WO2014205510A1 - Traitement de fluide - Google Patents

Traitement de fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014205510A1
WO2014205510A1 PCT/AU2014/050003 AU2014050003W WO2014205510A1 WO 2014205510 A1 WO2014205510 A1 WO 2014205510A1 AU 2014050003 W AU2014050003 W AU 2014050003W WO 2014205510 A1 WO2014205510 A1 WO 2014205510A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
silver
salt
iodine
minutes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2014/050003
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Briggs
Original Assignee
Silverwater International Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2013902361A external-priority patent/AU2013902361A0/en
Application filed by Silverwater International Pty Ltd filed Critical Silverwater International Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2014205510A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014205510A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/23—Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
    • A61L2202/11—Apparatus for generating biocidal substances, e.g. vaporisers, UV lamps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C02F1/766—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens by means of halogens other than chlorine or of halogenated compounds containing halogen other than chlorine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the treatment of fluids in order to reduce their biological loading.
  • the present invention finds application in the treatment of aqueous based fluids.
  • Impure fluids often require processing in order to reduce contamination such as any active biological loading contaminating the fluid.
  • Typical fluids which require processing to reduce- the active biological loading include aqueous solutions comprising water and/or alcohols.
  • aqueous solutions comprising water and/or alcohols.
  • water for domestic consumption fluids used in food processing such as milk and alcoholic beverages, sewage, waste water streams, water in cooling towers, etc.
  • These fluids need to be processed to remove biological contamination, reducing the active biological loading, such that they are fit for use.
  • Solutions comprising water represent common fluids which are processed to reduce the active biological loading. Most water is purified for human consumption but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, agricultural, chemical and other industrial applications.
  • Water purification can be achieved by a- variety of methods. Typically these methods include physical processes such as filtration and sedimentation, biological processes such as sand filters or activated sludge, chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and exposure to ultraviolet irradiation.
  • Chlorination is a known method of water purification and involves adding chlorine to a fluid in order to sanitize the fluid.
  • Use of chlorine is known to be effective against bacteria and viruses and is known to be used in the sanitization of the water in swimming pools and as a disinfection stage in sewage treatment.
  • disinfection by chlorination can be problematic.
  • chlorine can react with naturally occurring organic compounds to produce hazardous by products, which are potentially carcinogenic.
  • Iodine has also been used for water purification and is typically added to water as a solution, in crystallized form, or in tablets containing tetraglycine hydroperiodide. Although it is not as effective as chlorination, iodine also has the ability to destroy anaerobic and aerobic bacteria and is further known to destroy mould and fungi. Unfortunately, iodine treated solutions typically also have an undesirable yellow to brown colouration. The undesirable colouration of the treated water is unacceptable both in the marketplace and under government regulations. In addition native iodine has a very low affinity to water and is almost insoluble making it difficult to use effectively on its own.
  • the present invention relates to a method of processing a fluid to reduce the active biological loading in the fluid.
  • This method comprises increasing the level of colloidal silver in the fluid, adding an iodine-based reagent to the fluid and adding a source of nascent oxygen to the fluid.
  • the nascent oxygen source is not only used as a catalytic response to sliver for sanitization, but it surprisingly also acts as a decolourising agent removing the yellow to brown colour caused by addition of iodine.
  • the resulting fluid is sanitized and colourless, after treatment.
  • Additional algaecide or microbiocidal agents can also be added during the processing of the fluid.
  • soluble copper containing salts and/or alkalising agents can be added.
  • Colloidal silver may be generated by electrolysis of solid silver.
  • the term "colloidal silver” as used herein contains a mixture of solid insoluble silver particles and soluble silver cations.
  • the biological loading of a fluid refers to the level of biological contaminants in the solution.
  • biological contaminants include suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses and fungi.
  • Fluids containing biological contaminants require processing in order to reduce the active biological contamination.
  • the present invention relates to a method of processing a fluid to reduce the active biological loading in the fluid.
  • the fluids typically contain water but are not limited so,
  • other exemplary fluids might contain water and/or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and propanol.
  • Another example of a fluid amenable to treatment by the process of the invention is milk.
  • the level of colloidal silver in the fluid may be increased in any of a number of ways.
  • an aqueous solution of colloidal silver is added to the fluid being treated. This may be added in a batch wise process or in a continuous flow process, depending upon the engineering configuration of the fluid treatment facility.
  • the level of colloidal silver can be increased in the fluid by electrolysis of solid silver in the fluid flow.
  • Silver colloids form into a suspension and ionic silver is also present, being dissolved in -the solution. Without wishing to be limited by the theory it is thought that silver colloids and ionic silver attach to negatively charged bacteria, leading to their death.
  • the colloidal silver is also believed to attach to the sulphur nodules of viruses, preventing the uptake of nutrients that are required by the viruses to multiply.
  • the proportion of ionic silver to solid silver in the colloidal silver may vary.
  • the amount of ionic silver present in the colloidal silver ranges from 60% to 95% of the total amount of silver in the colloidal silver.
  • the amount of solid silver present in the colloidal silver ranges from 5% to 40% of the total amount of silver in the colloidal silver.
  • the colloidal sliver has from 70% to 90% ionic silver and from 10% to 30% solid silver.
  • the colloidal silver used has about 80% ionic silver and about 20% solid silver.
  • the colloidal silver used has about 85% ionic silver and about 15% solid silver.
  • the colloidal silver can be added to the fluid it is typically generated within the fluid by electrolysis of solid silver in the fluid stream or flow. Electrolysis of the solid silver typically occurs by passing the fluid through a conduit containing solid silver, which is electrolysed to thereby increase the level of colloidal silver in the fluid.
  • the quantity of colloidal silver added to the fluid is in accordance with the active biological loading of the fluid and is sufficient to reduce the level active biological loading to acceptable limits for the desired purpose of the fluid.
  • the concentration of colloidal silver is typically increased by less than about 100 g per litre. Even more typically the concentration of colloidal silver is increased by between about 30 to about 70 g per litre. Even more typically the concentration of colloidal silver is increased by about 50 g per litre.
  • the concentration of colloidal silver may be increased prior to the introduction of a nascent oxygen source and an iodine-based reagent which generate the catalytic and synergistic effects discussed above.
  • the concentration of colloidal silver may be increased simultaneously or after the addition of the nascent oxygen source and/or iodine- based reagent.
  • the nascent oxygen and iodine-based reagent can be introduced independently, simultaneously, or in combination.
  • the method comprises the step of adding an iodine-based reagent to the fluid.
  • iodine can be dissolved in water or another suitable solvent (typically an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol) in the presence of potassium iodide.
  • a linear tri-iodide ion complex results from mixing native iodine with iodide salts and the tri-iodide complex is soluble in water.
  • iodine is a known microbiocide
  • solutions containing iodine have an undesirable yellow to brown colour. In certain fluids this yellow colouration is acceptable, dependent on the end-use of the fluid.
  • the present invention relates to a colour-free treated solution.
  • iodine-based reagent can also be further advantageous as iodine is an essential element for all human beings and is used to treat thyroidism, is required by growing embryos for brain development and is neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic.
  • the present invention employs colourless iodine or an iodine-based reagent, which when dissolved in the fluid, is colourless.
  • the iodine- based reagent can be selected from any one of the following: an iodate salt (IO 3 ), periodate salt (IO 4 " ), tri-iodide salt (13 " ) iodide salt ( ) iodine (I2) or a mixture thereof.
  • the iodine based reagents can be generated by reacting native iodine and/or iodide salts with a suitable reagent such as calcium percarbonate (CaCO 3 *1 .5H 2 0) or potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHS0 5 ).
  • a suitable reagent such as calcium percarbonate (CaCO 3 *1 .5H 2 0) or potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHS0 5 ).
  • Native iodine or iodide salts can be converted to iodate salts and/or periodate salts which can be added in the fluid treatment process.
  • iodide salts may be converted to native iodine by oxidation with agents such as calcium percarbonate or potassium peroxymonosulfate.
  • Native iodine crystals are, readily soluble in alcohols such as ethanol at concentrations of up to fifteen precent weight by weight. By dissolving native iodine in ethanol, the solution can then be mixed with an oxidizing agent such as potassium peroxymonosulphate or calcium percarbonate. Once mixed the brown colouration of the solution caused by the dissolved iodine is neutralized by the peroxide reaction within the oxygen laden crystals.
  • Addition of the iodine-based reagent is made such that the addition reduces the active biological loading of the fluid.
  • the quantity of the iodine-based reagent added to the fluid is made in accordance with the active biological loading of the fluid and is sufficient to reduce the level active biological loading to acceptable limits or the desired purpose of the fluid.
  • the nascent oxygen source can be used as a catalytic response to silver to effect sanitization.
  • Typical nascent oxygen sources include but are not limited to hydrogen peroxide, ozone and chloride oxides.
  • the nascent oxygen source is derived from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
  • the nascent oxygen source can be added separately or in combination with the iodine-based reagent.
  • Addition of the nascent oxygen source is made such that the addition reduces the active biological loading of the fluid.
  • the quantity of the nascent oxygen source added to the fluid is made in accordance with the active biological loading of the fluid and is sufficient to reduce the level active biological loading to acceptable limits or the desired purpose of the fluid.
  • an alkalizing agent can be added in the treatment of the fluid.
  • Typical alkalizing agents include carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, citrate and acetate salts. More preferably, the alkalizing agents are selected from hydrogen carbonate, carbonate salts and mixtures thereof. Even more preferably, the alkalizing agents are selected from potassium hydrogen carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
  • Addition of the alkalising agent is made in accordance with the active biological loading of the fluid in order to reduce the level active biological loading to acceptable limits for the desired purpose of the fluid.
  • the alkalising agents can be added to the fluid as a solid.
  • the alkalising agent is added as a dilute solution. More preferably the alkalising agent is added as a dilute aqueous solution, wherein the alkalising agent is dissolved in water.
  • suitable copper containing salts can be added to the fluid for treatment.
  • the copper containing salts can include copper (I) and copper (II) salts but preferably include copper (II) salts. More preferably, the soluble copper containing salt is copper sulphate.
  • the copper containing salts are at least partly soluble in the fluid and are preferably highly soluble in low concentrations. Addition of the copper containing salt is made in accordance with the active biological loading of the fluid in order to reduce the level active biological loading to acceptable limits for the desired purpose of the fluid.
  • the copper containing salt can be added to the fluid as a solid.
  • the copper containing salt is added as a dilute solution. More preferably the copper containing salt is added as a dilute aqueous solution, wherein the copper containing salt is dissolved in water.
  • the first experiments were designed to challenge the present invention by testing the efficacy of the colloidal silver in combination with iodine and the nascent source of oxygen.
  • Melbourne tap water was sterilised and then seeded with high levels of coliform bacteria. The seeded tap water was then treated with colloidal silver, iodine and hydrogen peroxide, allowing 30 minutes contact time and then dispensing samples for analysis.
  • Melbourne tap water was autoclaved to ensure that there was no residual chlorine or other bacteria present which might interfere with the test runs. Chemical analysis of the autoclaved tap Melbourne tap water show the following contents:
  • the sterilised Melbourne tap water was then used for the matrix, which was seeded with high levels of E.coli.
  • the seeded water was passed through a S.H.-01 Model silver nanoparticle production unit. After exiting the silver nanoparticle production unit, the liquid was passed over two cylindrical type pills where a combination of H2O2 and colourless iodine crystals were slowly introduced into the liquid for treatment prior to exiting.
  • the second experiment (second part of Run 4) was designed to investigate the efficacy of the system where the seeded tap water was recycled through the unit for 60 minutes and then samples were taken for analysis. Details of the experiment, Runs 1 to 4, are outlined below:
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was turned on and the seeded water was run through at 4.1 1 litres per minute.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was re-started and the first litre out of the system was collected for analysis.
  • the sample was stored at room temperature and then re-tested in triplicate at 30 minutes and 60 minutes.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was turned on and the seeded water was run through at 4.1 1 litres per minute.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was re-started and the first litre out of the system was collected for analysis.
  • the sample was stored at room temperature and then re-tested in triplicate at 30 minutes and 60 minutes.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was re-started and the next litre out of the system was collected for analysis.
  • Run 4 also investigated the viability of E.coli in the second litre of seeded water expelled after 30 minutes contact time. Similar log reductions were observed to results obtained from the first litre sample. The effect of recycling approximately 5 litres of seeded water through the silver generator for 60 minutes was investigated in Run 4. 100% kill was observed (ie 5 log reduction).
  • a second set of experiments (Runs 5, 6 and 7) were also designed to challenge the present invention by testing the efficacy of the colloidal silver in combination with iodine and the nascent source of oxygen.
  • Melbourne tap water was sterilised and then seeded with high levels of coliform bacteria, treating the seeded tap with colloidal silver, iodine and hydrogen peroxide, allowing 30 minutes contact time and then dispensing samples for analysis.
  • the sterilised Melbourne tap water was then used for the matrix, which was seeded with high levels of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • the seeded water was passed through a S.H.-01 Model silver nanoparticle production unit. After exiting the silver nanoparticle production unit, the liquid was passed over two cylindrical type pills where a combination of H 2 O 2 and colourless iodine crystals were slowly introduced into the liquid for treatment prior to exiting.
  • the first experiment (Run 5) was designed to challenge the S.H.-01 Model with high levels of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, running the seeded tap water through the system at 4.1 1 litres per minute, allowing 30 minutes contact time and then dispensing samples for analysis. In addition, the seeded tap water was recycled through the unit for 30 minutes and then a sample was analysed.
  • the second and third experiments (Runs 6 and 7) repeated the procedure used in Run 1 , but using a slower flow rate of 2.0 litres per minute.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was re-started and the first litre out of the system was collected for analysis.
  • MPA-c membrane filtration method and selective media
  • the second litre out of the system was collected for analysis.
  • the system was momentarily turned off so the outlet hose could be inserted into the seeded water tank.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was re-started and the seeded water was recycled through the system for 30 minutes.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was turned on and the seeded water was run through at 2.0 litres per minute.
  • the silver nanoparticle production unit was re-started and the first litre out of the system was collected for analysis.
  • MPA-c membrane filtration method and selective media
  • the system was momentarily turned off so the outlet hose could be inserted into the seeded water tank.
  • the silver generator was re-started and the seeded water was recycled through the system for 30 minutes.
  • Second litre sampled There was no significant reduction in viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa at "0" minutes. After 30 and 60 minutes left at room temperature the sample was re-tested. The level of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not significantly reduced at 30 minutes (1 .35 log reduction), however at 60 minutes there was a significant reduction in viable organisms (3.23 log reduction).

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement d'un fluide destiné à réduire la charge biologique active du fluide. Le procédé consiste à augmenter la teneur en argent colloïdal du fluide, ajouter un réactif à base d'iode au fluide et ajouter une source d'oxygène à l'état naissant au fluide.
PCT/AU2014/050003 2013-06-26 2014-03-17 Traitement de fluide WO2014205510A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2013902361 2013-06-26
AU2013902361A AU2013902361A0 (en) 2013-06-26 Fluid Processing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014205510A1 true WO2014205510A1 (fr) 2014-12-31

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ID=52140676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2014/050003 WO2014205510A1 (fr) 2013-06-26 2014-03-17 Traitement de fluide

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2014205510A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106745666A (zh) * 2016-11-29 2017-05-31 北京师范大学 碘掺杂的颗粒活性炭活化高碘酸钠降解酸性橙的方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734028A (en) * 1956-02-07 Killing algae in water with copper
US20110262556A1 (en) * 2005-01-05 2011-10-27 American Silver, Llc Silver/water, silver gels and silver-based compositions; and methods for making and using the same
US20120318748A1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2012-12-20 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Electrochlorination method for above-ground swimming pools

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734028A (en) * 1956-02-07 Killing algae in water with copper
US20110262556A1 (en) * 2005-01-05 2011-10-27 American Silver, Llc Silver/water, silver gels and silver-based compositions; and methods for making and using the same
US20120318748A1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2012-12-20 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Electrochlorination method for above-ground swimming pools

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106745666A (zh) * 2016-11-29 2017-05-31 北京师范大学 碘掺杂的颗粒活性炭活化高碘酸钠降解酸性橙的方法
CN106745666B (zh) * 2016-11-29 2020-05-01 北京师范大学 碘掺杂的颗粒活性炭活化高碘酸钠降解酸性橙的方法

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