WO2014206007A1 - 风电场谐波抑制方法、风力发电机组和风力发电站 - Google Patents

风电场谐波抑制方法、风力发电机组和风力发电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014206007A1
WO2014206007A1 PCT/CN2013/088373 CN2013088373W WO2014206007A1 WO 2014206007 A1 WO2014206007 A1 WO 2014206007A1 CN 2013088373 W CN2013088373 W CN 2013088373W WO 2014206007 A1 WO2014206007 A1 WO 2014206007A1
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Prior art keywords
wind
wind power
transformer
phase shifting
grid
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PCT/CN2013/088373
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴晓明
王欣星
张庆忠
桓保军
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BEIJING XJ ELECTRIC CO LTD
Xuji Group Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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BEIJING XJ ELECTRIC CO LTD
Xuji Group Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/28—Wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Definitions

  • Wind farm harmonic suppression method Wind turbine and wind power station
  • the invention relates to a harmonic control method for grid-connected power generation of wind farm wind farms, and belongs to the technical field of grid-connected control of wind farms.
  • a wind turbine and wind power plant system architecture is also provided.
  • the solution of the present invention includes:
  • a wind turbine includes a wind turbine, a power generation system, and a transformer for connecting to a power grid, the transformer being a phase shifting transformer.
  • the wind power plant comprises at least two wind turbines of adjacent spatial proximity and the same type, each wind turbine includes a wind turbine, a power generation system and a transformer for connecting the same feeder, the transformer is a phase shifting transformer, and each wind power generation
  • the phase shifting angle of the phase shifting transformer corresponding to the unit is 60/N, respectively.
  • the transformer of each wind power generator set adopts a phase shifting transformer.
  • the phase-shifting method of the grid-connected transformer is used to make the harmonics generated in the wind turbine set cancel each other in the feeder grid and reduce the harmonic output of the wind farm.
  • Figure 1 is a system schematic diagram of a harmonic suppression method.
  • the main structure of the wind power generator of the present invention is the same as that of the existing wind power generator.
  • the wind turbine, the power generation system and the transformer are sequentially included, and the transformer is passed through the transformer.
  • the transformer is a phase shifting transformer.
  • the power generation system includes power electronics such as generators and PWM inverters.
  • the (2) stroke motor group adopts a phase shifting transformer to be connected to the grid, and the specific phase shifting transformers are all connected to one feeder line, and the units connected to one feeder line are adjacent units of the same space.
  • the grid-connected feeders should be selected according to the geographical environment conditions of the wind turbines, so that adjacent units of the same type can be connected to one feeder; the transformers of the connected units connected to one feeder are at the same angle. Phase shifting transformer with different phases; Phase shifting angle of phase shifting transformer 60
  • the angle is symmetrically distributed, where N is the number of connected units.
  • the units connected to one feeder are the same type of units adjacent to each other.
  • the corresponding phase shifting transformers of the five units are ⁇ , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5, and ⁇ - ⁇ 5 are phase-shifting transformers with different phases at different angles.
  • phase shifting transformer is connected by Ydl, and the phase shift angles of the windings of the secondary side of the five phase shifting transformers with respect to the primary winding are as follows:
  • i 3 ⁇ 4, - I d
  • Each harmonic is: TM .
  • Transformers with m phase phase difference 7i/3m are respectively modulated by m circuits controlled by PWM (PWM inverter
  • PWM PWM inverter
  • the grid side current only contains 6mk ⁇ l harmonics, and the effective value of each harmonic current is inversely proportional to its harmonic order. Thereby, the effect of harmonic suppression of grid-connected power generation is achieved.
  • the star side connection is adopted on the primary side of the grid, and the triangular or triangular extension design is adopted on the side of the fan generator. Since the three windings are connected in such a way that the voltages of the three and third multiples are in the same direction, the three-time and three-times multiple harmonic voltages on the generator side cancel each other out, and no current is formed on the grid side, thereby preventing three- and three-times multiple harmonics to the grid. Wave interference.
  • the harmonics generated by the wind power station are mainly the harmonic components contained in the power injected into the grid by the inverter after the inverter or inverter current is inverted by the inverter, which is generated by a power generation process. Due to the independence of the grid connection of power generation equipment, the correlation between the geographical location of the wind turbines and the mutual matching between the units is required in the document.
  • the present invention selects no more than 5 adjacent units.
  • the angle of the specific phase shift can be determined based on the number of wind turbines on the grid of a feeder. Since the feeder connection of the wind turbine is generally the principle of proximity, in general, the wind power characteristics of the generator are close due to the small difference in space and time. Therefore, it is beneficial to phase shift transformer phase shift connection to reduce harmonics.
  • the transformer will appear in the manufacturing process due to the rounding principle of the number of turns, and a large error occurs (the lower the voltage, the larger the rounding error), so that the transformer cannot meet the requirements in the calculation.
  • the output value increases the error; in addition, due to the increase of the number of connected fans, the spatial gap will increase, and the wind power characteristics induced by the wind turbine will also change greatly, which will also cause the grid-connected wind turbine. Larger output differences. Practice has proved that the adjacent five units have smaller wind power errors.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

风电场谐波抑制方法，在同一条馈线并网发电的风电机组采用不同移相角度的变压器并网，利用变压器移相角度的不同，抵消非线性电流产生的谐波，从而降低了风电场的上网谐波。风力发电机组，包括风力机、发电系统和用于连接电网的移相变压器。风力发电站，包括至少两台空间相邻、型号相同的风力发电机组。

Description

风电场谐波抑制方法、 风力发电机组和风力发电站 技术领域
本发明涉及风电场风电机组并网发电谐波治理方法， 属于风电场并网控制 技术领域。
背景技术
随着电力电子技术的成熟， 新建风电场的机组发电过程大多是由电力电子 逆变器控制， 不论是双馈控制发电机转子励磁或者使用逆变器直接并网都存在 由于脉宽调制产生的非线性谐波问题。 虽然控制方法和逆变器 IGBT开关频率 的提升都可以减小谐波输出， 但是基于控制方法的局限和提升 IGBT开关频率 所带来的损耗问题， 有害谐波仍然需要借助其他方法加以抑制。
同时由于风电场大多采用单一型号机组， 其在算法上的缺陷， 也会在相同 机组并网时相互叠加， 放大算法上的缺陷带来的波形畸变量， 如此在风电场的 输出存在比常规电厂更大的波形畸变和丰富的谐波注入到电网， 影响电网发电 质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种针对风电场并网发电输出谐波抑制的方法，用来 降低由于电力电子逆变器控制的风电机组并网发电注入到电网中的有害谐波。 提高风电场并网发电质量， 减少风电场谐波对电网的干扰。 同时还提供了一种 风力发电机组和风力发电站系统构架。
为实现上述目的， 本发明的方案包括：
风力发电机组， 包括风力机、 发电系统和用于连接电网的变压器， 所述变 压器为移相变压器。 风力发电站， 包括至少两台空间相邻、 型号相同的风力发电机组， 每台风 力发电机组包括风力机、 发电系统和用于连接同一馈线的变压器， 所述变压器 为移相变压器， 各风力发电机组所对应移相变压器的移相角度依次相差 60/N,
N为风力发电机组台数。 N=5， 各风力发电机组所对应移相变压器均为 Ydl l接 法， 移相角分别为 -24° ， -12。 ， 0。 ， +12。 ， +24。 。
风电场谐波抑制方法， 在选定区域内， 空间相邻、 型号相同的至少两台风 力发电机组连接同一馈线， 每台风力发电机组的变压器均采用移相变压器。 各 风力发电机组所对应移相变压器的移相角度依次相差 60/N， N为风力发电机组 台数。 N=5， 各风力发电机组所对应移相变压器均为 Ydl l接法， 移相角分别为 -24° ， -12° ， 0° ， +12° ， +24° 。 在风电场风电机组多台集中馈线并网的普遍接线方式下， 使用并网变压器 移相方法， 使产生在风电机组控制的谐波在馈线电网中相互抵消， 降低风电场 上网的谐波输出。
附图说明
图 1是谐波抑制方法的系统原理图。
具体实施方式
本发明的风力发电机组主要构成与现有风力发电机组相同， 从外形来讲， 包括风轮、 机舱、 塔架和基础， 从能量传递上来讲， 依次包括风力机、 发电系 统和变压器， 通过变压器连接电网， 本发明的风力发电机组， 变压器为移相变 压器。 发电系统包括发电机与 PWM逆变器等电力电子设备。
进一歩的， 所述 (2)中风电机组采用移相变压器并网， 所特指的移相变压 器均连接在一条馈线上， 连接到一条馈线上的机组为空间相邻的同型号机组。
对于风力发电站 （风电场） 谐波抑制， 应当根据风电机组地理环境条件， 选择机组并网馈线， 让相邻同型号机组联结到一条馈线上； 使一条馈线上连接 的上网机组变压器采用相同角度不同相位的移相变压器； 移相变压器移相角度 60
为士 i， 角度对称分配， 其中 N为连接的机组台数。
即如图 1， 连接到一条馈线上的机组为空间相邻的同型号机组。 5 台机组 分别对应的移相变压器为 Π、 Τ2、 Τ3、 Τ4、 Τ5， Π-Τ5是相同角度不同相位的 移相变压器。
本实施例中， 移相变压器采用 Ydl l连接， 将 5台移相变压器二次侧各绕 组相对于一次绕组的移相角列表如下：
Figure imgf000005_0001
当 5台风电机组并联运行同时并网发电时，对其中一台机组一次相电流作傅 里叶级数展开可得： i¾, =― Id |£ίπ[(ωΐ. + 24。）― 24°]― - sin 5tot+ 24。） + 24。]
1 1
― - sin[(7tot+ 24。） - 24。] +— sin[(lltot + 24。） + 24。]
7 11
+— 3ΐπί(ί3ωΐ + 24。) - 24。] + - 13 i
其中 为风电机组控制逆变器中折算到移相变压器二次侧的等效直流电 流， 根据上式可以分别列出其他几台风机输出的电流： iM、 iA2、 iA3.、 iA4、 i 上网汇入电网中总电流^ = IA1 + 2A2 + iA3 + ίΑ4 + ίΑ5。 从这些式子可以看出， 二次电流只有 6k土 1次谐波 (k = 0,1Λ〜），如果称 + 1次谐波为正序谐波（含 基波），称所有 6k— 1次谐波为负序谐波，则 IA可以表示为 i = iA÷ + iA_，其中：
2n ( 1
i =—— Id 3¾『(ωί + a)― a]― - sin[7 >t + a)― a]
^ sin[13(^t. + a)― l + -
" j
Figure imgf000006_0001
C-i)
[si (6k― 1}ωΐ + 6kal
6k . 各次电流的相位
Figure imgf000006_0002
由上表可以得出以下结论：
当 k=0时， 各电流分量重的基波分量相位相同， 故以此侧电流中的基波同 相位相叠加， 不相抵消， 同理可知， k=5时， 电流分量中的 29次， 31次谐波 相位相同， 不会抵消。 当 k=l时， 各电流分量中的 5次， 7次谐波分量中的 W1 和 W5、 WZ、 W4相位正好相反， 故相互抵消， 同理可知， k=2， k=3， k=4时情况 相同， 11次、 13次； 17次、 19次； 23次， 25次谐波分量相互抵消， 其幅值 为 0， 电流分量最低次谐波次数为 29次。
2π lAw = N X— 作为一般规律， 由此可知， 电网侧电流基波的有效值为： -、" π
Μ 2 ΪΪ
iAi-,„'¾ =― X— Lsmnitotiro = 6M ± 1: k = 0,1,2,3,.'''
各次谐波为： ™ 。 以 m个 相位一次相差 7i/3m的变压器分别由 m个经由 PWM控制调制的电路 （PWM逆变 器）， 其网侧电流仅含 6mk± l次谐波， 而且各次谐波电流的有效值与其谐波次 数成反比。 从而起到了并网发电谐波抑制的效果。
对于移相变压器设计， 电网一次侧采用星型联结， 风机发电机侧采用三角 或者三角形延边设计。 由于这样接线三个绕组中， 三次及三次倍数的电压方向 一致，发电机侧的三次及三次倍数谐波电压相互抵消，不会在电网侧形成电流， 可以防止对电网的三次及三次的倍数谐波干扰。
风电场所产生的谐波主要是逆变器经过转子或者定子电流经逆变器逆变后 注入到电网的功率中所含的谐波分量， 这是一个发电过程所产生的。 由于发电 设备并网具有的相互独立性，所以文件中要求了风电机组之间的地理位置的相 关性和机组之间的相互匹配性。
根据风功率时空差别对风电机组发电的影响， 以及移相变压器制造工艺中 匝数取整误差对变压器移相角度和电压幅值误差因素， 本发明选用相邻机组不 超过 5台。在实际应用中， 可以根据并在一条馈线的电网上风力发电机数来确 定具体移相的角度。 由于风力发电机的馈线连接一般都是就近原则， 一般情况 下，就近风力发电机由于空间上和时间上的差别小，发电机的风功率特性接近。 因此有利于移相变压器移相连接降低谐波。但是由于随着变压器移相角度的细 分， 变压器在制造中会出现由于匝数的凑整原则， 出现较大的误差（电压越低 凑整误差越大）， 使得变压器不能达到计算中所要求的输出值， 使得误差增加； 另外， 由于所连接的风机增多， 势必造成空间差距的增大， 风电机组所感应的 风功率同一性也将有较大的变化， 这也会造成并网风电机组较大的输出差别。 实践证明， 相邻五台机组具有较小的风功率误差。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 ， 风力发电机组， 包括风力机、 发电系统和用于连接电网的变压器， 其特 征在于， 所述变压器为移相变压器。
， 风力发电站， 其特征在于， 包括至少两台空间相邻、 型号相同的风力发 电机组， 每台风力发电机组包括风力机、发电系统和用于连接同一馈线 的变压器， 所述变压器为移相变压器， 各风力发电机组所对应移相变压 器的移相角度依次相差 60/N， N为风力发电机组台数。
， 根据权利要求 2所述的风力发电站， 其特征在于， N=5， 各风力发电机 组所对应移相变压器均为 Ydl l接法，移相角分别为 -24° ， -12° ， 0° ， +12° ， +24。 。
， 风电场谐波抑制方法， 其特征在于， 在选定区域内， 将空间相邻、 型号 相同的至少两台风力发电机组连接同一馈线，每台风力发电机组的变压 器均采用移相变压器，各风力发电机组所对应移相变压器的移相角度依 次相差 60/N， N为风力发电机组台数。
， 根据权利要求 4所述的风电场谐波抑制方法， 其特征在于， N=5， 各风 力发电机组所对应移相变压器均为 Ydl l 接法， 移相角分别为 -24° ， -12° ， 0。 ， +12 ° ， +24。 。
PCT/CN2013/088373 2013-06-26 2013-12-03 风电场谐波抑制方法、风力发电机组和风力发电站 Ceased WO2014206007A1 (zh)

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