WO2015003545A1 - 虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法及其专用设备 - Google Patents

虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法及其专用设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015003545A1
WO2015003545A1 PCT/CN2014/080065 CN2014080065W WO2015003545A1 WO 2015003545 A1 WO2015003545 A1 WO 2015003545A1 CN 2014080065 W CN2014080065 W CN 2014080065W WO 2015003545 A1 WO2015003545 A1 WO 2015003545A1
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larvae
cordyceps
stage
host
insects
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PCT/CN2014/080065
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘飞
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重庆市中药研究院
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Publication of WO2015003545A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015003545A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insect word cultivation method, and more particularly to a method for artificial expansion of a Cordyceps host insect and a special equipment thereof.
  • Cordyceps sinensis Cordyceps sinensis Cordyceps Si l lcnsis (Berk. ) sacc. A complex of larvae and larvae that are parasitic on the larvae of the bat moth.
  • A. sinensis also known as Hawkes Cordyceps.
  • This product is a stalk of the ergot fungus, C. hawkesi i Gray, which is parasitic on the larvae of lepidopteran insects.
  • Branched Cordyceps sinensis a stalk of the ergot fungus C. rarnosa Teng parasitized on the larvae of lepidopteran insects.
  • Valerian also known as Cordyceps militaris, is a genus of the genus C. mi litaris t.) 1 ink. Parasitic on the larvae of the genus Noctuidae and worms. C. sinensis, a stalk of the ergot fungus C. barnesis Thwaites parasitic on the larvae of lepidopteran insects.
  • Chinese Patent Application (Publication No.: CN19700734A) discloses a method for producing Cordyceps sinensis.
  • Chinese Patent Application (Publication No.: CN1970733A) discloses a method for cultivating Cordyceps sinensis in a bat moth enclosure field,
  • Chinese Patent Application (publication number: CN1948456A) A method for increasing the yield of Cordyceps sinensis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is disclosed.
  • Chinese Patent Application discloses a method for increasing the yield of Cordyceps sinensis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, increasing the number of adults or larvae in the captive area to improve the survival rate of bat moth larvae.
  • the larvae of the bat moth develop to 6-8 years old, the larvae of the bat moth are infected by applying the cytotoxic spores to the entire captivity site, and the bat moth larvae are completely infected and the temperature and humidity protection settings are removed to restore the natural temperature and humidity. .
  • the growth process of the whole Cordyceps sinensis is carried out in the same area.
  • the present invention provides a method for artificially expanding the insects of the Cordyceps host insects, including an egg stage, a larval stage, a scorpion stage and an adult stage; the method is a Cordyceps host insect.
  • a separate isolation method is used for the larval stage and the pupa stage.
  • the larvae are placed on a moisturizing material having a mass water content of 50 to 500%, wherein no flowing water flow can occur on the moisturizing material.
  • the Cordyceps host insect is a Lepidoptera bat moth insect.
  • the incubation temperature is 8 to 25 °C.
  • the device consists of a box with a bottom permeable tank, a partitioning device (2), a moisturizing material and a lid that matches the partitioning device; the moisturizing material is arranged at At the bottom of the box, the partitioning device is provided with a moisturizing material, and the lid covers the upper portion of the partitioning device.
  • the seepage tank at the bottom of the box body is matched with the partition device, the seepage tank can be nested in the upper edge of the partition device, and the upper and lower portions of the partition device are closed to form a closed space; the combination of the box body and the partition device can The layers overlap and the lid covers the top.
  • the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) avoiding the mutual killing and mutual infection of the host larvae; 2) additionally providing a seepage tank on the inner bottom surface of the casing 1, not only preventing water from accumulating on the moisturizing material, but also The moisture remaining in the sump is also used to maintain the humidity of the moisturizing material; 3) The structure of the larvae of the Cordyceps host larvae is stable, and can be stacked in the process of cultivating the host larvae, effectively utilizing the space, suitable for large-scale production; Observe and manage the daily living conditions of larvae to avoid artificial mechanical damage.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the larvae of the Cordyceps host larvae
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the casing 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the blocking device 2
  • FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the feathering tray
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of multi-layer combination of Cordyceps host larvae cultivation tray 2;
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the blocking device 2 2
  • FIG. 7 Schematic diagram of the partition device 2 inverted
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the inverted structure of the casing 1;
  • Figure 9 is a flow chart of the artificial expansion method of Cordyceps host insects.
  • 1 box 1-1 seepage tank, 1-2 box ribs, 2 partitions, 3 lids, 4 barrels, 4-1 gauze, 4-2 plates.
  • Example 1 Structure and use method of Cordyceps host larvae cultivation tray and feathering tray
  • the special equipment for the artificial expansion of Cordyceps host insects is named as the Cordyceps host larvae cultivation tray in the specific production.
  • the worm The grass host larvae cultivation tray is composed of a box body 1, a moisturizing material, a partitioning device 2 and a lid 3; wherein, one scheme (as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3), the box body 1 is an upper portion.
  • An open box-like or disc-shaped structure is horizontally formed at the bottom of the casing 1, and a seepage tank 1-1 having a strip-shaped recess is provided on the inner bottom surface, and a side of the casing 1 is provided with a box reinforcing rib 1-2.
  • the seepage tank 1-1 may be composed of parallel strip-shaped grooves, or may be composed of a plurality of grooves intersecting.
  • the seepage tank at the bottom of the box is matched with the upper edge of the partition device, and the seepage tank can be nested in the upper edge of the partition device, the partition device
  • the upper and lower parts are closed to form a closed space; the combination of the casing (1) and the partitioning device can be overlapped layer by layer, and the lid is covered at the uppermost portion.
  • a layer of filtering moisturizing material is provided on the inner bottom surface, and the material may be a plant fiber material or a glass fiber material; or a water absorbing material made of cotton cloth or water absorbing foam, the requirement for the above hydrating material is water absorption capacity at a mass water content of 50 Between % and 500%; the moisturizing material is covered on the entire inner bottom surface of the casing 1 during use.
  • a partitioning device 2 is further disposed on the bottom surface of the casing 1 covering the moisturizing material, and the partitioning device 2 is composed of one or more barrel-shaped structures which are open at both ends. As shown in FIG. 1, the partitioning device 2 is placed. After the moisturizing material is applied and the lid 3 is capped, the barrel structure in each of the partitioning devices 2 forms an enclosure. Or as shown in FIG. 5, the lower portion of the partitioning device 2 is closed by the inner bottom of the casing 1, and the upper portion of the partitioning device 2 is closed by the lower portion of the casing 1 of the Cordyceps host larval cultivating tray to form an enclosure; and the partitioning device The combination of 2 and the casing 1 can be overlapped layer by layer.
  • the moisturizing material is firstly covered on the entire inner bottom surface of the casing 1, and then the partitioning device 2 is placed, and water is sprayed onto the moisturizing material to make the moisture content of the moisturizing material reach 50 to 500%, and then The Cordyceps host larvae are respectively placed in the upper open box formed by the partition device 2 and the inner bottom surface of the casing 1, and one of each box is placed, and the larvae of the Cordyceps host larvae need to be eaten, or some of them can be added at the same time.
  • a larvae-avoiding substrate humidity or artificial substrate
  • capping the lid 3 or placing the next layer allowing each of the Cordyceps host larvae to be cultured in a separate enclosed space, at regular intervals
  • the combination of the box 1 and the partition device 2 is taken out layer by layer, or the lid 3 is opened.
  • the partition device 2 is taken out to stock the host larvae of the cordyceps to another larvae larvae cultivation tray, and the stocking method is the same. Then, the used Cordyceps host larvae cultivation tray is cleaned and disinfected for reuse.
  • the feathering tray (shown in FIG. 4) is composed of more than one barrel structure 4 having an upper end opening larger than the lower end opening; convenient for catching the larva, or a device similar to the seedling tray; the lower end of the barrel structure 4 is placed on the fixed tray On the 4-2, the upper end opening is provided with a gauze 4-1 for preventing the host insect from escaping.
  • the moisturizing material is placed on the fixed plate 4-2 during use, and the barrel structure 4 is placed on the wet material, the crucible is placed in the barrel structure 4, and then the upper gauze 4-1 is covered; Within the enclosed space.
  • the collection of eggs is carried out under environmental conditions that require no cleanliness and a cleanliness of 300,000.
  • the eggs produced by the adults of Hunan bat moth, Napialus hunanensis Chu et Wang) and Gongga bat moth (Hepialus gonggaensis Fu et Huang) were collected.
  • the specific harvesting method is: in the harvesting area, the adult (or the adult collected from the species rejuvenation area) that emerged in each breeding square on the day is placed in a supported mosquito net mat (by gauze or It can be ventilated and breathable, but it can avoid the escape of insects.)
  • the mosquito nets are hung inside or placed in the egg frame, such as green grass, branches with green leaves or bamboo poles, etc. Placed in the egg box.
  • the environment can use the large projector to play the natural environment climate sound and image for the corresponding time period (the main purpose is to imitate its natural environmental conditions), and Under the condition of 8 ⁇ 25 °C, the female adult and the male adult are mated, and the adult can be mated 1-3 times in the life cycle of 5-15 d.
  • the entire process is carried out under conditions of a humidity of 60 to 70%. Spawning begins shortly after mating.
  • the spawning temperature is controlled at 8 to 25 ° C and the humidity is controlled at 60 to 70%; it is carried out under the conditions of natural photoperiod and natural light intensity.
  • the eggs laid by the adults in the mosquito net are scattered to the bottom of the net bed of the mosquito net – in the egg frame, a dry soft filter paper or cotton cloth or other fibrous material is placed at the bottom of the egg frame to hold the eggs.
  • the mosquito net is separated from the connection with the egg frame, and the end of the net net is collected and opened, and then the egg frame is removed, and the end of the net net is placed in the newly prepared egg box to receive the newly laid egg. Dry the filter paper or cotton or other fibrous material that holds the eggs out of the egg frame, remove the impurities, and concentrate the eggs in a wire mesh that does not leak.
  • the egg collection time is 3 times a day, morning, noon and evening. Egg collection was done at 8 to 25 °C. The entire process is carried out under conditions of a humidity of 60 to 70%, a natural photoperiod and a natural light intensity.
  • the eggs are collected, they are transferred to an environment with a cleanliness requirement of not less than 100,000 eggs for egg washing and egg hatching; workers are required to wear overalls, masks and hats.
  • the eggs that have just been concentrated in the steel mesh are not washed into the cold water or the 75% alcohol heated at 60 ⁇ 100 °C for more than 10 seconds.
  • the second method is used to clean the interval.
  • the third method was washed by the same method, and the washing was carried out in stages after washing.
  • the first stage is to clean the eggs until the beginning of the hatching.
  • the eggs are placed on filter paper or cotton cloth or other fiber materials with a certain humidity.
  • the standard of humidity is the degree of humidity when seeing water and not seeing the water when tilting.
  • the incubation temperature is 8 ⁇ 25°C
  • the light condition is natural light intensity and photoperiod
  • the second stage is when egg starts to hatch until all eggs are hatched, all eggs are transferred to Incubate under anhydrous conditions; if transferred to dry filter paper, the dry filter paper can be placed directly on the mixture of the substrate and the word for the initial hatching larvae. After the larva hatches, it can climb into the mixture and protect it from light. Moisturizing and feeding; it is also possible to directly put the eggs that are hatching or about to be hatched into the mixture.
  • the words of the Cordyceps host larvae are carried out under environmental conditions with a cleanliness requirement of not less than 100,000; workers are required to wear work clothes, masks and hats. 1000 larvae of the Gongga bat moth obtained by the above method were collected, and the larvae of the bat moth were named; the larvae of the Hunan bat moth obtained by the above method were collected and given a group named Hunan bat moth.
  • the treatment of the Gongga bat moth group includes an intensive wording stage and a single isolation wording stage;
  • the intensive wording stage is treated as follows: 1000 larvae that have just hatched under dry conditions are divided into 10 groups and transferred to a small number of rhizomes mainly mixed with bead buds, chrysanthemum, carrots, and fruit of life and other plateau plants.
  • the plateau humus soil (which can also be replaced by an artificial substrate).
  • the humus soil can be clumped by hand and the hand can be released without the humidity standard.
  • the word temperature condition is 8 ⁇ 18 °C.
  • the word density is the amount of no more than 30 larvae in the unit word box (length 30cmX width 20cm height X 15cm).
  • the newly hatched larvae Since the newly hatched larvae have weak activity, small range of activity, and weak damage between individuals, the newly hatched larvae can be adapted to intensive words.
  • the intensive larvae of the newly hatched larvae are cultivated for about 30 to 60 days (depending on the temperature of the word and the occurrence of the disease, the specific time is determined. In the range of the word temperature of 8 to 18 ° C, the lower the word temperature, the intensive words The time is relatively longer; the more serious the disease occurs, the shorter the intensive wording is). During the period, you can replace or add the word and matrix according to the degree of decay of the word and the number of diseases.
  • the staff When replacing or adding larval word materials or matrices, in addition to the conventional anti-microbial contamination, the staff must wear finger cots to avoid disease transmission, and the tools that touch the diseased worms or pathogens should be replaced in time.
  • the bead buds, chrysanthemums and carrots are washed with water and then cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner. After that, they are processed into small pieces in the clean workshop for the newly hatched larvae to eat; the fruits are washed with water and then ultrasonically cleaned, then It is directly used for larvae to eat; bead buds, chrysanthemum, carrots and fruit of life should be cleaned or smeared before or after processing.
  • the treatment of the single isolation word is as follows: all the larvae of the intensive words in the word box are raised from 30 to 60 days, and the larvae are placed in the cultivation tray of the Cordyceps host larva provided in the example 1. Each larva lives in a separate space. The space can be added with a matrix (humus or artificial substrate) for larvae to avoid. The larvae cannot meet each other. Water is added to the moisturizing material to keep the humidity in the quality. The amount of water reaches 50 ⁇ 500%. The middle and late larvae are mainly fed with carrots, chrysanthemums, supplemented with bead buds, roots of other fruit plants or other highland plants, which can be fed a single vocabulary or a compound vocabulary.
  • the treatment of the Hunan bat moth group includes an intensive wording stage and a single isolation wording stage;
  • the treatment of the intensive wording stage is as follows: 1000 larvae that have just hatched under dry conditions are divided into 10 groups, which are transferred to the main mixed carrot, chrysanthemum, pearl bud and life fruit, supplemented by flower skin mites.
  • the humus soil can be held in groups by force, and the hand can be released without the humidity standard.
  • the word temperature condition is 15 ⁇ 25 °C.
  • the word density is the amount of no more than 30 larvae in the unit word box (length 30cmX width 20cm height X 15cm).
  • the newly hatched larvae Because of the weaker activity of the newly hatched larvae, the range of activity is small, and the damage between individuals is weak, so the newly hatched larvae can be suitable for intensive words.
  • the intensive larvae of the newly hatched larvae are cultivated for about 30 to 40 days (depending on the temperature of the word and the occurrence of the disease, the specific time is determined. In the temperature range of 15 ⁇ 25 °C, the lower the word temperature, the intensive words The time is relatively longer; the more serious the disease occurs, the shorter the intensive wording is).
  • the words and matrices may be replaced or added (the cultivation space shall be dressed according to the corresponding cleanliness requirements), and when the larval word or matrix is replaced or added, the staff shall be free of conventional anti-microbial contamination. Outside the dress, you must wear a finger cot that avoids infection.
  • the rhizome of carrot, chrysanthemum and bead buds are washed with water and then cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner, and then processed into small pieces in the clean workshop for the newly hatched larvae to eat; Wash and then serve directly to the larvae.
  • Other roots such as flower buds, orange wood, camellia, tea trees, etc. should be cleaned or smeared before or after processing. Wash with water and ultrasonic cleaner in turn, then feed the larvae directly.
  • the treatment of a single isolation word is: taking out all the larvae of the intensive words in the word box for about 30 to 40 days and placing the larvae in a single word of the Cordyceps host larvae provided in the example 1, each larva lives.
  • some matrices (humus or artificial matrices) for larvae can be added to the space, and the larvae cannot meet each other. Water is added to the moisture retaining material to maintain the humidity at a mass water content of 50 to 500%.
  • the middle and late larvae mainly feed carrots, chrysanthemums, bead buds and fruit of life, supplemented by rhizome of flower bud, orange wood, camellia, tea tree, etc., can be fed a single vocabulary, or can be fed compound vocabulary.
  • the word temperature is 15 ⁇ 25°C, and it is protected from light.
  • the culture humidity is the degree of humidity when the water is seen and the water is not seen when tilted.
  • the staff When replacing or adding larval vocabulary materials, (the culture space should be dressed according to the corresponding cleanliness requirements).
  • the staff must wear finger cots to avoid disease infection, and touch the diseased worms or pathogens during the operation.
  • the tools should be replaced in time.
  • Cordyceps host larvae require environmental conditions of no less than 100,000 levels before they are formed; workers are required to wear overalls, masks and hats.
  • the larvae of the Hunan bat moth group and the Gongga bat moth group grow into the anterior iliac stage, they are transferred to a relatively large space plastic petri dish, which can be moisturized. Fiber material or cotton Cloth or filter paper, one for each petri dish.
  • the incubation temperature of the larvae of the Gongga bat moth group is 8 ⁇ 18 °C, and the incubation temperature of the Hunan bat moth group is 15 ⁇ 25 °C, protected from light; the culture humidity is the water that sees water when it is tilted.
  • the feathering of the cockroach is carried out under environmental conditions that require no cleanliness and a cleanliness of 300,000.
  • the feathering of the dragonfly is done in the feathering tray.
  • the entire feathering tray has a plurality of feathering holes, and the moisturizing material is placed on the fixing plate 4-2 as a fiber material or a cotton cloth or a filter paper.
  • the humidity is the degree of humidity when water is not seen when tilting, and is disinfected by heating at 60 to 100 °C. Cold water moisturizing.
  • the feathering disc is covered with a gauze 4-1, which not only prevents the emergence of the feathered worm, but also becomes an attachment to the adult.
  • the mature cockroach breaks through the head first in the feathering tray, then slowly unshells, and the successful adult husks are attached to the gauze 4-1 to complete the relaxation of the wings.
  • the temperature of the feathering is 8 to 25 ° C, the light conditions are the natural light intensity and the photoperiod; the air humidity of the feathering is 60 to 70%.
  • the feathered adults are transferred to the mating bed of the nets for mating and spawning.
  • the fingertips should be replaced according to the disease during the operation.
  • the worms were counted.
  • the survival rate of insects It was found that after the completion of the intensive wording stage, the larvae of the Hunan Bat bat moth group survived 931, and the larvae of the Gongga bat moth group survived 964. After the end of the single isolation word, the larvae of the Hunan Bat bat moth group survived 872, and the larvae of the Gongga bat moth group survived 857. After the emergence of all the cockroaches, the larvae of the Hunan bat moth group survived 761, and the larvae of the Gongga bat moth group survived 753. The details are shown in Table 1.
  • the first statistical total survival rate The second statistical total survival rate
  • the third statistical total survival rate The third statistical total survival rate
  • the key to the full artificial cultivation and semi-wild cultivation of Cordyceps is the cultivation of the host larvae.
  • the 3000 larvae of the tribute bat moth collected in Example 2 were randomly divided into 3 groups; they were named as a single isolation culture group I. Intensive cultivation groups and wild stocking groups.
  • the treatment of the single isolation culture group I is: under the environmental condition that the cleanliness requirement is not less than 100,000, the larva is placed in the cultivation tray of the Cordyceps host larva provided in the first embodiment. Each larva lives in a separate space. The larvae live on moisturizing materials and cannot meet each other. Water is added to the moisturizing material to maintain the humidity at a mass water content of 50 to 500%.
  • the larvae are mainly fed with carrots, chrysanthemums, supplemented with bead buds, roots of other fruit plants or other highland plants, which can be fed a single vocabulary or a compound vocabulary. Regularly check the larvae's living conditions, and replace the vocabulary, moisturizing materials and word raising tray according to the larvae feeding situation and disease occurrence.
  • the word temperature is 8 ⁇ 18°C, which is protected from light.
  • the culture humidity is the degree of humidity when the water is seen and the water is not seen when tilting.
  • the staff When replacing the larvae's corpus or matrix, the staff must wear finger cots to avoid disease and infection, and replace the finger cots according to the disease, in addition to the conventional anti-microbial contamination.
  • the larvae of the bat moths in Gongga were all grown to the anterior iliac crest stage, which lasted for 7 months.
  • the treatment of the intensive cultivation group is as follows: Under the environmental conditions with a cleanliness requirement of not less than 100,000, the larvae of the bat moth are divided into 10 groups, which are transferred to the main mixed with bead bud, chrysanthemum, carrot and fruit. The plateau humus of a small number of rhizomes of other plateau plants (which can also be replaced by artificial substrates). The humus soil can be clumped by hand and the hand can be released without the humidity standard.
  • the word temperature condition is 8 ⁇ 18 °C.
  • the word density is the amount of no more than 30 larvae in the unit word box (length 30cmX width 20cmX height 15cm).
  • the time of intensive larvae intensive larvae is about 30 ⁇ 60d (depending on the temperature of the word and the occurrence of the disease, the specific time is determined. In the range of the word temperature of 8 ⁇ 18°C, the lower the word temperature, the time of intensive words Relatively longer; the more serious the disease occurs, the shorter the intensive wording is.) After that, the larval word density is reduced to the amount of no more than 25 larvae in the unit word box (length 30cmX width 20cmX height 15cm).
  • the larval word density was reduced to the amount of no more than 20 larvae in the unit word box (length 30 cm x width 20 cm x height 15 cm). After about 60 days of the word density, the larval word density was reduced to the amount of no more than 10 larvae in the unit word box (length 30 cm x width 20 cm x height 15 cm).
  • the word and matrix can be replaced or added according to the degree of decay of the word and the presence or absence of the disease.
  • the staff When replacing or adding larval words or matrices, the staff must wear finger cots to avoid infection when they are contaminated with conventional anti-microbial contamination.
  • the bead buds, chrysanthemums and carrots are washed with water and then cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner, and then processed into small pieces in the clean workshop for the newly hatched larvae to eat; the fruits are washed with water and then ultrasonically cleaned, then Directly for larvae to eat.
  • Bead buds, chrysanthemum, carrots, and fruit of life should be cleaned or smeared before or after processing.
  • the larvae of the tribute to the Gongga larvae all grew to the anterior iliac stage, which lasted for 7 months.
  • the treatment of the wild stocking group is: The larvae of the bat bat moth will be transferred to the summer environment of the Cordyceps sinensis and captive. In the early stage of captivity, avoid cattle and sheep trampling on the captive land, while avoiding the killing of larvae of the bat bat moth by rodents and birds. The larvae of the bat moths of Gongga were all grown to the anterior iliac stage, which lasted for 18 months. Comparing the survival rates of the Gongga bat moth group in Example 2 and the intensive cultivation group in Example 3, the single isolation culture group I, and the wild-breeding group, the survival rate of the intensive cultivation group was found only to be 7% ⁇ The survival rate of the wild-breeding group was only 11. 4%, and the survival rate of the single isolation culture group I was 87.1%, and the survival rate of the Gongga bat moth group was 85.7%. The main reasons for analyzing the reasons are as follows:
  • the larvae of Gongga bat moth have the nature of mutual killing.
  • intensive words are cultivated, a large number of larvae are concentrated together, which provides a premise for larvae to kill each other.
  • other larvae that are intensively cultivated are in the same word box. , will soon be infected by disease; in addition, it is easy to cause mechanical damage during manual operation. Therefore, the survival rate of the intensive experiment is much lower than that of the isolation breeding group;
  • the Cordyceps host larvae cultivation tray used in the invention can not only effectively prevent the mutual killing of the larvae (between), and the mutual partition between the larvae can also effectively prevent the spread of the bacteria; in addition, the inner bottom surface of the box body 1 is provided with an infiltration.
  • the water tank 1-1 not only prevents water from accumulating on the moisturizing material, but also uses the water remaining in the water immersion tank 1-1 to maintain the humidity of the moisturizing material.

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Abstract

虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法及其专用设备，包括卵阶段、幼虫阶段、蛹阶段和成虫阶段；所述方法为虫草寄主昆虫的幼虫阶段和蛹阶段采用单条隔离培育方法；1)避免了寄主幼虫的互相残杀和相互传染病害的情况；2)另外在盒体1的内底面设置有渗水槽，不仅可以避免保湿材料上出现积水，同时也利用渗水槽残留的水保持保湿材料的湿度；3)虫草寄主幼虫培育盘的结构稳固，在培育寄主幼虫的过程中可以进行重叠堆放，有效的利用了空间，适合大规模的生产；同时便于日常幼虫生活状况的观察和管理，避免人为的机械损伤。

Description

虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法及其专用设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种昆虫词养方法，更具体的说涉及一种虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法及其专用 设备。
技术背景
世界上虫草属有 507种， 其中， 公认的正品冬虫夏草为麦角菌科真菌冬虫夏草 Cordyceps Si l lcnsis (Berk. ) sacc . 寄生在蝙蝠蛾科昆虫幼虫上的子座及幼虫尸体的复合体。
另外还有一些其他的虫草分别是， 亚香棒虫草， 又名霍克斯虫草。本品为麦角菌科真菌亚 香棒虫草 C. hawkesi i Gray寄生于鳞翅目昆虫幼虫上的子座及虫体。 凉山虫草， 为麦角菌科 真菌凉山虫草 C. l iangshanensis Zang I Jut Hu. 寄生于鳞翅目昆虫幼虫上的子座及虫体。 分枝虫草，为麦角菌科真菌分枝虫草 C. rarnosa Teng寄生于鳞翅目昆虫幼虫上的子座及虫体。 蛹草， 又名北虫草， 为麦角菌科真菌蛹草 C. mi litaris t. ) 1 ink .寄生于夜蛾科幼虫上的子 座及虫体。 香棒虫草， 为麦角菌科真菌香棒虫草 C. barnesis Thwaites寄生于鳞翅目昆虫幼 虫上的子座和虫体。
中国专利申请 （公开号： CN19700734A) 公开了一种冬虫夏草的生产方法， 中国专利申请 (公开号： CN1970733A)公开了一种在蝠蛾圈养场培育冬虫夏草的方法， 中国专利申请（公开 号： CN1948456A) 公开了一种提高青藏高原冬虫夏草产量的方法， 中国专利申请 （公开号： CN19484757A) 公开了一种提高青藏高原冬虫夏草产量的方法， 增加圈养区域成虫或幼虫的数 量， 以提高蝙蝠蛾幼虫的存活率， 在蝙蝠蛾幼虫发育至 6-8龄时， 通过向整个圈养场地施用染 菌孢液的方式， 对蝙蝠蛾幼虫进行感染，蝙蝠蛾幼虫完全感染去掉温湿保护设置让其恢复到自 然温湿度。 整个冬虫夏草的生长过程都在同一地域中进行。
发明内容
为解决上述虫草种植中寄主幼虫培育难度较大的问题，本发明提供了一种虫草寄主昆虫人 工扩繁方法， 包括卵阶段、 幼虫阶段、 蛹阶段和成虫阶段； 所述方法为虫草寄主昆虫的幼虫阶 段和蛹阶段采用单条隔离培育方法。
所述单条隔离培育虫草的技术要求为：
1 ) 培育空气洁净度要求不低于 10万级；
2 )幼虫被放置在质量含水量在 50〜500%的保湿材料上， 其中保湿材料上不能出现流动的 水流。 所述虫草寄主昆虫为鳞翅目蝙蝠蛾科昆虫。
所述培育的温度是 8〜25°C。
虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁的专用设备， 所述设备由一个底部设置渗水槽的盒体、 隔断装置 ( 2)、 保湿材料和与隔断装置相匹配的盒盖四部分组成； 所述保湿材料设置在盒体的底部，隔 断装置设置保湿材料上， 盒盖覆盖在隔断装置上部。
所述盒体的底部的渗水槽与隔断装置相匹配，渗水槽能嵌套到隔断装置的上沿中， 隔断装 置的上下部被封闭， 形成一个封闭空间； 盒体和与隔断装置的组合能逐层重叠， 盒盖覆盖在最 上部。
本发明的有益技术效果是： 1 ) 避免了寄主幼虫的互相残杀和相互传染病害的情况； 2 )另 外在盒体 1的内底面设置有渗水槽， 不仅可以避免保湿材料上出现积水， 同时也利用渗水槽残 留的水保持保湿材料的湿度； 3 ) 虫草寄主幼虫培育盘的结构稳固， 在培育寄主幼虫的过程中 可以进行重叠堆放， 有效的利用了空间， 适合大规模的生产； 同时便于日常幼虫生活状况的观 察和管理，避免人为的机械损伤。 附图说明
图 1 虫草寄主幼虫培育盘的组合示意图；
图 2 盒体 1的结构示意图；
图 3 隔断装置 2的示意图；
图 4 羽化盘的结构示意图；
图 5 虫草寄主幼虫培育盘多层组合示意图 2;
图 6 隔断装置 2的示意图 2;
图 7 隔断装置 2倒置的示意图；
图 8 盒体 1倒置的结构示意图；
图 9 虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法的流程框图；
其中， 1盒体， 1-1渗水槽， 1-2盒体加强筋， 2隔断装置， 3盒盖， 4桶状结构， 4-1纱 网， 4-2固定盘。
具体实施方式
实施例 1 虫草寄主幼虫培育盘和羽化盘的结构及使用方法
虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁的专用设备， 在具体的生产中命名为虫草寄主幼虫培育盘。所述虫 草寄主幼虫培育盘由盒体 1、 保湿材料、 隔断装置 2和盒盖 3四个部分组成； 其中， 一种方 案 （如图 1、 2、 3所示）， 所述盒体 1为一个上部开口的盒状或盘状结构， 在盒体 1的底部水 平， 并且在内底面上设置有条状凹槽的渗水槽 1-1， 盒体 1的侧面设置有盒体加强筋 1-2， 渗 水槽 1-1可以是平行的条状凹槽组成， 也可以是多条凹槽交叉组成。
另外一种方案 （如图 5、 6、 7、 8所示）， 盒体的底部的渗水槽与隔断装置的上沿相匹配， 渗水槽能嵌套到隔断装置的上沿中， 隔断装置的上下部被封闭， 形成一个封闭空间； 盒体（1 ) 和与隔断装置的组合能逐层重叠， 盒盖覆盖在最上部。
在内底面上设有一层过滤保湿材料， 该材料可以是植物纤维材料， 玻璃纤维材料； 也可以 是棉布、 吸水泡沫制成的吸水材料， 对于上述保湿材料的要求是吸水能力在质量含水量 50%〜 500%之间； 在使用时将保湿材料覆盖在盒体 1的整个内底面上。
在覆盖保湿材料的盒体 1内底面还设置有隔断装置 2， 所述隔断装置 2 是由一个或多个 两端开口的桶状结构排列组成， 如附图 1所示， 将隔断装置 2放置在保湿材料上后， 且加盖盒 盖 3后， 每一个隔断装置 2中的桶状结构形成一个封闭体。 或如附图 5所示， 隔断装置 2的 的下部被盒体 1的内底部封闭， 隔断装置 2的上部被虫草寄主幼虫培育盘的盒体 1的下部封 闭， 形成一个封闭体； 且隔断装置 2与盒体 1的组合可以逐层重叠。
在使用虫草寄主幼虫培育盘时先将保湿材料覆盖在盒体 1的整个内底面上， 然后安放上 隔断装置 2， 向保湿材料上喷水使保湿材料的质量含水量达到 50〜500%， 然后将虫草寄主幼虫 分别投放到隔断装置 2与盒体 1的内底面形成的上部开口的盒体内， 每个盒体内投放一只， 并投入虫草寄主幼虫需要食用的词料， 也可以同时添加一些供幼虫躲避的基质（腐殖土或人工 基质）， 然后加盖盒盖 3或者放置下一层； 使每一只虫草寄主幼虫在一个独立封闭的空间内培 养， 每隔一段时间列行检查时将逐层取出盒体 1与隔断装置 2的组合， 或将盒盖 3打开， 当需 要更换培育盘时， 取出隔断装置 2将虫草寄主幼虫放养到另外一个虫草寄主幼虫培育盘内，放 养的方法相同， 然后将使用过的虫草寄主幼虫培育盘清洗消毒再次使用。
羽化盘（如图 4所示）由一个以上的上端开口大于下端开口的桶状结构 4 并列组成； 方便 捉拿幼虫， 也可以是一个类似育苗盘的装置； 桶状结构 4的下端置于固定盘 4-2上， 上端开口 设置有用于防止寄主昆虫成虫逃逸的纱网 4-1。 在使用时在固定盘 4-2上放置保湿材料， 再将 桶状结构 4放置在湿材料上， 将蛹放置到桶状结构 4内， 然后覆盖上纱网 4-1 ; 蛹被置于一个 封闭的空间之内。
实施例 2 虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法考察 1、 虫卵的收集
虫卵的收集在无需洁净度要求到洁净度为 30万级之间的环境条件下进行。 分别采集湖南 棒蝠蛾、Napialus hunanensis Chu et Wang)成虫和贡嘎蝙蝠蛾 （贡嘎蝠蛾 Hepialus gonggaensis Fu et Huang) 成虫产的卵。 具体采收方法是， 在采收地域， 将当天在每一个培 育方格内羽化的成虫（或从种性复壮区域内收集到的成虫）放置到一个被支撑的蚊帐交尾床内 (由纱布或可以通风透气但又可以避免成虫逃逸的材料制成）， 蚊帐内部悬挂或在盛卵框内放 置一些成虫可以附着的东西， 比如绿草、有绿色树叶的树枝或竹丫等， 蚊帐悬挂的末端置于盛 卵框内。将放有成虫的蚊帐交尾床置于自然光周期和自然光强度的环境内， 环境内可以用大型 投影仪播放相应时间段的自然环境气候声音和影像 （主要目的是模仿其自然环境条件）， 并于 8〜25°C的条件下任由雌成虫和雄成虫交配， 成虫在 5-15 d的生活周期内可以交配 1-3次。整 个过程在湿度为 60〜70%的条件下进行。 交配后不久就开始产卵。 产卵温度控制在 8〜25°C、 湿度控制在 60〜70%； 在自然光周期和自然光强度的条件下进行。 成虫在蚊帐内产下的卵散落 到蚊帐交尾床的底部——盛卵框内，盛卵框底部放置一张干燥柔软的滤纸或棉布或其它纤维材 料用于盛接产下的卵。收集时将蚊帐从其与盛卵框连接处分开后收集蚊帐末端并掀开，然后挪 走盛卵框， 同时将蚊帐末端置于新准备的盛卵框内盛接新产下的卵。将盛接卵的干燥滤纸或棉 布或其它纤维材料拿出盛卵框， 去掉杂质， 并将卵集中到不会漏出的钢丝网内。 卵收集的时间 是每天 3次， 分别是早上、 中午和晚上。 卵的收集在 8〜25°C的条件下完成。 整个过程在湿度 为 60〜70%、 自然光周期和自然光强度的条件下进行。
卵收集完后， 转移到洁净度要求不低于 10万级的环境条件下进行卵的清洗和卵的孵化；工 作人员要求穿戴工作服、 口罩和帽子。 将刚刚集中到钢丝网内的卵没入到经 60〜100°C加温消 毒的冷水中流水或 75%的酒精冲洗 10秒钟以上， 间隔 1-2分钟后采用相同方法清洗第 2次， 间隔 1-2分钟后采用相同方法清洗第 3次， 清洗完后分阶段进行孵化。第一阶段是清洗完至卵刚开始 孵化时止， 卵置于具有一定湿度的滤纸或棉布或其它纤维材料上孵化，湿度多少的标准是见水 而在倾斜时不见流水的湿度程度， 用经 60〜100°C加温消毒的冷水保湿， 孵化温度是 8〜25°C， 光照条件是自然光强度和光周期； 第二阶段为卵开始孵化时至所有卵全部孵化完毕止，将所有 卵转移到无水的条件下孵化； 如果转移到干燥的滤纸上， 可以将干燥滤纸直接放在用于词养初 孵幼虫的基质和词料的混合物上面， 幼虫孵化后可以自己爬到混合物里避光、 保湿和取食；也 可以直接将正在孵化或即将孵化的卵投放到混合物里。 卵孵化的第一阶段期间每隔 2-3天用经 60〜 100 V加温消毒的冷水流水冲洗 10秒钟左右， 并更换保湿孵化的滤纸或棉布或其它纤维材 料， 从而达到卵的清洁工作。分别收集孵化出的幼虫， 得到湖南棒蝠蛾的幼虫和贡嘎蝙蝠蛾的 幼虫。
2、 虫草寄主幼虫的词养
虫草寄主幼虫的词养在洁净度要求不低于 10万级的环境条件下进行；工作人员要求穿戴工 作服、 口罩和帽子。 收集上述方法得到的贡嘎蝙蝠蛾的幼虫 1000条， 给名为贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组；收 集上述方法得到的湖南棒蝠蛾的幼虫 1000条， 给名为湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组。
1 ) 贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组的处理包括集约化词养阶段和单条隔离词养阶段；
其中集约化词养阶段的处理为： 把在干燥条件下刚刚孵出的幼虫 1000条分为 10组， 分别 转移到主要混有珠芽蓼、菊姜、胡萝卜和人生果以及其他高原植物的少量根茎的高原腐殖土（也 可用人造基质代替） 内词养。 腐殖土以手用力握可成团， 手放开不会散的湿度标准。 词养温度 条件是 8〜18°C。词养密度是单位词养盒（长 30cmX宽 20cm高 X 15cm) 内投放不多于 30条幼 虫的量。 由于初孵幼虫的活动能力较弱， 活动范围小， 个体之间的伤害较弱， 因此初孵幼虫可 以适合集约化词养。 初孵幼虫集约化词养约 30〜60天的时间 （根据词养温度和病害发生情况 决定具体时间。 在 8〜18°C的词养温度范围内， 词养温度越低， 集约词养的时间相对更长； 病 害发生越严重， 集约词养的时间相对更短）。 期间可以根据词料的腐烂程度和病害的多少更换 或添加词料和基质。 更换或添加幼虫词料或基质时， 工作人员除常规防杂菌污染着装外， 须佩 戴避免病害传染的指套， 操作过程中触碰过病害虫体或病原菌的工具要及时更换。词料加工过 程中， 珠芽蓼、菊姜和胡萝卜用清水清洗后再用超声波清洗仪清洗， 之后在洁净车间内加工成 小块供初孵幼虫食用； 人生果用清水清洗后用超声波清洗， 然后直接供幼虫食用； 珠芽蓼、菊 姜、 胡萝卜和人生果在加工之前或加工之后都要将腐烂的或过小的清理干净。
单条隔离词养阶段的处理为：把词养盒内集约词养约 30〜60d的幼虫全部取出并将幼虫置 于实施例 1提供的虫草寄主幼虫培育盘内单条词养。每条幼虫生活在独立的一个空间内， 空间 内可以同时添加一些供幼虫躲避的基质 （腐殖土或人工基质）， 幼虫相互之间无法碰面， 在保 湿材料上添加水使湿度保持在质量含水量达到 50〜500%。 中后期幼虫主要投喂胡萝卜， 菊姜， 辅以珠芽蓼， 人生果或其它高原植物的根茎， 可以投喂单一词料， 也可以投喂复合词料。 定期 检查幼虫生活情况，根据幼虫取食情况和病害发生情况对词料、保湿材料以及词养盘进行更换。 词养温度是 8〜18 °C， 避光词养； 培养湿度是见水而在倾斜时不见流水的湿度程度。 （培殖空 间按相应的洁净度要求着装）， 更换或添加幼虫词料时， 工作人员除常规防杂菌污染着装外， 须佩戴避免病害传染的指套， 操作过程中触碰过病害虫体或病原菌的工具要及时更换。 2 ) 湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组的处理包括集约化词养阶段和单条隔离词养阶段；
其中集约化词养阶段的处理为： 把在干燥条件下刚刚孵出的幼虫 1000条分为 10组， 分别 转移到主要混有胡萝卜、 菊姜、 珠芽蓼和人生果， 辅以花皮樟、 橙木、 油茶、 茶树等的根茎的 腐殖土内词养。 腐殖土手用力握可成团， 手放开不会散的湿度标准。 词养温度条件是 15〜25 °C。 词养密度是单位词养盒 （长 30cmX宽 20cm高 X 15cm) 内投放不多于 30条幼虫的量。 由 于初孵幼虫的活动能力较弱， 活动范围小， 个体之间的伤害较弱， 因此初孵幼虫可以适合集约 化词养。 初孵幼虫集约化词养约 30〜40天的时间 （根据词养温度和病害发生情况决定具体时 间。 在 15〜25 °C的词养温度范围内， 词养温度越低， 集约词养的时间相对更长； 病害发生越 严重， 集约词养的时间相对更短）。 期间可以根据词料的腐烂程度和病害的多少更换或添加词 料和基质 （培殖空间按相应的洁净度要求着装）， 更换或添加幼虫词料或基质时， 工作人员除 常规防杂菌污染着装外， 须佩戴避免病害传染的指套。 词料加工过程中， 胡萝卜、 菊姜和珠芽 蓼等的根茎用清水清洗后再用超声波清洗仪清洗，然后在洁净车间内加工成小块供初孵幼虫食 用； 人生果用清水清洗后用超声波清洗， 然后直接供幼虫食用。其他的如花皮樟、橙木、油茶、 茶树等的根茎在加工之前或加工之后都要将腐烂的或过小的清理干净。依次用清水和超声波清 洗仪清洗， 然后直接投喂幼虫。
单条隔离词养阶段的处理为：把词养盒内集约词养约 30〜40天的幼虫全部取出并将幼虫置 于实施例 1提供的虫草寄主幼虫培育盘内单条词养， 每条幼虫生活在独立的一个空间内， 空间 内可以同时添加一些供幼虫躲避的基质 （腐殖土或人工基质）， 幼虫相互之间无法碰面。 在保 湿材料上添加水使湿度保持在质量含水量达到 50〜500%。 中后期幼虫主要投喂胡萝卜、 菊姜、 珠芽蓼和人生果， 辅以花皮樟、 橙木、 油茶、 茶树等的根茎， 可以投喂单一词料， 也可以投喂 复合词料。 定期检查幼虫生活情况， 根据幼虫取食情况和病害发生情况对词料、保湿材料以及 词养盘进行更换。词养温度是 15〜25°C， 避光词养； 培养湿度是见水而在倾斜时不见流水的湿 度程度。 更换或添加幼虫词料时， （培殖空间按相应的洁净度要求着装） 工作人员除常规防杂 菌污染着装外， 须佩戴避免病害传染的指套，操作过程中触碰过病害虫体或病原菌的工具要及 时更换。
3、 虫草寄主幼虫的羽化与产卵
虫草寄主幼虫在形成蛹之前都要求洁净度不低于 10万级的环境条件； 工作人员要求穿戴 工作服、 口罩和帽子。将湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组和贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组的中后期幼虫， 在培育盘内生长到前 蛹阶段时， 将其转移到相对较大空间的塑料培养皿内， 培养皿内垫有可以保湿的纤维材料或棉 布或滤纸， 每个培养皿投放一个前蛹。 其中贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组前蛹的培育温度是 8〜18°C， 湖南棒 蝙蝠蛾组的培育温度为 15〜25 °C， 避光培养； 培养湿度是见水而在倾斜时不见流水的湿度程 度， 用 60〜100°C加温消毒的冷水保湿。 为避免病害传播， 操作过程中应根据病害有无更换指 套。将变为白色的蛹继续在相同条件下培育， 待蛹的颜色转变为黑褐色时， 将蛹转移到羽化室 中的羽化盘内准备羽化。
蛹的羽化在无需洁净度要求到洁净度为 30万级之间的环境条件下进行。 蛹的羽化是在羽 化盘内完成的。整个羽化盘有多个羽化孔， 固定盘 4-2上放置保湿材料为纤维材料或棉布或滤 纸， 其湿度是见水而在倾斜时不见流水的湿度程度， 用 60〜100°C加温消毒的冷水保湿。 羽化 盘上面覆盖一张纱网 4-1， 不仅可以防止羽化成虫逃逸， 还可以成为成虫的附着物。 发育成熟 的蛹在羽化盘内首先从头部突破， 然后慢慢脱壳， 脱壳成功的成虫静静附着在纱网 4-1上完成 翅膀的舒张工作。 蛹羽化的温度是 8〜25°C， 光照条件是自然光强度和光周期； 羽化的空气湿 度是 60〜70%。 羽化的成虫被转移到蚊帐交尾床内进行交尾和产卵。 为避免病害传播， 操作过 程中应根据病害有无更换指套。
分别在湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组和贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组的集约化词养阶段 （第一次统计）、 单条隔离词养 阶段 （第二次统计）和羽化结束后 （第三次统计）统计虫草寄主昆虫成活率。 统计发现， 在集 约化词养阶段完成后， 湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组的幼虫成活了 931条， 贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组的幼虫成活了 964 条。在单条隔离词养阶段结束后， 湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组的幼虫成活了 872条， 贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组的幼虫 成活了 857条。在所有的蛹羽化结束后， 湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组的幼虫成活了 761条， 贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组 的幼虫成活了 753条。 具体如表 1所示。
表 1 不同 （阶段） 虫草寄主昆虫的成活率的影响
第一次统计总成活率 第二次统计总成活率 第三次统计总成活率 组别
(%) (%) (%) 湖南棒蝙蝠蛾组 87. 2%
贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组 96. 4% 85. 7% 75. 3%
实施例 3传统室内集约培育虫草寄主昆虫与单条隔离培育虫草寄主昆虫的比较
实现虫草的全人工培育和半野生培育的关键就在于寄主幼虫的词养培育， 采用实施例 2 收集的贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫 3000条， 随机均分为 3组； 分别命名为单条隔离培养组 I、 集约化培 育组和野生放养组。 单条隔离培养组 I的处理为； 在洁净度要求不低于 10万级的环境条件下， 将幼虫置于实施 例 1提供的虫草寄主幼虫培育盘内单条词养。 每条幼虫生活在独立的一个空间内， 幼虫生活在 保湿材料上并且相互之间无法碰面， 在保湿材料上添加水使湿度保持在质量含水量达到 50〜 500%。 幼虫主要投喂胡萝卜， 菊姜， 辅以珠芽蓼， 人生果或其它高原植物的根茎， 可以投喂单 一词料， 也可以投喂复合词料。定期检查幼虫生活情况， 根据幼虫取食情况和病害发生情况对 词料、 保湿材料以及词养盘进行更换。 词养温度是 8〜18°C， 避光词养； 培养湿度是见水而在 倾斜时不见流水的湿度程度。 更换幼虫词料或基质时， 工作人员除常规防杂菌污染着装外，须 佩戴避免病害传染的指套，并根据病害有无更换指套。至贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫全部生长至前蛹阶段， 历时 7个月。
集约化培育组的处理为： 在洁净度要求不低于 10万级的环境条件下， 将贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫分 为 10组， 转移到主要混有珠芽蓼、菊姜、 胡萝卜和人生果以及其他高原植物的少量根茎的高原 腐殖土（也可用人造基质代替）内词养。腐殖土以手用力握可成团，手放开不会散的湿度标准。 词养温度条件是 8〜18°C。 词养密度是单位词养盒 （长 30cmX宽 20cmX高 15cm) 内投放不多于 30条幼虫的量。 由于初孵幼虫的活动能力较弱， 活动范围小， 个体之间的伤害可以忽略， 因此 初孵幼虫可以适合集约化词养。 初孵幼虫集约化词养约 30〜60d的时间 （根据词养温度和病害 发生情况决定具体时间。 在 8〜18°C的词养温度范围内， 词养温度越低， 集约词养的时间相对 更长； 病害发生越严重， 集约词养的时间相对更短） 后，幼虫词养密度减少到单位词养盒 （长 30cmX宽 20cmX高 15cm)内投放不多于 25条幼虫的量。在此密度下词养约 60天后， 幼虫词养密 度减少到单位词养盒（长 30cmX宽 20cmX高 15cm) 内投放不多于 20条幼虫的量。在此密度下词 养约 60天后， 幼虫词养密度减少到单位词养盒 （长 30cmX宽 20cmX高 15cm) 内投放不多于 10 条幼虫的量。期间可以根据词料的腐烂程度和病害的有无更换或添加词料和基质。更换或添加 幼虫词料或基质时， 工作人员除常规防杂菌污染着装外， 须佩戴避免病害传染的指套。词料加 工过程中， 珠芽蓼、菊姜和胡萝卜用清水清洗后再用超声波清洗仪清洗， 之后在洁净车间内加 工成小块供初孵幼虫食用；人生果用清水清洗后用超声波清洗，然后直接供幼虫食用。珠芽蓼、 菊姜、胡萝卜和人生果在加工之前或加工之后都要将腐烂的或过小的清理干净。至贡嘎蝙蝠蛾 幼虫全部生长至前蛹阶段， 历时 7个月。
野生放养组的处理为： 将将贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫转移到冬虫草夏草原生环境中， 进行圈养。在 圈养的前期避免牛羊对圈养地进行践踏， 同时避免啮齿动物和鸟类对贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫的捕杀。 至贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫全部生长至前蛹阶段， 历时 18个月。 比较实施例 2中的贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组和实施例 3中的集约化培育组、单条隔离培养组 I以及野 生培育组的贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫成活率， 发现集约化培育组的成活率仅为 34. 2%, 野生培育组的成 活率仅为 11. 4%， 而单条隔离培养组 I的成活率为 87. 1%， 贡嘎蝙蝠蛾组的成活率为 85. 7%。 分析其原因主要有以下几个方面：
1 ) 贡嘎蝠蛾幼虫有相互残杀的本性。 当集约化词养时， 大量幼虫集中在一起， 这为幼虫 相互之间残杀提供了前提； 同时， 当某一条幼虫发生病害时， 集约化词养的其它幼虫由于共处 于同一个词养盒内， 很快将被病害传染致死； 另外， 人工操作过程中容易造成机械损伤。 所以 集约化实验的成活率远远低于隔离培育组；
2)在贡嘎蝙蝠蛾幼虫的 1-2龄期间 （即孵化后 30〜60d)， 初孵幼虫在盒内的相对密度较 小，活动能力弱，个体之间碰面残杀的机会小； 同时在这一时期，各种病害未发生或很少发生， 病害流行传播的可能性小； 同时， 由于在 1-2龄期间虫体较小， 采用集约化培育也能节约管理 成本。所以在实际生产过程中， 在隔离词养之前， 即在幼虫的 1-2龄期间采取集约化词养不会 影响幼虫成活率的提高。
3) 本发明采用的虫草寄主幼虫培育盘不仅可以有效的避免幼虫 （之间） 的相互残杀， 幼 虫间的相互隔断也可以有效的避免病菌的传播； 另外在盒体 1的内底面设置有渗水槽 1-1， 不 仅可以避免保湿材料上出现积水， 同时也利用渗水槽 1-1残留的水保持保湿材料的湿度。

Claims

1.虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法，包括卵阶段、幼虫阶段、蛹阶段和成虫阶段; 其特征在于：所述方法为虫草寄主昆虫的幼虫阶段和蛹阶段采用单条隔离培育方 法。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法，其特征在于： 所述单 条隔离培育虫草的技术要求为：
1) 培育空气洁净度要求不低于 10万级；
2)幼虫被放置在质量含水量在 50〜500%的保湿材料上， 其中保湿材料上不 能出现流动的水流。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法，其特征在于： 所述虫 草寄主昆虫为鳞翅目 L印 idoptera蝙蝠蛾科 Ifepialidae昆虫。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁方法，其特征在于： 所述培 育的温度是 8〜25°C。
5.虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁的专用设备，其特征在于： 所述设备由一个底部设 置渗水槽 （1-1) 的盒体 （1)、 隔断装置 （2)、 保湿材料和与隔断装置相匹配的 盒盖 （3) 四部分组成； 所述保湿材料设置在盒体 （1) 的底部， 隔断装置 （2) 设置保湿材料上， 盒盖 （3) 覆盖在隔断装置 （2) 上部。
6根据权利要求 5所述的虫草寄主昆虫人工扩繁的专用设备， 其特征在于： 所述盒体 （1) 的底部的渗水槽 （1-1) 与隔断装置 （2) 相匹配， 渗水槽 （1-1) 能嵌套到隔断装置 （2) 的上沿中， 隔断装置 （2) 的上下部被封闭， 形成一个封 闭空间； 盒体 （1) 和与隔断装置 （2) 的组合能逐层重叠， 盒盖 （3) 覆盖在最 上部。
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