WO2014199643A1 - Engine system, and ship - Google Patents
Engine system, and ship Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014199643A1 WO2014199643A1 PCT/JP2014/003146 JP2014003146W WO2014199643A1 WO 2014199643 A1 WO2014199643 A1 WO 2014199643A1 JP 2014003146 W JP2014003146 W JP 2014003146W WO 2014199643 A1 WO2014199643 A1 WO 2014199643A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power turbine
- exhaust gas
- engine body
- valve
- supercharger
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an engine system that efficiently recovers waste heat energy.
- an on-off valve is provided in the flow path of the exhaust gas supplied to the power turbine side, and the on-off valve is closed according to the operating conditions, and the exhaust gas is sent to the power turbine side. May be controlled so as not to flow.
- the power turbine In an engine system in which control is performed so that exhaust gas is preferentially supplied to the turbocharger, the power turbine is most affected by fluctuations in the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body. Turbine settings are a problem. For example, it is reasonable to set the power turbine so that the engine body is highly efficient during normal operation. In this case, if more exhaust gas is supplied than during normal operation, the power turbine Part of the exhaust gas is discarded so that the turbine speed does not exceed the allowable value. Such an operation cannot be said to sufficiently recover waste heat energy. Of course, the engine system is required to be simplified.
- the power turbine is connected to the engine body.
- the power turbine is driven by the engine body.
- the power turbine works like a blower and tries to convey gas, but the gas does not flow because the on-off valve is closed. For this reason, a large force is required to drive the power turbine, resulting in a heavy load on the engine body.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an engine system that can efficiently recover waste heat energy and can simplify the system. .
- the present invention also aims to suppress an excessive load on the engine body when the power turbine is not driven by exhaust gas.
- An engine system includes an engine body, a supercharger driven by exhaust gas discharged from the engine body, and a power turbine driven by exhaust gas discharged from the engine body.
- the turbine has a variable nozzle provided on the inlet side, and when the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body decreases, the exhaust gas discharged from the engine body is reduced by reducing the opening area of the variable nozzle.
- the ratio of the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger with respect to the amount of gas is increased and exhausted from the engine body. When the amount of exhaust gas to be increased increases, the ratio of the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger to the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body is reduced by increasing the opening area of the variable nozzle.
- the exhaust gas flow rate control is performed.
- variable nozzle is used to improve the efficiency of the turbine (power turbine in the above configuration) according to the amount of exhaust gas by changing the opening area.
- the quantity of the exhaust gas supplied to a supercharger is also adjusted simultaneously with the change of the opening area of this variable nozzle. That is, according to the above configuration, the variable nozzle can perform both control for efficiently recovering waste heat energy according to the amount of exhaust gas and control for supplying an appropriate amount of exhaust gas to the supercharger. it can. Therefore, according to the engine system described above, waste heat energy can be efficiently recovered, and the system can be simplified.
- the power turbine inlet pipe branches from the supercharger inlet pipe, and is configured to guide part of the exhaust gas in the supercharger inlet pipe to the power turbine. Also good.
- the engine body has a scavenging pipe that accommodates fresh air boosted by the supercharger, and the exhaust gas flow rate control is such that the pressure in the scavenging pipe is less than a predetermined lower limit value.
- the opening of the variable nozzle may be reduced, and when the pressure in the scavenging pipe is larger than a predetermined upper limit value, the opening of the variable nozzle may be increased.
- the predetermined lower limit value and the predetermined upper limit value may be set to increase as the load on the engine body increases. According to such a configuration, the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the pressure in the scavenging pipe can be appropriately set according to the engine load.
- an engine system is driven by an engine body, a supercharger driven by exhaust gas discharged from the engine body, and exhaust gas discharged from the engine body, A power turbine connected to a crankshaft of the engine body, a supercharger inlet pipe for guiding exhaust gas discharged from the engine body to the supercharger, and exhaust gas discharged from the engine body to the power turbine Connected to a portion of the power turbine inlet pipe downstream of the opening / closing valve, and a power turbine inlet pipe leading to the opening / closing valve provided in the power turbine inlet pipe and opening / closing in accordance with operating conditions of the engine body A bleed pipe for extracting gas from the power turbine inlet pipe, and a bleed valve provided in the bleed pipe;
- the power turbine inlet pipe branches from the supercharger inlet pipe, and is configured to guide a part of the exhaust gas in the supercharger inlet pipe to the power turbine. It may be.
- the rising switching load that is the switching load when the load on the engine body is rising is the down switching load that is the switching load when the load on the engine body is falling. It may be set larger than. According to such a configuration, the engine system can be operated in consideration of different characteristics when the load of the engine body rises and when it falls. Therefore, a more appropriate engine system can be operated.
- the on-off valve may be opened after the extraction valve is closed.
- the opening / closing valve instead of opening the opening / closing valve at the same time as closing the extraction valve, the opening / closing valve is opened after closing the extraction valve, so that a low-resistance flow path is not formed even temporarily.
- the exhaust gas can be stably supplied to the supercharger.
- the bleed valve may be opened after the on-off valve is closed. Also in this case, a flow path having a small resistance is not formed even temporarily, and the exhaust gas can be stably supplied to the supercharger.
- the engine system may further include a power turbine outlet pipe that discharges exhaust gas that has passed through the power turbine, and the extraction pipe is connected to the power turbine outlet pipe and is extracted from the power turbine inlet pipe.
- the exhausted gas may be discharged to the power turbine outlet pipe.
- an air intake that is connected between the power turbine outlet pipe and a portion to which the extraction pipe is connected and the power turbine, and can take outside air into the power turbine outlet pipe.
- the engine system further includes a supercharger outlet pipe that discharges exhaust gas that has passed through the supercharger, wherein the extraction pipe is connected to the supercharger outlet pipe, and the power turbine inlet
- the gas extracted from the pipe may be discharged to the supercharger outlet pipe.
- a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention includes any one of the above engine systems.
- waste heat energy can be efficiently recovered, and the system can be simplified.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of an engine system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system of the engine system.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the engine system.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a range of proper scavenging pressure.
- FIG. 5 is an overall view of an engine system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an overall view of an engine system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of an engine system 100 according to the present embodiment.
- an engine system 100 according to this embodiment is a so-called main engine for navigating a ship 101, and includes an engine body 10, a supercharger 20, a power turbine 30, and various pipes 41 to 41. 45 and various valves 51 and 52.
- an engine system 100 according to this embodiment is a so-called main engine for navigating a ship 101, and includes an engine body 10, a supercharger 20, a power turbine 30, and various pipes 41 to 41. 45 and various valves 51 and 52.
- these will be described in order.
- the engine body 10 is a central device of the engine system 100.
- the engine body 10 of the present embodiment is a so-called low speed diesel engine.
- the engine body 10 is for rotating a propeller shaft 103 having a propeller 102 attached to the tip thereof.
- the engine body 10 rotates in a forward direction that generates a propulsive force in a direction in which the ship 101 moves forward, and a propulsive force in a direction in which the ship 101 moves backward.
- the reverse rotation can be performed.
- the propeller shaft 103 is connected to the crankshaft 11, and the crankshaft 11 is connected to a plurality of pistons 12.
- Each piston 12 reciprocates as the fuel explodes in the cylinder 13, and the crankshaft 11 rotates by the reciprocating motion of each piston 12.
- the engine body 10 is provided with an engine tachometer 14 that measures the rotation speed of the crankshaft 11, that is, the rotation speed of the engine body 10.
- the engine body 10 includes a common scavenging pipe 15 on the upstream side of each cylinder 13 and a common exhaust pipe 16 on the downstream side of each cylinder 13.
- the scavenging pipe 15 temporarily stores the air compressed by the supercharger 20 and supplies the air to each cylinder 13.
- the scavenging tube 15 is provided with a scavenging pressure gauge 17 that measures the pressure in the scavenging tube 15 (hereinafter referred to as “scavenging pressure”).
- the exhaust pipe 16 once collects the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder 13 and supplies it to the supercharger 20 and the power turbine 30.
- the supercharger 20 is a device that compresses air taken in from the outside and supplies the compressed air to the engine body 10.
- the supercharger 20 has a turbine part 21 and a compressor part 22. Exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 10 (exhaust pipe 16) is supplied to the turbine unit 21.
- the turbine unit 21 rotates using the energy of the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust pipe 16.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the turbine section 21 is guided to the flue through the supercharger outlet pipe 46.
- the compressor unit 22 is connected to the turbine unit 21 via a connecting shaft 23. Therefore, as the turbine unit 21 rotates, the compressor unit 22 also rotates.
- the compressor unit 22 compresses the air taken from outside and supplies the compressed air to the scavenging pipe 15.
- the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 10 is smaller than the amount required by the supercharger 20, but the exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 10 increases as the engine load increases. The amount gradually increases beyond the amount required by the supercharger 20.
- the power turbine 30 is a device that assists the engine body 10 using the energy of the exhaust gas.
- the power turbine 30 includes a turbine part 31 and a variable nozzle 32.
- the turbine unit 31 is rotated by the energy of the supplied exhaust gas.
- the turbine part 31 is connected to the crankshaft 11 of the engine body 10 via a speed reducer 33, and the rotational power of the turbine part 21 is transmitted to the crankshaft 11 via the speed reducer 33. Note that the rotation direction of the power turbine 30 when rotating by the exhaust gas is constant, and the engine body 10 can be assisted only when the engine body 10 rotates forward.
- the variable nozzle 32 is provided on the inlet side of the power turbine 30 and is mainly configured by a plurality of movable vanes arranged in an annular shape.
- the opening area (opening degree) of the variable nozzle 32 can be adjusted by changing the angle of the movable vane.
- the variable nozzle 32 can efficiently operate the power turbine 30 by adjusting the opening degree to change the inflow speed to the turbine unit 21. That is, when the flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied to the power turbine 30 is large, the opening degree of the variable nozzle 32 is increased, and when the flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied to the power turbine 30 is small, the opening degree of the variable nozzle 32. Make it smaller.
- the variable nozzle 32 also functions as an “aperture” because the opening area changes.
- the function of the variable nozzle 32 as an aperture is very important. That is, in this embodiment, by adjusting the opening degree of the variable nozzle 32, the power turbine 30 (the turbine unit 31) is not only efficiently rotated, but also the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger 20 (The ratio of the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger 20 with respect to the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 10 is controlled (exhaust gas flow rate control).
- the engine system 100 includes a supercharger inlet pipe 41, a power turbine inlet pipe 42, a power turbine outlet pipe 43, an extraction pipe 44, and an engine inlet pipe 45.
- the supercharger inlet pipe 41 is a pipe that connects the exhaust pipe 16 and the turbine portion 21 of the supercharger 20 and guides the exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 10 to the supercharger 20.
- the power turbine inlet pipe 42 is a pipe that branches from the supercharger inlet pipe 41 and extends to the power turbine 30 and guides a part of the exhaust gas in the supercharger inlet pipe 41 to the power turbine 30. .
- the power turbine outlet pipe 43 is arranged on the downstream side of the power turbine 30 and is a pipe for guiding the exhaust gas that has passed through the power turbine 30 to the flue.
- the bleed pipe 44 is a pipe that connects a portion of the power turbine inlet pipe 42 downstream of an on-off valve 51 described later and the power turbine outlet pipe 43.
- the engine inlet pipe 45 is a pipe that connects the compressor section 22 of the supercharger 20 and the scavenging pipe 15 and guides the air compressed by the supercharger 20 to the scavenging pipe 15.
- the on-off valve 51 is a valve provided in the power turbine inlet pipe 42.
- the on-off valve 51 is closed when the engine body 10 rotates in reverse (when the ship 101 moves backward) and when the engine load is small.
- the power turbine 30 and the engine main body 10 rotate in directions that cause resistance to each other, and therefore the on-off valve 51 is closed and the flow of exhaust gas to the power turbine 30 The power turbine 30 is not driven.
- the engine load is small, the amount of exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body 10 is small. Therefore, unless all the exhaust gas is supplied to the supercharger 20, the temperature of the combustion chamber member of the engine body 10 rises. .
- the on-off valve 51 of the present embodiment is sufficient as long as it can maintain two states of “open” and “closed”, but may be a valve capable of adjusting the opening degree.
- the extraction valve 52 is a valve provided in the extraction pipe 44.
- the on-off valve 51 When the on-off valve 51 is closed, the power turbine 30 is not driven by the exhaust gas. However, since the power turbine 30 and the crankshaft 11 are connected, the power turbine 30 is operated while the engine body 10 is rotating. The turbine 30 is driven by the crankshaft 11 (engine body 10). At this time, the power turbine 30 functions like a blower.
- the extraction valve 52 is opened to form a circulation channel through which the gas that has passed through the power turbine 30 circulates (circulation channel formation control).
- the power turbine 30 tries to send the gas in the power turbine outlet pipe 43 to the power turbine inlet pipe 42 regardless of whether the engine body 10 rotates forward or reversely.
- the on-off valve 51 is closed, the pressure in the power turbine inlet pipe 42 gradually increases and the differential pressure across the power turbine 30 increases, so that driving the power turbine 30 is significant for the engine body 10. It becomes a load. Therefore, in this embodiment, a circulation flow path is formed when the on-off valve 51 is closed to avoid the above problem.
- the bleed valve 52 may be a valve that can maintain two states of “open” and “closed”, but may be a valve that can adjust the opening degree.
- the setting of the engine system 100 will be described.
- the on-off valve 51 when the on-off valve 51 is open, the supply amount of the exhaust gas to the supercharger 20 is adjusted by the opening degree of the variable nozzle 32.
- the opening of the variable nozzle 32 for supplying an appropriate amount of exhaust gas to the supercharger 20 is referred to as an “appropriate amount supply opening”.
- a predetermined amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the power turbine 30, and when the amount of the exhaust gas flows to the power turbine 30, the opening degree of the variable nozzle 32 that can rotate the power turbine 30 most efficiently is “ It will be called the “maximum efficiency opening”.
- the engine system 100 ensures that the “appropriate amount supply opening” and the “maximum efficiency opening” are substantially the same at any engine load (for example, the error is within 5%). Is set). That is, in any engine load, if the opening amount of the variable nozzle 32 is adjusted and an appropriate amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the supercharger 20, the engine system inevitably rotates the power turbine 30 efficiently. 100 is set. In this setting, the combination of the turbine blades of the turbine section 31 of the power turbine 30 and the variable nozzle 32 is changed, or the main items such as the turbine nozzles, turbine blades, compressor wheels, and compressor diffusers of the supercharger 20 are changed. Can be done.
- the engine system 100 includes a control device 60 that controls the entire engine system 100.
- the control device 60 is constituted by a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system of engine system 100.
- the control device 60 includes a driving operation panel 104 that operates the ship 101, an engine tachometer 14 that measures the rotational speed of the engine body 10, and a fuel input that measures the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder 13. It is electrically connected to a quantity indicator 18 and a scavenging meter 17 for measuring scavenging pressure.
- the control device 60 acquires various information such as the rotation direction of the engine body 10, the engine speed, the fuel input amount, and the scavenging pressure based on input signals from these devices.
- control device 60 controls various parts of the engine system 100 by performing various calculations and the like based on input signals from the respective devices.
- the control device 60 is electrically connected to the on-off valve 51, the bleed valve 52, and the variable nozzle 32, and based on the results of calculations performed based on the respective input signals, the on-off valve 51.
- the control signal is transmitted to the bleed valve 52 and the variable nozzle 32.
- control device 60 has a valve control unit 61 and a variable nozzle control unit 62 as functional configurations.
- the valve control part 61 is a part which controls opening and closing of the on-off valve 51 and the extraction valve 52, and performs circulation flow path formation control mentioned later.
- the variable nozzle control unit 62 is a part that determines the opening degree of the variable nozzle 32 and performs exhaust gas flow rate control described later.
- the circulation flow path formation control and the exhaust gas flow rate control performed by the control device 60 will be described in order.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the engine system 100. While engine system 100 is in operation, control device 60 repeats the cycle of steps S1 to S16 in FIG. Steps S1 to S10 in FIG. 3 are related to the circulation flow path formation control.
- the circulation flow path formation control is control for forming a circulation flow path for the gas that has passed through the power turbine 30 by opening the extraction valve 52 when the on-off valve 51 is closed, as already described in outline.
- control device 60 acquires various information (step S1). Specifically, the control device 60 acquires the rotation direction of the engine body, the engine speed, the fuel input amount, and the scavenging pressure based on the input signals from each device.
- step S2 determines whether or not the engine body 10 is rotating forward (step S2). If the engine body 10 is rotating forward (YES in step S2), the process proceeds to step S3. If the engine body 10 is rotating backward (NO in step S2), the process proceeds to step S4. Among these, in step S4, the opening / closing valve 51 is closed and the bleed valve 52 is opened simultaneously, and then the process returns to step S1.
- step S4 the opening / closing valve 51 is closed when the engine body 10 is rotating in reverse is to prevent the power turbine 30 and the crankshaft 11 from canceling out the power. Further, the reason why the extraction valve 52 is opened when the on-off valve 51 is closed is to reduce the engine load by forming a circulation passage through which the gas that has passed through the power turbine 30 circulates as described above.
- step S3 it is determined whether the on-off valve 51 is closed and the bleed valve 52 is open at present. That is, in step S3, it is determined (confirmed) how the opening / closing of the opening / closing valve 51 and the extraction valve 52 is determined in the previous cycle. Note that at least at the time of determination in step S3, the bleed valve 52 is always closed when the on-off valve 51 is open, and the bleed valve 52 is always open when the on-off valve 51 is closed. If the controller 60 determines that the on-off valve 51 is closed and the bleed valve 52 is open (YES in step S3), the control device 60 proceeds to step S5. If it is determined that the on-off valve 51 is open and the bleed valve 52 is closed (NO in step S3), the process proceeds to step S6.
- step S5 an engine load is calculated based on the number of revolutions of the engine body 10 and the amount of fuel input, and it is determined whether or not the engine load is equal to or higher than the upward switching load. Since it is determined in step S3 that the on-off valve 51 is closed, the process proceeds to step S5. Therefore, it can be said that the on-off valve 51 is controlled to be closed in at least one previous cycle. The on-off valve 51 was closed because the engine load was small and exhaust gas could not be supplied to the power turbine 30. Therefore, in step S5, it is determined whether the engine load remains so small that exhaust gas cannot be supplied to the power turbine 30, or whether the engine load has increased to such an extent that exhaust gas can be supplied to the power turbine 30. That is, the “rising switching load” in step S5 is an engine load when the engine load increases and the exhaust gas can be supplied to the power turbine 30, and in this embodiment, for example, a 50% load (of the engine body 10). 50% load when the maximum load is 100%).
- step S5 when the engine load is equal to or higher than the increase switching load (YES in step S5), it is a time when exhaust gas can be supplied to the power turbine 30, so the on-off valve 51 is opened and the extraction valve 52 is opened. Close (step S7).
- the on-off valve 51 is not closed and the bleed valve 52 is not opened at the same time, but after the bleed valve 52 is closed, the on-off valve 51 is opened after a certain time. If the bleed valve 52 is closed at the same time as the on / off valve 51 is opened, a state in which both the on / off valve 51 and the bleed valve 52 are opened temporarily occurs, and the gas in the power turbine inlet pipe 42 passes through the power turbine 30.
- step S7 the process proceeds to step S11.
- step S5 when the engine load is smaller than the increase switching load (NO in step S5), the exhaust gas cannot be continuously supplied to the power turbine 30, so the on-off valve 51 is closed and the extraction valve 52 is opened. Is maintained (step S8). After step S8, the process returns to step S1.
- step S6 the engine load is calculated based on the engine speed and the fuel input amount acquired in step S1, and it is determined whether or not the engine load is equal to or higher than the descent switching load. Since it is determined in step S3 that the on-off valve 51 is open, the process proceeds to step S6. Therefore, it can be said that the on-off valve 51 is controlled to be opened in at least one previous cycle. The reason for opening the on-off valve 51 is that the engine load is large and the exhaust gas can be supplied to the power turbine 30. Based on this, in step S6, it is determined whether the engine load is maintained so high that exhaust gas can be supplied to the power turbine 30, or whether the engine load has been reduced to a level at which exhaust gas cannot be supplied to the power turbine 30. ing.
- the “decreasing switching load” in step S6 is an engine load when the engine load decreases and exhaust gas cannot be supplied to the power turbine 30, and in this embodiment, for example, 45% load (maximum load of the engine body)
- the load is set to 45% with respect to 100%.
- the reason why the values of the downward switching load and the upward switching load are different is due to so-called hysteresis.
- step S6 when the engine load is equal to or higher than the lowering switching load (YES in step S6), the exhaust gas can be continuously supplied to the engine body 10, so that the on-off valve 51 is opened and the extraction valve is opened. The state where 52 is closed is maintained (step S9). After step S9, the process proceeds to step S11.
- step S6 when the engine load is smaller than the descent switching load (YES in step S6), it is a time when exhaust gas cannot be supplied to the power turbine 30, so the on-off valve 51 is closed and the extraction valve 52 is opened ( Step S10).
- the opening / closing valve 51 is not closed and the extraction valve 52 is not opened at the same time, but after the opening / closing valve 51 is closed, the extraction valve 52 is opened after a certain time.
- the reason why the bleed valve 52 is opened after the on-off valve 51 is closed is the same as the reason described in step S7, in order to prevent the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the supercharger 20 from being reduced at once. is there.
- step S10 the process returns to step S1.
- Steps S11 to S16 in FIG. 3 are parts related to the exhaust gas flow rate control.
- the exhaust gas flow rate control is performed after step S7 or step S9. That is, the exhaust gas flow rate control is performed only when the on-off valve 51 is open. Note that whether or not appropriate exhaust gas can be supplied to the supercharger 20 can be determined by scavenging pressure.
- the scavenging pressure when the scavenging pressure is higher than a predetermined value, the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger 20 is excessive, and when the scavenging pressure is lower than the predetermined value, the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger 20 is small. It can be judged that it is insufficient.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an appropriate scavenging air pressure range.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 4 is the engine load, and the vertical axis is the scavenging pressure.
- the upper line indicates the upper limit scavenging pressure
- the lower line indicates the lower limit scavenging pressure.
- the portion sandwiched between these two straight lines is the appropriate scavenging pressure range. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the engine load is an L 1, the lower limit scavenging air pressure becomes P L, and the upper limit scavenging air pressure P H.
- the lower limit scavenging air pressure and the upper limit scavenging air pressure vary depending on the engine load, and are set larger as the engine load increases.
- an appropriate scavenging pressure range is calculated using the mathematical expression representing the straight line in FIG.
- the control device 60 determines whether or not the actual scavenging air pressure acquired in step S1 is within an appropriate range (step S12). That is, it is determined whether or not the actual scavenging pressure is larger than the lower limit scavenging pressure set in step S11 and smaller than the upper scavenging pressure. If the scavenging pressure is within the appropriate range (YES in step S12), the opening of the variable nozzle 32 is maintained (step S13), and the process returns to step S1. This is because an appropriate amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the supercharger 20 without changing the opening of the variable nozzle 32. As described above, when the opening amount of the variable nozzle 32 is adjusted and an appropriate amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the supercharger 20, the power turbine 30 is necessarily driven efficiently.
- step S12 determines whether or not the scavenging air pressure is within the appropriate range. That is, it is determined whether or not the actual scavenging pressure is greater than the upper limit scavenging pressure. If the scavenging pressure is greater than the appropriate range (YES in step S14), the opening of the variable nozzle 32 is increased (step S15), and the process returns to step S1. In this case, since the exhaust gas more than necessary flows through the supercharger 20, control is performed to increase the opening of the variable nozzle 32 to reduce the amount of exhaust gas flowing to the supercharger 20 side.
- the ratio of the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger 20 to the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 10 is reduced.
- an appropriate amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the supercharger 20, so that the power turbine 30 is inevitably driven efficiently.
- step S14 If it is determined in step S14 that the actual scavenging air pressure is not greater than the appropriate range (NO in step S14), the opening of the variable nozzle 32 is decreased (step S16), and the process returns to step S1.
- the actual scavenging air pressure is not larger than the appropriate range, the actual scavenging air pressure is smaller than the appropriate range (smaller than the lower limit scavenging air pressure).
- control is performed to increase the amount of exhaust gas flowing to the supercharger 20 side by reducing the opening of the variable nozzle 32. That is, the ratio of the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger 20 to the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 10 is increased.
- the control is performed in this manner, an appropriate amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the supercharger 20, so that the power turbine 30 is inevitably driven efficiently.
- the engine system 100 includes the bleed pipe 44 and the bleed valve 52, and the gas circulation flow that opens the bleed valve 52 and passes through the power turbine 30 when the on-off valve 51 is closed. It is comprised so that a path may be formed. Therefore, even when the power turbine 30 is driven by the crankshaft 11 when the on-off valve 51 is closed, the differential pressure across the power turbine 30 does not become too large, and an excessive load on the engine body 10 is suppressed. be able to.
- the engine system 100 can not only improve the efficiency of the power turbine 30 but also adjust the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger 20 by the variable nozzle 32 of the power turbine 30. it can. Therefore, the control and configuration of the entire engine system 100 can be simplified.
- the “small opening” is an opening smaller than the opening of the on-off valve 51 in the first condition, and includes the first small opening and the second small opening.
- the first small opening is the opening of the opening / closing valve 51 when the exhaust gas that has passed through the opening / closing valve 51 is at the boundary between the state where the exhaust gas is conveyed by the power turbine 30 and the state where the power turbine 30 is driven.
- the second small opening is smaller than the first small opening and is the opening of the on-off valve 51 when exhaust gas slightly flows into the circulation channel.
- the opening / closing valve 51 when the opening / closing valve 51 is closed and the extraction valve 52 is opened, the gas that has passed through the power turbine 30 passes through the power turbine 30 again through the circulation flow path. There is a risk that the temperature of the engine will rise due to the energy received from the power turbine 30.
- the on-off valve 51 when the on-off valve 51 is set to the first small opening or an opening close to this in the second condition, the energy received by the gas in the circulation flow path from the power turbine 30 decreases, and the gas in the ring flow path decreases. An excessive increase in temperature can be suppressed. Further, when the on-off valve 51 is set to the second small opening degree under the second condition, the exhaust gas slightly flows into the circulation flow path and the gas in the circulation flow path is replaced. Can be prevented from rising excessively.
- FIG. 5 is an overall view of an engine system 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the engine system 200 according to the present embodiment relates to the first embodiment in that it includes an air intake pipe 47, an air intake valve 53, and a power turbine outlet valve 54.
- the configuration is different from the engine system 100.
- Other points are basically the same as those of the engine system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the air intake pipe 47 is connected between a portion of the power turbine outlet pipe 43 to which the extraction pipe 44 is connected and the power turbine 30, and is configured to take outside air into the power turbine outlet pipe 43. Yes.
- the air intake valve 53 is provided in the air intake pipe 47, and its opening / closing is controlled by the control device 60.
- the power turbine outlet valve 54 is provided between a portion of the power turbine outlet pipe 43 to which the extraction pipe 44 is connected and a portion to which the air intake pipe 47 is connected, and its opening and closing is controlled. Controlled by device 60.
- the air intake valve 53 is closed and the opening / closing valve 51 is closed.
- the air intake valve 53 is configured to open when 52 is opened (when the second condition is satisfied).
- the engine system 200 since the engine system 200 according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, when the on-off valve 51 is closed and the bleed valve 52 is opened, the gas is also circulated through the circulation passage passing through the power turbine 30. Since the outside air is taken into the power turbine outlet pipe 43 via the air intake pipe 47, the gas (air and exhaust gas) in the circulation flow path is switched, and the temperature of the gas in the circulation flow path is prevented from excessively rising. Can do.
- the power turbine outlet valve 54 is opened when the opening / closing valve 51 is opened and the extraction valve 52 is closed (when the first condition is satisfied), and when the opening / closing valve 51 is closed and the extraction valve 52 is opened (second). Closed).
- FIG. 6 is an overall view of an engine system 300 according to the third embodiment.
- the engine system 300 according to the present embodiment differs from the engine system 100 according to the first embodiment in the connection position of the extraction pipe 44 and the power turbine outlet pipe 43.
- Other points are basically the same as those of the engine system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the power turbine outlet pipe 43 is connected to the supercharger outlet pipe 46. Therefore, the exhaust gas that has passed through the power turbine 30 is guided to the flue through the power turbine outlet pipe 43 and the supercharger outlet pipe 46.
- the extraction pipe 44 includes a portion of the power turbine inlet pipe 42 on the downstream side of the on-off valve 51 and a portion of the supercharger outlet pipe 46 on the downstream side of the portion to which the power turbine outlet pipe is connected. Are connected.
- the engine system 300 is configured as described above, when the on-off valve 51 is closed and the bleed valve 52 is opened, the circulation channel as in the first embodiment is not formed, and the power The gas extracted from the turbine inlet pipe 42 is discharged to the supercharger outlet pipe 46. Therefore, the gas that has passed through the power turbine 30 does not pass through the power turbine 30 again, and the temperature of the gas does not gradually rise due to the energy of the power turbine 30 and excessively rise.
- the turbocharger or power turbine reaches a dangerous speed due to damage to some parts of the engine system, or if the scavenging air pressure reaches a dangerous scavenging air pressure, it will be explained above.
- the engine system is not operated. However, it is needless to say that the engine system is included in the present invention as long as the control according to the present invention is performed at the normal time.
- the power turbine is always connected to the crankshaft via the speed reducer.
- a clutch is provided between the speed reducer and the crankshaft so that the connection between the power turbine and the crankshaft can be released.
- the power turbine inlet pipe branches from the supercharger inlet pipe has been described.
- the power turbine inlet pipe and the supercharger inlet pipe are formed independently, and each of them is an exhaust pipe.
- the exhaust gas may be transported from the engine to the supercharger or from the exhaust pipe to the power turbine.
- the engine system according to one embodiment of the present invention can efficiently recover waste heat energy and can simplify the system.
- the engine system according to another aspect of the present invention can suppress an excessive load on the engine body when the power turbine is not driven by the exhaust gas. Therefore, the engine system of the present invention is useful in the technical field of engine systems.
Abstract
Description
<エンジンシステムの全体構成>
まず、第1実施形態に係るエンジンシステム100の全体構成について説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係るエンジンシステム100の全体図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係るエンジンシステム100は、船舶101を航行させるためのいわゆる主機であって、エンジン本体10と、過給機20と、パワータービン30と、各種配管41~45と、各種弁51、52と、を備えている。以下、これらについて順に説明する。 (First embodiment)
<Overall configuration of engine system>
First, the overall configuration of the
次に、エンジンシステム100のうち制御系の構成について説明する。エンジンシステム100は、エンジンシステム100全体を制御する制御装置60を備えている。制御装置60は、CPU、ROM、RAM等によって構成されている。図2は、エンジンシステム100の制御系のブロック図である。図2に示すように、制御装置60は、船舶101を操作する運転操作盤104、エンジン本体10の回転数を測定するエンジン回転計14、シリンダ13内への燃料の投入量を測定する燃料投入量指示計18、及び掃気圧を測定する掃気圧計17と電気的に接続されている。制御装置60は、これら各機器からの入力信号に基づいて、エンジン本体10の回転方向、エンジン回転数、燃料投入量、掃気圧といった種々の情報を取得する。 <Control system configuration>
Next, the configuration of the control system in the
まず、図3を参照して循環流路形成制御について説明する。図3は、エンジンシステム100の制御内容を示すフローチャートである。エンジンシステム100が運転される間、制御装置60は図3のステップS1~S16のサイクルを繰り返す。図3のうちステップS1~S10が、循環流路形成制御に関する部分である。循環流路形成制御は、既に概要を説明したとおり、開閉弁51を閉じたときに抽気弁52を開くことでパワータービン30を通過した気体の循環流路を形成する制御である。 <Circular flow path formation control>
First, the circulation flow path formation control will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the
続いて、排気ガス流量制御について説明する。図3のステップS11~S16が、排ガス流量制御に関する部分である。排ガス流量調整制御は、パワータービン30に設けられた可変ノズル32の開度を調整することで、過給機20に適切な量の排気ガスを供給するとともに、パワータービン30を効率的に運用する制御である。排気ガス流量制御は、ステップS7又はステップS9を経た後に行われる。すなわち、排気ガス流量制御は、開閉弁51が開いている状態のときにのみ行われる。なお、過給機20に適切な排気ガスを供給できているか否かは、掃気圧によって判断することができる。すなわち、掃気圧が所定の値よりも高いときには過給機20に供給する排気ガスの量が過剰であり、掃気圧が所定の値よりも低いときには過給機20に供給する排気ガスの量が不足していると判断することができる。 <Exhaust gas flow control>
Subsequently, the exhaust gas flow rate control will be described. Steps S11 to S16 in FIG. 3 are parts related to the exhaust gas flow rate control. In the exhaust gas flow rate adjustment control, an appropriate amount of exhaust gas is supplied to the
以上では、エンジン本体10が正回転であってかつエンジン本体10の負荷が所定の切換負荷よりも大きい(以下、「第1条件」と称す)とき開閉弁51を開き、エンジン本体10が逆回転のとき又はエンジン本体10の負荷が切換負荷よりも小さい(以下、「第2条件」と称す)とき開閉弁51を閉じる(全閉する)場合について説明した。ただし、第2条件のときには、開閉弁51を閉じるのではなく小開度としてもよい。すなわち、図3のフローチャートのステップS3、S8の「開閉弁が閉」を「開閉弁が小開度」と読み替え、ステップS4、S8、S10の「開閉弁を閉じ」を「開閉弁を小開度とし」と読み替えた制御を行ってもよい。 (Modification of the first embodiment)
In the above, when the
次に、図5を参照して、第2実施形態について説明する。図5は、第2実施形態に係るエンジンシステム200の全体図である。図5に示すように、本実施形態に係るエンジンシステム200は、空気取込配管47と、空気取込弁53と、パワータービン出口弁54とを備えている点で、第1実施形態に係るエンジンシステム100と構成が異なる。それ以外の点は、第1実施形態に係るエンジンシステム100と基本的に同じ構成である。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is an overall view of an
次に、図6を参照して、第3実施形態について説明する。図6は、第3実施形態に係るエンジンシステム300の全体図である。図6に示すように、本実施形態に係るエンジンシステム300は、抽気配管44及びパワータービン出口配管43の連結位置が、第1実施形態に係るエンジンシステム100の場合と異なる。それ以外の点は、第1実施形態に係るエンジンシステム100と基本的に同じ構成である。 (Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is an overall view of an
11 クランク軸
15 掃気管
20 過給機
30 パワータービン
32 可変ノズル
41 過給機入口配管
42 パワータービン入口配管
43 パワータービン出口配管
44 抽気配管
47 空気取込配管
51 開閉弁
52 抽気弁
53 空気取込弁
100、200、300 エンジンシステム
101 船舶 DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (13)
- エンジン本体と、
前記エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスによって駆動される過給機と、
前記エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスによって駆動されるパワータービンと、
前記エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスを前記過給機へ導く過給機入口配管と、
排気エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスを前記パワータービンへ導くパワータービン入口配管と、を備え、
前記パワータービンは入口側に設けられた可変ノズルを有し、
前記エンジン本体から排出される排気ガスの量が減少したとき、前記可変ノズルの開口面積を小さくすることで、前記エンジン本体から排出される排気ガスの量に対する前記過給機に供給される排気ガスの量の割合を大きくするとともに、前記エンジン本体から排出される排気ガスの量が増加したとき、前記可変ノズルの開口面積を大きくすることで、前記エンジン本体から排出される排気ガスの量に対する前記過給機に供給される排気ガスの量の割合を小さくする排気ガス流量制御を行うように構成されている、エンジンシステム。 The engine body,
A supercharger driven by exhaust gas discharged from the engine body;
A power turbine driven by exhaust gas discharged from the engine body;
A supercharger inlet pipe for guiding exhaust gas discharged from the engine body to the supercharger;
A power turbine inlet pipe for guiding the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust engine body to the power turbine,
The power turbine has a variable nozzle provided on the inlet side,
When the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body decreases, the exhaust gas supplied to the supercharger with respect to the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the engine body is reduced by reducing the opening area of the variable nozzle. When the amount of exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body increases, the opening area of the variable nozzle is increased to increase the ratio of the amount of exhaust gas exhausted from the engine body. An engine system configured to perform exhaust gas flow rate control for reducing a ratio of an amount of exhaust gas supplied to a supercharger. - 前記パワータービン入口配管は、前記過給機入口配管から分岐しており、前記過給機入口配管内の排気ガスの一部を前記パワータービンへ導くように構成されている、請求項1に記載のエンジンシステム。 The said power turbine inlet piping is branched from the said supercharger inlet piping, It is comprised so that a part of exhaust gas in the said supercharger inlet piping may be guide | induced to the said power turbine. Engine system.
- 前記エンジン本体は前記過給機で昇圧した新気を収容する掃気管を有しており、
前記排気ガス流量制御は、前記掃気管内の圧力が所定の下限値よりも小さいときには前記可変ノズルの開度を小さくするとともに、前記掃気管内の圧力が所定の上限値よりも大きいときには前記可変ノズルの開度を大きくすることで行われる、請求項1又は2に記載のエンジンシステム。 The engine body has a scavenging pipe for accommodating fresh air boosted by the supercharger,
When the pressure in the scavenging pipe is smaller than a predetermined lower limit value, the exhaust gas flow rate control reduces the opening of the variable nozzle, and when the pressure in the scavenging pipe is larger than a predetermined upper limit value, The engine system according to claim 1, wherein the engine system is performed by increasing an opening degree. - 前記所定の下限値及び前記所定の上限値は、前記エンジン本体の負荷が大きくなるに従って大きくなるように設定される、請求項3に記載のエンジンシステム。 The engine system according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined lower limit value and the predetermined upper limit value are set so as to increase as a load on the engine body increases.
- エンジン本体と、
前記エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスによって駆動される過給機と、
前記エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスによって駆動され、前記エンジン本体のクランク軸に連結されているパワータービンと、
前記エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスを前記過給機へ導く過給機入口配管と、
前記エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスを前記パワータービンへ導くパワータービン入口配管と、
前記パワータービン入口配管に設けられ、前記エンジン本体の運転条件に応じて開閉する開閉弁と、
前記パワータービン入口配管のうち前記開閉弁よりも下流側の部分に連結され、前記パワータービン入口配管内の気体を抽出する抽気配管と、
前記抽気配管に設けられた抽気弁と、を備え、
前記エンジン本体が正回転であってかつ前記エンジン本体の負荷が所定の切換負荷よりも大きい第1条件のとき、前記開閉弁を開くとともに前記抽気弁を閉じ、
前記エンジン本体が逆回転のとき又は前記エンジン本体の負荷が前記所定の切換負荷よりも小さい第2条件のとき、前記開閉弁を閉じるか又は前記第1条件における前記開閉弁の開度よりも小さい小開度とするとともに前記抽気弁を開くように構成されている、エンジンシステム。 The engine body,
A supercharger driven by exhaust gas discharged from the engine body;
A power turbine driven by exhaust gas discharged from the engine body and connected to a crankshaft of the engine body;
A supercharger inlet pipe for guiding exhaust gas discharged from the engine body to the supercharger;
A power turbine inlet pipe for guiding exhaust gas discharged from the engine body to the power turbine;
An on-off valve provided in the power turbine inlet pipe, and opened and closed according to operating conditions of the engine body;
An extraction pipe connected to a portion on the downstream side of the on-off valve in the power turbine inlet pipe to extract gas in the power turbine inlet pipe;
An extraction valve provided in the extraction pipe,
When the engine body is in a normal rotation and the load on the engine body is a first condition greater than a predetermined switching load, the on-off valve is opened and the bleed valve is closed,
When the engine body rotates in the reverse direction or when the load on the engine body is a second condition smaller than the predetermined switching load, the on-off valve is closed or smaller than the opening degree of the on-off valve in the first condition An engine system configured to have a small opening and to open the extraction valve. - 前記パワータービン入口配管は、前記過給機入口配管から分岐しており、前記過給機入口配管内の排気ガスの一部を前記パワータービンへ導くように構成されている、請求項5に記載のエンジンシステム。 The said power turbine inlet piping is branched from the said supercharger inlet piping, It is comprised so that a part of exhaust gas in the said supercharger inlet piping may be guide | induced to the said power turbine. Engine system.
- 前記エンジン本体の負荷が上昇しているときの前記切換負荷である上昇切換負荷は、前記エンジン本体の負荷が下降しているときの前記切換負荷である下降切換負荷よりも大きく設定されている、請求項5又は6に記載のエンジンシステム。 The upward switching load that is the switching load when the load of the engine body is rising is set larger than the downward switching load that is the switching load when the load of the engine body is falling, The engine system according to claim 5 or 6.
- 前記エンジン本体の負荷が上昇して前記上昇切換負荷よりも大きくなったとき、前記抽気弁を閉じた後に前記開閉弁を開くように構成されている、請求項7に記載のエンジンシステム。 The engine system according to claim 7, wherein when the load of the engine body increases and becomes larger than the increase switching load, the on-off valve is opened after the extraction valve is closed.
- 前記エンジン本体の負荷が下降して前記下降切換負荷よりも小さくなったとき、前記開閉弁を閉じた後に前記抽気弁を開くように構成されている、請求項7又は8に記載のエンジンシステム。 The engine system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein when the load of the engine body is lowered and becomes smaller than the lowering switching load, the bleed valve is opened after the on-off valve is closed.
- 前記パワータービンを通過した排気ガスを排出するパワータービン出口配管をさらに備え、
前記抽気配管は、前記パワータービン出口配管に連結されており、前記パワータービン入口配管から抽出した気体を前記パワータービン出口配管に排出する、請求項5乃至9のうちいずれか一の項に記載のエンジンシステム。 A power turbine outlet pipe for discharging exhaust gas that has passed through the power turbine;
The said extraction piping is connected with the said power turbine exit piping, The gas extracted from the said power turbine entrance piping is discharged | emitted to the said power turbine exit piping, The description in any one of Claims 5 thru | or 9 Engine system. - 前記パワータービン出口配管のうち、前記抽気配管が連結する部分と前記パワータービンの間に連結されており、外気を前記パワータービン出口配管に取り込むことができる空気取込配管と、該空気取込配管に設けられた空気取込弁と、をさらに備え、
前記第1条件のとき前記空気取込弁を閉じ、前記第2条件のとき前記空気取込弁を開くように構成されている、請求項10に記載のエンジンシステム。 Of the power turbine outlet pipe, an air intake pipe that is connected between a portion to which the extraction pipe is connected and the power turbine and can take outside air into the power turbine outlet pipe, and the air intake pipe An air intake valve provided in the
The engine system according to claim 10, wherein the engine is configured to close the air intake valve when the first condition is satisfied and to open the air intake valve when the second condition is satisfied. - 前記過給機を通過した排気ガスを排出する過給機出口配管をさらに備え、
前記抽気配管は、前記過給機出口配管に連結されており、前記パワータービン入口配管から抽出した気体を前記過給機出口配管に排出する、請求項5乃至9のうちいずれか一の項に記載のエンジンシステム。 Further comprising a supercharger outlet pipe for discharging exhaust gas that has passed through the supercharger;
The said extraction piping is connected with the said supercharger exit piping, The gas extracted from the said power turbine inlet piping is discharged | emitted to the said supercharger exit piping in any one of Claims 5 thru | or 9. The engine system described. - 請求項1乃至12のうちいずれか一の項に記載のエンジンシステムを備えた船舶。 A ship provided with the engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20160010623A (en) | 2016-01-27 |
CN105264198A (en) | 2016-01-20 |
JP6270838B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
CN105264198B (en) | 2017-10-13 |
JPWO2014199643A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
KR101861754B1 (en) | 2018-05-28 |
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