WO2015000351A1 - 三维打印机及其打印方法 - Google Patents

三维打印机及其打印方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015000351A1
WO2015000351A1 PCT/CN2014/079552 CN2014079552W WO2015000351A1 WO 2015000351 A1 WO2015000351 A1 WO 2015000351A1 CN 2014079552 W CN2014079552 W CN 2014079552W WO 2015000351 A1 WO2015000351 A1 WO 2015000351A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dimensional printer
controller
image
housing
cavity
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PCT/CN2014/079552
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏健强
何永刚
Original Assignee
珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 filed Critical 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
Publication of WO2015000351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015000351A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/25Housings, e.g. machine housings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of printing, and more particularly to a three-dimensional printer and a method of operating such a three-dimensional printer.
  • the present application is based on a Chinese patent application filed on July 1, 2013, the application number of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a printer is a common printing device. Existing printers are used to print on a variety of flat surfaces, such as paper, leather, plastic, glass, metal, etc. This printer has been widely used in office and home applications. A printer is called a two-dimensional printer, which means you can only print two-dimensional images or text.
  • the work of the two-dimensional printer is to carry out the transport movement on the surface of the object to be printed relative to the print head (or the actual movement of the print head, the surface to be printed is stationary), and the print head scans and moves in the vertical direction relative to the transport movement of the object to be printed, and performs print.
  • the three-dimensional printer 10 has a bottom plate 11 and a molding seat 12 disposed on the bottom plate 11.
  • Four screws 13 extend vertically upward from the bottom plate 11, and the frame 14 is sleeved on the screw 13 and along the screw axis 13 along the Z-axis direction. That is, the vertical direction is linearly moved, so that the frame 14 can move up and down along the screw 13.
  • a guide rod 15 is provided on the frame 14, and the guide rod 15 is linearly movable on the frame 14 in the Y-axis direction.
  • the print head 16 is sleeved on the guide rod 15 and is linearly movable in the X-axis direction.
  • the print head 16 is provided with a plurality of cavities 17, each of which accommodates a printing material, which can accommodate different colors of printing materials, or accommodate different types of printing materials, and eject according to different printing requirements. Made into different printed materials.
  • a discharge port 18 is provided at the lower end of the printhead 17, and the printing material in the cavity 17 can flow out through the discharge port 18, and an object of a specific shape is printed on the molding seat 12.
  • the print head 16 can be moved in three directions of X, Y, and Z axes, thereby achieving desired stereo printing.
  • the above-mentioned three-dimensional printer 10 needs to use the frame 14 and the guide bar 15 to realize the movement of the print head 16, resulting in a complicated structure and a large volume of the three-dimensional printer 10, which is disadvantageous for the production, transportation and carrying of the three-dimensional printer, and often causes the three-dimensional printer 10 to It can be placed in a specific place to make the application of the three-dimensional printer 10 extremely inconvenient.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional printer that is small in size and convenient to use.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible and convenient method of printing a three-dimensional printer.
  • the three-dimensional printer provided by the present invention has a casing, and a cavity for accommodating printing material is disposed in the casing.
  • the lower end of the cavity is provided with a discharge port, and the casing is further provided for controlling the discharge of the printing material.
  • a controller for the discharge port wherein the discharge port is disposed at a bottom wall of the casing, and in a vertical direction, a lower end surface of the discharge port is higher than a lower end surface of the casing, and an imaging device is further disposed in the casing.
  • the lens of the camera is set facing down.
  • a preferred solution is that a data transceiver device is further disposed in the housing, and the camera device and the controller both exchange data with the data transceiver device.
  • the camera device is electrically connected to the controller and transmits the acquired image information to the controller.
  • the housing of the three-dimensional printer is provided with a cavity for accommodating the printing material, and the lower end of the cavity is provided with a discharge port, and the casing is further provided with a control.
  • a camera device is disposed in the casing, the lens of the camera device is disposed downward, and the data transceiver device is further disposed in the casing of the three-dimensional printer.
  • the printing method is: the camera device continuously captures an image of the printing medium or an image of the printed object.
  • the computer calculates and determines the position of the three-dimensional printer according to the image, and generates a control signal according to the shape of the object to be printed, and sends a control signal to the controller through the data transceiver device, and the controller controls according to the control The signal controls the opening and closing of the discharge port.
  • the printing method of the three-dimensional printer provided by the present invention can also be realized by the following method: the cavity of the three-dimensional printer is provided with a cavity for accommodating the printing material, the lower end of the cavity is provided with a discharge port, and the controller is further provided with a controller, and An imaging device is further disposed in the housing, and the lens of the imaging device is disposed downward.
  • the method comprises: continuously capturing an image of the printing medium or an image of the printed object and transmitting the image to the controller, and the controller calculates the image according to the image captured by the camera.
  • the position of the three-dimensional printer is determined, and the opening and closing of the discharge port is controlled according to the determined position and the shape of the object to be printed.
  • the housing is further provided with a projection device electrically connected to the controller.
  • the projection head of the projection device protrudes out of the housing, and the controller receives the image captured by the camera device and then projects it through the projection device.
  • the camera device is provided in the three-dimensional printer provided by the present invention
  • the image under the bottom wall of the three-dimensional printer housing is captured, and the position of the three-dimensional printer is calculated according to the captured image
  • the user can move the three-dimensional printer by hand, and the three-dimensional printer is based on the current position.
  • the shape of the object to be printed, and the corresponding printed material is ejected.
  • the three-dimensional printer does not need to set a complicated moving mechanism, has a small volume, and has a simple structure, and the user can conveniently carry the three-dimensional printer and conveniently realize the printing operation.
  • the printing of the three-dimensional printer is printed layer by layer. After each layer of the three-dimensional printer, the user places the three-dimensional printer on the printed layer, and can continue to print the next layer, and the printing operation is simple and convenient.
  • the controller can exchange data with an external computer through the data transceiver, and the printer calculates the position of the three-dimensional printer according to the image captured by the camera, and sends a control signal to the controller to control the ejection of the printing material. In this way, complicated calculation and control can be realized by the computer, and the amount of calculation of the controller can be reduced.
  • the controller directly acquires an image captured by the image capturing device, and calculates the position of the three-dimensional printer, and controls the ejection of the printing material without transferring the data to the computer for processing, thereby making the printing operation more flexible. Convenience.
  • the user since the position determination of the three-dimensional printer is obtained by analyzing the image taken by the image pickup device, the user can hold the three-dimensional printer and drive the work of the three-dimensional printer, and the three-dimensional printer does not need to be set.
  • the complex moving mechanism is simple in structure, small in size, and easy to carry.
  • the three-dimensional printer calculates the position of the image taken by the camera device, and controls the opening and closing of the discharge port according to the calculated position, thereby controlling the outflow of the printing material, and the user manually moves the position of the three-dimensional printer. That is, stereo printing can be achieved. Since the three-dimensional printer is printed layer by layer, only the user places the three-dimensional printer on the printed layer after printing one layer, and can continue to print other layers, which is simple and convenient to operate.
  • the image captured by the imaging device is projected by the projection device, so that the user can view the image captured by the imaging device, thereby conveniently moving the three-dimensional printer, which is advantageous for the three-dimensional printing.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a conventional three-dimensional printer.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a second perspective of an embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural view of the three-dimensional printer embodiment of the present invention after hiding the casing.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram showing a third perspective of an embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an electrical block diagram showing the connection of an embodiment of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention to a computer.
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart showing a first embodiment of the printing method of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a flow chart showing a second embodiment of the printing method of the three-dimensional printer of the present invention.
  • the three-dimensional printer has a casing, and comprises a curved columnar top cover 21 and sidewalls 22 and 23 on both sides of the top cover 21.
  • a through hole 24 is defined in the top wall 21, and the projection device is provided.
  • the projection head 25 projects beyond the top wall 21.
  • a display screen 26 is mounted on the upper end of the top wall 21.
  • the display screen 26 is a touch screen, and the user can input a control command by touching the display screen 26 to control the operation of the three-dimensional printer.
  • a memory card slot 27 is also provided on the top wall 21, and the memory card can be inserted into the slot 27.
  • One side of the slot 27 is provided with a card reading device for reading data stored in the memory card.
  • a cavity 33 is provided in the housing of the three-dimensional printer, and the cavity 33 houses the printing material.
  • the printing material may be a photocurable ink such as UV ink, or a curable liquid such as AB glue or the like, or may be a powder that can be cured.
  • AB glue is used as the printing material, it is necessary to provide a partition in the cavity 33 to form two small cavities, which respectively accommodate two different liquids and are respectively ejected.
  • a circuit board 40 is further disposed in the casing, and a control box 41 is disposed adjacent to the circuit board 40.
  • the control box is provided with a controller, a camera device, a projection device, a data transceiver device and the like of the three-dimensional printer, and the projection head 25 of the projection device is located under control.
  • One end of the case 41 is provided with a controller, a camera device, a projection device, a data transceiver device and the like of the three-dimensional printer, and the projection head 25 of the projection device is located under control.
  • the housing further includes a bottom wall 29 below the cavity 33.
  • the bottom wall 29 is provided with a discharge port 34.
  • the discharge port 34 is located at the lower end of the cavity 33 and communicates with the cavity 33.
  • the printed material within the cavity 33 can be ejected through the discharge opening 34.
  • the lower end surface of the discharge opening 34 is higher than the lower end surface 30 of the housing, so that when the three-dimensional printer is placed on the printing medium or the printed object, the discharge port 34 There is a gap between the print media or the printed material.
  • a lens 42 of the image pickup device is also disposed on the bottom wall 29, and the lens 42 is disposed downward and passes through the bottom wall 29.
  • the lower end surface of the lens 42 is higher than the lower end surface 30 of the housing.
  • an LED lamp for illumination may be provided in the vicinity of the imaging device.
  • a three-dimensional printer 20 is provided with a controller 45, a data transceiver 46, a card reading device 47, an imaging device 48, a projection device 49, a display screen 26, and the like.
  • the controller 45 is a control core of the three-dimensional printer 20, controls opening and closing of the discharge port 34, and controls the amount of discharge of the printing material in the cavity 33, thereby completing the printing operation.
  • the data transceiver device 46 is a WIFI signal transceiver device for wirelessly transmitting and receiving data, and implements communication between the controller 45 and the computer 50.
  • the data transceiver 46 can also be a signal modem for implementing wired communication between the controller 45 and the computer 50.
  • the card reading device 47 is electrically connected to the controller 45 for reading data stored in the memory card 51 and transmitting the read data to the controller 45.
  • the user can store the shape of the object to be printed and the data of the shape printed on each layer in the memory card 51, the controller 45 reads the data stored in the memory card 51, and controls the discharge port based on the read data. 34 opening and closing to achieve printing.
  • the image capturing device 48 is for taking an image, such as a graphic of a printing medium, an image of a printed object, or the like, and outputs the captured image to the controller 45, and the controller 45 calculates the position of the three-dimensional printer 20 based on the captured image, or The controller 45 outputs the captured image to the computer 50, and the computer 50 calculates the position of the three-dimensional printer 20 based on the image.
  • the projection device 49 receives the data of the controller 45, that is, the data of the image captured by the camera 48 outputted by the controller 45, and projects the image captured by the camera 48, and the user views the camera 48 through the projected image.
  • the captured image is used to understand the situation under the bottom wall 29 of the three-dimensional printer 20.
  • the same displacement detecting device as that of the optical mouse can be disposed in the housing for detecting the displacement of the three-dimensional printer, and the detected signal is transmitted to the computer 50 through the data transceiver 46, or The detected signal is transmitted to the controller.
  • step S1 the image of the printing medium is first photographed by the camera, that is, step S1 is performed, and the captured image is transmitted to the controller, and the controller outputs the captured image to the computer through the data transceiver.
  • step S2 is performed to calculate and determine the position of the three-dimensional printer. If the image captured by the camera device is the first image, no calculation is needed. If the image captured by the camera device is not the first image, the computer can compare the image with the previous image, and compare and analyze the difference between the two images to determine the 3D printer. The offset, thereby determining the position of the 3D printer.
  • the principle of calculating the position of a three-dimensional printer from a captured image by a computer is similar to that of an existing optical mouse.
  • a control signal is generated according to the shape of the substance to be printed. Since the 3D printer prints an object, the object is divided into multiple layers, each of which prints an image of one layer. Moreover, when the multi-layer printer prints the multi-layer image, it prints from bottom to top, so the computer determines the currently printed layer according to the printing progress, and generates a control signal, and outputs the generated control signal to the controller, that is, performs step S3. .
  • the controller executes step S4, and after receiving the control signal, controls the opening and closing of the discharge port under the instruction of the control signal, and the printing material passes through the discharge port, thereby realizing printing.
  • step S5 determines whether printing is completed, and if not, returns to step S1.
  • the image is continuously captured by the image pickup device, and the computer determines the position of the three-dimensional printer based on the continuously captured image, and generates a control signal according to the position of the three-dimensional printer and the shape of the object to be printed. In this way, the user can manually move the three-dimensional printer to print an object of a set shape on the print medium.
  • the three-dimensional printing is layered printing, there is a corresponding program running in the computer to control the printing of each layer of the three-dimensional printer, which is the same as the existing three-dimensional printer control technology, and will not be described again.
  • the 3D printer is placed on the printed object and the next layer of printing is continued.
  • a 3D printer can be connected to a computer and controlled by its own controller. Referring to Fig. 8, before the operation of the three-dimensional printer, a memory card storing data of the shape of the object to be printed is inserted into the memory card slot.
  • first step S11 is executed, and the controller reads the data stored in the memory card through the card reading device, that is, reads the data of the shape of the object to be printed.
  • the data stored by the memory card further includes data layered to be printed, and data of each layer printed shape.
  • the controller controls the camera to capture the image under the three-dimensional printer, that is, step S12 is performed, and step S13 is performed, and the controller compares the current image with the previous image to analyze the offset of a reference object in the image, thereby Determine the relative movement position of the 3D printer.
  • the controller also transmits the image signal captured by the imaging device to the projection device, and the projection device projects the image captured by the imaging device, that is, step S14 is performed, and the user understands the situation under the three-dimensional printer through the projected image.
  • step S15 the controller executes step S15 to generate a control signal according to the position of the three-dimensional printer and the shape of the object to be printed, and controls the opening and closing of the discharge port, thereby controlling the ejection of the printing material.
  • the controller can display the current status information through the display screen and receive the information received by the touch screen as the display screen, thereby accepting the user's control.
  • the three-dimensional printer prints the object in layers, and ejects the corresponding printing material after each movement of the three-dimensional printer, and after ejecting the printing material, step S16 is performed to determine whether the printing is completed, and if not, returning to step S12.
  • the three-dimensional printer does not need to be connected to a computer, and can conveniently perform three-dimensional printing operations, and the three-dimensional printer structure is simpler and more convenient to operate.
  • a control and an operation button are provided on the housing, and the button is electrically connected to the controller and sends a signal to the controller.
  • a plurality of cavities are disposed in the housing, each cavity housing a different color of printing material, and a discharge port is disposed under each cavity, such a change can also be The object of the invention is achieved.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and variations such as a change in the shape of the casing, a projection of the projection device, and a change in the position of the display screen are also included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
  • the three-dimensional printer provided by the invention can be placed on a desktop or a flat surface, and three-dimensional printing can be realized by manually moving the three-dimensional printer. Since the three-dimensional printer captures an image under the bottom wall of the three-dimensional printer casing, the position of the three-dimensional printer is calculated based on the captured image, and the three-dimensional printer ejects the corresponding printing material according to the current position and the shape of the object to be printed.
  • the three-dimensional printer does not need to set a complicated moving mechanism, has a small volume, and has a simple structure, and the user can conveniently carry the three-dimensional printer and conveniently realize the printing operation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种三维打印机具有壳体,壳体内设有一个容纳打印材料的腔体(33),腔体的下端设有出料口(34),壳体内还设有用于控制打印材料喷出出料口的控制器(45),其中,出料口设置在壳体的底壁(29),在铅垂方向上,出料口的下端面高于壳体的下端面,并且,壳体内还设有摄像装置(49),摄像装置的镜头朝下设置。一种打印方法应用于上述三维打印机,其应用摄像装置拍摄的图像确定三维打印机的位置,控制器根据三维打印机的位置与待打印物体的形状控制出料口的启闭以喷射出打印材料。

Description

三维打印机及其打印方法 技术领域
本发明涉及打印领域,尤其是涉及一种三维打印机以及这种三维打印机的工作方法。本申请是基于申请日为2013年7月1日,申请号为CN201310275051.0的中国发明专利申请,该申请的内容引入本文作为参考。
背景技术
打印机是一种常见的打印设备,现有的打印机都是针对各种平面材质表面进行打印,如纸张、皮革、塑料、玻璃、金属等,这种打印机已经广泛应用于办公及家庭用途,这种打印机被称为二维打印机,即只能打印二维的图像或文字。
二维打印机的工作是在被打印物体的表面按相对打印头作输送运动(或打印头实际运动,被打印表面静止),同时打印头沿与被打印物体相对输送运动垂直方向扫描移动,并进行打印。
随着人们对打印的要求越来越高,并且希望打印出立体的物体,因此,出现了越来越多的三维打印机,即能够打印出三维物体的打印机。如公开号为CN102941738A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种名为“打印头”的发明创造,该打印头被安装在一个立体打印设备内,构成一个三维打印机,该三维打印机如图1所示。
三维打印机10具有一块底板11以及设置在底板11上的成型座12,从底板11竖直向上延伸有四根螺杆13,框架14套设在螺杆13上,并可沿螺杆13沿Z轴方向,即铅垂方向做直线运动,这样,框架14可以沿螺杆13上下运动。框架14上设有导杆15,导杆15可在框架14上沿Y轴方向做直线运动。打印头16套设在导杆15上,并可沿X轴方向做直线运动。
打印头16上设有多个腔体17,每一个腔体17分别容纳有打印材料,这些腔体17内可以容纳不同颜色的打印材料,或者容纳不同类型的打印材料,根据不同的打印要求喷射成不同打印材料。在打印头17的下端设有出料口18,腔体17内的打印材料可以穿过出料口18流出,并在成型座12上打印出特定形状的物体。
三维打印机10工作时,通过对框架14、导杆15、打印头16的控制,打印头16在X、Y、Z轴三个方向上均能实现移动,进而实现预期的立体打印。
技术问题
然而,上述的三维打印机10需要使用框架14、导杆15实现打印头16的移动,导致三维打印机10的结构复杂、体积庞大,不利于三维打印机的生产、运输、携带,往往导致三维打印机10只能放置在特定的地方使用,使三维打印机10的应用极为不便。
技术解决方案
本发明的主要目的是提供一种体积小且使用方便的三维打印机。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种灵活、方便的三维打印机的打印方法。
为实现上述的主要目的,本发明提供的三维打印机具有壳体,壳体内设有一个容纳打印材料的腔体,腔体的下端设有出料口,壳体内还设有用于控制打印材料喷出出料口的控制器,其中,出料口设置在壳体的底壁,在铅垂方向上,出料口的下端面高于壳体的下端面,并且,壳体内还设有摄像装置,摄像装置的镜头朝下设置。
一个优选的方案是,壳体内还设有数据收发装置,摄像装置及控制器均与数据收发装置进行数据交换。
另一个优选的方案是,摄像装置与控制器电连接,并将获取的图像信息传输至控制器。
为实现上述的另一目的,本发明提供的三维打印机的打印方法中,该三维打印机的壳体内设有容纳印材料的腔体,腔体的下端设有出料口,壳体内还设有控制器,且壳体内还设有摄像装置,摄像装置的镜头朝下设置,三维打印机的壳体内还设有数据收发装置,该打印方法是:摄像装置连续拍摄打印介质的图像或已打印物体的图像,将拍摄的图像通过数据收发装置传输至计算机,计算机根据图像计算并确定三维打印机的位置,并根据待打印物体的形状生成控制信号,通过数据收发装置向控制器发送控制信号,控制器根据控制信号控制出料口的启闭。
本发明提供的三维打印机的打印方法还可以通过以下方式实现,该三维打印机的壳体内设有容纳印材料的腔体,腔体的下端设有出料口,壳体内还设有控制器,且壳体内还设有摄像装置,摄像装置的镜头朝下设置,该方法包括是摄像装置连续拍摄打印介质的图像或已打印物体的图像并传输至控制器,控制器根据摄像装置拍摄的图像计算并确定三维打印机的位置,并根据所确定的位置及待打印的物体的形状控制出料口的启闭。
一个优选的方案是,壳体内还设有与控制器电连接的投影装置,投影装置的投影头伸出壳体外,控制器接收摄像装置所拍摄的图像后,通过投影装置投影出去。
有益效果
由于本发明提供的三维打印机内设置摄像装置,拍摄三维打印机壳体底壁下的图像,根据所拍摄的图像计算三维打印机的位置,则使用者可以用手移动三维打印机,三维打印机根据当前的位置以及待打印物体的形状,喷出相应打印材料。这样,三维打印机无需设置复杂的移动机构,体积较小,结构简单,使用者可以方便地携带三维打印机,且方便地实现打印操作。
并且,三维打印机的打印是一层一层地打印,三维打印机每打印一层后,使用者将三维打印机放置在已打印的层上,即可继续打印下一层,打印操作简单、方便。
此外,控制器可以通过数据收发装置与外部的计算机进行数据交换,由打印机根据摄像装置拍摄的图像计算三维打印机的位置,并向控制器发送控制信号,控制打印材料的喷出。这样,可以由计算机实现复杂的计算与控制,减小控制器的运算量。
根据本发明的另一个方案,控制器直接获取摄像装置所拍摄的图像,并计算三维打印机的位置,同时控制打印材料的喷出,无需将数据传输至计算机进行处理,使打印操作更为灵活、方便。
根据本发明的三维打印机的第一种工作方法,由于三维打印机的位置确定是通过摄像装置所拍摄的图像进行分析获得的,因此使用者可以手持三维打印机并带动三维打印机的工作,三维打印机无需设置复杂的移动机构,结构简单、体积较小,便于携带。
根据三维打印机的第二种工作方法,三维打印机通过摄像装置拍摄的图像计算其位置,并根据计算的位置控制出料口启闭,从而控制打印材料的流出,使用者通过手动移动三维打印机的位置,即可以实现立体打印。由于三维打印机是一层一层地打印,只有使用者在每打印一层后,将三维打印机放置在已打印完毕的层上,即可继续打印其他的层,操作简单、方便。
并且,通过投影装置将摄像装置所拍摄的图像投影出去,方便使用者观看摄像装置所拍摄的图像,进而方便地移动三维打印机,有利于三维打印的进行。
附图说明
图1是现有一种三维打印机的结构图。
图2是本发明三维打印机实施例的结构图。
图3是本发明三维打印机实施例第二视角的结构图。
图4是本发明三维打印机实施例隐藏壳体后的结构图。
图5是本发明三维打印机实施例第三视角的结构图。
图6是本发明三维打印机实施例与计算机连接的电原理框图。
图7是本发明三维打印机打印方法第一实施例的流程图。
图8是本发明三维打印机打印方法第二实施例的流程图。
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明的实施方式
三维打印机实施例:
参见图2与图3,三维打印机具有壳体,包括弧面柱状的顶盖21以及位于顶盖21两侧的侧壁22、23构成,在顶壁21上开设有一个通孔24,投影装置的投影头25伸出顶壁21外。并且,在顶壁21的上端安装有显示屏26,优选地,显示屏26为触摸屏,使用者可以通过触摸显示屏26输入控制指令,进而控制三维打印机的工作。
顶壁21上还设有存储卡插槽27,存储卡可以插入到插槽27内。插槽27的一侧设有读卡装置,用于读取存储卡内所存储的数据。
参见图4,三维打印机的壳体内设有一个腔体33,腔体33内容纳打印材料。本实施例中,打印材料可以是光固化的墨水,如UV墨水,或者是可以固化的液体,如AB胶等,也可以是可被固化的粉末。当然,如使用AB胶作为打印材料,则需要在腔体33内设置隔板以形成两个小腔体,两个小腔体分别容纳两种不同的液体,并分别喷射出去。
壳体内还设有一块电路板40,电路板40近旁设有控制盒41,控制盒内设有三维打印机的控制器、摄像装置、投影装置、数据收发装置等,投影装置的投影头25位于控制盒41的一端。
参见图5,壳体还包括位于腔体33下方的底壁29,底壁29上设有出料口34,出料口34位于腔体33的下端,且与腔体33连通。腔体33内的打印材料可以通过出料口34喷出腔体。为了便于打印材料的喷出,在铅垂方向上,出料口34的下端面高于壳体的下端面30,这样,三维打印机放置在打印介质或已打印的物体上时,出料口34与打印介质或已打印物质之间具有间隙。
底壁29上还设有摄像装置的镜头42,镜头42朝下设置,并且穿出底壁29。当然,位于便于摄像装置的拍摄,在铅垂方向上,镜头42的下端面高于壳体的下端面30。另外,为了避免摄像装置拍摄环境过暗,可以在摄像装置近旁设置用于照明的LED灯。
参见图6,三维打印机20内设有控制器45、数据收发装置46、读卡装置47、摄像装置48、投影装置49、显示屏26等。控制器45为三维打印机20的控制核心,控制出料口34的启闭,并控制腔体33内打印材料喷出的量,由此完成打印操作。
数据收发装置46为WIFI信号收发装置,用于无线收发数据,实现控制器45与计算机50之间的通信。当然,数据收发装置46也可以是信号调制解调器,用于实现控制器45与计算机50之间的有线通信。
读卡装置47与控制器45电连接,用于读取存储卡51内存储的数据,并将读取的数据传输至控制器45。使用者可以将需要打印的物体形状以及每一层打印的形状的数据存储在存储卡51内,控制器45读取存储在存储卡51内的数据,并根据所读取的数据控制出料口34的启闭以实现打印。
摄像装置48用于拍摄图像,如打印介质的图形、已打印物体的图像等,并将拍摄的图像输出至控制器45,由控制器45根据拍摄的图像计算确定三维打印机20的位置,或者由控制器45将拍摄的图像输出至计算机50,由计算机50根据图像计算三维打印机20的位置。
投影装置49接收控制器45的数据,也就是接收控制器45输出的摄像装置48所拍摄图像的数据,并将摄像装置48所拍摄的图像投影出去,使用者通过投影的图像观看摄像装置48所拍摄的图像,由此了解三维打印机20底壁29下的情况。
当然,为了精确计算三维打印机的位移情况,可以在壳体内设置与光电鼠标相同的位移检测装置,用于检测三维打印机的位移情况,并将检测的信号通过数据收发装置46传输至计算机50,或者将检测的信号传输至控制器。
下面结合图7与图8分别说明三维打印机两种打印方法。
三维打印机打印方法第一实施例:
参见图7,三维打印机工作时,首先由摄像装置拍摄打印介质的图像,即执行步骤S1,并将拍摄的图像传输至控制器,控制器通过数据收发装置将拍摄的图像输出至计算机。
计算机接收图像后,执行步骤S2,计算并确定三维打印机的位置。若摄像装置拍摄的图像为首张图像,则无需计算,如摄像装置拍摄的图像不是首张图像,则计算机可以对比本张图像与上一张图像,通过对比分析两张图像的差异来确定三维打印机的偏移量,由此确定三维打印机的位置。计算机通过拍摄的图像计算三维打印机的位置的原理与现有光电鼠标的工作原理类似。
计算机计算确定三维打印机的位置后,根据待打印物质的形状,生成控制信号。由于三维打印机打印物体时,将物体分成多层,每一打印一层的图像。并且,三维打印机打印多层图像时,均是自下往上打印,因此计算机根据打印进度确定当前打印的层,并由此生成控制信号,将生成的控制信号输出中控制器,即执行步骤S3。
控制器执行步骤S4,接收到控制信号后,在控制信号的指令下控制出料口的启闭,打印材料穿过出料口,由此实现打印。
最后,控制器执行步骤S5,判断是否打印完毕,如没有,返回执行步骤S1。这样,通过摄像装置连续地拍摄图像,计算机根据连续拍摄的图像确定三维打印机的位置,并根据三维打印机的位置、待打印物体的形状生成控制信号。这样,使用者可以手动地移动三维打印机,在打印介质上打印出设定形状的物体。
由于三维打印是分层打印的,因此计算机内运行有相应的程序,控制三维打印机每一层的打印,这与现有的三维打印机控制技术相同,不再赘述。使用者在三维打印机打印一层图像后,将三维打印机放置在已打印的物体上,继续下一层的打印。
三维打印机打印方法第二实施例:
三维打印机可以不需要与计算机连接,由自身的控制器控制其工作。参见图8,三维打印机工作前,将存储有待打印物体形状的数据的存储卡插入到存储卡插槽内。三维打印机工作时,首先执行步骤S11,控制器通过读卡装置读取存储卡内所存储的数据,即读取待打印物体形状的数据。优选地,存储卡存储的数据还包括对待打印物分层后的数据,以及每一层打印形状的数据。
然后,控制器控制摄像装置拍摄三维打印机下方的图像,即执行步骤S12,并执行步骤S13,控制器通过当前的图像与上一图像进行对比,分析图像中某一参照物的偏移量,从而确定三维打印机的相对移动位置。与此同时,控制器还将摄像装置所拍摄的图像信号传输至投影装置,投影装置将摄像装置所拍摄的图像投影出去,即执行步骤S14,使用者通过投影的图像了解三维打印机下方的情况。
接着,控制器执行步骤S15,根据三维打印机的位置以及待打印物体的形状,生成控制信号,并控制出料口的启闭,由此控制打印材料的喷出。当然,在打印过程中,控制器可以通过显示屏显示当前的状态信息,并且接收作为显示屏的触摸屏所接收的信息,由此接受使用者的控制。
三维打印机按层打印物体,并在每次三维打印机移动后喷出相应的打印材料,喷射出打印材料后,执行步骤S16,判断是否打印完毕,如没有,返回执行步骤S12。
这样,三维打印机无需与计算机连接,可以方便地执行三维打印操作,且三维打印机结构更为简单、操作更为方便。
当然,上述实施例仅是本发明较佳的实施方案,实际应用时还可以有更多的变化,例如,在壳体上设置控制与操作按键,按键与控制器电连接并向控制器发送信号;或者,在需要进行彩色三维打印时,在壳体内设置多个腔体,每一个腔体内容纳不同颜色的打印材料,且每一个腔体的下方均设置一个出料口,这样的改变同样可以实现本发明的目的。
最后需要强调的是,本发明不限于上述实施方式,如壳体形状的改变、投影装置的投影图与显示屏设置位置的改变等变化也应该包括在本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
工业实用性
本发明提供的三维打印机可以放置在桌面上或者平坦的表面上,通过手持移动三维打印机即可以实现三维打印。由于三维打印机是拍摄三维打印机壳体底壁下的图像,根据所拍摄的图像计算三维打印机的位置,三维打印机根据当前的位置以及待打印物体的形状,喷出相应打印材料。
因此,三维打印机无需设置复杂的移动机构,体积较小,结构简单,使用者可以方便地携带三维打印机,且方便地实现打印操作。

Claims (10)

  1. 三维打印机,包括
    壳体,所述壳体内设有容纳打印材料的腔体,所述腔体的下端设有出料口,所述壳体内还设有用于控制所述打印材料喷出所述出料口的控制器;
    其特征在于:
    所述出料口设置在所述壳体的底壁,在铅垂方向上,所述出料口的下端面高于所述壳体的下端面;
    所述壳体内还设有摄像装置,所述摄像装置的镜头朝下设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三维打印机,其特征在于:
    所述壳体内还设有数据收发装置,所述摄像装置及所述控制器均与所述数据收发装置进行数据交换。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的三维打印机,其特征在于:
    所述摄像装置与所述控制器电连接,并将获取的图像信息传输至所述控制器。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的三维打印机,其特征在于:
    所述壳体内还设有与所述控制器电连接的投影装置,所述投影装置的投影头伸出所述壳体外。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的三维打印机,其特征在于:
    所述壳体上还设有存储卡插槽,所述存储卡插槽的一侧设有读卡装置,所述读卡装置与所述控制器电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的三维打印机,其特征在于:
    所述壳体上还设有与所述控制器电连接的显示屏。
  7. 三维打印机的工作方法,该三维打印机的壳体内设有容纳印材料的腔体,所述腔体的下端设有出料口,所述壳体内还设有控制器,且所述壳体内还设有摄像装置,所述摄像装置的镜头朝下设置,所述三维打印机的壳体内还设有数据收发装置,其特征在于:该方法包括
    所述摄像装置连续拍摄打印介质的图像或已打印物体的图像,将拍摄的图像通过所述数据收发装置传输至计算机,所述计算机根据所述图像计算并确定所述三维打印机的位置,并根据待打印物体的形状生成控制信号,通过所述数据收发装置向所述控制器发送所述控制信号,所述控制器根据所述控制信号控制所述出料口的启闭。
  8. 三维打印机的工作方法,该三维打印机的壳体内设有容纳印材料的腔体,所述腔体的下端设有出料口,所述壳体内还设有控制器,且所述壳体内还设有摄像装置,所述摄像装置的镜头朝下设置,其特征在于:该方法包括
    所述摄像装置连续拍摄打印介质的图像或已打印物体的图像并传输至所述控制器,所述控制器根据所述摄像装置拍摄的图像计算并确定所述三维打印机的位置,并根据所确定的位置及待打印的物体的形状控制所述出料口的启闭。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的三维打印机的工作方法,其特征在于:
    所述壳体内还设有与所述控制器电连接的投影装置,所述投影装置的投影头伸出所述壳体外;
    所述控制器接收所述摄像装置所拍摄的图像后,通过所述投影装置投影出去。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的三维打印机的工作方法,其特征在于:
    所述壳体上还设有存储卡插槽,所述存储卡插槽的一侧设有读卡装置,所述读卡装置与所述控制器电连接;
    所述控制器计算所述三维打印机的位置前,通过所述读卡装置读取存储在所述存储卡插槽内的存储卡所存储数据。
PCT/CN2014/079552 2013-07-01 2014-06-10 三维打印机及其打印方法 WO2015000351A1 (zh)

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