WO2014203610A1 - ギヤおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ギヤおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014203610A1 WO2014203610A1 PCT/JP2014/061146 JP2014061146W WO2014203610A1 WO 2014203610 A1 WO2014203610 A1 WO 2014203610A1 JP 2014061146 W JP2014061146 W JP 2014061146W WO 2014203610 A1 WO2014203610 A1 WO 2014203610A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- mass
- tooth
- cooling
- tempering
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/06—Use of materials; Use of treatments of toothed members or worms to affect their intrinsic material properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gear that requires a high level of both hardness and fatigue strength, such as a drive transmission gear of a vehicle, and a method for manufacturing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a gear made of steel and excellent in both grain boundary strength and plastic deformation strength, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Examples of such high-load gears such as conventional differential gears include those described in Patent Document 1.
- a steel type containing boron, silicon, or the like is used as a material steel for gears. Then, vacuum carburization at a low concentration is performed, followed by quenching, and then the entire tooth is tempered. As a result, an attempt is made to obtain a gear having both tooth root strength and tooth surface strength.
- the conventional techniques described above have the following problems. Apart from the hardness of the steel material in the finished gear, the fatigue strength of the surface layer may be insufficient. For this reason, fatigue fracture sometimes occurred locally. In particular, at sharp edges such as the edge between the tooth and the gear end face, carbon penetrates excessively during carburizing and carbon is concentrated, resulting in a martensitic structure with a higher carbon concentration than the tooth surface during quenching. , Lack of fatigue strength became a problem. To solve this problem, for example, the carbon concentration during carburization can be lowered. As a result, a sharp portion such as an edge portion has a martensite structure having a lower carbon concentration than when the carbon concentration is not lowered, so that the fatigue strength can be improved.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the conventional techniques described above.
- the problem is that gears with sufficient hardness of tooth surfaces and fatigue strength of sharp parts such as edge parts for high load applications such as vehicle drive transmission systems including differential gears. And providing a manufacturing method thereof.
- a drive system component is formed of material steel, and includes a disc portion and a plurality of teeth that are discretely formed on the disc portion in a circumferential shape. It is a shape in which the root part is formed between the parts, and it is a gear that has undergone vacuum carburizing treatment and subsequent quenching treatment by high-density energy heating after molding, and the chemical composition of the material steel is C: 0.10 to 0.30 mass%, Si: 0.50 to 3.00 mass%, Mn: 0.30 to 3.00% by mass, P: 0.030 mass% or less, S: 0.030 mass% or less, Cu: 0.01 to 1.00% by mass, Ni: 0.01 to 3.00% by mass, Cr: 0.20 to 1.00% by mass, Mo: 0.10% by mass or less, N: 0.05 mass% or less, Fe and inevitable impurities: the balance, and Si mass% + Ni mass% + Cu mass% ⁇ Cr mass%> 0.5
- the filling, A partial tempering region is formed in at least
- the gears described above are formed on the surface by heating the gear formed in the shape using the material steel of the corresponding chemical composition to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the material steel in a carburizing atmosphere at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the gear after the cooling process is heated to a temperature higher than the austenitizing temperature of the base steel by heating it with high-density energy, and from that state, the base steel is cooled at a cooling rate that is higher than the cooling rate at which the base steel undergoes martensitic transformation.
- a quenching process for forming a martensite structure at least in the carburized layer, and at least the tooth part and the tooth root part of the gear after the quenching process are performed.
- the temperature is raised to 180 ° C or higher and does not reach the austenitizing temperature of the material steel, and cooling is performed from that state.
- it is manufactured by performing a partial tempering step in which the concentration of carbon dissolved in the martensite structure is reduced in at least a part of the carburized layer including the edge portion.
- region is formed in the edge part of at least one edge part of the axial direction in a tooth
- high-frequency heating by an exciting coil is used as a heating means, and an end portion having at least one edge portion in the axial direction of the gear enters the internal space of the exciting coil. Heating may be performed with the other end in the axial direction of the gear protruding from the exciting coil.
- B 0.005 mass% or less
- Ti 0.10% by mass
- such a gear includes an umbrella-shaped gear in which one end portion in the axial direction has a larger diameter than the other end portion.
- a partial tempering region is formed at the edge part of the end part on the large diameter side of the tooth part and the tooth base part.
- the end on the large diameter side of the umbrella-shaped gear enters the internal space of the excitation coil and the end on the small diameter side protrudes from the excitation coil. Heating may be performed at Examples of the umbrella-shaped gear include a bevel gear and a hypoid gear.
- the meshing region of the tooth surface with the other gear is not included in the partial tempering region and is composed of a martensite structure generated by the quenching process.
- the meshing area with the meshing counterpart gear on each gear tooth surface is not included in the partial tempering area and is quenched. It is preferably composed of a martensite structure generated by the treatment. This is because high hardness is required in this region.
- a gear having sufficient hardness and fatigue strength and a manufacturing method thereof for high load applications such as a vehicle drive transmission system including a differential gear.
- FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged plan view of a part of FIG. 2. It is the fragmentary perspective view which looked at the differential gear concerning this form from another direction. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the edge part of a differential gear. It is a schematic diagram explaining the raise of the fatigue strength by tempering. It is a graph which shows the relationship with quenching hardness and tempering hardness with respect to C density
- the present invention is embodied as a differential gear used in a differential device of a drive transmission system of an automobile.
- the shape of the differential gear 1 according to this embodiment is shown in the perspective view of FIG. 1 and the plan view of FIG.
- tooth portions 11 are discretely provided at equal intervals on the periphery of a circular disc portion 12.
- a tooth root portion 13 exists between the tooth portion 11 and the tooth portion 11.
- the differential gear 1 is a bevel gear having different diameters on the upper end surface 14 side and the lower end surface 15 side in the axial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1).
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the differential gear 1 as viewed from the small diameter upper end surface 14 side.
- FIG. 1 shows a 9-tooth configuration
- FIG. 2 shows a 10-tooth configuration.
- the differential gear 1 is assumed to be used as a pinion gear in a differential device, but the gear used as a side gear is a similar bevel gear except for the size and the number of teeth.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a region A which is a part of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of the differential gear 1 as viewed from a direction different from that in FIG.
- the differential gear 1 is seen from the large-diameter lower end surface 15 side.
- the projecting shape or the peak-shaped portion of the end portion of the differential gear 1 on the lower end surface 15 side of the tooth portion 11 or the end portion on the lower end surface 15 side of the tooth root portion 13 is hatched. As shown.
- This part is greatly affected by the surface during gear processing.
- this portion is referred to as the edge portion 16.
- the hatched region of the edge portion 16 is given on the drawing in order to specifically show the portion in the differential gear 1. It does not mean that any deposits are attached to the part of the actual differential gear 1.
- FIG. 5 shows a partial cross-sectional view near the edge 16 of the differential gear 1.
- the vicinity of the edge portion 16 has a shape protruding from the other portion at an acute angle. For this reason, it is greatly affected by the surface during processing.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section near the edge portion 16 in the tooth root portion 13.
- the edge portion 16 in the tooth portion 11 is not as large as the tooth root portion 13, but has a sharp shape as compared with a portion other than the edge portion 16.
- An arrow G in FIG. 5 is for explanation in FIG. 14 to be described later.
- steel of the present embodiment steel that can be used as a material for the differential gear 1 (hereinafter referred to as “steel of the present embodiment”) will be described.
- the mass% in the composition is simply described as%.
- the component ranges of the steel of this embodiment are as follows. C: 0.10 to 0.30%, Si: 0.50 to 3.00%, Mn: 0.30 to 3.00%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Cu: 0.01 to 1.00%, Ni: 0.01 to 3.00%, Cr: 0.20 to 1.00%, Mo: 0.10% or less, N: 0.05% or less, Fe and inevitable impurities: the balance.
- C 0.10 to 0.30%
- C is an element necessary for ensuring the strength of steel. Therefore, in the steel of this embodiment, the lower limit of the amount of C added is 0.1% to ensure the internal strength.
- the upper limit of the amount of C added is set to 0.30%.
- concentration is before the carburizing process mentioned later. After the carburizing process, the C concentration in the surface layer affected by the carburizing process becomes a higher value.
- Si 0.50 to 3.00%
- Si is an element related to deoxidation in the steelmaking process, and is an element effective for imparting necessary strength and hardenability to the steel and improving temper softening resistance.
- 0.50% or more of Si is included in the steel of this embodiment. If the Si content exceeds 3.00%, the strength of the steel increases, so that forgeability, particularly cold forgeability, or cutting workability deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content needs to be in the range of 0.50% to 3.00%.
- Mn 0.30 to 3.00%
- Mn is an element effective for improving the hardenability. However, if the content is less than 0.30%, the effect is insufficient. If the Mn content exceeds 3.00%, the hardness is rather increased, and the forgeability of the material, in particular, cold forgeability or cutting workability is deteriorated. Therefore, the Mn content needs to be in the range of 0.30% to 3.00%.
- P in steel has the effect of segregating at grain boundaries and reducing toughness. For this reason, it is necessary to reduce as much as possible. Although it is difficult to make it 0, it is necessary to limit it to 0.030% or less.
- S 0.030% or less, S reacts with Mn in the steel to generate MnS and to reduce toughness. For this reason, it is necessary to make content of S 0.030% or less.
- Cr 0.20 to 1.00%, Cr, contrary to Si, Cu, and Ni, is a component that promotes the formation of iron carbide, and cannot be present in a large amount in steel. For this reason, Cr must be suppressed to 1.00% or less. The same applies to the case where there are many components that suppress the formation of iron carbide. On the other hand, since Cr is an element that improves the hardenability and temper softening resistance of steel, a content of 0.20% or more is necessary.
- Si, Cu, and Ni and Cr have a reverse action with respect to the formation of iron carbide.
- generation suppression effect of Si, Cu, and Ni must surpass the production
- Mo 0.10% or less
- Mo is not an essential element for the steel of this embodiment, but when it is contained, the upper limit is 0.10%. If it is in the range of the above upper limit, improvement in hardenability and temper softening resistance due to the inclusion of Mo can be expected. However, since the same effect can be obtained by adding an appropriate amount of Si or Mn (particularly Si), the inclusion of Mo is not essential.
- N 0.05% or less
- the steel of this embodiment may further contain the following components.
- B 0.005% or less (excluding 0%)
- B is an element effective for imparting hardenability and strengthening the grain boundary strength when added.
- B strengthens the grain boundary strength because B segregates at the grain boundaries in preference to P in steel. It is a well-known fact that the grain boundary segregation of P significantly reduces the grain boundary strength of steel, but B prevents this.
- B's own grain boundary segregation acts in a rather good direction on the grain boundary strength of steel. However, excessive content not only saturates the effect of hardenability, but also harms workability. For this reason, it is necessary to make it 0.005% or less.
- the addition of B is significant when the target steel product has undergone phosphate treatment in the forming process. This is because P contained in the phosphate film penetrates into the steel to some extent during the carburizing process. Even in drive system parts such as the differential gear 1, phosphate treatment is often performed during the molding process, and the grain boundary strength can be improved by adding B.
- Ti 0.10% or less (excluding 0%), Ti is an element that reacts with N in steel to produce nitride (TiN). For this reason, there exists an effect which prevents that the effect of the hardenability improvement of B lose
- the material steel having the following component composition is used as the material steel of the differential gear 1 or its test piece.
- the differential gear 1 of the present embodiment is formed by performing rough forming by cold forging using the steel of the above components as a starting material, and then performing cutting. As a result, the outer shape of the differential gear 1 is completed. However, the differential gear 1 of the present embodiment is obtained by further processing the following process.
- the differential gear 1 is heated in a carburizing atmosphere to form a carburized layer on the surface layer portion of the differential gear 1 to increase the hardness of the surface layer portion.
- Cooling step is a step of cooling the differential gear 1 after the carburizing step. This cooling must be carried out at least until the structural transformation due to the temperature drop after carburization is completed.
- the quenching process is a process in which the differential gear 1 after the cooling process is heated to the austenite region with high-density energy, and after being heated, is rapidly cooled and cured.
- Tempering step This is a step of locally tempering the site where a large amount of carbon has penetrated in the carburizing step "1."
- the carburizing process of “1.” will be further described.
- a hydrocarbon gas is introduced into the furnace, and the target steel (here, differential gear 1) is placed in the atmosphere and heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the austenitizing temperature.
- C is penetrated into the surface layer of the steel material to form a carburized layer.
- carburized gas molecules come into contact with the surface of the steel and decompose to generate active C.
- Carbide is formed by supplying this active C to the steel surface.
- the carbides are decomposed and the stored C is dissolved in the Fe matrix.
- C diffuses inward and a carburized layer is formed.
- the entry route of C is not limited to the route via carbide, but there is also a route in which active carbon dissolves directly into the matrix.
- the carburizing step in this embodiment is performed by vacuum carburizing treatment in which the temperature is in the range of 900 to 1100 ° C. and the atmospheric pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the C concentration on the surface of the steel material after the diffusion period is 0.8% or less, which is a relatively low concentration after carburizing. If it does in this way, C concentration of a carburized layer will be made below into carbon content of eutectoid steel. For this reason, austenite transformation is again performed by heating at the time of subsequent quenching, and then rapid cooling is performed, so that a ferritic carbide (cementite) is not precipitated and a martensitic structure can be obtained.
- the carburizing temperature is about 1000 ° C.
- the atmospheric pressure in the vacuum carburizing process is preferably in the range of 1 hPa to 20 hPa. If the atmospheric pressure in the vacuum carburizing process is reduced to less than 1 hPa, expensive equipment is required to realize and maintain the degree of vacuum. On the other hand, when the pressure is higher than 20 hPa, soot is generated during carburizing. This may cause a problem of uneven carburization.
- hydrocarbon-type gas such as acetylene, propane, butane, methane, ethylene, ethane, can be applied, for example.
- the edge portion 16 described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 has a larger amount of carbon than the other portions. This is because, since the shape is sharp in the vicinity of the edge portion 16, the volume of carbon that has entered from the surface can diffuse into the inside is small, and as a result, a large amount of C exists after carburizing. This is because carburizing is performed by vacuum carburizing. If gas carburizing is performed at atmospheric pressure, the steel surface will be in an equilibrium state where not only carburizing reaction but also decarburizing reaction occurs. For this reason, even the edge portion 16 does not have a higher C concentration than other portions. However, in vacuum carburization, the reaction proceeds in a non-equilibrium state with only carburization and no decarburization. For this reason, C concentration occurs at the edge portion 16.
- the cooling process is performed under slow cooling conditions. More specifically, at least the steel material of the differential gear 1 is cooled to a temperature lower than the temperature at which the structural transformation by cooling is completed at a cooling rate lower than the cooling rate at which the martensitic transformation occurs during cooling. Thereby, generation
- Such an effect of the cooling process can suppress distortion during cooling after carburizing. Thereby, it is possible to proceed to the next process, that is, the quenching process, while maintaining high dimensional accuracy. This effect is highly obtained by performing the cooling step by slow cooling. Then, in combination with the merit of performing the next quenching process by high-density energy heating, the differential gear 1 after quenching can have high shape accuracy with little distortion.
- the cooling process under reduced pressure together with the carburizing process.
- the pressure difference between the two processes is small.
- the carburizing chamber and the slow cooling chamber can be directly connected to perform both processes continuously. That is, it is not necessary to provide a spare chamber for pressure adjustment between the two chambers. That is, the product after the vacuum carburizing process can be subjected to a reduced pressure annealing process without being exposed to atmospheric pressure. This also contributes to the reduction of distortion.
- the atmospheric pressure in the cooling process is preferably in the range of 100 hPa to 650 hPa. Note that the cooling step can be performed without being under reduced pressure.
- the quenching process of “3.” will be described. What is important in the quenching process is that at least the carburized layer is transformed into martensite by rapid cooling from the state where the differential gear 1 is heated to the austenitizing temperature or higher. For this reason, the differential gear 1 once cooled in the cooling step “2.” is again heated to a high temperature. High energy heating such as high frequency heating is suitable for this heating.
- the rapid cooling in the quenching process is preferably performed by water cooling.
- martensite transformation can be achieved by rapid cooling with water cooling, and a high quenching effect can be obtained. That is, further strengthening of the quenched portion is achieved.
- the differential gear 1 is processed by flowing one, and at the time of water cooling after heating, cooling is performed by injecting cooling water from the surroundings toward the differential gear 1 while rotating the differential gear 1. It is preferable to do. In this way, each part of the differential gear 1 can be uniformly cooled rapidly. For this reason, generation
- the differential gear 1 is the target.
- the heating in the quenching process may be performed under the condition that the entire surface and the inside of the tooth portion 11 are austenitic. preferable. This is because the differential gear 1 is required to have both a high surface hardness of the tooth portion 11 and a high internal toughness. For this reason, high-density energy heating is suitable as a heating method in the quenching process.
- the purpose of this tempering process is not to temper the entire differential gear 1 but to temper specific parts locally.
- the specific portion to be tempered is the edge portion 16 described with reference to FIGS. The reason is that the differential gear 1 after the quenching process has a high surface hardness, but the fatigue strength of the edge portion 16 is weak, which is solved.
- the edge portion 16 is a portion where the amount of C that has penetrated in the carburizing process is larger than other portions. For this reason, the concentration of C dissolved in the martensite structure after quenching is also higher than that of the other parts. As a result, the hardness of the martensitic structure inside the prior austenite crystal grains is higher than usual. However, this reduces the fatigue strength. This is because the martensite structure in the prior austenite crystal grains is too hard and the load when stress is applied is concentrated only on the grain boundaries. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 6, cracks 3 are generated at the grain boundaries 4 and gaps are formed between the crystal grains 2. As a result, the edge portion 16 is damaged during durability.
- the differential gear 1 of this embodiment is solved by locally tempering a portion in the vicinity of the edge portion 16 (including at least the portion of the differential gear 1 including the edge portion 16). That is, the temperature in the vicinity of the edge portion 16 of the differential gear 1 is raised to a temperature within the range of 180 ° C. to 500 ° C. that does not lead to austenite, and then cooled.
- the cooling method may be water cooling or air cooling, but water cooling is particularly preferable because the faster cooling rate is better.
- the hardness of the martensitic structure in the prior austenite grains is also lower than before tempering. For this reason, the load when stress is applied is applied equally to the grain boundaries and the grains. In this way, the generation of the crack 3 shown in FIG. 6 is prevented. That is, the durability strength is improved.
- the surface hardness (HV) before and after tempering of the steel material of the differential gear 1 is shown for each surface layer C concentration.
- “Hardening” is displayed as the hardness before tempering
- “180 ° C. tempering” is displayed as the hardness after tempering.
- the hardness after tempering is lower than before tempering. For example, looking at the place of 0.6% in the graph, it is about HV770 before tempering, but is lowered to about HV700 after tempering. This is the manifestation of the effect of hardness reduction due to tempering. In the locally tempered portion in the vicinity of the edge portion 16, the hardness is slightly lowered by tempering.
- the decrease in hardness due to this tempering is considered to occur as follows. That is, by tempering, a part of C dissolved in the martensite structure in the prior austenite crystal grains forms carbide together with Fe. Accordingly, the C concentration dissolved in the martensite structure in the prior austenite crystal grains is lowered, so that the hardness is also lowered. That is, the hardness is lower than the hardness of the martensite structure before tempering at the same C concentration. Even in the surface layer of the differential gear 1, the hardness before tempering is maintained at a place other than the part that has been partially tempered. This is because the concentration of C dissolved in the martensite structure in the prior austenite crystal grains does not change.
- Fe carbides are generated as much as the concentration of C dissolved in the martensite structure in the prior austenite crystal grains decreases. For this reason, in this part, the abundance ratio of Fe carbide is higher than in other parts. This can be confirmed by comparing the area ratios occupied by Fe carbides on the surface in this part and other parts.
- the Fe carbides here are mainly ⁇ carbides (Fe 2 .3 C) and cementite (Fe 3 C), and the generation ratios thereof differ depending on the temperature rise during tempering. When the temperature rise during tempering is in the range of 180 ° C to 250 ° C, a lot of ⁇ carbides are produced, and in the range of 250 ° C to 500 ° C, a lot of cementite is produced.
- This graph is a graph showing the relationship between the surface hardness (HV) and the 10,000 times strength (MPa) in the steel of this embodiment.
- the surface hardness is Vickers hardness
- the 10,000 times strength is a maximum stress that can withstand repeated application 10,000 times.
- this repeated test was performed using a round bar-shaped test piece 20 with a notch 21.
- the Vickers hardness measurement was performed at the bottom of the notch 21 in the test piece 20 before the repetition test.
- the surface hardness was changed by carburizing and tempering.
- the plot points of the D group in FIG. 8 are the results of the test piece 20 having a relatively low C concentration dissolved in the martensite structure, which is slightly inferior in surface hardness but very high at 10,000 times strength. Are better. This corresponds to the portion other than the edge portion 16 in the differential gear 1 and the edge portion 16 after tempering.
- the plot point of the E group is a result of the test piece 20 having a relatively high C concentration dissolved in the martensite structure.
- the surface hardness is very high, but the 10,000 times strength is slightly inferior. This corresponds to the edge portion 16 before tempering in the differential gear 1. From the above, it can be seen that tempering has the effect of improving the 10,000 times strength (that is, fatigue strength), although the surface hardness is slightly lower than before tempering.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows the positional relationship between the heater and the differential gear 1 when this heating is performed by high-frequency heating.
- an annular exciting coil 22 and a rod-shaped sample holder 23 appear as components of the high-frequency heating device.
- the high-frequency heating device supports the differential gear 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 by sandwiching it from above and below with a sample holder 23 and moving the differential gear 1 in the axial direction, that is, up and down in FIG. It arrange
- a high frequency is applied to the exciting coil 22, and the differential gear 1 is heated by a current induction action by the high frequency.
- the large-diameter lower end surface 15 of the differential gear 1 faces the exciting coil 22.
- the entire differential gear 1 does not enter the space inside the excitation coil 22, but only the vicinity of the lower end surface 15 enters the excitation coil 22, and the portion on the small diameter upper end surface 14 side exits from the excitation coil 22. It is assumed that the arrangement relationship.
- the edge portion 16 on the lower end surface 15 side and the vicinity thereof are locally heated, and the portion on the upper end surface 14 side is not heated so much. Subsequent cooling causes partial tempering.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a meshing position between the side gear 100 and the pinion gear 200 in the differential device.
- Each of the side gear 100 and the pinion gear 200 in FIG. 11 is a gear corresponding to the “differential gear 1”.
- the side gear 100 in FIG. 11 is arranged so that the left-right direction in the drawing is the axial direction.
- the left side in the figure is the large diameter surface 115.
- the pinion gear 200 is arranged so that the vertical direction in the figure is the axial direction.
- the upper side in the figure is the large diameter surface 215. Regions where the tooth portion 111 of the side gear 100 and the tooth portion 211 of the pinion gear 200 overlap in the drawing are meshing regions 117 and 217 of the tooth surfaces of both gears.
- the edge portions 116 and 216 of the side gear 100 and the pinion gear 200 are surrounded by broken lines. All of these portions have excellent 10,000 times strength by tempering as described above.
- both the meshing regions 117 and 217 belong to portions other than the partial tempering region. Therefore, both the meshing regions 117 and 217 have sufficiently high hardness as described above.
- the graph of FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the surface layer C concentration and the Vickers hardness after tempering in the low Si material (Si concentration: 0.18%) and the steel of this embodiment (Si concentration: 0.75%). It is a graph.
- the surface layer C concentration is in the range of 0.5% to 1.1%. This is achieved by gas carburizing.
- This low Si material shows the highest post-tempering hardness when the surface C concentration is 0.8%.
- the steel of this embodiment in this graph has a lower C concentration after carburization as described above, assuming a portion other than the edge portion 16 in the differential gear 1.
- the steel of this embodiment has the same hardness as when the surface C concentration is 0.8%, which is the highest hardness in the low Si material, even though the surface layer C concentration is as low as 0.6%. Is realized. This is the effect of the temper softening resistance by adding Si.
- the graph of FIG. 13 is a graph for explaining the influence of the C concentration on the fatigue strength. This graph shows the number of cycles to failure when a constant stress is repeatedly applied.
- “Excess C%” in this graph is based on a test piece whose surface C concentration was increased to 0.8% or more by gas carburization, and is a comparative example.
- “High C%” is based on a test piece having a surface layer C concentration of 0.6 to 0.8% after carburizing, and corresponds to the edge portion 16 in the differential gear 1.
- “Low C%” is based on a test piece having a surface layer C concentration after carburization of 0.3 to 0.6%, and corresponds to a portion other than the edge portion 16 in the differential gear 1.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the Vickers hardness and the depth from the surface H on the arrow G in the sectional view shown in FIG.
- the Vickers hardness is remarkably higher in the region of the surface layer having a depth of 1 mm or less than the core portion having a depth of 1 mm or more. This is considered to be due to the C enrichment during carburizing in the edge portion 16 described above.
- the hardness is slightly reduced compared to before tempering.
- the hardness of the core before tempering is never less. This shows that sufficient hardness is maintained even after tempering.
- the tempering in the test of FIG. 14 is performed when heating is performed using a high-frequency heating device under the conditions of 4.5 kHz, 110 V, and 4 seconds. Under this condition, the surface temperature of the edge portion 16 was about 190 ° C.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the surface layer C concentration (%) and 6400 times strength (MPa) for each tempering temperature in the four-point bending of the round bar-shaped test piece 20 shown in FIG.
- the surface layer C concentration (%) here is the C concentration after carburizing at the bottom of the notch 21 in the test piece 20.
- the strength of 6400 times is the maximum stress that can withstand repeated application of 6400 times.
- FIG. 15 shows the results at various C concentrations for the three levels of no tempering, 180 ° C. tempering, and 400 ° C. tempering. At any C concentration, both 180 ° C. tempering and 400 ° C. tempering show 6400 times strength superior to those without tempering.
- C concentration of 0.56% is compared with the value shown as “conventional product” in FIG. 15, it is about 20% in the case of tempering at 180 ° C. and about 23% in the case of tempering at 400 ° C. Has been rising.
- FIG. 15 also plots an example of tempering at 500 ° C. and C concentration of 0.56%. This is an increase of about 28% compared to the “conventional product”. From the above, it can be seen that the tempering temperature is preferably higher in the range of 180 ° C. to 500 ° C. in terms of improving the fatigue strength.
- the tempering temperature in the differential gear 1 is preferably 180 ° C. to less than 200 ° C.
- the heat treatment equipment 5 suitable for this embodiment includes a pre-wash tank 51, a vacuum carburizing and slow cooling device 52, an induction hardening machine 53, an induction tempering machine 54, and a magnetic flaw detection device 55.
- the pre-washing tank 51 is a part for washing the differential gear 1 before the start of heat treatment.
- the vacuum carburizing slow cooling device 52 includes a heating chamber 521, a vacuum carburizing chamber 522, and a reduced pressure slow cooling chamber 523.
- the temperature of the differential gear 1 is raised in the heating chamber 521, and then the vacuum carburizing in the vacuum carburizing chamber 522 (said “1.”) and the reduced pressure annealing in the reduced pressure annealing chamber 523 (said “2.”) are performed. To be done. There is no spare chamber between the vacuum carburizing chamber 522 and the vacuum annealing chamber 523.
- the induction hardening machine 53 is a part that performs high frequency heating and subsequent water cooling (the above-mentioned “3.”) on the differential gear 1 after being gradually cooled under reduced pressure.
- the induction tempering machine 54 is a part that performs partial tempering (the above-mentioned “4.”) by induction heating and subsequent water cooling on the differential gear 1 after quenching.
- the magnetic flaw detector 54 is a part for inspecting the differential gear 1 for defects after tempering.
- the vacuum carburizing step (the above “1.”) in the vacuum carburizing chamber 522 of the vacuum carburizing slow cooling device 52 will be described.
- the carburizing process in this embodiment is a vacuum carburizing process performed in a carburizing gas whose pressure is reduced to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 17 shows a heat pattern in this vacuum carburizing process and the subsequent reduced pressure annealing process.
- the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents temperature.
- “a” indicates the heating period in the heating chamber 521.
- What is indicated by “b1” and “b2” is the holding period in the vacuum carburizing chamber 522.
- the first period “b1” of the holding period is a carburizing period in the carburizing process
- the subsequent period “b2” is a diffusion period in the carburizing process.
- the carburization temperature that is, the holding temperature in the holding periods “b1” and “b2” was set to 950 ° C., which is a temperature equal to or higher than the austenitizing temperature of the raw steel. That is, the differential gear 1 was heated to this holding temperature during the heating period “a”.
- the temperature of the differential gear 1 was maintained at a constant temperature, that is, the above-described holding temperature.
- the pressure of the carburizing gas in the vacuum carburizing process was set within a range of 1 to 3.5 hPa. Further, acetylene was used as the carburizing gas in the carburizing period “b1”.
- carburizing conditions were determined as follows through pre-conditioning experiments. That is, the C concentration of the surface layer of the edge portion 16 is within a range of 0.6 ⁇ 0.05%, and the C concentration of the surface layer at a location away from the edge portion 16 (tooth surface, etc.) is 0.5 ⁇ 0.05%. Conditions within the range were adopted.
- the slow cooling treatment in this embodiment is a vacuum slow cooling treatment performed in an atmosphere reduced to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- the period indicated by “c” is the slow cooling period.
- the atmospheric pressure in the reduced pressure annealing process was set to 600 hPa.
- the gas type of the atmosphere was N 2 gas.
- the cooling rate in the reduced pressure gradual cooling treatment was set within the range of 0.1 to 3.0 ° C./second.
- cooling was performed from a temperature equal to or higher than the austenitizing temperature immediately after the carburizing treatment to 150 ° C., which is lower than the A1 transformation point.
- the heat pattern shown in FIG. 17 is one example, and can be changed to an optimum condition for the type of material steel to be used by appropriately performing preliminary tests.
- the quenching process (the above “3.”) in the induction hardening machine 53 will be described.
- high-frequency heating was used as a means for high-density energy heating.
- water cooling was used as a rapid cooling means.
- the heat pattern of the quenching process is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 18, as with FIG. 17, time is plotted on the horizontal axis and temperature is plotted on the vertical axis.
- “d1” indicates a temperature rising period
- “d2” indicates a rapid cooling period.
- the teeth 11 on the outer peripheral side of the differential gear 1 are heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the austenitizing temperature by high-frequency heating.
- the differential gear 1 is rapidly cooled by water injection so that the cooling rate in the carburized layer becomes equal to or higher than the critical cooling rate.
- the critical cooling rate is the cooling rate required for martensitic transformation of the austenitized material steel, particularly the carburized layer.
- This high-frequency heating was performed individually one by one while flowing (transporting) the differential gear 1 by one unit.
- Water cooling in the rapid cooling period “d2” was about 13 seconds, and the cooling rate during that period was 50 to 65 ° C./second.
- the differential gear 1 was rotated, and cooling water was sprayed from the surroundings toward the differential gear 1 to cool one by one.
- the quenching process was performed by a method that can suppress the occurrence of distortion most.
- the heat pattern of FIG. 18 is also an example, and can be changed to an optimum condition for the type of material steel to be used by appropriately performing a preliminary test. For example, the cooling after the temperature rise can be performed in two stages.
- the partial tempering step (“4.”) in the induction tempering machine 54 will be described.
- high-frequency heating was used as means for high-density energy heating, and partial heating shown in FIG. 10 was performed.
- the heat pattern in the edge part 16 shall be shown in FIG.
- time is plotted on the horizontal axis and temperature is plotted on the vertical axis.
- e1 indicates a temperature raising period
- e2 indicates a cooling period.
- the energy input during the temperature rising period “e1” was about 11 kW, and the heating time was about 5 sec. As a result, the heating temperature was set within the range of 180 ° C. to 500 ° C. at the edge portion 16. Note that the surface layer of the upper end surface 14 (small diameter side) opposite to the edge portion 16 is not heated, and therefore remains within the range of 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. at room temperature.
- the cooling in the cooling period “e2” was performed by water cooling.
- the cooling rate at this time was set within a range of 80 to 90 ° C./second. At this cooling rate, the temperature was cooled to about 25 ° C. from the temperature at the end of the temperature raising period “e1”.
- the differential gear 1 of the present embodiment in order to obtain a martensite structure after quenching, the C concentration after carburization is suppressed to a low level by vacuum carburization. At that time, C penetrates excessively into the edge portion 16, so that the partial tempering step is performed after the quenching is completed. As a result, the C content dissolved in the martensite structure in the prior austenite crystal grains of the edge portion 16 was lowered, but the influence on the portions other than the edge portion 16 was not so much affected. Hardenability and temper softening resistance were ensured by adding Si or the like. In this way, the differential gear 1 and the manufacturing method thereof have been realized that balances the grain boundary strength and the intragranular strength and sufficiently satisfies both hardness and fatigue strength as a drive system component for high load applications.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
C :0.10~0.30質量%,
Si:0.50~3.00質量%,
Mn:0.30~3.00質量%,
P :0.030質量%以下,
S :0.030質量%以下,
Cu:0.01~1.00質量%,
Ni:0.01~3.00質量%,
Cr:0.20~1.00質量%,
Mo:0.10質量%以下,
N :0.05質量%以下,
Feおよび不可避不純物:残部,であるとともに,
Si質量%+Ni質量%+Cu質量%-Cr質量% >0.5
を満たし,
歯部および歯元部における軸方向の一方の端部のエッジ部を含む少なくとも一部の表層に部分焼き戻し領域が形成されており,部分焼き戻し領域が,焼き入れ処理により当該一部の表層に生成されたマルテンサイト組織の硬度よりも低い硬度を有し,歯部および歯元部における部分焼き戻し領域以外の部分の表層が,焼き入れ処理により生成されたマルテンサイト組織で構成されているものである。
B :0.005質量%以下,
Ti:0.10質量%,
が含まれることが好ましい。Bの添加により,焼き入れ性が向上するとともに,浸炭層の粒界強度が強化されるからである。また,Tiを含有することで,Bによる焼き入れ性向上効果が消失するのを防止できる。
C :0.10~0.30%,
Si:0.50~3.00%,
Mn:0.30~3.00%,
P :0.030%以下,
S :0.030%以下,
Cu:0.01~1.00%,
Ni:0.01~3.00%,
Cr:0.20~1.00%,
Mo:0.10%以下,
N :0.05%以下,
Feおよび不可避不純物:残部。
Si% +Ni% +Cu%- Cr% >0.5
なる関係が満たされる。以下,各元素ごとに説明する。
Cは鋼の強度を確保するために必要な元素である。そこで,本形態の鋼ではCの添加量の下限を0.1%として内部の強度を確保している。しかし,Cの添加量が0.30%を超えると,次の2点の不利がある。1つは,硬さが増加する一方で靱性が低下することである。もう1つは,素材鋼の切削性が悪化することである。このため,Cの添加量の上限を0.30%とした。なお,このC濃度は後述する浸炭工程前におけるものである。浸炭工程後には,その影響を受ける表層部のC濃度はこれより高い値となる。
Siは製鋼過程での脱酸に関わる元素であるとともに,鋼に必要な強度,焼き入れ性を与え,焼戻し軟化抵抗を向上させるのに有効な元素である。本形態の鋼では,焼き戻し軟化抵抗を得るために,Siを0.50%以上含有させることとした。Si含有率が3.00%を超えていると,鋼の強度が増加するため,鍛造性,特に冷間鍛造性,もしくは切削加工性が悪化する。そこでSi含有量を0.50%~3.00%の範囲内にする必要がある。
Mnは焼き入れ性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。ただし,含有量が0.30%未満ではその効果は不十分である。Mn含有率が3.00%を超えていると,むしろ硬さの上昇を招き素材の鍛造性,特に冷間鍛造性,もしくは切削加工性が悪化する。そこでMn含有量を0.30%~3.00%の範囲内にする必要がある。
Pは鋼中で,粒界に偏析して靱性を低下させる作用を有する。このため極力低減する必要がある。0にすることは困難であるが,0.030%以下に制限する必要がある。
Sは鋼中のMnと反応してMnSを生成し靭性を低下させる作用を有する。このため,Sの含有量を0.030%以下にする必要がある。
Ni:0.01~3.00%,
CuおよびNiは,前述のSiとともに,鉄炭化物の生成を抑制する成分である。このため本形態の鋼では,それぞれ,0.01%以上含有させることとした。ただしCuやNiの過度の含有は熱間加工性を低下させるので,Cuを1.00%以下,Niを3.00%以下とする必要がある。
Crは,Si,Cu,およびNiとは逆に,鉄炭化物の生成を促進する成分であり,鋼中に多量に存在させることが出来ない。このため,Crを1.00%以下に抑えなければならない。鉄炭化物の生成を抑制する成分が多めに存在する場合でも同様である。その一方でCrは,鋼の焼き入れ性や焼戻し軟化抵抗を向上させる元素であるため,0.20%以上の含有量は必要である。
Moは本形態の鋼として必須元素ではないが,含有する場合には0.10%を上限とする。上記の上限の範囲内であれば,Moの含有による焼き入れ性および焼戻し軟化抵抗の向上が期待できる。ただし同様の効果はSiやMn(特にSi)の適量添加によって得られるので,Moの含有は必須ではない。
Nは,鋼中に過度に存在していると,鍛造性を著しく悪くする。ここで,Nの鍛造性への影響を低減するためTi等によりNを固定化することができ,この場合Nは鋼中のTiと反応して窒化物を生成する。ただし,大型のTiNが生成した場合には強度低下を引き起こす。このため、Nの含有量を0.05%以下にする必要がある。
B :0.005%以下(0%を含まない),
Ti:0.10%以下(0%を含まない)。
Bは,添加することによって焼き入れ性を与え,粒界強度を強化するのに有効な元素である。Bが粒界強度を強化するのは,鋼中でBはPよりも優先して粒界に偏析することによる。Pの粒界偏析が鋼の粒界強度を目立って下げることは周知の事実であるが,Bがこれを防止するのである。B自身の粒界偏析は,鋼の粒界強度に対してむしろよい方向に作用する。ただし過度の含有は,焼き入れ性の効果が飽和するだけでなく,加工性を害する。このため,0.005%以下にする必要がある。
Tiは鋼中のNと反応して窒化物(TiN)を生成する元素である。このため,BがNと反応してBNとなることを防止することで,Bの焼き入れ性向上の効果が消失するのを防止する効果がある。また,Nと反応して鉄の結晶格子中のNの固溶量を低減することで,鋼の変形抵抗を下げる効果もある。ただし,大型のTiNが生成した場合には鋼の強度低下を引き起こす。このため,Tiの含有量を0.10%以下にする必要がある。
C :0.18%,
Si:0.75%,
Mn:0.40%,
P :0.015%,
S :0.015%,
Cu:0.15%,
Ni:0.10%,
Cr:0.35%,
Mo:0.07%,
B :0.002%,
Ti:0.040%,
Feおよび不可避不純物:残部。
浸炭雰囲気中にて差動ギヤ1を加熱することにより,差動ギヤ1の表層部に浸炭層を形成する処理を行い,表層部の硬度を上げる工程である。
浸炭工程後の差動ギヤ1を冷却する工程である。この冷却は,少なくとも,浸炭後の温度降下による組織変態が完了するまで行う必要がある。
冷却工程後の差動ギヤ1を,高密度エネルギーによってオーステナイト領域まで加熱し,加熱した後に急冷して硬化する工程である。
「1.」の浸炭工程で炭素が多く侵入した部位に局所的に焼き戻しを施す工程である。
11 歯部
12 円板部
13 歯元部
14 上端面(小径側の端部)
15 下端面(大径側の端部)
16 エッジ部
Claims (8)
- 素材鋼により成形され,円板部と,前記円板部に円周状に離散的に形成された複数の歯部とを有し,前記歯部と歯部の間に歯元部が形成されている形状であり,成形後に真空浸炭処理とその後の高密度エネルギー加熱による焼き入れ処理とを経ているギヤにおいて,
前記素材鋼の化学成分が,
C :0.10~0.30質量%,
Si:0.50~3.00質量%,
Mn:0.30~3.00質量%,
P :0.030質量%以下,
S :0.030質量%以下,
Cu:0.01~1.00質量%,
Ni:0.01~3.00質量%,
Cr:0.20~1.00質量%,
Mo:0.10質量%以下,
N :0.05質量%以下,
Feおよび不可避不純物:残部,であるとともに,
Si質量%+Ni質量%+Cu質量%-Cr質量% >0.5
を満たし,
前記歯部および前記歯元部における軸方向の一方の端部のエッジ部を含む少なくとも一部の表層に部分焼き戻し領域が形成されており,
前記部分焼き戻し領域が,前記焼き入れ処理により当該一部の表層に生成されたマルテンサイト組織の硬度よりも低い硬度を有し,
前記歯部および前記歯元部における前記部分焼き戻し領域以外の部分の表層が,前記焼き入れ処理により生成されたマルテンサイト組織で構成されていることを特徴とするギヤ。 - 請求項1に記載のギヤにおいて,
素材鋼の化学成分としてさらに,
B :0.005質量%以下,
Ti:0.10質量%以下,
を含むことを特徴とするギヤ。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載のギヤにおいて,
歯面における他のギヤとの噛み合い領域は,
前記部分焼き戻し領域に含まれず,
前記焼き入れ処理により生成されたマルテンサイト組織で構成されていることを特徴とするギヤ。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載のギヤにおいて,
軸方向の一方の端部が他方の端部より大径である傘状形状のギヤであり,
前記歯部および前記歯元部における大径側の端部のエッジ部を含む少なくとも一部の表層に,前記部分焼き戻し領域が形成されていることを特徴とするギヤ。 - 複数個の請求項4に記載のギヤを噛み合わせてなる,差動装置におけるサイドギヤおよびピニオンギヤにおいて,
各ギヤの歯面における噛み合い相手ギヤとの噛み合い領域は,
前記部分焼き戻し領域に含まれず,
前記焼き入れ処理により生成されたマルテンサイト組織で構成されていることを特徴とするサイドギヤおよびピニオンギヤ。 - 素材鋼により成形され,円板部と,前記円板部に円周状に離散的に形成された複数の歯部とを有し,前記歯部と歯部の間に歯元部が形成されている形状のギヤの製造方法において,
前記素材鋼として,化学成分が
C :0.10~0.30質量%,
Si:0.50~3.00質量%,
Mn:0.30~3.00質量%,
P :0.030質量%以下,
S :0.030質量%以下,
Cu:0.01~1.00質量%,
Ni:0.01~3.00質量%,
Cr:0.20~1.00質量%,
Mo:0.10質量%以下,
N :0.05質量%以下,
Feおよび不可避不純物:残部,であるとともに,
Si質量%+Ni質量%+Cu質量%-Cr質量% >0.5
を満たすものを用い,
前記素材鋼より成形されたギヤを,大気圧より低い圧力の浸炭雰囲気中で,前記素材鋼のオーステナイト化温度以上の温度に加熱して表面に浸炭層を形成する真空浸炭工程と,
前記真空浸炭工程後の前記ギヤを,前記素材鋼がマルテンサイト変態する冷却速度より遅い冷却速度で,冷却による組織変態が完了する温度以下の温度まで冷却する冷却工程と,
前記冷却工程後の前記ギヤを高密度エネルギー加熱により加熱することで,前記素材鋼のオーステナイト化温度以上の温度まで昇温させ,その状態から,前記素材鋼がマルテンサイト変態する冷却速度以上の冷却速度で冷却することにより,少なくとも前記浸炭層の部分にマルテンサイト組織を形成する焼き入れ工程と,
前記焼き入れ工程後の前記ギヤの前記歯部および前記歯元部における軸方向の端部のエッジ部を含む少なくとも一部を,高密度エネルギー加熱により加熱することで,180℃以上であり前記素材鋼のオーステナイト化温度に至らない温度まで昇温させ,その状態から冷却することにより,前記エッジ部を含む少なくとも一部における前記浸炭層の部分で,マルテンサイト組織に固溶される炭素の濃度を低下させる部分焼き戻し工程とを行うことを特徴とするギヤの製造方法。 - 請求項6に記載のギヤの製造方法において,
素材鋼として,さらに,
B :0.005質量%以下,
Ti:0.10質量%以下,
を含む化学成分のものを用いることを特徴とするギヤの製造方法。 - 請求項6または請求項7に記載のギヤの製造方法において,
製造されるギヤが,軸方向の一方の端部が他方の端部より大径であるともに,大径側の端部に前記エッジ部が存在する傘状形状のギヤであり,
前記部分焼き戻し工程では,前記傘状形状のギヤの大径側の端部が前記励磁コイルの内部空間に入り込むとともに,小径側の端部が前記励磁コイルから出ている状態で加熱を行うことを特徴とするギヤの製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015522627A JP6174140B2 (ja) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-04-21 | ギヤおよびその製造方法 |
US14/894,239 US20160108490A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-04-21 | Gear and method for manufacturing the same |
DE112014002237.3T DE112014002237T5 (de) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-04-21 | Zahnrad und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
CN201480030230.0A CN105358874B (zh) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-04-21 | 齿轮及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013129260 | 2013-06-20 | ||
JP2013-129260 | 2013-06-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014203610A1 true WO2014203610A1 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
Family
ID=52104353
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2014/061146 WO2014203610A1 (ja) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-04-21 | ギヤおよびその製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160108490A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6174140B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105358874B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112014002237T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014203610A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2020050935A (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | 歯車部品の製造方法 |
US11149832B2 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2021-10-19 | Aichi Steel Corporation | Differential hypoid gear, pinion gear, and paired hypoid gears formed by combination thereof |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106086377B (zh) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-10-13 | 大连日牵电机有限公司 | 一种用于变速箱内齿圈中频淬火工艺 |
USD845371S1 (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2019-04-09 | Daniel Turner | Snorkel gear |
CN106834960B (zh) * | 2017-01-24 | 2018-06-01 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种汽车用含硼高级齿轮钢及其生产工艺 |
JP7152832B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-18 | 2022-10-13 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 機械部品 |
JP7330427B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-08-22 | 公益財団法人応用科学研究所 | 歯車とその製造方法 |
WO2022194501A1 (de) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-22 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum prüfen eines zahnrads mittels eines probeteils und probeteil sowie system |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07316640A (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-12-05 | Mazda Motor Corp | 浸炭焼入れ方法および浸炭焼入れした動力伝達部材 |
JPH0849014A (ja) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-20 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 高靭性部を有した高硬度鋼部材の製造方法 |
JP2005048292A (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 2005-02-24 | Mazda Motor Corp | 浸炭焼入れ方法 |
JP2007291486A (ja) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-11-08 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 浸炭部品 |
JP2008280610A (ja) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-11-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 高強度浸炭高周波焼入れ部品 |
JP2010001527A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 歯車部品 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69522599T2 (de) * | 1994-03-29 | 2002-07-11 | Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima | Aufkohlungshärtungsverfahren und dadurch hergestellte Kraftübertragungselemente |
JP4169635B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-20 | 2008-10-22 | トピー工業株式会社 | 熱処理部材の部分熱処理方法 |
JP2005163173A (ja) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-06-23 | Komatsu Ltd | 歯車部材およびその製造方法 |
CN101006189B (zh) * | 2004-08-18 | 2011-05-18 | 毕晓普创新有限公司 | 制造硬化的锻钢部件的方法 |
CN100516593C (zh) * | 2006-10-17 | 2009-07-22 | 武汉理工大学 | 锰铜合金奥贝球铁汽车后桥螺旋锥齿轮及其制备方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-04-21 US US14/894,239 patent/US20160108490A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-04-21 CN CN201480030230.0A patent/CN105358874B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-04-21 DE DE112014002237.3T patent/DE112014002237T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-04-21 WO PCT/JP2014/061146 patent/WO2014203610A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-04-21 JP JP2015522627A patent/JP6174140B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07316640A (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-12-05 | Mazda Motor Corp | 浸炭焼入れ方法および浸炭焼入れした動力伝達部材 |
JP2005048292A (ja) * | 1994-03-29 | 2005-02-24 | Mazda Motor Corp | 浸炭焼入れ方法 |
JPH0849014A (ja) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-20 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 高靭性部を有した高硬度鋼部材の製造方法 |
JP2007291486A (ja) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-11-08 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 浸炭部品 |
JP2008280610A (ja) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-11-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 高強度浸炭高周波焼入れ部品 |
JP2010001527A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 歯車部品 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2020050935A (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | 歯車部品の製造方法 |
JP7077198B2 (ja) | 2018-09-28 | 2022-05-30 | 株式会社アイシン | 歯車部品の製造方法 |
US11149832B2 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2021-10-19 | Aichi Steel Corporation | Differential hypoid gear, pinion gear, and paired hypoid gears formed by combination thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2014203610A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
CN105358874A (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
CN105358874B (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
DE112014002237T5 (de) | 2016-01-21 |
JP6174140B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
US20160108490A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6174140B2 (ja) | ギヤおよびその製造方法 | |
KR101559616B1 (ko) | 기어 및 그 제조 방법 | |
US8733199B2 (en) | Gears and its process of manufacture | |
JPWO2006118242A1 (ja) | 鋼部材およびその熱処理方法 | |
US20150020924A1 (en) | Composite steel part and manufacturing method for the same | |
US8956467B2 (en) | Composite steel part and manufacturing method for the same | |
JP2018028130A (ja) | 浸炭部品 | |
JP5599211B2 (ja) | 軸受部品の製造方法及び軸受部品 | |
JP3184411B2 (ja) | 低歪み型浸炭焼入れ歯車用鋼 | |
JP2016191151A (ja) | 浸炭部品 | |
JP5358875B2 (ja) | 鋼部材の冷却方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201480030230.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14813340 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015522627 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14894239 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 112014002237 Country of ref document: DE Ref document number: 1120140022373 Country of ref document: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 14813340 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |