a position outside the ear canal when the ANR earphone is worn, and the second microphone is located at the ANR ear in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first microphone may be a reference microphone REF MIC required to implement the feedforward ANR.
  • the second microphone can be the error microphone ERR MIC required to implement the feedback type A R .
  • the first microphone can be the reference microphone REF MIC required to implement the feedforward ANR
  • the second microphone can be the error microphone ERR MIC required to implement the feedback ANR.
  • the first microphone is not necessarily the REF MIC, but it can also be a specially set microphone.
  • the second microphone is not necessarily the ERR MIC, but it can also be a specially set microphone. But this will increase costs.
  • Step S602 Determine, according to a relationship between the signals collected by the first microphone and the second microphone, whether the current state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate howling or a state in which a howling may occur.
  • the ANR earphone In the state in which the ANR earphone is unlikely to generate howling and the state in which the howling may occur, there is a certain difference in the relationship between the signals collected by the first microphone and the second microphone, and the ANR is distinguished according to the difference in the present invention. It is impossible for the earphone to generate a state of howling and a state in which a howling may occur.
  • Step S603 When the current state of the ANR earphone is a state in which howling is likely to occur, the process of preventing the howling is generated.
  • a specific technique that can be used to prevent the howling production including modifying the ANR parameter to destroy the condition of the howling, or directly turning off the ANR circuit.
  • the method shown in FIG. 6 can determine whether the ANR earphone is in a state in which a howling is likely to occur, and performs a howling process when it is judged that the ANR earphone is in a state in which a howling is likely to occur, so that the ANR earphone can be in a state in which howling is likely to occur. When it is, prevent the occurrence of howling.
  • the method can perform the process of suppressing howling before the howling is generated, instead of waiting until the howling is generated.
  • the state of the ANR earphone that is unlikely to generate howling and the state in which the howling is likely to be generated are distinguished according to the relationship between the signals collected by the first microphone and the second microphone.
  • the transfer function of the first microphone to the second microphone is calculated according to the signals collected by the first microphone and the second microphone; and the ANR earphone is determined according to the time domain characteristic of the transfer function of the first microphone to the second microphone.
  • the state is a state in which it is impossible to generate a howling or a state in which a howling may occur; or, according to the frequency domain characteristic of the transfer function of the first microphone to the second microphone, it is judged whether the state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate howling or is it possible A state of howling is generated.
  • the signal characteristics picked up by the two microphones are: Ambient noise always reaches the first microphone first, then reaches the second microphone, and can pass the first microphone to the second microphone.
  • the causality of the transfer function between the microphones is determined; the ambient noise is blocked by the earphone casing and the outer ear before being picked up by the second microphone, which is equivalent to passing through a filter whose high frequency portion is attenuated more than the low frequency portion.
  • the signal picked up by the two microphones is characterized by: The order of the environmental noise reaching the first microphone and the second microphone is not fixed, and the sound wave is not between the first microphone and the second microphone. Obvious obstacles, so there is no obvious filtering effect.
  • the ambient noise first reaches the first microphone, then reaches the second microphone, and is blocked by the earphone casing and the outer ear before being picked up by the second microphone, which is equivalent to passing through a filter. It can be known from the condition of howling that only a positive feedback is generated to generate a howling. In this state, the amplitude of the signal is attenuated, and there is a filtering effect, so that the condition of howling is not satisfied, so that no howling occurs.
  • the order in which the ambient noise reaches the first microphone and the second microphone is not fixed, and the sound wave has no obvious obstacle before the first microphone and the second microphone, so that no significant filtering effect occurs. It can be seen from the condition of howling, which state easily satisfies the conditions of howling generation, and further causes howling.
  • the first microphone is the REF MIC of the hybrid ANR headset
  • the second microphone is the ERR MIC of the hybrid ANR headset.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of measured results of a time domain transfer function of REF MIC to ERR MIC in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broken line indicates the time domain transfer function of REF MIC to ERR MIC which may generate Howling, and the solid line indicates that it is impossible to generate whistling (nol-lowling).
  • the maximum point of the time domain transfer function represents the group delay of the sound wave.
  • the Howling state group delay is 0, and the noHowling state group delay is a positive value greater than zero. That is, the delay characteristics of the transfer function of REF MIC to ERR MIC can distinguish between Howling and noHowling states.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the measured values of the frequency domain transfer function of the REF MIC to the ERR MIC in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broken line indicates the frequency domain transfer function of REF MIC to ER MIC which may generate Howling
  • the solid line indicates that it is impossible to generate REF MIC to ERR MIC in Nohowling state.
  • Frequency domain transfer function It can be seen from Fig. 8 that the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the Howling state transfer function is close to the all-pass filter, and the NoHowling state amplitude-frequency characteristic is close to the low-pass filter. That is, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the transfer function of REF MIC to ERR MIC can also distinguish the NoHowling and Howling states.
  • the state of the ANR earphone that is unlikely to be howling is determined according to the time domain characteristic of the transfer function, and the transfer function can also be determined according to the transfer function.
  • the frequency domain characteristic judges that the ANR earphone is unlikely to produce a howling state.
  • the time domain decision statistic is the first microphone The ratio of the sum of the squares of the first Mth order of the time domain transfer function to the square of the first Nth order; N is a natural number, N is the length of the time domain transfer function, and M is a natural number less than N; If the amount is less than the decision threshold, it is judged that the state of howling is unlikely to occur; if the time domain decision statistic is greater than the decision threshold, it is determined that the state of howling is likely to occur.
  • the decision threshold varies with the structure of the earphone and is statistically derived. For a specific calculation method of the method, refer to the corresponding description of the following FIG. 10, and the description will not be made here for the time being to avoid repetition.
  • determining, according to the frequency domain characteristic of the transfer function of the first microphone to the second microphone, whether the state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate howling or a state in which howling may occur is specifically:
  • the domain decision statistic is before the frequency domain transfer function of the first microphone to the second microphone
  • Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of a howling suppression device applied to an ANR earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 9, the device includes:
  • the first microphone 901 is disposed at a position of the ANR earphone that is located outside the ear canal when worn; the second microphone 902 is disposed at a position of the ANR earphone that is located in the ear canal when worn; the state determiner 903 according to the first microphone 901
  • the relationship between the signal collected by the second microphone 902 and the current state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate a howling or a state in which a howling may occur;
  • the howling processor 904 when the current state of the ANR earphone outputted by the state determiner 903 is a state in which a howling may occur, turns on the prevention of howling generation processing.
  • the first microphone 901 when the ANR earphone is a feedforward ANR earphone, the first microphone 901 is a reference microphone REF MIC required to implement a feedforward ANR; or, when the ANR earphone is a feedback ANR earphone
  • the second 902 gram wind is the error microphone ERR MIC required to implement the feedback ANR; or, when the ANR earphone is a hybrid ANR earphone, the first microphone 901 is the reference microphone REF required to implement the feedforward ANR
  • the second microphone 902 is the error microphone ERR MIC required to implement the feedback ANR.
  • the state determiner 903 is configured to calculate a transfer function of the first microphone 901 to the second microphone 902 according to the signals collected by the first microphone 901 and the second microphone 902;
  • the time domain characteristic of the transfer function of the microphone 901 to the second microphone 902 determines whether the state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate howling or a state in which a howling may occur, or according to a transfer function of the first microphone 901 to the second microphone 902.
  • the frequency domain characteristic judges whether the state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate howling or a state in which a howling may occur.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 9 can determine whether the ANR earphone is in a state in which a howling is likely to occur, and performs a howling process when it is judged that the ANR earphone is in a state in which a howling is likely to occur, so that the ANR earphone can be in a state in which a howling is likely to occur. When it is, prevent the occurrence of howling.
  • Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the state determiner 903 in one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, the state determiner 903 includes:
  • the first data buffer 1001 is configured to buffer the digital signal collected by the first microphone 901;
  • the second data buffer 1002 is configured to buffer the digital signal collected by the second microphone 902.
  • the transfer function estimator 1003 is configured to calculate the first microphone according to the data in the first data buffer 1001 and the second data buffer 1002. a time domain transfer function of 901 to the second microphone 902;
  • a decision statistic calculator 1004 configured to obtain a time domain decision statistic according to a ratio of a sum of a square of a first Mth order of the time domain transfer function of the first microphone to the second microphone and a square of the first Nth order; wherein, N is The natural number is the length of the time domain transfer function, and M is a natural number less than N;
  • a state determiner 1005 configured to determine that a state of howling is unlikely to occur when the time domain decision statistic is less than a decision threshold, and determine a state in which a howling is likely to occur when the time domain decision statistic is greater than the decision threshold. It varies with the structure of the headset and is derived from statistics.
  • the first microphone 901 is the REF MIC of the hybrid ANR earphone
  • the second microphone 902 is the ERR MIC of the hybrid ANR earphone, first calculating the transfer function of the REF MIC to the ERR MIC.
  • ERR MIC's digital letter "f, W points into the AJ data buffer data buffer 1002, forming a data frame ⁇ Ref and
  • the data frame S Ref [n ⁇ and [n] enters the transfer function estimator 1003, and calculates the transfer function of REF MIC to ERR MIC / ⁇ err [n] .
  • the transfer function can be calculated by using the cross power spectrum and the self power split. Method: Let the frequency domain form, U ⁇ as the formula, H,. ef OT
  • N is the length of the transfer function and is a natural number.
  • the real-time domain decision statistic is the ratio of the sum of the squares of the M-th order before the transfer function to the sum of the squares of the entire transfer function.
  • the time-domain decision statistic ⁇ ot reflects REF
  • the delay characteristic between the MIC signal and the ERR MIC signal that is, causality.
  • M is a natural number less than N.
  • M takes 1, 2 or 3
  • the decision threshold varies with the structure of the earphone, and is statistically derived.
  • the Howling state decision statistic is greater than the No Howiing state. If it is greater than the threshold, it is judged that a howling may occur.
  • the state otherwise judged as a state that cannot be called. That is, the transfer function estimated value ⁇ wj obtained by the transfer function estimator 1003 enters the decision statistic calculator 1004, and the decision counter size calculator 1004 calculates the time domain decision statistic ⁇ -.
  • the time domain decision statistic ⁇ enters the state decider 1005 to judge the current state of the earphone (a state in which it is impossible to generate a howling or a state in which a howling may occur) and output.
  • the state decider 1005 determines that the howling is unlikely to occur when the time domain decision statistic is less than the decision threshold, and determines that the howling is likely to occur when the time domain decision statistic is greater than the decision threshold.
  • the time domain transmission of the microphone to the second microphone in the embodiment, the state determiner 903 can also determine the state of the ANR earphone according to the frequency domain transfer function of the first microphone, specifically:
  • the first data device 1001 is configured to buffer the digital signal collected by the first microphone 901;
  • a second data buffer 1002 configured to buffer the digital signal collected by the second microphone 902;
  • the transfer function estimator 1003 is configured to calculate a frequency domain transfer function of the first microphone 901 to the second microphone 902 according to the data in the first data buffer 1001 and the second data buffer 1002;
  • the decision statistic calculator 1004 is configured to obtain a frequency domain according to a ratio of a squared sum of the first Mth order of the frequency domain transfer function of the first microphone to the second microphone to a square sum of the former M + i to N/2 order Decision statistic; where N is a natural number, N is the length of the frequency domain transfer function, and M is a natural number less than N/2; the state determiner 1005 is configured to determine that the frequency domain decision statistic is less than the decision threshold The state of howling, when the frequency domain decision statistic is greater than the decision threshold, it is judged that it is impossible to generate a howling state, wherein the decision threshold changes with the change of the earphone structure, and it is obtained by statistics
  • the ANR earphone the first microphone 901 is the REF of the hybrid ANR earphone.
  • the MIC, the second microphone 902 is the ERR MIC of the hybrid ANR headset.
  • Data Frame And . constitu.. W enter the transfer function estimator 1003, calculate the frequency domain transfer function H ref eir of REF MIC to ERR MIC.
  • the transfer function calculation method can use the cross power spectrum and self
  • the frequency domain decision statistic OT calculated by the decision statistic calculator 1004 is:
  • the frequency domain decision statistic? OT is the ratio of the squared sum of the Mth order of the frequency domain transfer function to the squared sum of the M+1 to N/2 order.
  • the decision statistic reflects the low-pass filtering characteristic of the transfer function. The larger the low-pass filter characteristic, the closer it is to the state in which it is impossible to generate howling.
  • the decision threshold varies with the structure of the headset and is derived from statistics. The judgment statistic OT is larger than the threshold, and it is judged that it is impossible to generate a howling state, and otherwise it is judged that a howling may occur.
  • the transfer function estimate obtained by transfer function estimator 1003 enters decision statistic calculator 1004, which calculates frequency domain decision statistic OT .
  • the frequency domain decision statistic o t enters the state decider 1005 to determine the current state of the headset.
  • the ANR is turned on when the current state of the headset is noHowling, and the ANR is turned off when the current state of the headset is Howling.
  • the present invention utilizes a first microphone disposed at a position outside the ear canal when worn when worn, and a second microphone disposed at a position of the ANR earphone that is located in the ear canal when worn. The relationship between the signals determines whether the current state of the ANR earphone is a state in which it is impossible to generate a howling or a state in which a howling may occur.
  • the technical solution of the processing can determine whether the ANR earphone is in a state in which a howling is likely to occur, and perform a howling process when it is determined that the ANR earphone is in a state in which a howling may occur, so that the AR earphone may be in a state in which a howling may occur. When it is, prevent the occurrence of howling. In addition, the ANR earphone can always be produced without screaming, thereby avoiding device damage and reducing user discomfort.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用于主动噪声消除ANR耳机的啸叫抑制方法和装置。该方法包括：利用第一麦克风和第二麦克风采集信号；第一麦克风设置于所述ANR耳机的在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位置，第二麦克风设置于所述ANR耳机在被佩戴时位于耳道内的位置；根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所采集的信号之间的关系判断所述ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生啸叫的状态还是可能产生啸叫的状态；当所述ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产生啸叫的状态时，启动防止啸叫产生的处理。该技术方案能够做到ANR耳机始终没有啸叫产生。

Description

技术领域
术领域， 特别涉及一种应用于主动噪声消除 A R耳
Figure imgf000003_0001
Figure imgf000003_0002
当前的耳机通常采用主动噪声消除 ( ANR, Active Noise Reduction )技术来 减小环境噪声对人耳的影响。 ANR技术通常为前馈（ Feed Forward ) AN 电路 ( FF ANR )或反馈 ( Feed Back ) ANR电路（ FB ANR )， 或两者均包括。
FF ANR的实现通常需要在耳机外側（耳机被银戴时位于耳道外）放置一个 参考（ Reference ) 麦克风（ REF MIC), 用于对环境噪声进行感知， 该 REF MIC 信号经耳机内部电路处理后通过喇 (SPK.， Speaker)播放， 播放信号与传播到外 耳道的环境噪声进行 ·ί氏消， 消除环境噪声对人耳的影响。 FB ANR的实现通常需 要在耳机内側（耳机被银戴时位于耳道内）放置一个误差（ Error )麦克岚 ( ERR MIC )用于对透过耳机的环境噪声进行感知， 该 ERR MIC信号经耳机内部电路 处理后通过喇叭播放， 播放信号与传播到外耳道的环境噪声进行抵消， 消除环 境噪声。
图 1是 ANR耳机的结构示意图。 图 1 中示意出了放置于耳机外侧的 REF MIC 101、 放置于耳机内側的 ERR MIC 102以及喇叭 103。
根据 ANR耳机所采用的技术， 可以将 ANR耳机分为前馈式主动噪声消除 ( FF AM )耳机， 反馈式主动噪声消除 (FB ANR)和混合式主动噪声消除（混合 式 ANR )耳机 图 2A是 FF ANR耳机的功能框图。 图 2B是 FB AN 耳机的功能框图。 图 2C是混合式 ANR耳机的功能框图。在图 2A和图 2C中， FF ANR模块将 REF MIC 采集到的信号进行相应处理后经喇 （ SPK )播放；在图 2B和图 2C中， FB ANR 模块将 ERR MIC采集到的信号进行相应处理后经 SPK播放； 在图 2A、 2B和 2C中， OUTPUT表示耳机输出信号， 如播放的音乐信号或打电话时对方的语音 等等。环境噪声信号被 REF MIC和 ERR MIC拾取，通过. FF AN 模块和 FB ANR 模块处理后经 SP 播放。 SPK播放的声音信号又会被 REF MIC和 ERR MIC拾 取， 分别经 FF ANR模块和 FB AKR模块处理后再次通过 SPK播放， 在满足某 些条件情况下会形成正反馈， 进而产生嘯叫。
图 3是嘯叫模型图。 定义开环响应 «) ^ G(z)F(z, «)。 其中 z表示频点， w表示时间。 嘯叫产生条件为， 在某一频率为 处满足
Figure imgf000004_0001
则反馈系统不稳定， 形成振荡， 从而产生啸叫。 满足上述条件时， 频率为 ./()sc 的信号的幅度在（7( ) F(z, ) 循环过程中成指数增加， 理想状态下多次 循环后幅度趋于无穷大。 但在 ANR耳机上， 由于电路总电压或 MIC幅度限制， 通常增大到最大幅值为止。
图 4是 FF ANR耳机的啸叫模型图。 如图 4所示， 系统前向路径传递函数 为 TFREF.、.SPK; 反馈路径传递函数为 TFSPK^.REF; 啸叫条件满足时， 则产生啸叫。
图 5是 FB ANR耳机的啸叫模型图。 如图 5所示， 系统前向路径传递函数 为 TFERI^SPK; 反馈路径传递函数为 TFSMR； 啸叫条件满足时， 则产生啸叫。
混合式 AM 耳机， 当前馈回路或反馈回路满足啸叫条件， 或前馈和反馈回 路同时满足啸叫条件， 或前馈、 反馈回路的作用结合在一起满足嘯叫条件， 则 产生啸叫。
啸叫产生以后， 喇叭播放的功率达到最大， MIC 处声压级达到最高， 电路 上电流达到最大， 容易造成喇 、 MIC损伤， 耗电量显著增加， 且容易导致电 路烧坏。 啸叫后喇叭会在啸叫频点处发出高声压级的声波， 容易引起用户不适。
啸叫抑制的作用是抑制嘯叫， 避免元器件、 电路损坏或引起用户不适。 啸 叫抑制通常包括啸叫检测和啸叫处理两部分。 啸叫检测^检测当前是否产生啸 叫或当前是否可能产生嘯叫； 嘯叫处理即破坏促使嘯叫产生的正反馈回路， 使 之不产生啸叫。 ANR耳机嘯叫处理方法包括修改 ANR参数或关闭 ANR电路等。
啸叫的特点是通常在某个频点处产生嘯叫， 而环境噪声， 语音、 音乐等通 常是宽带信号。 因此在现有技术中通常采用的啸叫抑制方法利用啸叫时信号的 频域特征进行 ·检测， 即单频信号检测方法。 检测到单频信号即认为啸叫产生， 然后进行啸叫处理， 进而抑制啸叫。 具体做法是， 先将 A/D转换后的数字信号 转换到频域， 将频域分成多个不同的频段， 通过频域峰均比方法检测哪个频段 存在啸叫， 然后对啸叫的频段进行频率抑制。 这种做法可用于前馈式、 反馈式、 混合式 ANR耳机。 但这种做法的缺点是， 只有在啸叫产生之后才能检测到， 即 会有一小段嘯叫时间。 若应用于 ANR耳机， 则可能出现短暂的啸叫声。 即用户 能够听到短暂的嘯叫声， 且由于啸叫仍然产生， 可能导致 MIC或 SPK损伤。 因
本发明提供了一种应用于 ANR耳机的啸叫抑制方法和装置， 以防止 ANR 耳机产生啸叫。
为达到上述目的本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明公开了一种应用于主动噪声消除 ANR耳机的啸叫抑制方法， 该方法 包括：
利用第一麦克风和第二麦克风采集信号；其中，第一麦克风设置于所述 ANR 耳机在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位置， 第二麦克风设置于所述 ANR耳机在被佩戴 时位于耳道内的位置；
根据第一麦克风和第二麦克風所采集的信号之间的关系， 判断所述 ANR耳 机的当前状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生啸叫的状态；
当所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产生嘯叫的状态时， 开启防止啸叫产生 的处理。
本发明还公开了一种应用于主动噪声消除 ANR耳机的嘯叫抑制装置， 该装 置包括：
第一麦克风， 设置于所述 ANR耳机在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位置； 第二麦克风， 设置于所述 ANR耳机在被佩戴时位于耳道内的位置； 状态判断器， 根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所采集的信号之间的关系， 判 断所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生嘯叫的状 态；
啸叫处理器，在所述状态判断器输出的所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产 生嘯叫的状态时， 开启防止嘯叫产生的处理。
本发明的技术方案， 利用设置于 ANR耳机的在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位置 第一麦克风和设置于 ANR耳机的在被佩戴时位于耳道内的位置的第二麦克风所 釆集的信号之间的关系， 能够判决 ANR耳机是否处于可能产生嘯叫的状态， 并 且在判决出 ANR耳机处于可能产生嘯叫的状态时即进行啸叫处理，从而能够有 效防止嘯叫的产生。 本发明的技.术方案可以做到 ANR耳机始终没有嘯叫产生， 从而避免器件损伤， 减少用户的不适感。 附图筒要说明
图 1是 ANR耳机的结构示意图；
图 2A是 FF ANR耳机的功能框图；
图 2B是 FB ANR耳机的功能框图；
图 2C是混合式 ANR耳机的功能框图；
图 3是嘯叫模型图；
图 4是 FF ANR耳机的啸叫模型图；
图 5是 FB AN 耳机的啸叫模型图；
图 6是本发明实施例中的一种应用于 ANR耳机的啸叫抑制方法的流程图； 图 7是本发明实施例中的 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的时域传递函数实测结果 的比较示意图；
图 8是本发明实施例中的 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的频域传递函数实测结果 的比较示意图；
图 9是本发明实施例中的一种应用于 ANR耳机的啸叫抑制装置的结构图； 图 10是本发明一个实施例中的状态判断器 903的结构图。 实施本发明的方式
与前述现有技术中通常采用的利用信号频域特征检测嘯叫的方法不同， 在 本专利申请中将 ANR耳机的所处的状态分为可能产生嘯叫的状态 （Howling ) 和不可能产生啸叫的状态 ( noHowling )。 若能区分当前耳机所处的状态， 则可 知当前耳机是否可能产生啸叫， 即需要区分 ANR耳机当前处于可能产生嘯叫的 状态或不可能产生啸叫的状态， 若处于可能产生嘯叫的状态， 则可直接进行啸 叫处理， 若处于不可能产生啸叫的状态， 则不进行处理。 耳机处于可能产生啸 叫的状态之后不一定马上产生嘯叫， 啸叫产生还需满足啸叫产生条件， 但在本 申请中若检测到耳机处于可能产生啸叫的状态之后马上进行嘯叫处理， 即当前 耳机所处状态为可能产生啸叫的状态时， 不管是否满足啸叫产生条件一律按啸 叫产生进行处理。 因此本专利申请的技术方案无需等到啸叫产生之后进行处理， 可以做到 ANR耳机始终没有嘯叫产生。
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合酎图对本发明 实施方式作进一 ·步.地详细描述。
图 6是本发明实施例中的一种应用于 ANR耳机的啸叫抑制方法的流程图。 图 6所示， 该方法包括 1
步骤 S601 , 利用第一麦克风和第二麦克岚采集信号； 其中， 第一麦克风位 于所述 ANR耳机在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位置， 第二麦克风位于所述 ANR耳 在本发明的一个实施例中， 当 ANR耳机为前馈式 ANR耳机时， 第一麦克 风可以为实现前馈式 ANR所需的参考麦克风 REF MIC。 当 ANR耳机为反馈式 ANR耳机时，第二麦克风可以为实现反馈式 A R所需的误差麦克风 ERR MIC。 当 ANR耳机为混合式 ANR耳机时，第一麦克风可以为实现前馈式 ANR所需的 参考麦克风 REF MIC, 以及第二麦克风可以为实现反馈式 ANR所需的误差麦 克风 ERR MIC。
当然第一麦克风不一定就是 REF MIC, 也可以是专门设置的麦克风。 第二 麦克風也不一定就是 ERR MIC, 也可以是专门设置的麦克风。但这会增加成本。
步骤 S602 , 根据第一麦克风和第二麦克風所采集的信号之间的关系， 判断 所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生啸叫的状态。
在 ANR耳机的不可能产生嘯叫的状态和可能产生啸叫的状态下， 第一麦克 风和第二麦克风所采集的信号之间的关系会有一定的区别， 在本发明中根据该 区别区分 ANR耳机的不可能产生嘯叫的状态和可能产生嘯叫的状态。
步骤 S603 , 当所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产生啸叫的状态时， 开启 防止啸叫产生的处理。
本步骤中， 进行防止啸叫生产的处理具体可以采用的技术， 包括修改 ANR 参数破坏啸叫产生的条件， 或者直接关闭 ANR电路等。
图 6所示的方法能够判决 ANR耳机是否处于可能产生啸叫的状态， 并且在 判决出 ANR耳机处于可能产生啸叫的状态时进行啸叫处理， 因此能够在 ANR 耳机在可能产生啸叫的状态时， 防止啸叫的产生。 本方法可以在啸叫产生前就 进行抑制啸叫的处理， 而不是等到啸叫产生后再处理。 前面提到， 在步骤 S602中根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所采集的信号之间 的关系来区分 ANR耳机的不可能产生啸叫的状态和可能产生嘯叫的状态。具体 来说根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所釆集的信号， 计算出第一麦克风到第二麦 克岚的传递函数； 根据第一麦克岚到第二麦克风的传递函数的时域特性判断 ANR耳机的状态为不可能产生啸叫的状态还是可能产生嘯叫的状态； 或者， 根 据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的传递函数的频域特性判断 ANR耳机的状态为不可 能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生嘯叫的状态。
这是因为， ANR耳机处于不可能产生啸叫的状态时， 两个麦克风所拾取的 信号特征为： 环境噪声总是先到达第一麦克风， 后到达第二麦克风， 可以通过 第一麦克风到第二麦克风之间传递函数的因果性来判决； 环境噪声被第二麦克 风拾取之前先被耳机壳和外耳阻挡， 相当于通过一个滤波器， 该滤波器的高频 部分衰减大于低频部分。 ANR耳机处于可能产生啸叫的状态时， 两个麦克风所 拾取的信号特征为： 环境噪声到达第一麦克风和第二麦克风的先后顺序不固定， 且声波在第一麦克风和第二麦克风之间没有明显的障碍， 因此不会出现明显的 滤波效果。
环境噪声先到达第一麦克风， 后到达第二麦克风， 且被第二麦克风拾取之 前先被耳机壳和外耳阻挡， 相当于通过一个滤波器。 由啸叫产生条件可知， 只 有形成正反馈才可能产生啸叫， 该状态下信号幅度有衰减， 且有滤波效果， 因 此不满足啸叫产生条件， 从而不会产生嘯叫。 环境噪声到达第一麦克风和第二 麦克风的先后顺序不固定， 且声波在第一麦克风和第二麦克风之前没有明显的 障碍， 因此不会出现明显的滤波效果。 由啸叫产生条件可知， 该状态容易满足 嘯叫产生条件， 进而产生嘯叫。
下面以混合式 ANR耳机为例对此进行详细说明。 在本实施例中， 第一麦克 风即为混合式 ANR耳机的 REF MIC, 第二麦克风即为混合式 ANR耳机的 ERR MIC。 在耳机正常不可能产生嘯叫的状态下， 环境噪声总是先到达 REF MIC, 后到达 ERR MIC, 因此可以通过 REF MIC到 ERR MIC之间传递函数的因果性 来判决。
图 7是本发明实施例中的 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的时域传递函数实测结果 的比较示意图。参见图 7，虚线表示的是可能产生啸叫（Howling )状态下的 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的时域传递函数， 实线表示的是不可能产生啸叫（ nol-lowling ) 状态下 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的时域传递函数。 时域传递函数的最大值点表示 声波的群时延。 由图 7可以看出， Howling状态群时延为 0, noHowling状态群 时延为一个大于 0的正值。 即通过 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的传递函数的时延特 性即可区分 Howling和 noHowling状态。
图 8是本发明实施例中的 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的频域传递函数实测结杲 的比较示意图。参见图 8，虚线表示的是可能产生啸叫 ( Howling )状态下的 REF MIC到 ER MIC的频域传递函数， 实线表示的是不可能产生啸叫 ( NoHowling ) 状态下 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的频域传递函数。 由图 8可以看出， Howling状态 传递函数的幅频特性接近全通滤波器， NoHowling状态幅频特性接近低通滤波 器。 即 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的传递函数的幅频特性也可以区分 NoHowling和 Howling状态。
可见， 在本发明的实施例中 , 计算出 REF MIC到 ERR MIC的传递函数后， 即可以根据该传递函数的时域特性判断 ANR耳机的不可能产生啸叫的状态， 也 可以根据该传递函数的频域特性判断 ANR耳机的不可能产生啸叫的状态。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 根据第一麦克風到第二麦克风的传递函数的时 域特性判断 ANR耳机的不可能产生嘯叫的状态具体可以为： 令时域判决统计量 为第一麦克风到第二麦克风的时域传递函数的前 M阶的平方和与前 N阶的平方 之比； N为自然数， N是时域传递函数的长度， M为小于 N的自然数； 如果时 域判决统计量小于判决门限， 则判断为不可能产生啸叫的状态； 如果时域判决 统计量大于判决门限， 则判断为可能产生啸叫的状态。 其中判决门限随耳机结 构变化而变化, 由统计得出。 该方法的一个具体计算方式参见后续图 10对应说 明， 这里暂时先不进行说明， 以免重复。
在本发明的另一个实施例中， 根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的传递函数的 频域特性判断 ANR耳机的状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生啸叫的状 态具体为： 令频域判决统计量为第一麦克风到第二麦克岚的频域传递函数的前
M阶的模平方和与前 M + 1到 N/2阶的模平方和之比; N为自然数， N是频域 传递函数的长度， M为小于 N/2的自然数； 如果频域判决统计量小于判决门限， 则判断为可能产生啸叫的状态； 如果频域判决统计量大于判决门限， 则判断为 不可能产生嘯叫的祆态。 其中判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。 该方法的一个具体计算方式参见后续图 10对应说明， 这里暂时先不进行说明， 以免重复。 图 9是本发明实施例中的一种应用于 ANR耳机的啸叫抑制装置的结构图。 如图 9所示， 该装置包括：
第一麦克风 901， 设置于 ANR耳机的在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位置； 第二麦克风 902， 设置于 ANR耳机的在被佩戴时位于耳道内的位置； 状态判断器 903，根据第一麦克风 901和第二麦克风 902所采集的信号之间 的关系判断 ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生嘯叫的 状态；
啸叫处理器 904， 在状态判断器 903输出的 ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产 生嘯叫的状态时， 开启防止嘯叫产生处理。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 当 ANR耳机为前馈式 ANR耳机时， 第一麦克 风 901即为实现前馈式 ANR所需的参考麦克风 REF MIC; 或者， 当 ANR耳机 为反馈式 ANR耳机时， 第二麦 902克风即为实现反馈式 ANR所需的误差麦克 风 ERR MIC; 或者 , 当 ANR耳机为混合式 ANR耳机时， 第一麦克风 901即为 实现前馈式 ANR所需的参考麦克风 REF MIC, 第二麦克风 902即为实现反馈 式 ANR所需的误差麦克.风 ERR MIC。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 欤态判断器 903用于根据第一麦克风 901和第 二麦克风 902所采集的信号， 计算出第一麦克风 901到第二麦克风 902的传递 函数； 然后根据第一麦克风 901到第二麦克风 902的传递函数的时域特性判断 ANR耳机的状态为不可能产生啸叫的状态还是可能产生嘯叫的状态， 或者根据 第一麦克风 901到第二麦克风 902的传递函数的频域特性判断 ANR耳机的状态 为不可能产生啸叫的状态还是可能产生啸叫的状态。
图 9所示的装置能够判决 ANR耳机是否处于可能产生啸叫的状态， 并且在 判决出 ANR耳机处于可能产生啸叫的状态时进行啸叫处理, 因此能够在 ANR 耳机在可能产生嘯叫的状态时， 防止啸叫的产生。 图 10是本 明一个实施例中的状态判断器 903的结构图。 如图 10所示， 状态判断器 903包括：
第一数据缓存器 1001， 用于缓存第一麦克风 901采集的数字信号;
第二数据缓存器 1002， 用于緩存第二麦克风 902采集的数字信号； 传递函数估计器 1003， 用于根据第一数据缓 ^^器 1001 和第二数据缓存器 1002中的数据计算第一麦克风 901到第二麦克风 902的时域传递函数；
匕
判决统计量计算器 1004， 用于根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的时域传递函 数的前 M阶的平方和与前 N阶的平方和之比， 得到时域判决统计量； 其中， N 为自然数， 是时域传递函数的长度， M为小于 N的自然数；
以及， 状态判决器 1005 , 用于在时域判决统计量小于判决门限时判断为不 可能产生啸叫的状态， 在时域判决统计量大于判决门限时判断为可能产生啸叫 的状态其中判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。
仍以混合式 ANR耳机为例， 第一麦克风 901即为混合式 ANR耳机的 REF MIC, 第二麦克风 902即为混合式 ANR耳机的 ERR MIC, 首先计算 REF MIC 到 ERR MIC的传递函数。 REF MIC的数字信 Ref！ 和 ERR MIC的数字信" f , W分另进 AJ 数据缓存器 数据缓存器 1002，形成数据帧 ■Ref 和
X XRef j
[n] Z= i X η~ί] XErr
其中 为数据 ΐ长度。
数据帧 SRef [n\和 [n]进入传递函数估计器 1003，计算 REF MIC到 ERR MIC 的传递函数/ ^ err [n] , 传递函数计算方式可以采用互功率谱和自功率借相除的方 式： 令 为 的频域形式， U 〗为 式， H,.ef OT | 1为传递 函数 erA 则计
Figure imgf000011_0001
r [^ \r
其中 是 的共轭。 表示求期望运算， iffi 叶变换 ; 判决统计量计算器 1004计算的 量
Figure imgf000011_0002
其中， N为传递函数长度， 是自然数。 即时域判决统计量 为传递函数 前 M阶的平方和与整个传递函数平方和之比 该时域判决统计量 ^ ot反映 REF
MIC信号到 ERR MIC信号之间的时延特性， 即因果性。 时延越小， rrei 越大， 则越接近可能产生啸叫的状态。 M是小于 N的自然数， 通常， M取 1、 2或 3„ 判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。 Howling 状态判决统计量大于 NoHowiing状态。 大于门限， 则判为可能产生啸叫的状态， 否则判为不可 叫的状态。 即传递函数估计器 1003得到的传递函数估计值 ^ ^wj进入判决统计量计 算器 1004, 判决统针量计算器 1004计算时域判决统计量 ^— 。 时域判决统计 量 ^进入状态判决器 1005判断耳机的当前状态（不可能产生啸叫的状态或可 能产生啸叫的状态）并输出。 状态判决器 1005在时域判决统计量小于判决门限 时判断为不可能产生啸叫的状态， 在时域判决统计量大于判决门限时判断为可 能产生啸叫的状态。 在上述实施例中 麦克风到第二麦克风的时域传 ;¾函凄 2—个实施例中，状态判断器 903 也可以根据第 麦克风的频域传递函数判断 ANR耳机所处的状 态， 具体为：
第一数据 -器 1001， 用于缓存第一麦克风 901采集的数字信号;
第二数据缓存器 1002， 用于緩存第二麦克风 902采集的数字信号;
传递函数估计器 1003， 用于根据第一数据缓 ^^器 1001 和第二数据缓存器 1002中的数据计算第一麦克风 901到第二麦克风 902的频域传递函数；
判决统计量计算器 1004， 用于根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的频域传递函 数的前 M阶的模平方和与前 M + i到 N/2阶的模平方和之比， 得到频域判决统 计量； 其中， N为自然数， N是频域传递函数的长度， M为小于 N/2的自然数； 欤态判决器 1005, 用于在频域判决统计量小于判决门限时判断为可能产生 嘯叫的状态， 在频域判决统计量大于判决门限时判断为不可能产生啸叫的欤态， 其中判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出
ANR耳机为例， 第一麦克风 901即为混合式 ANR耳机的 REF
MIC, 第二麦克风 902即为混合式 ANR耳机的 ERR MIC。 首先计算 REF MIC
Figure imgf000012_0001
数据帧
Figure imgf000012_0002
和 .„.. W进入传递函数估计器 1003，计算 REF MIC到 ERR MIC 的频域传递函数 H ref eir 。传递函数计算方式可以釆用互功率谱和自
的方式: 令 i 的频域形式， [k]为 [n的频域形式， Hfi OTW为 传递函数 A 'r,ef _ err
Figure imgf000013_0001
其中 W是 W的共轭。 G表示求期望运算。
判决统计量计算器 1004计算的频域判决统计量 OT为：
、 J 「
其中， N为传递函数长度。 即频域判决统计量 ? OT为频域传递函数前 M阶 的模平方和与 M+1到 N/2阶的模平方和之比。 该判决统计量反映传递函数的低 通滤波特性， 越大， 低通滤波特性越好， 越接近不可能产生啸叫的状态。 判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。 判决统计量 OT大于门限， 判 为不可能产生啸叫的状态， 否则判为可能产生啸叫的状态。
传递函数估计器 1003得到的传递函数估计值 进入判决统计量计算 器 1004， 判决统计量计算器 1004计算频域判决统计量 OT。 频域判决统计量 ot.进入状态判决器 1005判断耳机的当前状态。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 当耳机的当前状态为 noHowling时，开启 ANR; 当耳机的当前状态为 Howling时， 关闻 ANR。 这样就实现了啸叫抑制。 综上所述， 本发明这.种利用设置于 ANR耳机的在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位 置第一麦克风和设置于 ANR耳机的在被佩戴时位于耳道内的位置的第二麦克风 所采集的信号之间的关系，判断该 ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生啸叫的状 态还是可能产生嘯叫的状态， 当该 ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产生嘯叫的状态 时， 启动防止嘯叫产生的处理的技术方案， 能够判决 ANR耳机是否处于可能产 生嘯叫的状态， 并且在判决出 ANR耳机处于可能产生啸叫的状态时进行嘯叫处 理， 因此能够在 A R耳机在可能产生啸叫的状态时， 防止啸叫的产生。 进而可 以做到 ANR耳机始终没有啸叫产生， 从而避免器件损伤， 减少用户的不适感。
以上所述仅为本.发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均包含在 本发明的保护范围内。

Claims

1 > 一种应用于主动噪声消除 ANR耳机的啸叫抑制方法， 其中， 该方法包 括：
利用第一麦克风和第二麦克風采集信号； 其中， 第一麦克风设置于 ANR耳 机在被保戴时位于耳道外的位置， 第二麦克风设置于所述 ANR耳机在被佩戴时 位于耳道内的位置；
根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所采集的信号之间的关系， 判断所述 ANR耳 机的当前状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生啸叫的状态；
当所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产生嘯叫的状态时， 开启防止嘯叫产生 的处理。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所 采集的信号之间的关系， 判断所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生啸叫的状 态还是可能产生嘯叫的状态包括：
根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所采集的信号， 计算出第一麦克风到第二麦 克风的传递函数；
根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的传递函数的时域特性， 判断所述 ANR耳机 的当前状态为不可能产生啸叫的状态还是可能产生嘯叫的状态； 或者， 根据第 一麦克风到第二麦克风的传递函数的频域特性， 判断所述 A R耳机的当前状态 为不可能产生啸叫的祆态还是可能产生啸叫的状态。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其中， 所述根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的 传递函数的时域特性， 判断所述 ANR耳机的当前欤态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态 还是可能产生啸叫的状态包括：
令时域判决统计量为第一麦克风到第二麦克风的时域传递函数的前 M阶的 平方和与前 N阶的平方和之比； 其中 N为自然数， N是所述时域传递函数的长 度， M为小于 Ή的自然数；
如果所述时域判决统计量小于判决门限， 则判断为不可能产生啸叫的状态； 如果所述时域判决统计量大于判决门限， 则判断为可能产生嘯叫的状态， 其中 判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其中， 所述根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的 传递函数的频域特性， 判断所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态 还是可能产生嘯叫的状态包括：
令频域判决统计量为第一麦克风到第二麦克风的频域传递函数的前 M阶的 模平方和与前 M + 1到 N/2阶的模平方和之比; N为自然数， N是所述频域传 递函数的长度， M为小于 Ή/2的自然数;
如果所述频域判决统计量小于判决门限， 则判断为可能产生啸叫的状态； 如果所述频域判决统计量大于判决门限， 则判断为不可能产生嘯叫的状态， 其 中判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述防止嘯叫产生的处理包括： 修改 ANR参数或关闭 ANR电 、。
6、 如权利要求 1至 5中任一项所述的方法， 其中，
当所述 ANR耳机为前馈式 ANR耳机时， 所述第一麦克风即为实现前馈式 ANR所需的参考麦克风 REF MIC;
当所述 ANR耳机为反馈式 ANR耳机时， 所述第二麦克风即为实现反馈式 ANR所需的误差麦克风 ERR MIC;
当所述 ANR耳机为混合式 ANR耳机时， 所述第一麦克風即为实现前馈式 ANR所需的参考麦克风 REF MIC , 所述第二麦克风即为实现反馈式 ANR所需 的误差麦克风 ERR MIC。
7、 一种应用于主动噪声消除 ANR耳机的嘯叫抑制装置， 其中， 该装置包 括：
第一麦克风， 设置于所述 ANR耳机在被佩戴时位于耳道外的位置； 第二麦克风， 设置于所述 ANR耳机在被佩戴时位于耳道内的位置； 状态判断器， 根据第一麦克风和第二麦克风所采集的信号之间的关系， 判 断所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为不可能产生嘯叫的状态还是可能产生嘯叫的状 态；
啸叫处理器，在所述状态判断器输出的所述 ANR耳机的当前状态为可能产 生嘯叫的状态时， 开启防止嘯叫产生的处理。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的装置， 其中， 所述状态判断器包括：
第一数据缓存器， 緩存第一麦克风采集的数字信号；
第二数据缓存器， 緩存第二麦克风采集的数字信号；
传递函数估计器， 根据第一数据缓存器和第二数据緩存器中的数据计算第 一麦克风到第二麦克风的时域传递函数；
判决统计量计算器， 根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的时域传递函数的前 M 阶的平方和与前 N阶的平方和之比， 得到时域判决统计量; 其中， N为自然数, N是所述时域传递函数的长度， M为小于 N的自然数；
以及， 状态判决器， 用于在所述时域判决统计量小于判决门限时判断为不 可能产生啸叫的状态， 在所述时域判决统计量大于判决门限时判断为可能产生 嘯叫的状态， 其中判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的装置， 其中， 所述状态判断器包括：
第一数据缓存器， 缓存第一麦克风采集的数字信号；
第二数据缓存器， 缓存第二麦克风采集的数字信号；
传递函数估计器， 根据第一数据缓存器和第二数据缓存器中的数据计算第 一麦克风到第二麦克风的频域传递函数；
判决统计量计算器， 根据第一麦克风到第二麦克风的频域传递函数的前 M 阶的模平方和与前 M + 1到 N/2阶的模平方和之比， 得到频域判决统计量； 其 中， N为自然数， 是所述频域传递函数的长度， M为小于 N/2的自然数；
以及， 状态判决器， 用于在所述频域判决统计量小于判决门限时判断为可 能产生啸叫的状态， 在所述频域判决统计量大于判决门限时判断为不可能产生 嘯叫的状态， 其中判决门限随耳机结构变化而变化， 由统计得出。
10 , 如权利要求 7至 9中任一项所述的装置， 其中，
当所述 ANR耳机为前馈式 ANR耳机时， 所述第一麦克风即为实现前馈式 AN 所需的参考麦克风 REF MIC;
当所述 ANR耳机为反馈式 ANR耳机时， 所述第二麦克风即为实现反馈式 AN 所需的误差麦克风 ERR MIC;
当所述 ANR耳机为混合式 ANR耳机时， 所述第一麦克风即为实现前馈式 ANR所需的参考麦克风 REF MIC， 所述第二麦克风即为实现反5贲式 ANR所需 的误差麦克风 ERR MIC。
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