WO2015007130A1 - 一种采集太阳光的光催化反应系统 - Google Patents

一种采集太阳光的光催化反应系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015007130A1
WO2015007130A1 PCT/CN2014/080123 CN2014080123W WO2015007130A1 WO 2015007130 A1 WO2015007130 A1 WO 2015007130A1 CN 2014080123 W CN2014080123 W CN 2014080123W WO 2015007130 A1 WO2015007130 A1 WO 2015007130A1
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Prior art keywords
light
convex lens
lens group
transmitting
sunlight
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PCT/CN2014/080123
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈义龙
杨清萍
张岩丰
Original Assignee
中盈长江国际新能源投资有限公司
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Priority to LTEP14825810.6T priority Critical patent/LT3023387T/lt
Priority to SI201430959T priority patent/SI3023387T1/sl
Priority to DK14825810.6T priority patent/DK3023387T3/en
Priority to EP14825810.6A priority patent/EP3023387B1/en
Publication of WO2015007130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015007130A1/zh
Priority to US14/995,172 priority patent/US9675955B2/en
Priority to HRP20181860TT priority patent/HRP20181860T1/hr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
    • C01B13/0207—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/12—Light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0801—Controlling the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0871—Heating or cooling of the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0875—Gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/12—Processes employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J2219/1203—Incoherent waves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
    • C01B2203/1223—Methanol
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of photocatalysis reaction, in particular to an apparatus for collecting sunlight for photocatalytic reaction, and more particularly to collecting sunlight for photocatalytic pure water to produce hydrogen or photocatalytic carbon dioxide and pure water.
  • hydrogen is the fuel with the highest calorific value except nuclear fuel, which is 142.35 kJ/kg, which is three times the calorific value of gasoline, has the characteristics of good combustion performance and high efficiency. More importantly, hydrogen is an environmentally friendly clean energy source that does not produce environmentally harmful pollutants other than water. It can be seen that hydrogen is an ideal new energy system, and it is highly promising to replace the fossil fuels that are now widely used to solve the dilemma that human beings are currently in.
  • the primary problem in the development and utilization of hydrogen energy is the development of hydrogen sources.
  • the use of solar photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen is a sustainable development path and provides an ideal way for the utilization of solar energy, so it has become a research that people are competing to carry out. project.
  • Xenon lamps are widely used as artificial analog visible light sources for photocatalytic reaction research and development, and some achievements have been made, such as: Chinese patents 201210501752.7, 200710072683.1, 201110144999.3, 200810048904.6, etc., Fudan University Photocatalysis Laboratory, Harbin Institute of Technology Photocatalysis Laboratory
  • the photocatalyst laboratory of Wuhan University has adopted Xenon lamp or high-pressure mercury lamp for research and development, and the research and development of direct use of sunlight is rare and rarely reported.
  • the present invention designs a solar photocatalytic reaction system that collects sunlight and concentrates sunlight to increase its light intensity.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic reaction system which is simple in structure and capable of adaptively tracking sunlight and collecting sunlight according to environmental changes, so that the photocatalytic reaction process is actually performed in the full spectrum of sunlight.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • the utility model relates to a photocatalytic reaction system for collecting sunlight, which is mainly composed of a light collecting device, a light conducting device and a light-transmitting reactor capable of transmitting the full spectrum light of the sunlight; the top of the light collecting device shell is a full transparent protective cover.
  • a multi-layer glare lens group consisting of at least one convex lens is disposed under the hood in the direction of the light ray; a solar radiation measuring instrument is arranged on the illuminator housing, and the bottom of the housing is fixed on the two-degree-of-freedom bracket formed by the pitch main axis and the azimuth main shaft connection On the free end, the bottom azimuth spindle of the two-degree-of-freedom bracket is connected to the base; the azimuth spindle and the pitch spindle are each configured with a servo motor, and the azimuth spindle and the pitch spindle can be driven by respective servo motors to track the relative rotation of the sun;
  • the concentrated light collected by the convex lens group is concentrated by the light-conducting device, and the concentrated light is directed to the light-transmitting reactor;
  • the light-transmitting reactor is composed of a light-transmitting cylinder and a sealing cover, and a sealing cover is arranged on the light-trans
  • the multi-layer convex lens of the lighting convex lens group is distributed from top to bottom in the optical path direction, and from top to bottom, the focusing point of at least two convex lenses of the first layer falls on the adjacent one convex lens below, In this way, the focus points of the penultimate layer convex lens all fall on the lowermost convex lens;
  • the light conducting device is a flexible optical fiber bundle, and the lowermost convex lens is coupled with the optical fiber bundle; or the light conducting device is a guide
  • a concave lens is disposed under the convex lens of the lowermost layer of the illuminating convex lens group, and the concave lens and the illuminating convex lens group together form a convex-concave lens group that aligns the light into parallel light and is coupled with the light guiding tube.
  • the light-conducting device is a flexible optical fiber bundle fixed at a vertical end, and the beginning end of the flexible optical fiber bundle is fixed on the light collector housing; the focus of the lowermost convex lens of the lighting convex lens group is located at the receiving end of the optical fiber bundle
  • the terminal of the optical fiber bundle is provided with a terminal lens group, and the light concentrated and arranged by the terminal lens group is directed to the light-transmitting cylinder.
  • the light-conducting device is a light-guide tube fixed at a vertical end; a convex-concave lens group coupled with the light guide tube is disposed in the light guide housing; and a pitch spindle and an azimuth spindle connected to the light guide housing
  • the hollow cylinders are provided with a reflective film on the inner wall, and the optical paths in the hollow cylinder of the pitch main axis and the azimuth main shaft are connected; a set of parallel mirrors are arranged at an angle of 45o in the pitch main axis and the pitch spindle axis, and the azimuth spindle bottom and the azimuth spindle axis are formed.
  • the 90o angle is provided with a convex lens whose focus is located in the upper entrance of the light guide tube and the local astronomical time is 12 noon.
  • the focal point of the convex lens coincides with the axis of the light guide barrel;
  • the terminal of the light guide tube is provided with a terminal lens group, and the terminal lens group should reorganize the light into parallel light and enter the light-transmitting cylinder.
  • the light-conducting device has at least one elbow, and the light collated by the terminal lens group is directed from the side wall or the bottom of the light-transmitting cylinder to the light-transmitting cylinder.
  • the protective cover, the convex lens, the concave lens, the optical fiber bundle, and the terminal lens group are all made of a material that is highly transparent to the sunlight, and the material and the mirror and the guide that are highly transparent to the full spectrum of the sunlight.
  • the absorption or filtration of the ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light of the reflective film material covered by the light tube is preferably as small as possible, and the absorption or filtration rate is ⁇ 6%.
  • the data acquisition control box is provided with a power module, a CPU module, a communication module, a signal input module, a signal output module, a storage module, and a mounting rail, and each module is fixed on the control box housing through a mounting rail;
  • the system serial port, input and output signal interface and power interface are arranged on the side wall of the data acquisition control box, and the communication module in the box communicates with the upper PC through the serial port; the signal input module and the signal output module respectively communicate with the solar radiation measuring instrument through the input and output signal interfaces.
  • the power interface is connected to the peripheral power supply, the power supply uses AC220V power supply, or DC24V power supply or silicon photovoltaic battery power supply.
  • the reaction liquid inlet is disposed on the side wall of the transparent cylinder, and the reaction liquid outlet is disposed at the bottom; the reaction cover is provided with a plurality of reaction gas outlets, and the reaction gas conduit is inserted into the bottom of the transparent cylinder.
  • the reaction gas inlet in the liquid, the temperature sensor is inserted into the reaction liquid of the light-transmissive cylinder, and the pressure-extracting port of the pressure sensor is disposed in the gas-state zone in the light-transmitting cylinder.
  • the two-degree-of-freedom daylighting device controlled by the servo control system can automatically track the solar elevation angle and the azimuth angle, and is collected by an optical system including a plurality of lenses and light-conducting devices.
  • Converging and conducting sunlight it is convenient and unobstructed to transmit sunlight to the indoor photoreactor, so that the process of photocatalytic decomposition of H 2 O to produce hydrogen and photocatalytic decomposition (H 2 O+CO 2 ) to methanol Performed in the full spectrum of sunlight.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for transmitting light by using a light guide cylinder.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural view showing a portion where a light-conducting device and a photoreactor are connected when a light guide cylinder is used in the system.
  • Figure 3 is a B-direction view of Figure 2 .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a system for transmitting light by using an optical fiber bundle.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural view showing a portion where a light-conducting device and a photoreactor are connected when the system is transported by an optical fiber bundle.
  • Figure 6 is a B-direction view of Figure 5 .
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the system structure of a two-layer convex lens group composed of seven convex lenses in the first layer.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the first-layer convex lens of Figure 7 (viewed in the direction of arrow A of Figure 7).
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of the optical path at the end of the light-conducting device from the bottom of the light-receiving cylinder of the photoreactor into the photoreactor.
  • 10-13 are schematic diagrams showing the combination of the number of convex lenses of the first layer convex lens group of 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, respectively.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of modules in the data acquisition control box.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition control box and the connection with the PC.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the light transmitting member adopts a light guiding tube.
  • 1 is a daylighting device, which is provided with a protective cover 1a made of a transparent material which is highly transparent to sunlight, and a solar radiation measuring instrument 6 is mounted on the casing of the light collecting device, and the top of the light collecting device is provided
  • a concave lens 1bc is disposed below the convex lenses 1b, 1b that converge sunlight, and the convex lenses 1b and 1bc act together to make the light become parallel light, and the lower portion of the light fixture is fixed to the right end of the cylindrical hollow pitch spindle 2, and the right end of the pitch spindle 2
  • the plane mirror 1c1 is provided, and the left end of the pitch spindle 2 is provided with a plane mirror 1c2, and the plane mirror 1c1 and the plane mirror 1c2 are arranged in parallel and are each placed at 45 degrees with the main axis of the pitch spindle 2.
  • the corners are fixed in the hollow cylinder of the pitch spindle 2.
  • the pitch spindle 2 and the azimuth spindle 2a are both hollow cylinders in which the inner wall is provided with a reflection film, the left end of the pitch spindle 2 is mounted on the upper portion of the azimuth spindle 2a, and the lower portion of the azimuth spindle 2a is axially coupled to the base 5 via the bearing 3; the azimuth spindle 2a and The pitching spindle constitutes a two-degree-of-freedom bracket, and the right end of the pitching spindle 2 is a free end; the bottom of the azimuth spindle 2a is provided with a starting focal length convex lens 1d of the light guiding cylinder 4.
  • the light guide cylinder 4 is fixed on the base 5, and the focus end 1e of the light guide cylinder 4 is focused on the focus lens 1d of the convex lens 1d, and should be located at the beginning of the light guide cylinder 4, and the local time of the strongest intensity is noon (local noon time 12 noon)
  • the focus 1e of the convex lens 1d should coincide with the axis of the light guide tube 4, and the light guide tube 4 is coated with a silver plated or aluminized reflective film on the inner wall of the barrel. After the light is entered, it will be totally reflected by the elbow of the light guide tube 4 and turned.
  • the terminal of the light guide tube 4 is provided with a lens group consisting of a convex mirror 4a and a concave lens 4b.
  • the lens group concentrates the light into parallel light and is directed to a transparent material made of sunlight (which may be borosilicate glass or polymer polyester).
  • a barrel-like photoreactor 7 made of a material such as a PMMA material or a PET material, the concentrated sunlight is directed to the side wall of the photoreactor 7, and the light enters the photoreactor from the side wall of the photoreactor 7.
  • Figure 9 shows that concentrated sunlight can also point to the bottom of photoreactor 7 from the bottom of photoreactor 7 into the photoreactor.
  • the photoreactor 7 is composed of a light-transmissive cylindrical body (which can transmit the full-spectrum light of sunlight) and a reactor sealing cover 7a, and 7b is a reaction mixture disposed in a barrel-shaped light-transmitting body and equipped with a matching catalyst.
  • a reaction mixture inlet 7c is disposed on the upper portion of the light body
  • a reaction mixture outlet 7d is disposed at the bottom of the light-transmitting body
  • a reaction gas outlet 7f and an outlet 7e are disposed on the reactor sealing cover
  • a carbon dioxide gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the light-transmitting body.
  • a temperature sensor 7a1 inserted into the liquid region of the light transmitting body and a pressure sensor 7a2 having a pressure guiding port in the gas region of the light transmitting body are disposed.
  • FIG. 14 is an internal structure diagram of the data collection control box 5a.
  • the power module 5a1, the CPU module 5a2, the communication module 5a3, and the signal input module are disposed in the box. 5a4, signal output module 5a5, storage module 5a6, mounting rail 5a7, the data acquisition control box 5a is provided with system serial ports 5b1 and 5b2, input and output signal interface 5c, power interface 5d, and the power supply adopts AC220V power supply, and can also be used. DC24V power supply, other power supply, or silicon photovoltaic battery power supply.
  • the integrated control software in the CPU module is completed together with the above functional modules: data acquisition of equipment self-test, solar radiation intensity, device azimuth and elevation angle of convex lens group, data of pitch spindle height angle data acquisition, azimuth spindle azimuth angle data acquisition , and handle the motion controlled by the servo unit.
  • the integrated control software communicates with the host PC 5e through the serial port 5b1, and the upper PC function software completes the processing and display of the measurement data, as shown in FIG.
  • the above working principle is to collect the solar light photocatalytic reaction system to track the solar device, firstly use the sun's astronomical orientation algorithm to operate at an angle to achieve automatic tracking of the sun, and through the daily daytime interval interval metering closed loop (condition is: this time The segment should be sunny, there will be cloud measurement on cloudy days, lack of light radiation signal, and closed-loop control cannot be achieved. When the light intensity of the light is set to be less than 60% of the annual average of the year, it is judged as cloudy. During this period, the real-time control system is not switched to the real-time closed-loop control mode, and the real-time control system is continued.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the optical transmission member employs an optical fiber bundle.
  • 1 is a daylighting device provided with a protective cover 1a made of a transparent material which is highly transparent to sunlight, and a solar radiation measuring instrument 6 is mounted on the casing of the light collecting device.
  • the top of the daylighting device is provided with a telescopic convex lens 1b for collecting sunlight, and a flexible optical fiber bundle 4 is disposed at a lower central axis of the daylighting device 1.
  • the beginning of the flexible optical fiber bundle is fixed on the light collector casing, and the beginning of the optical fiber bundle is
  • the receiving surface is located at the focus of the telephoto lens, the terminal end of the flexible optical fiber bundle 4 is connected with a terminal lens group, and the terminal lens group is composed of a convex lens 4a and a concave lens 4b, and the light output of the terminal lens group is directed to a transparent material of sunlight (which may be borosilicate)
  • a barrel-shaped photoreactor 7 made of glass or a polymer polyester material such as PMMA material or PET material, the concentrated sunlight is directed to the side wall of the photoreactor 7, and the light enters the photoreaction from the side wall of the photoreactor 7 Device.
  • Figure 9 shows that concentrated sunlight can also point to the bottom of photoreactor 7 from the bottom of photoreactor 7 into the photoreactor.
  • the photoreactor 7 is composed of a light-transmissive cylindrical body (which can transmit the full spectrum of sunlight) and a reactor sealing cover 7a, and 7b is a reaction mixture disposed with a matching catalyst disposed in the light-transmitting body, on the light-transmitting body.
  • a reaction mixture inlet 7c is provided
  • a reaction mixture outlet 7d is disposed at the bottom of the light-transmitting body
  • a reaction gas outlet 7f and an outlet 7e are disposed on the reactor sealing cover
  • a carbon dioxide gas inlet 7h is provided at the bottom of the light-transmitting body.
  • FIG. 14 is an internal structure diagram of the data collection control box 5a.
  • the power module 5a1, the CPU module 5a2, the communication module 5a3, and the signal input module are disposed in the box. 5a4, signal output module 5a5, storage module 5a6, mounting rail 5a7, the data acquisition control box 5a is provided with system serial ports 5b1 and 5b2, input and output signal interface 5c, power interface 5d, and the power supply adopts AC220V power supply, and can also be used. DC24V power supply, other power supply, or silicon photovoltaic battery power supply.
  • the integrated control software in the CPU module is completed together with the above functional modules: data acquisition of equipment self-test, solar radiation intensity, device azimuth and elevation angle of convex lens group, data of pitch spindle height angle data acquisition, azimuth spindle azimuth angle data acquisition , and handle the motion controlled by the servo unit.
  • the integrated control software communicates with the host PC 5e through the serial port 5b1, and the upper PC function software completes the processing and display of the measurement data, as shown in FIG.
  • the above working principle is to track the solar device of the photocatalytic reaction system for collecting sunlight, firstly using the sun's astronomical azimuth algorithm to operate at an angle to realize automatic tracking of the sun, and through the daily daytime interval interval metering closed loop (condition is: The time period should be sunny, there will be cloud measurement on cloudy days, lack of light radiation signal, closed-loop control can not be achieved. It can be determined that the light intensity is below 60% of the annual average, it is judged as cloudy.
  • the real-time control system (for example, every hour of the hour during the day, switching the 5-minute period instead of the astronomical azimuth algorithm tracking) automatically tracks the astronomical azimuth data. Corrected so that the light receiving convergence component is always aligned with the sun. Then, the sunlight is output to the photoreactor through the light guiding member to complete the photocatalytic reaction process, and the upper PC function software completes the processing and display of the measurement data.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • This embodiment is a multi-layered convex lens group in which the solar-converging convex lens 1b in the above two embodiments is replaced by a plurality of convex lens groups, and the other structures and working principles are the same, and will not be described again.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams showing the combination of a two-layer convex lens group consisting of a total of seven convex lenses 1b1 - 1b7 in the first layer.
  • the two-degree-of-freedom support tracks the sunlight through the combined action of pitch and azimuth motions, so that the convergence point of the sunlight is always It is on the lowermost convex lens.
  • 10-13 are schematic diagrams showing the combination of the number of convex lenses of the first layer convex lens group of 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, respectively.
  • first-layer convex lens may be disposed above the optical path.
  • the first layer of convex lenses are arranged in order according to the principle of optical convergence, so that the focus is on the lowermost convex lens.
  • the system composed of two layers of converging mirrors can be referred to as a telephoto lens group.
  • the number N of the first layer convex lenses can be 2. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7...
  • N N is a positive integer
  • first layer convex lens in front of the penultimate convex lens optical path from bottom to top, so that the focus point falls on the penultimate layer convex lens, so that the sun can be collected.
  • the effective area of light is further expanded.
  • the telephoto convex lens that converges sunlight is a convex lens group composed of N convex lenses arranged in an order of optical convergence, and N is a positive integer.
  • the photocatalytic reaction system for collecting sunlight using the above technical scheme is composed of a servo control system that automatically tracks the solar elevation angle and azimuth angle, and an optical system that collects and transmits and transmits sunlight, which is convenient.
  • the process of transmitting sunlight to the indoor photoreactor without hindrance, and the process of photocatalytic decomposition of H 2 O to produce hydrogen and photocatalytic decomposition (H 2 O+CO 2 ) to methanol is actually carried out in the full spectrum of sunlight.

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Abstract

一种采集太阳光的光催化反应系统，主要由采光器、光传导装置、能透射太阳光全光谱光线的透光反应器组成；采光器固定在由俯仰主轴和方位主轴连接构成的二自由度支架自由端上，且方位主轴和俯仰主轴均能通过各自伺服电机驱动作跟踪太阳的相对转动；采光器设置有多层采光凸透镜组，其采集的太阳光经过光传导装置传输会聚形成的会聚光线指向透光反应器；透光反应器由透光筒体和密封盖组成，透光筒体上设置密封盖，透光筒体内装有反应液。该系统用于光催化制氢以及光催化制甲醇和氧气的过程。

Description

一种采集太阳光的光催化反应系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光催化反应技术领域，具体涉及一种采集太阳光用于光催化反应的装备，更进一步地涉及一种采集太阳光用于光催化纯水制氢或光催化二氧化碳及纯水制甲醇的装备。
 背景技术
随着全球现代化的步伐的加快，人类对能源的需求越来越大，自然界历经几百万年逐渐形成的化石燃料，包括石油、天然气和煤，将在几百年内全部被耗尽。同时，这些化石燃料的燃烧所释放的大量二氧化碳、二氧化硫等气体也引发了“温室效应”、环境污染等重大经济、社会问题。因此，为了实现可持续发展，人们迫切需要寻找一种不依赖化石燃料、储量丰富、无污染的新的能源体系。氢能正是这样一种符合人们期待的能源。氢是自然界存在最普遍的元素之一，据推算，如果把海水中的氢全部提取出来，它所产生的总热量比地球上所有化石燃料放出的热量还大9000倍。另外，氢是除核燃料外热值最高的燃料，为142.35 kJ/kg，是汽油热值的3倍，且具有燃烧性能好、效率高的特点。更重要的是氢燃烧时除生成水外不会产生对环境有害的污染物质，是一种环境友好的清洁能源。由此可以看出，氢是一种理想的新能源体系，极有希望替代现在广泛使用的化石燃料，解决人类目前所处的困境。
氢能的开发与利用的首要问题是开发氢源，而利用太阳能光催化分解水制氢是一条可持续发展的道路，也为太阳能的利用提供了理想的途径，因此目前成为人们竞相开展的研究项目。
人们还发现利用光能在另一类复合催化剂的作用下，二氧化碳与水可合成为甲醇并释放出氧气,其中生成物甲醇是有机物,氧气是人及地球生物赖以生存的大气主要成分，这种反应类似植物的光合作用, 更重要的是甲醇是一种重要的工业原料,甲醇作为能源燃烧时除生成水外,也不会产生对环境有害的污染物质。
因此,只要人们开发出上述任意一种太阳光催化反应的工业化生产技术,人类就可以摆脱目前单纯依赖化石燃料能源的困境。
目前在国内外的光催化制氢、或制甲醇项目研发中,因自然光的不稳定性，受天气影响较大，一天之中早、中、晚的光照强度也随时段不同，为研究方便，普遍采用氙灯作为人工模拟可见光源，进行光催化反应的研发，也取得了一些成果，如：中国专利201210501752.7、200710072683.1、201110144999.3、200810048904.6等发明,复旦大学光催化实验室、哈尔滨工业大学光催化实验室、武汉大学光催化实验室均采用氙灯或高压汞灯进行研发，而直接利用太阳光的研发少之又少、鲜有报导。
然而，自然太阳光与氙灯人工模拟光还是有显著差别的。太阳光到达地面的全光谱波段因大气层的影响，各波段的强度基本上向长波段衰减，而氙灯光源的全光谱各波段的强度基本相等，就没有这种衰减落差。正因为有如此显著的的差别，而光催化效率又和光幅射强度的平方成正比，因此收集会聚太阳光,将太阳光引入光催化制氢或制甲醇技术中，来进行太阳光催化制氢或制甲醇的研发，并进一步工业化生产就很有必要，这是光催化纯水制氢或光催化二氧化碳及纯水制甲醇技术，从实验室研发，到走向工程化小试、中试、工业化生产无法规避的一道坎。
为此本发明设计了采集太阳光、并会聚太阳光增加其光强度的太阳光催化反应系统。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种结构简单、能够根据环境变化自适应追踪太阳光并采集太阳光的光催化反应系统，使光催化反应的过程真正在太阳光全光谱波段进行。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种采集太阳光的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：主要由采光器、光传导装置、能透射太阳光全光谱光线的透光反应器三部分组成；采光器壳体顶部为全透明防护罩，防护罩下方沿光线前进方向设置由至少一个凸透镜构成的多层采光凸透镜组；采光器壳体上设置太阳辐射测量仪，壳体底部固定在由俯仰主轴和方位主轴连接构成的二自由度支架自由端上，二自由度支架底部方位主轴轴接在基座上；方位主轴与俯仰主轴均各自配置伺服电机，且方位主轴和俯仰主轴均能通过各自伺服电机驱动作跟踪太阳的相对转动；采光凸透镜组采集的太阳光经过光传导装置传输会聚形成的会聚光线指向透光反应器；透光反应器由透光筒体和密封盖组成，透光筒体上设置密封盖，透光筒体内装有反应液，反应液通过光反应器上的反应气体进口和反应气出口、以及反应液进口和反应液出口分别与外界相通；光反应器上还设置温度传感器及压力传感器；温度传感器、压力传感器、太阳辐射测量仪与设置在基座上的数据采集控制箱信号连接，数据采集控制箱与各伺服电机电连接。
按上述技术方案，所述采光凸透镜组的多层凸透镜沿光路方向由上至下分布，且由上至下，首层至少2个凸透镜的会聚焦点落在下方相邻的一层凸透镜上，以此类推，倒数第二层凸透镜的会聚焦点全部落在最下层的凸透镜上；所述光传导装置为柔性光导纤维束，最下层的凸透镜与光导纤维束相耦合；或者所述光传导装置为导光筒，采光凸透镜组最下层的凸透镜下方设置一个凹透镜，该凹透镜与采光凸透镜组共同形成将光线整理为平行光且与导光筒相耦合的凸凹透镜组。
按上述技术方案，所述光传导装置为竖直端固定的柔性光导纤维束，柔性光导纤维束始端固定在采光器壳体上；采光凸透镜组的最下层凸透镜焦点位于光导纤维束始端的接受面上，光导纤维束终端设置有终端透镜组，终端透镜组汇聚并整理的光线指向透光筒体。
按上述技术方案，所述光传导装置为竖直端固定的导光筒；与导光筒相耦合的凸凹透镜组设置在采光器壳体内；与采光器壳体相连接的俯仰主轴和方位主轴均为内壁设置有反射膜的中空筒状，且俯仰主轴和方位主轴的中空筒内光路相通；俯仰主轴内与俯仰主轴轴线成45º角设置一组平行反光镜，方位主轴底部与方位主轴轴线成90º角设置一个凸透镜，其焦点位于导光筒的上端入口内，且当地天文时间正午12点 时，凸透镜的焦点与导光筒的轴线重合；导光筒终端设置有终端透镜组，终端透镜组应使光线再次整理为平行光，射入透光筒体。
按上述技术方案，所述光传导装置具有至少一个弯头，经终端透镜组整理后的的光线从透光筒体侧壁或底部指向透光筒体内。
按上述技术方案，所述防护罩、凸透镜、凹透镜、光导纤维束、终端透镜组均采用高透过太阳光全光谱的材料制作，且该高透过太阳光全光谱的材料及反射镜、导光筒内覆的反光膜材料对紫外光、可见光、红外光的吸收或过滤越小越好，其吸收或过滤率≤6%。
按上述技术方案，所述数据采集控制箱内设置有电源模块、CPU模块、通讯模块、信号输入模块、信号输出模块、存储模块、安装导轨，各模块通过安装导轨固定在控制箱壳体上；数据采集控制箱侧壁上设置有系统串口、输入输出信号接口、电源接口，箱内通讯模块通过串口与上位PC机通讯；信号输入模块、信号输出模块通过输入输出信号接口分别与太阳辐射测量仪和伺服电机信号连接；电源接口连接外设电源，所述电源采用AC220V电源、或DC24V电源或硅光伏电池电源。
按上述技术方案，透光筒体侧壁上设置有反应液入口，底部设置有反应液出口；密封盖上设置有多个反应气体出口，以及用于将反应气体导管插入透光筒体底部反应液中的反应气入口，温度传感器插入透光筒体反应液中，压力传感器的引压口设置在透光筒体中的气态区。
 有益效果
相对于现有光催化实验室氙灯人工模拟光装备，本发明由伺服控制系统控制的二自由度采光器能够自动跟踪太阳高度角及方位角，并通过包含多个透镜和光传导装置的光学系统采集会聚传导输送太阳光,可方便无障碍地将太阳光传输到室内的光反应器中，使光催化分解H2O反应制氢及光催化分解（H2O+CO2）制甲醇的过程真正在太阳光全光谱波段进行。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例来说明本发明。
图1是系统采用导光筒传输光的系统结构示意图。
图2是系统采用导光筒时的光传导装置与光反应器连接部分结构图。
图3是图2的B向视图。
图4是系统采用光导纤维束传输光的系统结构示意图。
图5是系统采用光导纤维束传输时的光传导装置与光反应器连接部分结构图。
图6是图5的B向视图。
图7是首层设置七个凸透镜组成的两层凸透镜组的系统结构示意图。
图8是图7中首层凸透镜的布置结构图（图7的A向视图）。
图9是光传导装置末端的光路从光反应器透光筒体底部射入光反应器的示意图。
图10-13是首层凸透镜组的凸透镜数目分别为2、或3、或4、或5个的组合示意图。
图14为是数据采集控制箱内模块布置示意图。
图15为是数据采集控制箱与与PC连接示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和最佳实施方式具体说明本发明。
实施例一：
本实施例中光传输部件采用导光筒。
图1-3中，1是采光器，其上设置有可高透过太阳光的透明材料制成的防护罩1a，采光器的壳体上安装有太阳辐射测量仪6，采光器顶部设置有会聚太阳光的凸透镜1b，1b的下方设置有凹透镜1bc，凸透镜1b及1bc的共同作用使光线变为平行光，采光器的下部固定在圆筒状中空的俯仰主轴2右端，俯仰主轴2的右端设置有1号平面反射镜1c1，俯仰主轴2的左端设置有2号平面反射镜1c2，1号平面反射镜1c1和2号平面反射镜1c2平行设置且均与俯仰主轴2的主轴线成45º夹角，并都固定在俯仰主轴2的中空筒内。
俯仰主轴2和方位主轴2a均为内壁设置有反射膜的中空筒状，俯仰主轴2左端安装于方位主轴2a的上部，方位主轴2a下部通过轴承3轴接在基座5上；方位主轴2a和俯仰主轴构成一个二自由度的支架，俯仰主轴2的右端即为自由端；方位主轴2a底部设置有导光筒4的始端聚焦凸透镜1d。
基座5上固定有导光筒4，导光筒4始端聚焦凸透镜1d的焦点1e，应位于导光筒4的始端入口内，光强最强的当地天文时间正午时分（当地天文时间正午12点，也即该地点当天离太阳最近的时间），凸透镜1d的焦点1e应与导光筒4的轴线相重合，导光筒4是由筒状物内壁贴有镀银或镀铝反射膜而构成的，光线入内后会随导光筒4的弯头发生全反射而转向。导光筒4的终端设置有凸头镜4a与凹透镜4b组成的透镜组，透镜组会将光线会聚整理为平行光，射向由太阳光全透明材料（可以是硼硅玻璃或高分子聚脂材料，如PMMA材料或PET材料）制成的桶状光反应器7，会聚的太阳光指向光反应器7的侧壁，光线从光反应器7的侧壁进入光反应器。图9表明会聚的太阳光也可指向光反应器7的底部，从光反应器7的底部进入光反应器。
光反应器7由透光筒形本体（能透过太阳光全光谱光线）与反应器密封盖7a组成，7b是置于桶形透光本体内的配置有相匹配催化剂的反应混合液，透光本体上部设置有反应混合液入口7c，透光本体底部设置有反应混合液出口7d，反应器密封盖上设置有反应气体出口7f及出口7e，设置有导管插入透光本体底部的二氧化碳气入口7h，设置有插入透光本体液态区的温度传感器7a1及引压口在透光本体气态区的压力传感器7a2。
在基座5上还设置有数据采集控制箱5a，图14是数据采集控制箱5a的内部结构图，图6中，箱内设置有电源模块5a1、CPU模块5a2、通讯模块5a3、信号输入模块5a4、信号输出模块5a5、存储模块5a6，安装导轨5a7，数据采集控制箱5a的侧壁上设置有系统串口5b1及5b2、输入输出信号接口5c、电源接口5d，电源采用AC220V电源，也可采用DC24V电源、其它电源、或硅光伏电池电源。CPU模块中的综合控制软件与上述各功能模块共同完成：设备自检、太阳辐射强度、设备凸透镜组法线方位角及高度角等数据采集，俯仰主轴高度角数据采集，方位主轴方位角度数据采集，和处理伺服单元控制的运动。综合控制软件通过串口5b1与上位PC机5e通讯，上位PC机功能软件完成测量数据的处理与显示，如图15所示。
上述的工作原理是采集太阳光的光催化反应系统跟踪太阳装置，首先利用太阳的天文方位算法角度运行，实现对太阳的自动跟踪，并通过每日白天定时间隔测光闭环（条件是：该时间段应是晴天，阴天有云会无法测光，缺少光幅射信号，闭环控制无法实现。可设定光幅射强度为全年日平均值的60%以下时，判断为阴天，则该时段不切换到实时闭环控制模式，继续执行天文算法角度运行）实时控制系统（例：白天每隔1小时整点时分，切换5分钟时段代替天文方位算法跟踪）对上述天文方位自动跟踪数据加以修正，从而使光接收会聚部件始终对准太阳。然后太阳光通过导光部件输出到光反应器，完成光催化反应过程。而上位PC机功能软件完成测量数据的处理与显示。
实施例二：
本实施例中光传输部件采用光导纤维束。图4-6中，1是采光器，其上设置有可高透过太阳光的透明材料制成的防护罩1a，采光器的壳体上安装有太阳辐射测量仪6。采光器顶部设置有会聚太阳光的望远凸透镜1b，采光器1的下部中心轴线处设置有柔性光导纤维束4，柔性光导纤维束始端固定在采光器壳体上，并使光导纤维束始端的接受面位于望远凸透镜的焦点上，柔性光导纤维束4终端连接有终端透镜组，终端透镜组由凸透镜4a及凹透镜4b组成，终端透镜组光线输出指向由太阳光全透明材料（可以是硼硅玻璃或高分子聚脂材料，如PMMA材料或PET材料）制成的桶状光反应器7，会聚的太阳光指向光反应器7的侧壁，光线从光反应器7的侧壁进入光反应器。图9表明会聚的太阳光也可指向光反应器7的底部，从光反应器7的底部进入光反应器。
光反应器7由透光筒形本体（能透过太阳光全光谱光线）与反应器密封盖7a组成，7b是置于透光本体内的配置有匹配催化剂的反应混合液，透光本体上设置有反应混合液入口7c，透光本体底部设置有反应混合液出口7d，反应器密封盖上设置有反应气体出口7f及出口7e、设置有导管插入透光本体底部的二氧化碳气入口7h，设置有插入透光本体反应液态区的温度传感器7a1及引压口在透光本体气态区的压力传感器7a2。
在基座5上还设置有数据采集控制箱5a，图14是数据采集控制箱5a的内部结构图，图6中，箱内设置有电源模块5a1、CPU模块5a2、通讯模块5a3、信号输入模块5a4、信号输出模块5a5、存储模块5a6，安装导轨5a7，数据采集控制箱5a的侧壁上设置有系统串口5b1及5b2、输入输出信号接口5c、电源接口5d，电源采用AC220V电源，也可采用DC24V电源、其它电源、或硅光伏电池电源。CPU模块中的综合控制软件与上述各功能模块共同完成：设备自检、太阳辐射强度、设备凸透镜组法线方位角及高度角等数据采集，俯仰主轴高度角数据采集，方位主轴方位角度数据采集，和处理伺服单元控制的运动。综合控制软件通过串口5b1与上位PC机5e通讯，上位PC机功能软件完成测量数据的处理与显示，如图15所示。
上述的工作原理是采集太阳光的光催化反应系统的跟踪太阳装置，首先利用太阳的天文方位算法角度运行，实现对太阳的自动跟踪，并通过每日白天定时间隔测光闭环（条件是：该时间段应是晴天，阴天有云会无法测光，缺少光幅射信号，闭环控制无法实现。可设定光幅射强度为全年日平均值的60%以下时，判断为阴天，则该时段不切换到实时闭环控制模式，继续执行天文算法角度运行）实时控制系统（例：白天每隔1小时整点时分，切换5分钟时段代替天文方位算法跟踪）对上述天文方位自动跟踪数据加以修正，从而使光接收会聚部件始终对准太阳。然后太阳光通过导光部件输出到光反应器，完成光催化反应过程，而上位PC机功能软件完成测量数据的处理与显示。
实施例三：
本实施例是将上述两个实施例中的太阳光会聚凸透镜1b使用多个凸透镜组置换而形成的多层凸透镜组，除此而外的结构及工作原理均相同，不再赘述。
图7和8是首层共7个凸透镜1b1—1b7组成的二层凸透镜组的组合示意图，同时，二自由度支架通过俯仰和方位运动的复合动作，追踪太阳光，使得太阳光的汇聚焦点总是落在最下层的凸透镜上。
图10-13是首层凸透镜组的凸透镜数目分别为2、或3、或4、或5个的组合示意图。
在图7和8，以及图10-13中，我们将最下层会聚太阳光的凸透镜称作为一级凸透镜，则在其上方也即光路前方可设置N个（N为正整数）首层凸透镜，首层凸透镜按光学会聚原理有序排列，使其焦点均落在最下层凸透镜上，则可将两层会聚镜组成的系统称作为望远凸透镜组，首层凸透镜的个数N可以是2、3、4、5、6、7……。
依此类推，还可以在由下往上在倒数第二层凸透镜光路前方设置N个（N为正整数）首层凸透镜，使其会聚焦点落在倒数第二层凸透镜上，就可使收集太阳光的有效面积进一步扩大。
我们把这种逐级递增结构方式简述为：会聚太阳光的望远凸透镜是由N个凸透镜按光学会聚原理有序排列组成的凸透镜组，N为正整数。
综上所述，采用上述技术方案构成的采集太阳光的光催化反应系统，其采光装置由自动跟踪太阳高度角及方位角的伺服控制系统及采集会聚传导输送太阳光的光学系统组成,可方便无障碍地将太阳光传输到室内的光反应器，使光催化分解H2O反应制氢及光催化分解（H2O+CO2）制甲醇的过程真正在太阳光全光谱波段进行。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种采集太阳光的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：主要由采光器、光传导装置、能透射太阳光全光谱光线的透光反应器三部分组成；采光器壳体顶部为全透明防护罩，防护罩下方沿光线前进方向设置由至少一个凸透镜构成的多层采光凸透镜组；采光器壳体上设置太阳辐射测量仪，壳体底部固定在由俯仰主轴和方位主轴连接构成的二自由度支架自由端上，二自由度支架底部方位主轴轴接在基座上；方位主轴与俯仰主轴均各自配置伺服电机，且方位主轴和俯仰主轴均能通过各自伺服电机驱动作跟踪太阳的相对转动；采光凸透镜组采集的太阳光经过光传导装置传输会聚形成的会聚光线指向透光反应器；透光反应器由透光筒体和密封盖组成，透光筒体上设置密封盖，透光筒体内装有反应液，反应液通过光反应器上的反应气体进口和反应气出口、以及反应液进口和反应液出口分别与外界相通；光反应器上还设置温度传感器及压力传感器；温度传感器、压力传感器、太阳辐射测量仪与设置在基座上的数据采集控制箱信号连接，数据采集控制箱与各伺服电机电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：所述采光凸透镜组的多层凸透镜沿光路方向由上至下分布，且由上至下，首层至少2个凸透镜的会聚焦点落在下方相邻的一层凸透镜上，以此类推，倒数第二层凸透镜的会聚焦点全部落在最下层的凸透镜上；所述光传导装置为柔性光导纤维束，最下层的凸透镜与光导纤维束相耦合；或者所述光传导装置为导光筒，采光凸透镜组最下层的凸透镜下方设置一个凹透镜，该凹透镜与采光凸透镜组共同形成将光线整理为平行光且与导光筒相耦合的凸凹透镜组。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：所述光传导装置为竖直端固定的柔性光导纤维束，柔性光导纤维束始端固定在采光器壳体上；采光凸透镜组的最下层凸透镜焦点位于光导纤维束始端的接受面上，光导纤维束终端设置有终端透镜组，终端透镜组汇聚并整理的光线指向透光筒体。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：所述光传导装置为竖直端固定的导光筒；与导光筒相耦合的凸凹透镜组设置在采光器壳体内；与采光器壳体相连接的俯仰主轴和方位主轴均为内壁设置有反射膜的中空筒状，且俯仰主轴和方位主轴的中空筒内光路相通；俯仰主轴内与俯仰主轴轴线成45º角设置一组平行反光镜，方位主轴底部与方位主轴轴线成90º角设置一个凸透镜，其焦点位于导光筒的上端入口内，且当地天文时间正午12点 时，凸透镜的焦点与导光筒的轴线重合；导光筒终端设置有终端透镜组，终端透镜组应使光线再次整理为平行光，射入透光筒体。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4之一所述的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：所述光传导装置具有至少一个弯头，经终端透镜组整理后的的光线从透光筒体侧壁或底部指向透光筒体内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：所述防护罩、凸透镜、凹透镜、光导纤维束、终端透镜组均采用高透过太阳光全光谱的材料制作，反射镜、导光筒内覆的反光膜材料对紫外光、可见光、红外光的吸收或过滤率≤6%。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4之一或5所述的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：所述数据采集控制箱内设置有电源模块、CPU模块、通讯模块、信号输入模块、信号输出模块、存储模块、安装导轨，各模块通过安装导轨固定在控制箱壳体上；数据采集控制箱侧壁上设置有系统串口、输入输出信号接口、电源接口，箱内通讯模块通过串口与上位PC机通讯；信号输入模块、信号输出模块通过输入输出信号接口分别与太阳辐射测量仪和伺服电机信号连接；电源接口连接外设电源，所述电源采用AC220V电源、或DC24V电源或硅光伏电池电源。
  8. 根据权利要求1-4之一或5所述的光催化反应系统,其特征在于：透光筒体侧壁上设置有反应液入口，底部设置有反应液出口；密封盖上设置有多个反应气体出口，以及用于将反应气体导管插入透光筒体底部反应液中的反应气入口，温度传感器插入透光筒体反应液中，压力传感器的引压口设置在透光筒体中的气态区。
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