WO2014197849A2 - Anti-c10orf54 antibodies and uses thereof - Google Patents

Anti-c10orf54 antibodies and uses thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014197849A2
WO2014197849A2 PCT/US2014/041388 US2014041388W WO2014197849A2 WO 2014197849 A2 WO2014197849 A2 WO 2014197849A2 US 2014041388 W US2014041388 W US 2014041388W WO 2014197849 A2 WO2014197849 A2 WO 2014197849A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seq
amino acid
acid sequence
antibody
c10orf54
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PCT/US2014/041388
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2014197849A9 (en
WO2014197849A3 (en
Inventor
John Lippincott
Edward Thein Htun Van Der Horst
Sun Young Kim
Leonard G. Presta
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Igenica Biotherapeutics, Inc.
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Publication date
Priority to CA2914369A priority Critical patent/CA2914369C/en
Priority to NZ714765A priority patent/NZ714765A/en
Priority to ES14807930T priority patent/ES2891755T3/es
Priority to AU2014274660A priority patent/AU2014274660B2/en
Application filed by Igenica Biotherapeutics, Inc. filed Critical Igenica Biotherapeutics, Inc.
Priority to SG11201509982UA priority patent/SG11201509982UA/en
Priority to EP14807930.4A priority patent/EP3003390B1/en
Priority to US14/895,919 priority patent/US10100123B2/en
Priority to JP2016518049A priority patent/JP6824735B2/ja
Publication of WO2014197849A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014197849A2/en
Publication of WO2014197849A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014197849A3/en
Priority to ZA2015/08896A priority patent/ZA201508896B/en
Publication of WO2014197849A9 publication Critical patent/WO2014197849A9/en
Priority to US16/053,450 priority patent/US10414823B2/en
Priority to US16/053,515 priority patent/US10421818B2/en
Priority to US16/519,411 priority patent/US20200040102A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
    • C07K16/3061—Blood cells
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
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    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
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    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A61K47/6867—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell the tumour determinant being from a cell of a blood cancer
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
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    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07K—PEPTIDES
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    • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to anti-C10orf54 antibodies, including antibody-drug conjugates comprising the antibodies, and methods of their use.
  • C10orft54 is a single-pass type I transmembrane protein that is 31 1 amino acids in length and includes a signal sequence and one IgV-like domain in its intracellular region. It is potentially a member of the B7 family of proteins and it has approximately 24% sequence identity to B7-H1 /PD-L1 (Flajnik et al., Immunogenetic 64:571 -590 (2012)).
  • the mouse ortholog to C10orf54 is known as V-region hnnnunoglobulin- containing Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA; also known as PD-L3).
  • VISTA was cloned from a library of CD4 positive regulatory T cells (T reg ) (Wang et al., JEM 208(3):577-592 (201 1 )). VISTA is primarily expressed on hematopoietic cells, and VISTA expression is highly regulated on myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells (Wang et al., supra).
  • T reg CD4 positive regulatory T cells
  • VISTA appears to have functional activities that are nonredundant with other Ig superfamily members and may play a role in the development of autoimmunity and immune surveillance in cancer.
  • expression of a VISTA-lg fusion protein has been shown to inhibit T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro and overexpression of VISTA on MCA105 tumor cells interferes with a host's protective antitumor immunity (Wang et al., supra).
  • administration of a VISTA- specific monoclonal antibody enhanced CD4 positive T cell response in vivo and the development of autoimmunity (Wang et al., supra).
  • Monoclonal antibodies against C10orf54 have also been shown to prevent acute graft-versus-host disease in mice (Flies et al., J. Immunology 187(4):1537-1541 (201 1 )).
  • antibodies that bind to C10orf54 including a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope, collectively referred to herein as anti-C10orf54 antibodies.
  • anti-C10orf54 antibodies that are conjugated to drugs as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), including ADCs of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is an antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is cytotoxin.
  • ADCs antibody-drug conjugates
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies are humanized antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A described herein, or a humanized variant thereof.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can further comprise a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • the antibody comprises less than six CDRs.
  • the antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3.
  • the antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of the monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A described herein, or a humanized variant thereof.
  • the antibody further comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • the antibody is a humanized antibody, a monoclonal antibody, a recombinant antibody, an antigen binding fragment or any combination thereof.
  • the antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide (e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble C10orf54), a C10orf54 fragment, or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • a C10orf54 polypeptide e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble C10orf54
  • C10orf54 fragment e.g., a C10orf54 fragment
  • C10orf54 epitope e.g., a C10orf54 polypeptide (e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble C10orf54), a C10orf54 fragment, or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the antibody competitively blocks ⁇ e.g., in a dose-dependent manner) monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A described herein or a humanized variant thereof from binding to a C10orf54 polypeptide ⁇ e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble
  • the antibody binds to a C10orf54 epitope that is bound ⁇ e.g., recognized) by monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 , or 141 A described herein or a humanized variant thereof (e.g. humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies
  • the therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent ⁇ e.g., a cystotoxic agent such as cytotoxin).
  • the detectable agent is a radioisotope, an enzyme, a fluorescent compound, a bioluminescent compound or a chemiluminescent compound.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies provided herein are conjugated to drugs as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugate
  • the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is an antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxin.
  • compositions comprising an anti-C10orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies) described herein.
  • the compositions comprise an antibody-drug conjugate wherein the antibody is an anti-C10orf54 antibody.
  • pharmaceutical compositions comprising an anti-C10orf54 antibody, including a humanized anti- C10orf54 antibody, provided herein.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a VH chain, VL chain, VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of anti-C10orf54 antibodies, including humanized anti- C10orf54 antibodies, that bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the nucleic acid molecule encodes a VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A described herein, or a humanized variant thereof.
  • the nucleic acid molecule further encodes a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • vectors and host cells comprising the nucleic acid molecules encoding an anti-C10orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized anti- C10orf54 antibodies), as well as methods of producing an anti-C10orf54 antibody by culturing the host cells provided herein under conditions that promote the production of the anti-C10orf54 antibody.
  • a disease, disorder or condition including one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder or condition
  • methods of treating, preventing or alleviating a disease, disorder or condition, including one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder or condition comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti- C10orf54 antibody, including an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti- C10orf54 antibody, provided herein to a subject, thereby treating, preventing or alleviating the disease, disorder or condition, including one or more symptoms of the disease, disorder or condition.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies are humanized antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54
  • the disease, disorder or condition is caused by or otherwise associated with C10orf54, including by or associated with C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T regs)).
  • C10orf54-expressing cells e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T regs)).
  • the disease is a cancer, such as a leukemia, a bladder cancer or a fibrosarcoma.
  • the leukemia is an acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • the disease is graft-versus- host disease (GVHD).
  • Additional methods provided include using an anti-C10orf54 antibody with C10orf54 binding activity for C10orf54-expressing cells, provided herein, for example, as an unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody (ADC), including to inhibit and/or kill the C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., with anti-tumor activity to mediate an anti-tumor effect).
  • ADC unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies, including ADCs comprising the anti-C10orf54 antibodies, provided herein inhibit C10orf54-mediated suppressor activity on T cells ⁇ e.g., to allow an effective anti-tumor immune response).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., C10orf54-bearing tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells
  • C10orf54-expressing cells e.g., C10orf54-bearing tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells
  • antibody drug conjugates comprising anti- C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54-expressing cells including by binding to cells expressing C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and/or regulatory T cells (T regs)), for example, by allowing internalization of the cytotoxic drug.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54
  • polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the cell is a regulatory T cell ⁇ e.g., a CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cell).
  • the cell is a myeloid-derived suppressor cell ⁇ e.g., a CD1 1 b + or CD1 1 b high myeloid-derived suppressor cell) or a suppressive dendritic cell (e.g., a CD1 1 b + or CD1 1 b high dendritic cell).
  • the cell is a cancerous or pre-cancerous cell.
  • Additional methods provided include using an anti-C10orf54 antibody with C10orf54 binding activity for C10orf54-expressing cells provided herein, for example, as an unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody (ADC) including to inhibit and/or kill C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., with anti-tumor activity to mediate an anti-tumor effect).
  • ADC unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies including ADCs comprising the anti- C10orf54 antibodies, provided herein inhibit C10orf54-mediated suppressor activity on T cells (e.g., to allow an effective anti-tumor immune response).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54- expressing cells (e.g., C10orf54-bearing tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T regs)), for example, via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)
  • C10orf54-expressing cells e.g., C10orf54-bearing tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T regs)
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
  • ADCs antibody drug conjugates
  • ADCs comprising anti-C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54-expressing cells including by binding to cells expressing C10orf54 (e.g., tumor cells, mye
  • the anti- C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • methods of modulating an immune response in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody) provided herein to a subject.
  • the modulating comprises increasing T cell activation.
  • the modulating comprises increasing T cell proliferation.
  • the modulating comprises increasing cytokine production.
  • a seventh aspect provided herein are methods for detecting C10orf54 in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody) provided herein, such as an antibody that comprises a detectible agent.
  • an anti-C10orf54 antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody
  • the sample comprises a cell expressing C10orf54 on its surface.
  • a C10orf54-expressing cell e.g., tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cell (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cell (T reg)
  • the cancer is acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • the anti- C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • C10orf54-expressing cells e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T reg)
  • methods of killing C10orf54-expressing cells comprising contacting a C10orf54-expressing cell (e.g., tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cell (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cell (T regs)) with an amount of an anti-C10orf54 antibody or an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., an ADC of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is the antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxic agent) effective to kill the cell (e.g., tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cell (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cell (
  • the tumor cell is an AML cell.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • kits comprising an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody) that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a
  • kits comprise an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) wherein the antibody is an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody).
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugate
  • administer refers to the act of injecting or otherwise physically delivering a substance as it exists outside the body ⁇ e.g., an anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein) into a patient, such as by mucosal, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular delivery and/or any other method of physical delivery described herein or known in the art.
  • administration of the substance typically occurs after the onset of the disease or symptoms thereof.
  • an "agonist" of C10orf54 refers to a molecule that is capable of activating or otherwise increasing one or more of the biological activities of C10orf54, such as in a cell expressing C10orf54 or in a cell expressing a C10orf54 ligand, such as a C10orf54 receptor.
  • an agonist of C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., an agonistic antibody provided herein) may, for example, act by activating or otherwise increasing the activation and/or cell signaling pathways of the cell expressing a
  • the antibodies provided herein are agonistic anti-C10orf54 antibodies.
  • alkyl as used herein, means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic (in this case, it would also be known as “cycloalkyl”) hydrocarbon containing from 1 -10 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylhexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, and n-decyl.
  • alkyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • Ci- 6 alkyl means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic (in this case, it would also be known as “cycloalkyl”) hydrocarbon containing from 1 -6 carbon atoms.
  • Ci- 3 alkyl means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 1 -3 carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic (in which case, it would also be known as a “cycloalkenyl”) hydrocarbon containing from 2-10 carbons and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond formed by the removal of two hydrogens.
  • an alkenyl group is a monoradical or a diradical ⁇ e.g., an alkenylene group).
  • alkenyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • alkenyl examples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, and 2-methyl-1 -heptenyl.
  • alkenyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • C2-6 alkenyl means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic (in this case, it would also be known as "cycloalkyi") hydrocarbon containing from 2-6 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond formed by the removal of two hydrogens.
  • alkoxy means an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 2-propoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, and hexyloxy.
  • amino acid or AA or amino acid residue include but are not limited to the 20 naturally occurring amino acids acids commonly designated by three letter symbols and also includes 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxyysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3- methylhistidine, norvalin, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, homocysteine, homoserine, ornithine and methionine sulfone.
  • the amino acid residue of the present application also include the corresponding N-methyl amino acids, such as
  • amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides, oligomers and polypeptides designated as -(AA )r of the present application may include the corresponding non-N-alkylated amino acids and peptides (such as non-N-methylated amino acids in the peptides), as well as a mixture of the non-N-alkylated amino acids and the N-alkylated amino acids of the peptides.
  • An “antibody-drug conjugate” or “ADC” is an antibody that is conjugated to one or more cytotoxins, through one or more linkers.
  • An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) may be of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is an antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is a cyto toxin.
  • analog refers to a polypeptide
  • polypeptide that possesses a similar or identical function as a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C10orf54 antibody but does not necessarily comprise a similar or identical amino acid sequence of a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C10orf54 antibody, or possess a similar or identical structure of a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C10orf54 antibody.
  • a polypeptide that has a similar amino acid sequence refers to a polypeptide that satisfies at least one of the following: (a) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a C10orf54 polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1079), a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C10orf54 antibody described herein; (b) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequence encoding a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an anti- C10orf54 antibody (or
  • a polypeptide with similar structure to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C10orf54 antibody described herein refers to a polypeptide that has a similar secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure of a C10orf54
  • polypeptide a fragment of a C10orf54, or a C10orf54 antibody described herein.
  • the structure of a polypeptide can determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and crystallographic electron microscopy.
  • an "antagonist” or “inhibitor” of C10orf54 refers to a molecule that is capable of inhibiting or otherwise decreasing one or more of the biological activities of C10orf54, such as in a cell expressing C10orf54 or in a cell expressing a C10orf54 ligand, such as a C10orf54 receptor.
  • an antagonist of C10orf54 refers to a molecule that is capable of inhibiting or otherwise decreasing one or more of the biological activities of C10orf54, such as in a cell expressing C10orf54 or in a cell expressing a C10orf54 ligand, such as a C10orf54 receptor.
  • C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., an antagonistic antibody provided herein may, for example, act by inhibiting or otherwise decreasing the activation and/or cell signaling pathways of the cell expressing a C10orf54 or a C10orf54 receptor, thereby inhibiting a C10orf54- mediated biological activity of the cell the relative to the C10orf54-mediated biological activity in the absence of antagonist.
  • the antibodies provided herein are antagonistic anti-C10orf54 antibodies.
  • antibody and “immunoglobulin” or “Ig” are used interchangeably herein, and are intended to include a polypeptide product of B cells within the
  • immunoglobulin class of polypeptides that is able to bind to a specific molecular antigen and is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, wherein each pair has one heavy chain (about 50-70 kDa) and one light chain (about 25 kDa) and each amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to about 130 or more amino acids and each carboxy-terminal portion of each chain includes a constant region (See, Borrebaeck (ed.) (1995) Antibody Engineering, Second Ed., Oxford University Press.; Kuby (1997) Immunology, Third Ed., W.H. Freeman and Company, New York).
  • the specific molecular antigen can be bound by an antibody provided herein includes the target C10orf54 polypeptide, fragment or epitope.
  • Antibodies also include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bi- specific antibodies), human antibodies, humanized antibodies, camelized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, and functional fragments of any of the above, which refers a portion of an antibody heavy or light chain polypeptide that retains some or all of the binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment was derived.
  • Non-limiting examples of functional fragments include single-chain Fvs (scFv) (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc.), Fab fragments, F(ab') fragments, F(ab)2 fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody and minibody.
  • scFv single-chain Fvs
  • Fab fragments F(ab') fragments, F(ab)2 fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv)
  • sdFv disulfide-linked Fvs
  • antibodies provided herein include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, e.g., antigen binding domains or molecules that contain an antigen-binding site that binds to a C10orf54 antigen [e.g., one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of an anti- C10orf54 antibody).
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • Such antibody fragments can be found described in, for example, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York (1989); Myers (ed.), Molec. Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference, New York: VCH Publisher, Inc.; Huston et al., Cell Biophysics, 22:189-224 (1993); Pluckthun and Skerra, Meth.
  • the antibodies provided herein can be of any type ⁇ e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY), any class (e.g., lgG1 , lgG2, lgG3, lgG4 , lgA1 and lgA2), or any subclass ⁇ e.g., lgG2a and lgG2b) of immunoglobulin molecule.
  • An anti- C10orf54 antibodies provided herein can be agonistic antibodies or antagonistic antibodies.
  • antibodies that specifically bind to C10orf54 refer to antibodies that specifically bind to a C10orf54 epitope
  • anti-C10orf54 antibodies and analogous terms are also used interchangeably herein and refer to antibodies that specifically bind to a
  • C10orf54 polypeptide such as a C10orf54 antigen or epitope.
  • Such antibodies include humanized antibodies.
  • An antibody that specifically binds to a C10orf54 antigen may be cross-reactive with related antigens.
  • an antibody that specifically binds to a C10orf54 antigen does not cross-react with other antigens.
  • An antibody that specifically binds to a C10orf54 antigen can be identified, for example, by immunoassays, BIAcore, or other techniques known to those of skill in the art.
  • An antibody binds specifically to a C10orf54 antigen when it binds to a C10orf54 antigen with higher affinity than to any cross-reactive antigen as determined using experimental techniques, such as radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
  • RIA radioimmunoassays
  • ELISAs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
  • a specific or selective reaction will be at least twice background signal or noise and more typically more than 10 times background. See, e.g., Paul, ed., 1989, Fundamental Immunology Second Edition, Raven Press, New York at pages 332-336 for a discussion regarding antibody specificity.
  • an antibody "which binds" an antigen of interest is one that binds the antigen with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent in targeting a cell or tissue expressing the antigen, and does not significantly cross-react with other proteins.
  • the extent of binding of the antibody to a "non-target" protein will be less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to its particular target protein as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis or
  • RIA radioimmunoprecipitation
  • binding is indicated if the binding of the labeled target to a probe is competitively inhibited by excess unlabeled target.
  • the term "specific binding” or “specifically binds to” or is “specific for” a particular polypeptide or an epitope on a particular polypeptide target as used herein can be exhibited, for example, by a molecule having a Kd for the target of at least about 10 "4 M,
  • the term "specific binding” refers to binding where a molecule binds to a particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide without substantially binding to any other polypeptide or polypeptide epitope.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 has a dissociation constant (Kd) of ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, or ⁇ 0.1 nM.
  • Kd dissociation constant
  • anti- C10orf54 antibody binds to an epitope of C10orf54 that is conserved among C10orf54 from different species.
  • an “anti-c10orf54 antibody” or “an antibody that binds to C10orf54” refers to an antibody that is capable of binding C10orf54, including, for example, an antibody, with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent in targeting C10orf54.
  • Such antibodies include humanized antibodies.
  • the extent of binding of an anti-C10orf54 antibody to an unrelated, non- C10orf54 protein is less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to C10orf54 as measured, e.g., by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis or a
  • an antibody that '"specifically binds to" or is “specific for” C10orf54 is defined as above.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 has a dissociation constant (Kd) of ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, or ⁇ 0.1 nM.
  • anti-C10orf54 antibody binds to an epitope of C10orf54 that is conserved among C10orf54 from different species.
  • An "antigen" is a predetermined antigen to which an antibody can selectively bind.
  • the target antigen may be a polypeptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, hapten or other naturally occurring or synthetic compound. In specific embodiments, the target antigen is a polypeptide.
  • antigen binding fragment refers to that portion of an antibody which comprises the amino acid residues that interact with an antigen and confer on the binding agent its specificity and affinity for the antigen ⁇ e.g., the complementarity determining regions (CDRs)).
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • binding refers to an interaction between molecules to form a complex. Interactions can be, for example, non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and/or van der Waals interactions. A complex can also include the binding of two or more molecules held together by covalent or non-covalent bonds, interactions or forces.
  • the strength of the total non-covalent interactions between a single antigen-binding site on an antibody and a single epitope of a target molecule, such as C10orf54, is the affinity of the antibody or functional fragment for that epitope.
  • the ratio of association (ki) to dissociation (k.i) of an antibody to a monovalent antigen (kil k.i) is the association constant K, which is a measure of affinity.
  • K is a measure of affinity.
  • the value of K varies for different complexes of antibody and antigen and depends on both / ? and k ⁇ .
  • the association constant K for an antibody provided herein can be determined using any method provided herein or any other method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the affinity at one binding site does not always reflect the true strength of the interaction between an antibody and an antigen.
  • the strength of such multiple interactions between a multivalent antibody and antigen is called the avidity.
  • the avidity of an antibody can be a better measure of its binding capacity than is the affinity of its individual binding sites. For example, high avidity can compensate for low affinity as is sometimes found for pentameric IgM antibodies, which can have a lower affinity than IgG, but the high avidity of IgM, resulting from its multivalence, enables it to bind antigen effectively.
  • C10orf54 or “C10orf54 polypeptide” and similar terms refers to the polypeptide ("polypeptide,” “peptide” and “protein” are used interchangeably herein) encoded by the human Chromosome 10 Open Reading Frame 54 (C10orf54) gene, which is also known in the art as B7-H5, platelet receptor Gi24, GI24, Stress Induced Secreted Proteinl , SISP1 , and PP2135, comprising the amino acid sequence of:
  • the C10orf54 polypeptide has been shown to or is predicted to comprise several distinct regions within the amino acid sequence including: a signal sequence (residues 1 -32; see Zhang et al ., Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824 (2004)); an immunoglobulin domain - IgV-like (residues 33- 162); and a transmembrane region (residues 195-215).
  • the mature C10orf54 protein includes amino acid residues 33-31 1 of SEQ ID NO: 1079.
  • the extracellular domain of the C10orf54 protein includes amino acid residues 33-194 of SEQ ID NO: 1079.
  • Related polypeptides include allelic variants ⁇ e.g., SNP variants); splice variants; fragments; derivatives; substitution, deletion, and insertion variants; fusion
  • an anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein can bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, polypeptide fragment, antigen, and/or epitope, as an epitope is part of the larger antigen, which is part of the larger polypeptide fragment, which, in turn, is part of the larger polypeptide.
  • C10orf54 can exist in a native or denatured form.
  • the C10ORF54 polypeptides described herein may be isolated from a variety of sources, such as from human tissue types or from another source, or prepared by recombinant or synthetic methods.
  • a "native sequence C10ORF54 polypeptide” comprises a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the corresponding C10ORF54 polypeptide derived from nature. Such native sequence C10ORF54 polypeptides can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means.
  • the term "native sequence C10ORF54 polypeptide" specifically encompasses naturally-occurring truncated or secreted forms of the specific
  • C10ORF54 polypeptide e.g., an extracellular domain sequence
  • naturally-occurring variant forms e.g., alternatively spliced forms
  • naturally-occurring allelic variants of the polypeptide e.g., allelic variants of the polypeptide.
  • a cDNA nucleic acid sequence encoding the C10orf54 polypeptide comprises:
  • Orthologs to the C10orf54 polypeptide are also well known in the art.
  • the mouse ortholog to the C10orf54 polypeptide is V-region hnmunoglobulin- containing Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) (also known as PD-L3, PD-1 H, PD-XL, Pro1412 and UNQ730), which shares approximately 70% sequence identity to the human polypeptide.
  • VISTA V-region hnmunoglobulin- containing Suppressor of T cell Activation
  • Orthologs of C10orf54 can also be found in additional organisms including chimpanzee, cow, rat and zebrafish.
  • C10orf54-expressing cell refers to a cell that expresses endogenous or transfected C10orf54 on the cell surface.
  • C10orf54 expressing cells include a C10orf54-berring tumor cells, regulatory tumor cells ⁇ e.g., CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (e.g., CD1 1 b + or CD1 1 b high myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and/or suppressive dendritic cells (e.g., CD1 1 b + or CD1 1 b high dendritic cells).
  • a cell expressing C10orf54 produces sufficient levels of C10orf54 on its surface, such that an anti-C10orf54 antibody can bind thereto. In some aspect, such binding may have a therapeutic effect with respect to the cancer.
  • a cell that "overexpresses" C10orf54 is one that has significantly higher levels of C10orf54 at the cell surface thereof, compared to a cell of the same tissue type that is known to express C10orf54. Such overexpression may be caused by gene amplification or by increased transcription or translation. C10orf54 overexpression may be determined in a diagnostic or prognostic assay by evaluating increased levels of the C10orf54 protein present on the surface of a cell (e.g. via an immunohistochemistry assay; FACS analysis).
  • a C10orf54-expressing tumor cell includes, but is not limited to, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tumor cells.
  • C10orf54-mediated disease C10orf54-mediated disorder
  • C10orf54-mediated condition refer to any disease, disorder or condition that is completely or partially caused by or is the result of C10orf54.
  • diseases, disorders or conditions include those caused by or otherwise associated with C10orf54, including by or associated with C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells
  • C10orf54 is aberrantly ⁇ e.g., highly) expressed on the surface of a cell. In some embodiments, C10orf54 may be aberrantly upregulated on a particular cell type. In other embodiments, normal, aberrant or excessive cell signaling is caused by binding of C10orf54 to a C10orf54 ligand, which can bind or otherwise interact with C10orf54.
  • cell proliferative disorder and “proliferative disorder” refer to disorders that are associated with some degree of abnormal cell proliferation. In one
  • the cell proliferative disorder is a tumor or cancer.
  • Tumor refers to all neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, whether malignant or benign, and all pre-cancerous and cancerous cells and tissues.
  • cancer refers to all neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, whether malignant or benign, and all pre-cancerous and cancerous cells and tissues.
  • cancer refers to all neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, whether malignant or benign, and all pre-cancerous and cancerous cells and tissues.
  • cancer cancer
  • cancer cancer
  • cancer include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of such cancers include squamous cell cancer ⁇ e.g.
  • lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non- small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, oral cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of the urinary tract, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, melanoma, multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphoma, brain cancer, as well as head and neck cancer, and associated metastases.
  • lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non- small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum,
  • carrier refers to a diluent, adjuvant ⁇ e.g., Freund's adjuvant (complete and incomplete)), excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered.
  • Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water is a exemplary carrier when the
  • composition is administered intravenously.
  • Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like.
  • the composition if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.
  • compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like.
  • Oral formulation can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc.
  • compositions will contain a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of the antibody, e.g., in isolated or purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient.
  • the formulation should suit the mode of administration.
  • chemical group refers to two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule.
  • chemotherapeutic agent is a chemical agent ⁇ e.g., compound or drug) useful in the treatment of cancer, regardless of mechanism of action.
  • Chemotherapeutic agents include compounds used in targeted therapy and conventional chemotherapy.
  • Examples of chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, alkylating agents such as thiotepa and CYTOXAN® cyclosphosphamide; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide,
  • triethiylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylolomelamine triethiylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylolomelamine; acetogenins (especially bullatacin and bullatacinone); delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol, AR1 NOL®); beta-lapachone; lapachol; colchicines; betulinic acid; a camptothecin (including the synthetic analogue topotecan (HYCAMTIN®), CPT-1 1 (irinotecan, CAMPTOSAR®), acetylcamptothecin, scopolectin, and 9-aminocamptothecin); bryostatin; callystatin; CC-1065 (including its adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogues); podophyllotoxin; podophyllinic acid; teniposide; cryptophycins (particularly
  • cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8 dolastatin; duocarmycin (including the synthetic analogues, KW-2189 and CB1 -TM1 ); eleutherobin; pancratistatin; a sarcodictyin; spongistatin; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine,
  • cholophosphamide estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimnustine; antibiotics such as the enediyne antibiotics ⁇ e.g., calicheamicin, especially calicheamicin gammal I and calicheamicin omega II (see, e.g., Agnew, Chem Intl. Ed. Engl.
  • dynemicin including dynemicin A; an esperamicin; as well as neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antiobiotic chromophores), aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, caminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, ADRIAMYCIN®, doxorubicin (including morpholino- doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and
  • deoxydoxorubicin epirubicin
  • esorubicin idarubicin
  • marcellomycin mitomycins such as mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin
  • anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogues such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6- azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, en
  • edatraxate defofamine
  • demecolcine diaziquone
  • elfornithine elliptinium acetate
  • an epothilone etoglucid
  • gallium nitrate hydroxyurea
  • lentinan lonidainine
  • maytansinoids such as maytansine and ansamitocins; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidanmol; nitraerine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; losoxantrone; 2- ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK® polysaccharide complex (JHS Natural Products, Eugene, Oreg.); razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofuran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2,2',2"-trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (especially T-2 toxin, verracurin A, roridin A and anguidine); urethan; vindesine (ELDISINE®, FILDESIN®); dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine;
  • Ara-C arabinoside
  • thiotepa taxoids
  • taxoids e.g., TAXOL® paclitaxel (Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.), ABRAXANETM Cremophor-free, albumin- engineered nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel (American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, IL.), and TAXOTERE® doxetaxel (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France); chloranbucil; gemcitabine (GEMZAR®); 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine
  • TAXOL® paclitaxel Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.
  • ABRAXANETM Cremophor-free albumin- engineered nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel
  • VELBAN® platinum; etoposide (VP- 16); ifosfamide; mitoxantrone; vincristine (ONCOVIN®); oxaliplatin; leucovovin; vinorelbine (NAVELBINE®); novantrone;
  • edatrexate daunomycin; aminopterin; ibandronate; topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylornithine (DMFO); retinoids such as retinoic acid; capecitabine (XELODA®); pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above; as well as combinations of two or more of the above such as CHOP, an abbreviation for a combined therapy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone, and FOLFOX, an abbreviation for a treatment regimen with oxaliplatin (ELOXATINTM) combined with 5-FU and leucovovin. Additional
  • chemotherapeutic agents include cytotoxic agents useful as antibody drug
  • chemotherapeutic agent conjugates, such as maytansinoids (DM1 and DM4, for example) and auristatins (MMAE and MMAF, for example).
  • anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example, tamoxifen (including NOLVADEX®; tamoxifen citrate), raloxifene, droloxifene, 4- hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 1 17018, onapristone, and FARESTON® (toremifine citrate); (ii) aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example, 4(5)- imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, MEGASE® (megestrol acetate), AROMASIN®
  • SERMs selective estrogen receptor modulators
  • the antibodies provided herein can include "chimeric" antibodies in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a particular antibody class or subclass, while the remainder of the chain(s) is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well as fragments of such antibodies, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity (see U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al., Proc. Nat!. Acad. Sci. USA, 81 :6851 -6855 (1984)).
  • composition is intended to encompass a product containing the specified ingredients ⁇ e.g., an antibody provided herein) in, optionally, the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in, optionally, the specified amounts.
  • CDR refers to one of three hypervariable regions (H1 , H2 or H3) within the non- framework region of the immunoglobulin (Ig or antibody) VH ⁇ -sheet framework, or one of three hypervariable regions (L1 , L2 or L3) within the non-framework region of the antibody VL ⁇ -sheet framework. Accordingly, CDRs are variable region sequences interspersed within the framework region sequences. CDR regions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been defined by, for example, Kabat as the regions of most hypervariability within the antibody variable (V) domains
  • CDR region sequences also have been defined structurally by Chothia as those residues that are not part of the conserved ⁇ -sheet framework, and thus are able to adapt different conformations (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901 -917 (1987)). Both terminologies are well recognized in the art. CDR region sequences have also been defined by AbM, Contact and IMGT. CDR region sequences are illustrated in FIG. 16A and 16B.
  • hypervariable region when used herein refers to the regions of an antibody variable domain that are hypervariable in sequence and/or form structurally defined loops.
  • antibodies comprise six hypervariable regions; three in the VH (H 1 , H2, H3), and three in the VL (LI, L2, L3).
  • a number of hypervariable region delineations are in use and are encompassed herein.
  • the Kabat CDRs are based on sequence variability and are the most commonly used (Kabat eta/., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991 )).
  • Chothia refers instead to the location of the structural loops (Chothia and Lesk J Mol. Bioi. 196:901 -917 (1987)).
  • the end of the Chothia CDR-HI loop when numbered using the Kabat numbering convention varies between H32 and H34 depending on the length of the loop (this is because the Kabat numbering scheme places the insertions at H35A and H35B; if neither 35A nor 35B is present, the loop ends at 32; if only 35A is present, the loop ends at 33; if both 35A and 35B are present, the loop ends at 34).
  • the AbM hypervariable regions represent a compromise between the Kabat CDRs and Chothia structural loops, and are used by Oxford Molecular's AbM antibody modeling software.
  • the "contact" hypervariable regions are based on an analysis of the available complex crystal structures. The residues from each of these hypervariable regions are noted below.
  • IMGT ImMunoGeneTics
  • IG immunoglobulins
  • TR T cell receptors
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • Hypervariable regions may comprise "extended hypervariable regions” as follows: 24- 36 or 24-34 (LI), 46-56 or 50-56 (L2) and 89-97 or 89-96 (L3) in the VL and 26-35 or 26-35A (H1 ), 50-65 or 49-65 (H2) and 93-102, 94-1 02, or 95-102 (H3) in the VH.
  • the variable domain residues are 25 numbered according to Kabat et al., supra, for each of these definitions.
  • the terms "HVR” and "CDR" are used
  • constant region or “constant domain” refers to a carboxy terminal portion of the light and heavy chain which is not directly involved in binding of the antibody to antigen but exhibits various effector function, such as interaction with the Fc receptor.
  • the terms refer to the portion of an immunoglobulin molecule having a more conserved amino acid sequence relative to the other portion of the immunoglobulin, the variable domain, which contains the antigen binding site.
  • the constant domain contains the CH1 , CH2 and CH3 domains of the heavy chain and the CL domain of the light chain.
  • cycloalkyl means a monocyclic or polycyclic radical that contains only carbon and hydrogen, and includes those that are saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated. Cycloalkyl groups include groups having from 3 to 10 ring atoms.
  • derivative refers to a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an antibody that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide which has been altered by the introduction of amino acid residue substitutions, deletions or additions.
  • derivative also refers to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or an antibody that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide which has been chemically modified, e.g., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the polypeptide.
  • a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or a C10orf54 antibody may be chemically modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc.
  • the derivatives are modified in a manner that is different from naturally occurring or starting peptide or polypeptides, either in the type or location of the molecules attached. Derivatives further include deletion of one or more chemical groups which are naturally present on the peptide or polypeptide.
  • a derivative of a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or a C10orf54 antibody may be chemically modified by chemical modifications using techniques known to those of skill in the art, including, but not limited to specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Further, a derivative of a
  • C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or a C10orf54 antibody may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
  • a polypeptide derivative possesses a similar or identical function as a C10orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C10orf54 polypeptide, or a C10orf54 antibody described herein.
  • cytotoxic agent refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents the function of cells and/or has a cytotoxic effect on cells ⁇ e.g., causes destruction of cells).
  • the term is intended to include alkylating agents, an anthracyclines, a cytoskeletal disruptors (taxanes), an epothilones, an histone deacetylase Inhibitor (HDAC), an inhibitor of Topoisomerase I, an Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II, a kinase inhibitor, a monoclonal antibodies, a nucleotide analog, a peptide antibiotic, a platinum-based agent, a retinoids, a Vinca alkaloid or a derivative thereof, and radioisotope.
  • the term is also intended to include Actinomycin, all-trans retinoic acid, Azacitidine, Azathioprine, Bleomycin, Bortezomib
  • the term is also intended to include a tubulin stabilizer, a tubulin destabilizer, a DNA alkylator, a DNA minor groove binder, a DNA intercalator, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a gyrase inhibitor, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a proteosome inhibitor, and an anti-metabolite.
  • the term is also intended to include Actinomycin D, Amonafide, an auristatin, benzophenone, benzothiazole, a calicheamicin, Camptothecin, CC-1065 (NSC 298223), Cemadotin, Colchicine, Combretastatin A4, Dolastatin, Doxorubicin, Elinafide, Emtansine (DM1 ), Etoposide, KF-12347 (Leinamycin), a maytansinoid, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone, Nocodazole, Proteosome Inhibitor 1 (PSI 1 ), Roridin A, T-2 Toxin (trichothecene analog), Taxol, a tubulysin, Velcade®, and Vincristine.
  • Actinomycin D Amonafide
  • an auristatin benzophenone
  • benzothiazole a calicheamicin
  • Camptothecin CC
  • Preferred cytotoxins include an auristatin, a calicheamicin, a maytansinoid, and a tubulysin.
  • Other preferred cytotoxins include monomethylauristatin E, monomethylauristatin F, calicheamicin ⁇ , mertansine, tubulysin T3, and tubulysin T4, the structures for which are provided below:
  • cytotoxic agents including various antitumor or anticancer agents are known in the art.
  • detectable probe refers to a composition that provides a detectable signal.
  • the term includes, without limitation, any fluorophore,
  • a diagnostic agent refers to a substance administered to a subject that aids in the diagnosis of a disease. Such substances can be used to reveal, pinpoint, and/or define the localization of a disease causing process.
  • a diagnostic agent includes a substance that is conjugated to an antibody provided herein, that when administered to a subject or contacted to a sample from a subject aids in the diagnosis of cancer, tumor formation, or any other C10orf54-mediated disease.
  • detectable agent refers to a substance that can be used to ascertain the existence or presence of a desired molecule, such as an antibody provided herein, in a sample or subject.
  • a detectable agent can be a substance that is capable of being visualized or a substance that is otherwise able to be determined and/or measured (e.g., by quantitation).
  • an “effective amount” is an amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results.
  • An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations, applications or dosages. Such delivery is dependent on a number of variables including the time period for which the individual dosage unit is to be used, the bioavailability of the agent, the route of administration, etc.
  • effective amount also refers to the amount of an antibody provided herein to achieve a specified result ⁇ e.g., inhibition of a C10orf54 biological activity of a cell, such as modulating T cell activation and/or proliferation).
  • this term refers to the amount of a therapy ⁇ e.g., an antibody or pharmaceutical composition provided herein) which is sufficient to reduce and/or ameliorate the severity and/or duration of a given disease and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • This term also encompasses an amount necessary for the reduction or amelioration of the advancement or progression of a given disease, reduction or amelioration of the recurrence, development or onset of a given disease, and/or to improve or enhance the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy ⁇ e.g., a therapy other than anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein).
  • the effective amount of an antibody is from about 0.1 mg/kg (mg of antibody per kg weight of the subject) to about 100 mg/kg.
  • an effective amount of an antibody provided therein is about 0.1 mg/kg, about 0.5 mg/kg, about 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, about 10 mg/kg, about 15 mg/kg, about 20 mg/kg, about 25 mg/kg, about 30 mg/kg, about 35 mg/kg, about 40 mg/kg, about 45 mg/kg, about 50 mg/kg, about 60 mg/kg, about 70 mg/kg, about 80 mg/kg about 90 mg/kg or about 100 mg/kg (or a range therein).
  • electrophilic leaving group refers to a leaving group that accepts an electron pair to make a covalent bond.
  • electrophiles are susceptible to attack by complementary nucleophiles, including the reduced thiols from the disulfide bond of an antibody.
  • electrophilic leaving group that reacts selectively with thiols refers to electrophilic leaving group that reacts selectively with thiols, over other nucleophiles.
  • an electrophilic leaving group that reacts selectively with thiols reacts selectively with the reduced thiols from the disulfide bond of an antibody.
  • encode or grammatical equivalents thereof as it is used in reference to nucleic acid molecule refers to a nucleic acid molecule in its native state or when manipulated by methods well known to those skilled in the art that can be transcribed to produce mRNA, which is then translated into a polypeptide and/or a fragment thereof.
  • the antisense strand is the complement of such a nucleic acid molecule, and the encoding sequence can be deduced therefrom.
  • epitope refers to a localized region on the surface of an antigen, such as C10orf54 polypeptide or C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, that is capable of being bound to one or more antigen binding regions of an antibody, and that has antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, such as a mammal ⁇ e.g., a human), that is capable of eliciting an immune response.
  • An epitope having immunogenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide that elicits an antibody response in an animal.
  • An epitope having antigenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide to which an antibody binds as determined by any method well known in the art, for example, by an immunoassay. Antigenic epitopes need not necessarily be immunogenic.
  • Epitopes usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and have specific three dimensional structural characteristics as well as specific charge characteristics.
  • a region of a polypeptide contributing to an epitope may be contiguous amino acids of the polypeptide or the epitope may come together from two or more non-contiguous regions of the
  • the epitope may or may not be a three-dimensional surface feature of the antigen.
  • a C10orf54 epitope is a three-dimensional surface feature of a C10orf54 polypeptide.
  • a C10orf54 epitope is linear feature of a C10orf54 polypeptide.
  • an antigen has several or many different epitopes and reacts with many different antibodies.
  • excipient refers to an inert substance which is commonly used as a diluent, vehicle, preservative, binder, or stabilizing agent, and includes, but not limited to, proteins (e.g., serum albumin, etc.), amino acids (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, glycine, histidine, etc.), fatty acids and phospholipids (e.g., alkyl sulfonates, caprylate, etc.), surfactants (e.g., SDS, polysorbate, nonionic surfactant, etc.), saccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltose, trehalose, etc.) and polyols (e.g., mannitol, sorbitol, etc.). See, also, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • fragment refers to a peptide or polypeptide that comprises less than the full length amino acid sequence. Such a fragment may arise, for example, from a truncation at the amino terminus, a truncation at the carboxy terminus, and/or an internal deletion of a residue(s) from the amino acid sequence. Fragments may, for example, result from alternative RNA splicing or from in vivo protease activity.
  • C10orf54 fragments include polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequence of at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 10 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 15 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 20 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 25 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 40 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 50 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 60 contiguous amino residues, at least 70 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 80 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 90 contiguous amino acid residues, at least contiguous 100 amino acid residues, at least 125 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 150 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 175 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 200 contiguous amino acid residues, or at least 250 contiguous amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of a C10orf54 polypeptide or an antibody that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide.
  • a specific embodiment a
  • FR residues are those variable domain residues flanking the CDRs. FR residues are present, e.g., in chimeric, humanized, human, domain antibodies, diabodies, linear antibodies, and bispecific antibodies. FR residues are those variable domain residues other than the hypervariable region residues herein defined.
  • a "functional fragment" of an antibody will exhibit at least one if not some or all of the biological functions attributed to the intact antibody, the function comprising at least specific binding to the target antigen.
  • fusion protein refers to a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of an antibody and an amino acid sequence of a heterologous polypeptide or protein (e.g., a polypeptide or protein not normally a part of the antibody ⁇ e.g., a non-anti-C10orf54 antigen antibody)).
  • fusion when used in relation to C10orf54 or to an anti-C10orf54 antibody refers to the joining of a peptide or polypeptide, or fragment, variant and/or derivative thereof, with a heterologous peptide or polypeptide.
  • the fusion protein retains the biological activity of the C10orf54 or anti-C10orf54 antibody.
  • the fusion protein comprises a C10orf54 antibody VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR (one, two or three VH CDRs), and/or VL CDR (one, two or three VL CDRs), wherein the fusion protein binds to a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the term "heavy chain” when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptide chain of about 50-70 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of about 120 to 130 or more amino acids and a carboxy-terminal portion that includes a constant region.
  • the constant region can be one of five distinct types, referred to as alpha (a), delta ( ⁇ ), epsilon ( ⁇ ), gamma ( ⁇ ) and mu ( ⁇ ), based on the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain constant region.
  • the distinct heavy chains differ in size: ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ contain approximately 450 amino acids, while ⁇ and ⁇ contain approximately 550 amino acids.
  • a heavy chain can be a human heavy chain.
  • host refers to an animal, such as a mammal ⁇ e.g., a human).
  • host cell refers to the particular subject cell transfected with a nucleic acid molecule and the progeny or potential progeny of such a cell. Progeny of such a cell may not be identical to the parent cell transfected with the nucleic acid molecule due to mutations or environmental influences that may occur in succeeding generations or integration of the nucleic acid molecule into the host cell genome.
  • “Humanized” forms of nonhuman ⁇ e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric antibodies that include human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which the native CDR residues are replaced by residues from the corresponding CDR of a nonhuman species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat, rabbit or nonhuman primate having the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity. In some instances, one or more FR region residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding nonhuman residues.
  • humanized antibodies can comprise residues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These modifications are made to further refine antibody performance.
  • a humanized antibody heavy or light chain can comprise substantially all of at least one or more variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDRs correspond to those of a nonhuman
  • immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of a human
  • the humanized antibody will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin.
  • Fc immunoglobulin constant region
  • an antibody that "inhibits the growth of and/or kills cells expressing C10orf54" or a “growth inhibitory” or “cytotoxic” antibody is one which results in measurable growth inhibition and/or killing of cells expressing or overexpressing the appropriate C10orf54 polypeptide. In some embodiments, such antibodies can inhibit the growth of and/or kill cells expressing C10orf54.
  • Such cells include regulatory T cells (e.g., a CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells), a myeloid-derived suppressor cells (e.g., a CD1 1 b+ or CD1 1 bhigh myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and/or a suppressive dendritic cells (e.g., a CD1 1 b+ or CD1 1 bhigh dendritic cells).
  • regulatory T cells e.g., a CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
  • a myeloid-derived suppressor cells e.g., a CD1 1 b+ or CD1 1 bhigh myeloid-derived suppressor cells
  • a suppressive dendritic cells e.g., a CD1 1 b+ or CD1 1 bhigh dendritic cells.
  • antibodies inhibit the growth of and/or kill a cancer cell, a pre-cancerous cell, or a cell comprising a tumor.
  • Certain growth inhibitory anti-C10orf54 antibodies inhibit growth of and/or kill C10orf54-expressing cells by greater than 20%, such as from about 20% to about 50%, or by greater than 50% (e.g., from about 50% to about 100%) as compared to the appropriate control, the control typically being cells not treated with the antibody being tested.
  • growth inhibition and/or killing can be measured at an antibody concentration of about 0.1 to 30 g/ml or about 0.5 nM to 200 nM in cell culture, where the growth inhibition is determined 1 -10 days after exposure of the tumor cells to the antibody. Growth inhibition and/or killing of cells in vivo can be determined in various ways such as is described below.
  • the antibody is growth inhibitory or kills in vivo if administration of the anti-C10orf54 antibody at about 1 g/kg to about 100 mg/kg body weight results in reduction in tumor size or tumor cell proliferation within about 5 days to 3 months from the first administration of the antibody, such as within about 5 to 30 days.
  • the term "in combination" in the context of the administration of other therapies refers to the use of more than one therapy.
  • the use of the term “in combination” does not restrict the order in which therapies are administered to a subject with an infection.
  • a first therapy can be administered before ⁇ e.g., 1 minute, 45 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks), concurrently, or after ⁇ e.g., 1 minute, 45 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks) the administration of a second therapy to a subject which had, has, or is susceptible to a C10orf54-mediated disease. Any additional therapy can be administered in any order with
  • the antibodies can be administered in combination with one or more therapies ⁇ e.g., therapies that are not the antibodies that are currently administered to prevent, treat, manage, and/or ameliorate a C10orf54-mediated disease.
  • therapies that can be administered in combination with an antibody include analgesic agents, anesthetic agents, antibiotics, or immunomodulatory agents or any other agent listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and/or Physician's Desk
  • An antibody that "induces cell death” is one that causes a viable cell to become nonviable.
  • the cell is of a cell type that specifically expresses or overexpresses a C10orf54 polypeptide.
  • the cell may be cancerous or a normal cell of the particular cell type, such as a regulatory T cell.
  • Cell death in vitro may be determined in the absence of complement and immune effector cells to distinguish cell death induced by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  • CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
  • the assay for cell death may be performed using heat inactivated serum ⁇ e.g., in the absence of complement) and in the absence of immune effector cells.
  • cell death-inducing antibodies are those which induce PI uptake in the PI uptake assay in C10orf54 expressing cells.
  • an “isolated” antibody is substantially free of cellular material or other contaminating proteins from the cell or tissue source and/or other contaminant components from which the antibody is derived, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized.
  • the language “substantially free of cellular material” includes preparations of an antibody in which the antibody is separated from cellular components of the cells from which it is isolated or recombinantly produced.
  • an antibody that is substantially free of cellular material includes preparations of antibody having less than about 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% (by dry weight) of
  • heterologous protein also referred to herein as a "contaminating protein”
  • the antibody when the antibody is recombinantly produced, it is substantially free of culture medium, e.g., culture medium represents less than about 20%, 10%, or 5% of the volume of the protein preparation.
  • culture medium represents less than about 20%, 10%, or 5% of the volume of the protein preparation.
  • the antibody when the antibody is produced by chemical synthesis, it is substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals, e.g., it is separated from chemical precursors or other chemicals which are involved in the synthesis of the protein. Accordingly such preparations of the antibody have less than about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% (by dry weight) of chemical precursors or compounds other than the antibody of interest. Contaminant
  • the antibody will be purified (1 ) to greater than 95% by weight of antibody as determined by the Lowry method (Lowry et al. J. Bio. Chem. 193: 265-275, 1951 ), such as 99% by weight, (2) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (3) to homogeneity by SDS- PAGE under reducing or nonreducing conditions using Coomassie blue or,
  • Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within
  • isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step.
  • antibodies provided herein are isolated An "isolated" nucleic acid molecule is one which is separated from other nucleic acid molecules which are present in the natural source of the nucleic acid molecule.
  • an "isolated" nucleic acid molecule such as a cDNA molecule, can be substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized.
  • a nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding an antibody provided herein is isolated or purified.
  • leaving group refers to any group that leaves in the course of a chemical reaction involving the group as described herein and includes but is not limited to halogen, sulfonates (brosylate, mesylate, tosylate triflate etc ...), p-nitrobenzoate and phosphonate groups, for example.
  • light chain when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptide chain of about 25 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of about 100 to about 1 10 or more amino acids and a carboxy-terminal portion that includes a constant region.
  • the approximate length of a light chain is 21 1 to 217 amino acids.
  • Light chain amino acid sequences are well known in the art.
  • a light chain can be a human light chain.
  • a “linker” (noted as L or L 1 , L 2 and L 3 ) is a molecule with two reactive termini, one for conjugation to an antibody or to another linker and the other for conjugation to a cytotoxin.
  • the antibody conjugation reactive terminus of the linker is typically a site that is capable of conjugation to the antibody through a cysteine thiol or lysine amine group on the antibody, and so is typically a thiol-reactive group such as a double bond (as in maleimide) or a leaving group such as a chloro, bromo or iodo or an R- sulfanyl group or sulfonyl group, or an amine-reactive group such as a carboxyl group or as defined herein; while the antibody conjugation reactive terminus of the linker is typically a site that is capable of conjugation to the cytotoxin through formation of an amide bond with a basic amine or carboxyl group on the cytot
  • linker when the term "linker" is used in describing the linker in conjugated form, one or both of the reactive termini will be absent (such as the leaving group of the thiol-reactive group) or incomplete (such as the being only the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid) because of the formation of the bonds between the linker and/or the cytotoxin.
  • the linkers disclosed herein may be deavable under normal physiological and/or intracellular conditions, or may remain stable ⁇ e.g., uncleaved or non-cleavable) under those same conditions.
  • deavable linkers are linkers which contain dipeptide moieties, where the peptide bond connecting the two peptides has the potential to be selectively cleaved by lysosomal proteases ⁇ e.g., cathepsin-B).
  • Valine-citruline (Val-Cit) is a dipeptide moiety commonly used in deavable linkers.
  • the terms “manage,” “managing,” and “management” refer to the beneficial effects that a subject derives from a therapy ⁇ e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent), which does not result in a cure of the disease.
  • a subject is administered one or more therapies ⁇ e.g., prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided herein) to "manage” a C10orf54- mediated disease, one or more symptoms thereof, so as to prevent the progression or worsening of the disease.
  • therapies ⁇ e.g., prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided herein
  • the term “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody obtained from a population of homogenous or substantially homogeneous antibodies, and each monoclonal antibody will typically recognize a single epitope on the antigen.
  • a "monoclonal antibody,” as used herein, is an antibody produced by a single hybridoma or other cell, wherein the antibody binds to only a C10orf54 epitope as determined, e.g., by ELISA or other antigen-binding or competitive binding assay known in the art.
  • the term "monoclonal” is not limited to any particular method for making the antibody.
  • monoclonal antibodies provided herein may be made by the hybridoma method as described in Kohler et al.; Nature, 256:495 (1975) or may be isolated from phage libraries using the techniques.
  • Polyclonal antibodies refers to an antibody population generated in an immunogenic response to a protein having many epitopes and thus includes a variety of different antibodies directed to the same and to different epitopes within the protein. Methods for producing polyclonal antibodies are known in the art (See, e.g., see, for example, Chapter 1 1 in: Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, (2002) 5th Ed., Ausubel et ai, eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York).
  • nucleic acid nucleic acid molecule
  • polynucleotide As used herein, the term “polynucleotide,” “nucleotide,” nucleic acid” “nucleic acid molecule” and other similar terms are used interchangeable and include DNA, RNA, mRNA and the like.
  • pre-cancerous cell refers to a cell that has an abnormal appearance such as a difference in size or shape in comparison to cells of the surrounding tissue or normal cells of its cell type, but are not invasive. The appearance of pre-cancerous cells can be suggestive of an increased cancer risk.
  • Pre-cancerous cells expressing C10orf54 can be identified using methods disclosed herein, which can include analyzing a sample of cells from a patient.
  • the terms “prevent,” “preventing,” and “prevention” refer to the total or partial inhibition of the development, recurrence, onset or spread of a C10orf54- mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto, resulting from the administration of a therapy or combination of therapies provided herein ⁇ e.g., a combination of prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided herein).
  • the term “prophylactic agent” refers to any agent that can totally or partially inhibit the development, recurrence, onset or spread of a C10orf54-mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto in a subject.
  • the term “prophylactic agent” refers to an anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein. In certain other embodiments, the term “prophylactic agent” refers to an agent other than an anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein. In certain embodiments, a
  • prophylactic agent is an agent which is known to be useful to or has been or is currently being used to prevent a C10orf54-mediated disease and/or a symptom related thereto or impede the onset, development, progression and/or severity of a C10orf54-mediated disease and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • the prophylactic agent is a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody, such as a humanized anti-C10orf54 monoclonal antibody.
  • a "prophylactically effective serum titer” is the serum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that totally or partially inhibits the development, recurrence, onset or spread of a C10orf54-mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto in the subject.
  • the term "recombinant antibody” refers to an antibody that is prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means. Recombinant antibodies can be antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell, antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial antibody library, antibodies isolated from an animal ⁇ e.g., a mouse or cow) that is transgenic and/or
  • transchromosomal for human immunoglobulin genes see e.g., Taylor, L. D. et al.
  • such recombinant antibodies are subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or, when an animal transgenic for human Ig sequences is used, in vivo somatic mutagenesis) and thus the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germline VH and VL sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo.
  • serum titer refers to an average serum titer in a population of least 10, such as at least 20, or at least 40 subjects, up to about 100, 1000 or more.
  • side effects encompasses unwanted and adverse effects of a therapy ⁇ e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent). Unwanted effects are not necessarily adverse. An adverse effect from a therapy ⁇ e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) might be harmful or uncomfortable or risky.
  • side effects include, diarrhea, cough, gastroenteritis, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramping, fever, pain, loss of body weight, dehydration, alopecia, dyspenea, insomnia, dizziness, mucositis, nerve and muscle effects, fatigue, dry mouth, and loss of appetite, rashes or swellings at the site of
  • a subject is a mammal, such as a non-primate ⁇ e.g., cows, pigs, horses, cats, dogs, rats, etc.) or a primate ⁇ e.g., monkey and human).
  • the subject is a human.
  • the subject is a mammal ⁇ e.g., a human) having a C10orf54-mediated disease.
  • the subject is a mammal ⁇ e.g., a human) at risk of developing a mammal
  • C10orf54-mediated disease As used herein “substantially all” refers to refers to at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100%.
  • a therapeutic agent refers to any agent that can be used in treating, preventing or alleviating a disease, disorder or condition, including in the treatment, prevention or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a C10orf54-mediated disease, disorder, or condition and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • a therapeutic agent refers to an antibody provided herein.
  • a therapeutic agent refers to an agent other than an antibody provided herein.
  • a therapeutic agent is an agent which is known to be useful for, or has been or is currently being used for the treatment, prevention or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a C10orf54-mediated disease, disorder, condition, or a symptom related thereto.
  • the combination of therapies e.g., use of therapeutic agents
  • synergistic effect of a combination of therapeutic agents permits the use of lower dosages of one or more of the agents and/or less frequent administration of the agents to a subject with a C10orf54-mediated disease.
  • the ability to utilize lower dosages of therapeutic therapies and/or to administer the therapies less frequently reduces the toxicity associated with the administration of the therapies to a subject without reducing the efficacy of the therapies in the prevention, treatment or alleviation of one or more symptom of a C10orf54-mediated disease.
  • a synergistic effect can result in improved efficacy of therapies in the prevention, treatment or alleviation of one or more symptom of a C10orf54-mediated disease.
  • synergistic effect of a combination of therapies ⁇ e.g., therapeutic agents may avoid or reduce adverse or unwanted side effects associated with the use of any single therapy.
  • therapeutically effective amount refers to the amount of a therapeutic agent ⁇ e.g., an antibody provided herein or any other therapeutic agent provided herein) that is sufficient to reduce and/or ameliorate the severity and/or duration of a given disease and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent can be an amount necessary for the reduction or amelioration of the advancement or progression of a given disease, reduction or amelioration of the recurrence, development or onset of a given disease, and/or to improve or enhance the prophylactic or therapeutic effect of another therapy ⁇ e.g., a therapy other than the administration of an antibody provided herein).
  • a "therapeutically effective serum titer” is the serum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that reduces the severity, the duration and/or the symptoms associated with a C10orf54-mediated disease in the subject.
  • the term “therapy” refers to any protocol, method and/or agent that can be used in the prevention, management, treatment and/or amelioration of a C10orf54-mediated disease.
  • the terms “therapies” and “therapy” refer to a biological therapy, supportive therapy, and/or other therapies useful in the prevention, management, treatment and/or amelioration of a C10orf54- mediated disease known to one of skill in the art such as medical personnel.
  • thiol refers to the radical -SH.
  • the terms “treat,” “treatment” and “treating” refer to the reduction or amelioration of the progression, severity, and/or duration of a C10orf54-mediated disease resulting from the administration of one or more therapies (including, but not limited to, the administration of one or more therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided herein).
  • such terms refer to the reduction or inhibition of cancer or tumor formation.
  • such term refers to the reduction or amelioration of the progression, severity and/or duration of graft-versus-host disease.
  • such terms refer to the reduction or amelioration of the progression, severity, and/or duration of a disease that is responsive to immune modulation, such modulation resulting from increasing T cell activation, increasing T cell proliferation or increasing cytokine production.
  • Tubulysin includes both the natural products described as tubulysins, such as by Sasse et al. and other authors mentioned in the Description of the related art, and also the tubulysin analogs described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 201 1 /0021568 A1 .
  • Tubulysins disclosed in the present application are noted herein and may include the tubulysins of the formulae T3 and T4, and other tubulysins where the terminal /V-methylpiperidine has been replaced by an unsubstituted piperidine, allowing amide bond formation with a linker.
  • variable domain refers to a portion of the light or heavy chains of an antibody that is generally located at the amino-terminal of the light or heavy chain and has a length of about 120 to 130 amino acids in the heavy chain and about 100 to 1 10 amino acids in the light chain, and are used in the binding and specificity of each particular antibody for its particular antigen.
  • the variable domains differ extensively in sequence between different antibodies. The variability in sequence is concentrated in the CDRs while the less variable portions in the variable domain are referred to as framework regions (FR).
  • FR framework regions
  • the CDRs of the light and heavy chains are primarily responsible for the interaction of the antibody with antigen.
  • the variable region is a human variable region.
  • variable domain residue numbering as in Kabat or "amino acid position numbering as in Kabat”, and variations thereof, refers to the numbering system used for heavy chain variable domains or light chain variable domains of the compilation of antibodies in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991 ). Using this numbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence may contain fewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, or insertion into, a FR or CDR of the variable domain.
  • a heavy chain variable domain may include a single amino acid insert (residue 52a according to Kabat) after residue 52 of H2 and inserted residues (e.g. residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc, according to Kabat) after heavy chain FR residue 82.
  • residue 52a residue 52 of H2
  • residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc, according to Kabat residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc, according to Kabat
  • the Kabat numbering of residues may be
  • the Kabat numbering system is generally used when referring to a residue in the variable domain
  • immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region e.g., the EU index reported in Kabat et al., supra.
  • the "EU index as in Kabat” refers to the residue numbering of the human IgG 1 EU antibody.
  • references to residue numbers in the variable domain of antibodies means residue numbering by the Kabat numbering system.
  • Other numbering systems have been described, including, for example, by AbM, Chothia, Contact and IMGT. Various numbering systems are illustrated in FIG. 16A and 16B.
  • variant when used in relation to C10orf54 or to an anti-C10orf54 antibody refers to a peptide or polypeptide comprising one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) amino acid sequence substitutions, deletions, and/or additions as compared to a native or unmodified sequence.
  • a C10orf54 variant may result from one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of native C10orf54.
  • a variant of an anti-C10orf54 antibody may result from one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of a native or previously unmodified anti-C10orf54 antibody.
  • Variants may be naturally occurring, such as allelic or splice variants, or may be artificially constructed.
  • Polypeptide variants may be prepared from the corresponding nucleic acid molecules encoding the variants.
  • the C10orf54 variant or anti-C10orf54 antibody variant at least retains C10orf54 or anti-C10orf54 antibody functional activity, respectively.
  • an anti-C10orf54 antibody variant binds C10orf54 and/or is
  • an anti-C10orf54 antibody variant binds C10orf54 and/or is agonistic to C10orf54 activity.
  • the variant is encoded by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant of a nucleic acid molecule that encodes C10orf54 or anti-C10orf54 antibody VH or VL regions or subregions.
  • SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
  • vector refers to a substance that is used to introduce a nucleic acid molecule into a host cell.
  • Vectors applicable for use include, for example, expression vectors, plasmids, phage vectors, viral vectors, episomes and artificial chromosomes, which can include selection sequences or markers operable for stable integration into a host cell's chromosome. Additionally, the vectors can include one or more selectable marker genes and appropriate expression control sequences. Selectable marker genes that can be included, for example, provide resistance to antibiotics or toxins, complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or supply critical nutrients not in the culture media. Expression control sequences can include constitutive and inducible promoters, transcription enhancers, transcription terminators, and the like which are well known in the art. When two or more nucleic acid molecules are to be co- expressed (e.g. both an antibody heavy and light chain), both nucleic acid molecules can be inserted, for example, into a single expression vector or in separate
  • nucleic acid molecules can be operationally linked to one common expression control sequence or linked to different expression control sequences, such as one inducible promoter and one constitutive promoter.
  • introduction of nucleic acid molecules into a host cell can be confirmed using methods well known in the art. Such methods include, for example, nucleic acid analysis such as Northern blots or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mRNA, or immunoblotting for expression of gene products, or other suitable analytical methods to test the expression of an introduced nucleic acid sequence or its corresponding gene product.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the nucleic acid molecule is expressed in a sufficient amount to produce the desired product (e.g. an anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein), and it is further understood that expression levels can be optimized to obtain sufficient expression using methods well known in the art.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1 B shows the protein expression level of C10orf54 that was identified and quantified by sTAg analysis in AML and BMMC samples and relevant control .
  • FIG. 2 shows FACS analysis of 23 primary AML-BM-MNC and 3 normal BM-MNC samples using anti-C10orf54 antibody 76E1 .
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody 76E1 VH region. SEQ ID NOS: 1 , 7, 8, 12-15 and 82 are depicted.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody 141 A VH region. SEQ ID NOS: 2, 7, 8, 16-19 and 82 are depicted.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody 175A VH region. SEQ ID NOS: 3, 7, 8, 20-23 and 82 are depicted.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody 76E1 VL region. SEQ ID NOS: 4, 9, 10, 24, 25 and 94 are depicted.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody 141 A VL region. SEQ ID NOS: 5, 10, 1 1 , 26, 27 and 94 are depicted.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody 175A VL region. SEQ ID NOS: 6, 9, 10, 28, 29 and 94 are depicted.
  • FIG. 9 shows pseudo-sequences of VH and VL domains of murine monoclonal antibodies 76E1 , 141 A and 175A (SEQ ID NOS: 1 143-1 148). CDRs are identified in bold.
  • FIG. 10 shows anti-C10orf54 antibody treatment induces strong tumor growth inhibition in established Kasumi-3 tumors.
  • FIG. 11 shows murine 175A anti-C10orf54 antibody treatment induces strong tumor growth inhibition in established Kasumi-3 tumors.
  • FIG. 12 shows results of a secondary ADC assay using anti-C10orf54 antibodies in a cell viability assay with C10orf54 expressing sarcoma line.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 show activity of unconjugated and MMAF conjugated anti-C10orf54 antibodies in a cell viability assay using C10orf54 expressing sarcoma lines and parental sarcoma line.
  • FIG. 15 shows results of treatment with unconjugated and MMAF conjugated anti- C10orf54 antibodies in a tumor model using a C10orf54 expressing sarcoma line and parental sarcoma line.
  • FIG. 16A and 16B shows a sequence alignment of the variable heavy chains and variable light chains of the anti-C10orf54 murine antibodies designated 76E1 , 141 A and 175A (SEQ ID NOS:1 -6). Boundaries of CDR's are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact and IMGT numbering.
  • FIG. 16A and 16B shows a sequence alignment of the variable heavy chains and variable light chains of the anti-C10orf54 murine antibodies designated 76E1 , 141 A and 175A (SEQ ID NOS:1 -6). Boundaries of CDR's are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact and IMGT numbering.
  • FIG. 16A and 16B shows a sequence alignment of the variable heavy chains and variable light chains of the anti-C10orf54 murine antibodies designated 76E1 , 141 A and 175A (SEQ ID NOS:1 -6). Boundaries of CDR's are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Cho
  • 17A and 17B shows a sequence alignment of the variable heavy chains and variable light chains of exemplary humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies designated hu76E1 , hu141A and hu175A (SEQ ID NOS: 1 135-1 137 for heavy chains; SEQ ID NOS: 1 139-1 141 for light chains) and the corresponding consensus sequences between hu76E1 and hu175A (SEQ ID NO: 1 138 for the heavy chain; SEQ ID NO: 1 142 for the light chain). Residues indicated just below that alignment indicate specific residues that can be varied at the above "X" position in the consensus sequence.
  • antibodies that bind to C10orf54 including a C10orf54
  • Such antibodies include humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies) provided herein can also be conjugated or recombinantly fused to a diagnostic agent, detectable agent or therapeutic agent (e.g., antibody-drug conjugate).
  • compositions comprising an anti-C10orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody).
  • a detectable agent may be a detectable probe.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a VH chain, VL chain, VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of anti-C10orf54 antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • vectors and host cells comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding anti-C10orf54 antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • methods of making antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, or a C10orf54 epitope are also provided herein.
  • Methods of using the anti-C10orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies
  • Methods include treating, preventing or alleviating a disease, disorder or condition, including one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder or condition, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti- C10orf54 antibody, including an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti- C10orf54 antibody, provided herein to a subject, thereby treating, preventing or alleviating the disease, disorder or condition, including one or more symptoms of the disease, disorder or condition.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies are humanized antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54
  • the disease, disorder or condition is caused by or otherwise associated with C10orf54, including by or associated with C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T regs)).
  • C10orf54-expressing cells e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T regs)).
  • the disease is a cancer, such as a leukemia, a bladder cancer or a fibrosarcoma.
  • the leukemia is an acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • the disease is graft-versus- host disease (GVHD).
  • Additional methods provided include using an anti-C10orf54 antibody with C10orf54 binding activity for C10orf54-expressing cells, provided herein, for example, as an unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody (ADC), including to inhibit and/or kill the C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., with anti-tumor activity to mediate an anti-tumor effect).
  • ADC unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies, including ADCs comprising the anti-C10orf54 antibodies, provided herein inhibit C10orf54-nnediated suppressor activity on T cells (e.g., to allow an effective anti-tumor immune response).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., C10orf54-bearing tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells
  • C10orf54-expressing cells e.g., C10orf54-bearing tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells
  • antibody drug conjugates comprising anti- C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54-expressing cells including by binding to cells expressing C10orf54 (e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and/or regulatory T cells (T regs)), for example, by allowing internalization of the cytotoxic drug.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the methods include methods of inhibiting the growth of cells and/or killing cells having cell surface expression of C10orf54 comprising contacting the cells with an effective amount of an anti-C10orf54 antibody or antibody-drug conjugates provided herein.
  • the cell is a regulatory T cell ⁇ e.g., a CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cell).
  • the cell is a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (e.g., a CD1 1 b + or CD1 1 b high myeloid-derived suppressor cell) or a suppressive dendritic cell (e.g., a CD1 1 b + or CD1 1 b high dendritic cell).
  • the cell is a cancerous or pre-cancerous cell. Additional methods provided include using an anti-C10orf54 antibody with C10orf54 binding activity for C10orf54-expressing cells provided herein, for example, as an unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody (ADC) including to inhibit and/or kill C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., with anti-tumor activity to mediate an anti-tumor effect).
  • ADC unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody
  • the anti- C10orf54 antibodies, including ADCs comprising the anti-C10orf54 antibodies, provided herein inhibit C10orf54-mediated suppressor activity on T cells ⁇ e.g., to allow an effective anti-tumor immune response).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54-expressing cells (e.g., C10orf54- bearing tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T regs)), for example, via antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)
  • ADCs antibody drug conjugates comprising anti- C10orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C10orf54-expressing cells including by binding to cells expressing C10orf54 (e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and/or regulatory T cells (T regs)), for example, by allowing internalization of the cytotoxic drug.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that
  • polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the methods include methods of modulating an immune response in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody) provided herein to a subject.
  • an anti-C10orf54 antibody e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody
  • the modulating comprises increasing T cell activation.
  • the modulating comprises increasing T cell proliferation.
  • the modulating comprises increasing cytokine production.
  • the methods include methods for detecting C10orf54 in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-
  • C10orf54 antibody provided herein, such as an antibody that comprises a detectible agent.
  • the sample comprises a cell expressing C10orf54 on its surface.
  • the methods include methods of treating cancers comprising administering to a subject an anti-C10orf54 antibody or an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti-C10orf54 (e.g., an ADC of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is the antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxic agent) in a therapeutically effective amount, including in an amount effective to kill a C10orf54-expressing cell (e.g., tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cell (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cell (T reg)).
  • a C10orf54-expressing cell e.g., tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cell (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cell (T reg)
  • the cancer is acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the methods include methods of killing C10orf54-expressing cells ⁇ e.g., tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cells (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cells (T reg)) comprising contacting a C10orf54-expressing cell (e.g., tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cell (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cell (T regs)) with an amount of an anti- C10orf54 antibody or an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti-C10orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., an ADC of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is the antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxic agent) effective to kill the cell ⁇ e.g., tumor cell, myeloid- derived suppressor cell (MDSC), suppressive dendritic cell (suppressive DC), and /or regulatory T cell (T reg
  • the tumor cell is an AML cell.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody can be a humanized anti- C10orf54 antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • kits comprising an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody) that binds to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, or a C10orf54 epitope provided herein.
  • the kits comprise an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) wherein the antibody is an anti-C10orf54 antibody (e.g., a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody).
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugate
  • antibodies that bind to C10orf54 including a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibodies are humanized antibodies that bind C10orf54, including to a C10orf54 polypeptide, a C10orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C10orf54 epitope.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of the murine monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A as depicted in Table 2 and
  • the VH domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 .
  • the VH domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the VH domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
  • the VL domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the VL domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5.
  • the VL domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 depicted in a human germline sequence identified in Table 3.
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 of the human germline IGHV1 -18 (SEQ ID NO:7) and IGHJ4-01 (SEQ ID NO: 82).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 of the human germline IGHV3-48 (SEQ ID NO:8) and IGHJ4-01 (SEQ ID NO: 82).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of the human germline IGKV2-28 (SEQ ID NO:9) and IGKJ2-1 (SEQ ID NO:94). In some embodiments, the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of the human germline IGKV1 -39 (SEQ ID NO:10) and IGKJ2-1 (SEQ ID NO:94).
  • the anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of the human germline IGKV3-20 (SEQ ID NO:10) and IGKJ2-1 (SEQ ID NO:94).
  • antibodies that bind to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprise a VH domain having an amino acid sequence identified in Table 4 or FIGS. 3-8 and/or a VL domain having an amino acid sequence identified in Table 4 or FIGS. 3-8.
  • Table 4 Humanized Antibody Amino Acid Sequences of VH and VL Domains
  • antibodies that bind to C10orf54 comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:20, 21 , 22 or 23 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28 or 29.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • antibodies that bind to C10orf54 comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:12, 13, 14 or 15 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24 or 25.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment,
  • C10orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
  • antibodies that bind to C10orf54 comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:16, 17, 18 or 19 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26 or 27.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • antibodies provided herein that bind to a C10orf54 eptitope comprise a VH region having a VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, and/or VH CDR3, that have an amino acid sequence indentified in Tables 5-7 below; and/or a VL region having VL CDR1 , VL CDR 2 and/or VL CDR3 that have an amino acid sequence identified in Tables 5-7 below.
  • Table 5 Amino Acid Sequences derived from Murine 175A Antibody.
  • RFTISADNAKNSLYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 145) RFTISADNAKNSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 146) RFTISRDTAKNSAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:147) RFTISRDTAKNSLYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:148) RFTISRDTAKNSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:149) RFTISRDNAKNSAYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 150) RFTISRDNAKNSAYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:151 ) RFTISRDNAKNSLYMQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:152) RATFSADNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:153) RATFS
  • RSSQSIVHSSGQTYLE SEQ ID NO:264
  • RSSQSIVHSAGATYLE SEQ ID NO:270
  • RSSQSIVHSAGDTYLE SEQ ID NO:271
  • RVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:53) RATMTTDTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:107) RVTLTTDTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:96) RVTMTVDTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:97) RVTMTTDKSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:98) RVTMTTDTSTSTAYM E LRS LRS D DTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:292) RATLTTDTSTSTAYM E LRS LRS D DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:293) RATMTVDTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:294) RATMTTDKSTSTAYME LRS LRS D DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:295) RATM TT DTST
  • RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:57) RATISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:327) RFTLSRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:328) RFTISVDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:329) RFTISRDKAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:330) RFTISRDNAKSSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:331 ) RFTISRDNAKNSAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:332) RFTISRDNAKNSLYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:333) RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:334)
  • RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:57) RATISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:327) RFTLSRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:328) RFTISVDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:329) RFTISRDKAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:330) RFTISRDNAKSSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:331 ) RFTISRDNAKNSAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:332) RFTISRDNAKNSLYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:333) RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:334)
  • RFTLSRDKAKNSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:536) RFTLSRDNAKSSAYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:537) RFTLSRDNAKSSAYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:538) RFTLSRDNAKSSAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:539) RFTLSRDNAKSSLYMQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:540) RFTLSRDNAKSSLYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:541 ) RFTLSRDNAKSSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:542) RFTLSRDNAKNSAYMQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:543) RFTLSRDNAKNSAYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:544) RFTLSRDNA
  • RATISVDKAKNSAYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:748) RATISVDKAKNSLYMQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAT (SEQ ID NO:749) RATISVDNAKSSAYMQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:750) RATI SV P N AKSS AYMQM N S L RAE PTAVYYCAT (SEQ IP NO:751 ) RATI SV P N AKSS AYLQLN S L RAE PTAVYYCAT (SEQ IP NO:752) RATISVPNAKSSLYMQLNSLRAEPTAVYYCAT (SEQ IP NO:753) RATISyPNAKNSAYMQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKSEQ IP NO:754) RAT I S R P KA KS S AYMQ L N S L R A E P T A VY YC A R (SEQ IP NO:755) RATISRPKAKSSAYMQMNSLRAE
  • RSSQSIVHSQGSTYLE (SEQ ID NO:261 )
  • RSSQSIVHSSGQTYLE SEQ ID NO:264
  • RSSQSIVHSAGATYLE SEQ ID NO:270
  • RSSQSIVHSAGDTYLE (SEQ ID NO:271 )
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYC SEQ ID N0:81 .
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQPEDFATYYC SEQ ID NO:285
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDLATYYC SEQ ID NO:286
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFGTYYC SEQ ID NO:287
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQPEDLATYYC SEQ ID NO:2808
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQPEDFGTYYC SEQ ID NO:289
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDLGTYYC SEQ ID NO:290
  • GVPSRFSGSGSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQPEDLGTYYC SEQ ID NO:291
  • Table 7 Amino Acid Sequences derived from Murine 141 A Antibody.
  • EILPGSGSTQYAQKFQG (SEQ ID NO:891 )
  • EILPGSGSTAYAQKFQG (SEQ ID NO:894)
  • RVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR SEQ ID NO:53
  • RVTFTTDTSTSTAYM E L RS L RS D DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:108)
  • RVTMTADTSTSTAYMELRSLRSDDTAVYYCAR SEQ ID NO: 109
  • RVTMTTDTNTSTAYM ELRSLRSD DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:859)
  • RVTFTADTSTSTAYM E L RS L RS D DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:1 1 1 )
  • RVTFTTDTNTSTAYM ELRSLRSD DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:863)
  • RVTMTADTNTSTAYM ELRSLRSD DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:865)
  • RVTMTTDTNTSTAYM E L RS L RS D DTAVYYCAG (SEQ ID NO:867)
  • RVTFTADTNTSTAYM ELRSLRSD DTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:873)
  • RVTFTADTSTSTAYM ELRSLRSD DTAVYYCAG (SEQ ID NO:874)
  • RVTFTTDTNTSTAYM ELRSLRSD DTAVYYCAG (SEQ ID NO:875)
  • RVTMTADTNTSTAYM E L RS L RS D DTAVYYCAG (SEQ ID NO:876)
  • RVTFTADTNTSTAYM ELRSLRSD DTAVYYCAG SEQ ID NO:881
  • VSS (SEQ ID NO:18)
  • EILPGSGSTNYQEKFKG (SEQ ID NO:851 )
  • RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:57) RATISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:125) RFTFSRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 126) RFTISADNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:127) RFTISRDTAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 128) RFTISRDNAKNSAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:129) RFTISRDNAKNSLYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 130) RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 131 ) RATFSRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:132) RAT
  • EILPGSGSTQYADSVKG (SEQ ID NO:1071 )
  • RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:57) RATISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:125) RFTFSRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 126) RFTISADNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:127) RFTISRDTAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 128) RFTISRDNAKNSAYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:129) RFTISRDNAKNSLYMQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 130) RFTISRDNAKNSLYLQLNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO: 131 ) RATFSRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAR (SEQ ID NO:132) RAT
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • the antibody comprises (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • an antibody provided herein is the to "bind to a C10orf54 epitope"
  • those antibodies also bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, polypeptide fragment, or antigen thereof.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:99; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:99; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 e.g., C10orf54
  • polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20.
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 .
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22.
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 ; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 .
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 ; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 .
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:321 ; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 .
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:321 ; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 .
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:835; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 .
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:835; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 .
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 e.g., C10orf54
  • polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 .
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12.
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13.
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14.
  • the antibody further comprises a VH region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1070; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1070; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • any anti-C10orf54 antibody having one or more CDR or framework sequence as described herein includes a CDR or framework amino acid sequence as determined using IMGT, Kabat, Chothia, Contact, AbM or Kabat plus Chothis.
  • exemplary CDR sequences for both VH and VL regions that can be included in an anti-C10orf54 antibody of the invention are depicted in Tables 8-10 for the [INSERT FULL NAMES OF CLONES] as disclosed in Tables 5-7.
  • Seq CDR1 (SEQ ID NO. 36) (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. 36)
  • Seq CDR1 TYLE SEQ ID NO. TYLE (SEQ ID NO. Y TYLE
  • VL KLSNRFS KLS KLSNRFS KLS LLIYKLSNRF KLSNRFS CDR2 SEQ ID NO. 46
  • SEQ ID NO. 46 SEQ ID NO. 46
  • SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. 46) SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. 46)
  • Exemplary CDR sequences encompass amino acids as determined by Kabat plus Chothia.
  • Seq CDR1 (SEQ ID NO.30) (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO.30)
  • Seq CDR1 TYLE SEQ ID NO. TYLE (SEQ ID NO. Y TYLE
  • VL KVSNRFS KVS KVSNRFS KVS LLIYKVSNRF KVSNRFS CDR2 SEQ ID NO.40
  • SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO.40) SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO.40)
  • VL FQGSHVPWT FQGSHVPWT FQGSHVPWT GSHVPW FQGSHVPW FQGSHVPWT CDR3 (SEQ ID NO.41) (SEQ ID NO.41) (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO.41)
  • CDR sequences encompass amino acids as determined by Kabat plus Chothia.
  • Seq CDR1 (SEQ ID NO. 33) (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. 33)
  • VL ATS N LAS ATS ATS N LAS ATS PWIYATSNLA ATS N LAS CDR2 (SEQ ID NO. 43) (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. 43) (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. (SEQ ID NO. 43)
  • an antibody that binds to a C10orf54 comprises a VH region
  • VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 30, 1099, 1 104, 1 105, 1 1 10, 33, 1 1 17, 1 122, 1 123 or 1 128
  • VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 31 , 1 100, 1 106, 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 16, 34, 1 1 18, 1 124, 1 129 or 1 134
  • VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, 1083, 1089, 1094, 32, 1 101 , 1 107, 1 1 12, 35, 1 1 19, 1 125 or 1 130.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1 102, 1 108, 1 1 13, 42, 1 120, 1 126 or 1 131 ; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, 1085, 1096, 40, 1 103, 1 1 14, 43, 1 121 and 1 132; and/or (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, 1091 , 1097, 41 , 1 109, 1 1 15, 44, 1 127 or 1 133.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 30, 1099, 1 104, 1 105, 1 1 10, 33, 1 1 17, 1 122, 1 123 or 1 128; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 31 , 1 100, 1 106, 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 16, 34, 1 1 18, 1 124, 1 129 or 1 134; and/or (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, 1083, 1089, 1094, 32, 1 101 , 1 107, 1 1 12, 35, 1 1 19, 1 125 or 1 130; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45, 1084, 1090
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1084; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1085; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1081 ; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1082; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1083; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1084; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1085; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1086; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1090; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1085; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1091 .
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1087; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1088; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1089; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1090; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1085; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1091 .
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region
  • VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1092
  • VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1093
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1095; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1096; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1097.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1092; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1093; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1094; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1095; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1096; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1097.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1098; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 102; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 103; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 .
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1099; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 100; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 101 ; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 102; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 103; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 .
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 .
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 104; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 ; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 .
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 108; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 103; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 109.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 105; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 106; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 107; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 108; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 103; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 109.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 13; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 14; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 15.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 10; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 1 ; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 12; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 13; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 14; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 15.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 .
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 16; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 .
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 120; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 121 ; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 17; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 18; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 1 19; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 120; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 121 ; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 122; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 126; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 121 ; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 127.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 123; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 124; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 125; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 126; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 121 ; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 127.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 131 ; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 132; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 133.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 128; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 129; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 130; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 131 ; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 132; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 133.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region
  • the antibody further comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44.
  • the antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 134; and (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44.
  • a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises one or more consensus sequences derived from related antibodies as depicted in FIG. 17A and 17B.
  • a "consensus sequence” refers to amino acid sequences having conserved amino acids common among a number of sequences and variable amino acids that vary within a given amino acid sequences.
  • the CDR consensus sequences provided include CDRs corresponding to CDRH1 , CDRH2, CDRH3, CDRL1 , CDRL2 and/or CDRL3. Consensus sequences of CDRs of anti-C10orf54 antibodies are shown in FIG. 17A and 17B. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VH region
  • a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of GYTFSXiX 2 WIE (SEQ ID NO: 1 149), wherein Xi is a R or T and X 2 is a Y or H; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of EILPGSGSTX 1 YNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 1 150), wherein Xi is a N or S; and/or (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of xxxxxxxxxXiX 2 Y (SEQ ID NO: 1 151 ), wherein x is any amino acid residue, Xi is a M or F, and X 2 is G or D.
  • a humanized anti-C10orf54 antibody comprises a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of
  • RSSQSIVHSNGNTYLE (SEQ ID NO: 45); (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of KX ⁇ NRFS (SEQ ID NO: 1 152), wherein Xi is a V or L; and/or (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of FQGSHXi PX 2 T (SEQ ID NO: 1 153), wherein Xi is V or F and X 2 is a W or Y.
  • a humanized anti- C10orf54 antibody comprises: (a) a VH region comprising: (1 ) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of GYTFSXiX 2 WIE (SEQ ID NO: 1 149), wherein X is a R or T and X 2 is a Y or H; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of
  • EILPGSGSTX 1 YNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 1 150), wherein Xi is a N or S; and/or (3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of xxxxxxxxxXiX 2 Y (SEQ ID NO: 1 151 ), wherein x is any amino acid residue, Xi is a M or F, and X 2 is G or D; and (b) a VL region comprising: (1 ) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence of
  • RSSQSIVHSNGNTYLE SEQ ID NO: 45
  • VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of KX 1 SNRFS (SEQ ID NO: 1 152), wherein Xi is a V or L
  • VL CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of FQGSHX! PX 2 T (SEQ ID NO: 1 153), wherein Xi is V or F and X 2 is a W or Y.
  • the antibodies provided herein comprise a VH region that comprises or consists of a VH domain. In other embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise a VH region that comprises or consists of a VH chain. In some embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise a VL region that comprises or consists of a VL domain. In other embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise a VL region that comprises or consists of a VL chain. In some embodiments, the antibodies provided herein have a combination of (i) a VH domain or VH chain; and/or (ii) a VL domain or VL chain.
  • an antibody provided herein comprises or consists six CDRs, for example, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 5-10. In certain embodiments, an antibody provided herein can comprise less than six CDRs. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3.
  • the antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of the murine monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A described herein, or a humanized variant thereof, as identified in Tables 5-10. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three four or five CDRs of anyone of the VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 5-10.
  • the antibodies provided herein comprise one or more ⁇ e.g.. one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 5-10. In other embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 5-10. In yet other embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 5-10 and one or more VL CDRs listed in Tables 5-10.
  • the antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1 104, 1 105, 1 1 10, 1 1 17, 1 122, 1 123 and 1 128.
  • the antibodies comprise a VH CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 37, 101 -104, 50, 1 14, 99, 100, 31 , 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321 , 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1 100, 1 106, 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 16, 1 1 18, 1 124, 1 129 and 1 134.
  • the antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1 101 , 1 107, 1 1 12, 1 1 19, 1 125 and 1 130.
  • the antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 and/or a VH CDR2 and/or a VH CDR3
  • the antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1 102, 1 108, 1 1 13, 1 120, 1 126 and 1 131 .
  • the antibodies comprise a VL CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1 103, 1 1 14, 1 121 and 1 132.
  • the antibodies comprise a VL CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1 109, 1 1 15, 1 127 and 1 133.
  • the antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 and/or a VL CDR2 and/or a VL CDR3 independently selected from a VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, VL CDR3 as depicted in any one of the VL regions depicted in Tables 5-10.
  • antibodies comprising one or more VH CDRs and one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 5-10.
  • an antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1 104, 1 105, 1 1 10, 1 1 17, 1 122, 1 123 or 1 128) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1 102, 1 108, 1 1 13, 1 120, 1 126 or 1 131 ); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1 104, 1 105, 1 1 10, 1 17, 1 122, 1 123 or 1 128) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62,
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1 104, 1 105, 1 1 10, 1 1 17, 1 122, 1 123 or 1 128) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1 109, 1 1 15, 1 127 or 1 133); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1 104, 1 105, 1 1 10, 1 1 17, 1 122, 1 123 or 1 128) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1 109, 1 1 15, 1 127 or 1 133); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 10
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1 101 , 1 107, 1 1 12, 1 1 19, 1 125 or 1 130
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1 103, 1 1 14, 1 121 or 1 132
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1 101 , 1 107, 1 1 12, 1 1 19, 1 125 or 1 130
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1 103, 1 1 14, 1 121 or 1 132
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1 101
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105, 1110, 1117, 1122, 1123 or 1128
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:37, 101-104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31, 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111 , 1116, 1118, 1124, 1129
  • CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1109, 1115, 1127 or 1133); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:37, 101-104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31, 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100,
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101, 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL VH CDR3
  • CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131 ), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:37, 101 -104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31 , 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111, 1116, 1118, 1124, 1129 or 1134), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101 , 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114,
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59- 62, 33, 1081, 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105, 1110, 1117, 1122, 1123 or 1128
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081, 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105, 1110, 1117, 1122, 1123 or 1128
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOSEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081, 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1109, 1115, 1127 or 1133
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1109, 1115, 1127 or 1133
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:37, 101-104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31, 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321 , 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111 , 1116, 1118, 1124, 1129 or 1134
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:37, 101 -104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31, 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111 , 1116, 1118, 1124, 1129 or 1134), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1109, 1115, 1127 or 1133); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081 , 1086,
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101 , 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101 , 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131
  • VL CDR2
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101 , 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271,42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1109, 1115, 1127 or 1133
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081, 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105, 1110, 1117, 1122, 1123 or 1128
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101 , 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:37, 101-104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31, 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 10
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101, 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131 ) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091 , 1097, 1109, 1115, 1127 or 1133); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:37, 101 -104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31 , 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111 , 11
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:47, 41, 44, 1056-
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59- 62, 33, 1081, 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105, 1110, 1117, 1122, 1123 or 1128
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:37, 101 -104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31 , 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321 , 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111, 1116, 1118, 1124, 1129 or 1134
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101 , 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL CDR1 VL CDR1
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081, 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105, 1110, 1117, 1122, 1123 or 1128
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:37, 101-104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31, 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835- 842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070-1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111, 1116, 1118, 1124, 1129 or 1134
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 10
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103, 1114, 1121 or 1132
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:36, 30, 59-62, 33, 1081, 1086, 1087, 1092, 1099, 1104, 1105, 1110, 1117, 1122, 1123 or 1128
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101, 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 1120, 1126 or 1131
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:46, 272-275, 40, 843-846, 43, 1045-1048, 1085, 1096, 1103,
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:47, 41 , 44, 1056-1058, 1091, 1097, 1109, 1115, 1127 or 1133
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS:37, 101-104, 50, 114, 99, 100, 31, 65-74, 83-90, 95, 321, 322, 835-842, 34, 847-858, 49, 886-894, 1070- 1078, 1082, 1088, 1093, 1098, 1100, 1106, 1111, 1116, 1118, 1124, 1129 or 1134
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS:38, 32, 319, 35, 883-885, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1101 , 1107, 1112, 1119, 1125 or 1130
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS:45, 253-271 , 42, 1084, 1090, 1095, 1102, 1108, 1113, 11
  • humanized anti-C10orf54 antibodies bind to a C10orf54 polypeptide, polypeptide fragment or epitope with an affinity comparable to that of one or more of the murine monoclonal antibodies designated 175A, 76E1 or 141 A.
  • the humanized anti-C10orf54 the antibodies can also comprise one, two, three or four human or humanized framework regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and/or one, two, three or four human or humanized framework regions of the immunoglobulin light chain variable region.
  • heavy and/or light chain FR regions that contain one or more back-mutations in which a human FR residue is exchanged for the corresponding residue present in the parental murine heavy or light chain or another residue comparable residue.
  • the amino acid sequences for CDR1 , CDR2, and CDR3 of the heavy and light chains for some of the humanized anti-C10orf54 the antibodies can also include one or more mutations in which a CDR residue as identified in Tables 5-10.
  • the amino acid sequences for FR1 , FR2, FR3 and FR4 of the heavy and light chains that can be used for the humanized anti-C10orf54 the antibodies are identified in Tables 5-7 and FiGs. 3-9 and 17.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises a VH region that comprises: (1 ) a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58, and 895-902; (2) a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64, and 323-326; (3) a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882, and 903-1030; and/or (4) a VH FR4 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58, and 895-902.
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122- 124, 63, 64, and 323-326.
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327- 833, 53, 859-882, and 903-1030.
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR4 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 or 320.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VL region that comprises: (1 ) a VL FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037, and 1059- 1061 ; (2) a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044, and 1062-1067; (3) a VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
  • humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277- 283, 91 , 1031 -1037, and 1059-1061 .
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044, and 1062-1067.
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO:78.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH region and a VL region, wherein the VH region further comprises: (1 ) a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068, and 1069.
  • the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO:78.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH region and a VL region, wherein the VH region further comprises: (1 ) a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068, and 1069.
  • VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64, and 323-326; (3) a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882, and 903-1030; and/or (4) a VH FR4 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 or 320; and wherein the VL region further comprises: (1 ) a VL FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64, and 323-326; (3) a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833,
  • VL FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044, and 1062-1067
  • VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049- 1055, 1068, and 1069
  • VL FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO:78.
  • antibodies comprising one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two, three or four) VH FRs and one or more VL FRs listed in Tables 5-7.
  • an antibody comprising a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902) and a VL FRs listed in Tables 5-7.
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326 and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326)
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID
  • VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 - 1037 or 1059-1061 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049- 1055, 1068 or 1069); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895- 902), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895
  • VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ) and a VL FR3 (
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NO:
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062- 1067
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 - 1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049- 1055, 1068 or 1069
  • a VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895- 902
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031
  • VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059- 1061 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96- 98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96- 98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038- 1044 or 1062-1067
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059- 1061
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327- 833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96- 98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96- 98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53,
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-10
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 - 1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062- 1067
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323- 326)
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • a VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038- 1044 or 1062-1067
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81
  • VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067), and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107- 1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 - 1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062- 1067
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-2
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292- 318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292- 318, 327-8
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96- 98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125- 251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98,
  • VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125- 251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH
  • VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067), VL FR3 (SEQ
  • VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285- 291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323- 326), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277- 283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS
  • VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NO:
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:54 or 320
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:78
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13,
  • VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049- 1055, 1068 or 1069) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326),
  • VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125-251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:75, 252, 79, 277-283, 91 , 1031 -1037 or 1059-1061 ), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOSEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93,
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-124, 63, 64 or 323-326), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:53, 107-1 13, 57, 125- 251 , 96-98, 292-318, 327-833, 53, 859-882 or 903-1030), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:54 or 320), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:76, 80, 284, 92, 1038-1044 or 1062-1067), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:77, 276, 81 , 285-291 , 93, 1049-1055, 1068 or 1069) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:78); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:51 , 105, 55, 1 15-121 , 39, 58 or 895-902), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:52, 106, 56, 122-1
  • antibodies provided herein are antibodies that bind to
  • C10orf54 (e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope), and include antibodies comprising derivatives of the VH domains, VH CDRs, VL domains, and VL CDRs described herein that bind to C10orf54 (e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope).
  • antibodies comprising derivatives of the murine monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A, wherein the antibodies bind to C10orf54 (e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide,
  • the derivatives include less than 25 amino acid substitutions, less than 20 amino acid substitutions, less than 15 amino acid substitutions, less than 10 amino acid substitutions, less than 5 amino acid substitutions, less than 4 amino acid substitutions, less than 3 amino acid
  • the derivatives have conservative amino acid substitutions are made at one or more predicted non-essential amino acid residues.
  • “conservative amino acid substitution” is one in which the amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a side chain with a similar charge.
  • Families of amino acid residues having side chains with similar charges have been defined in the art. These families include amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine), acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid), uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine), nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan), beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine).
  • basic side chains e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine
  • acidic side chains e.
  • mutations can be introduced randomly along all or part of the coding sequence, such as by saturation mutagenesis, and the resultant mutants can be screened for biological activity to identify mutants that retain activity. Following mutagenesis, the encoded protein can be expressed and the activity of the protein can be determined.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of the murine monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, such as a VH domain or VL domain.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to an amino acid sequence depicted in SEQ ID NOS:12-29.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide,
  • C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to an amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 5-10.
  • an antibody that binds to C10orf54 comprises a VH CDR and/or a VL CDR amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to a VH CDR amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 5-10 and/or a VL CDR amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 5-10.
  • the antibodies used in accordance with the methods provided herein have a high affinity for a C10orf54 polypeptide, or polypeptide fragment or epitope thereof.
  • the antibodies used in accordance with the methods provided herein have a higher affinity for a C10orf54 antibody than known antibodies (e.g., commercially available monoclonal antibodies discussed elsewhere herein).
  • the antibodies used in accordance with the methods provided herein have a 2- to 10-fold (or more) higher affinity for a C10orf54 antigen than a known anti-C10orf54 antibody as assessed by techniques described herein or known to one of skill in the art ⁇ e.g., a BIAcore assay).
  • the affinity of the antibodies are, in one embodiment, assessed by a BIAcore assay.
  • polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope comprises an amino acid sequence of a VH domain and/or an amino acid sequence a VL domain encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to (1 ) the complement of a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the VH and/or VL domains depicted in Tables 2 and 4- 10 under stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6x sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.2xSSC/0.1 % SDS at about 50-65° C) under highly stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6xSSC at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.1xSSC/0.2% SDS at about 68° C), or under other stringent hybridization conditions which are known to those of skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel,
  • an antibody that binds C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope) comprises an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR or an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to the complement of a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the VH CDRs and/or VL CDRs depicted in Tables 2 and 4-10 under stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6X SSC at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.2X SSC/0.1 % SDS at about 50-65° C), under highly stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6X SSC at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.1 X SSC/0.2% SDS at about 68° C), or under other stringent hybridization conditions which
  • antibodies provided herein are chemically modified, e.g., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the antibody.
  • the antibody derivatives include antibodies that have been chemically modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. Any of numerous chemical modifications may be carried out by known techniques, including, but not limited to specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formulation, metabolic synthesis of
  • the antibody may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
  • C10orf54 e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope
  • C10orf54 e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope
  • the framework region may, for example, be naturally occurring or consensus framework regions.
  • the framework region of an antibody provided herein is human (see, e.g., Chothia et al., 1998, J. Mol. Biol. 278:457-479 for a listing of human framework regions, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). See also Kabat et al.
  • C10orf54 e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope
  • the antibodies comprising the amino acid sequence of one or more of the CDRs of the murine monoclonal antibody 175A, 76E1 or 141 A, including those also provided in Tables 5-10, or humanized variants thereof ⁇ e.g., VH CDRs or VL CDRs of Tables 5-7), and human framework regions with one or more amino acid substitutions at one, two, three or more of the following residues: (a) rare framework residues that differ between the murine antibody framework ⁇ e.g., donor antibody framework) and the human antibody framework ⁇ e.g., acceptor antibody framework); (b) Venier zone residues when differing between donor antibody framework and acceptor antibody
  • antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 antigen comprising the human framework regions with one or more amino acid substitutions at one, two, three or more of the above-identified residues are antagonistic C10orf54 antibodies. In certain embodiments, antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 antigen comprising the human framework regions with one or more amino acid substitutions at one, two, three or more of the above-identified residues are agonistic C10orf54 antibodies.
  • Antibodies provided herein include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bi-specific antibodies), human antibodies, humanized antibodies, camelized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, and functional fragments of any of the above.
  • Non-limiting examples of functional fragments include single-chain Fvs (scFv) ⁇ e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc.), Fab fragments, F(ab') fragments, F(ab)2 fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, disulfide- linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody and minibody.
  • scFv single-chain Fvs
  • Fab fragments F(ab') fragments, F(ab)2 fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, disulfide- linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody and minibody.
  • antibodies provided herein include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, e.g., molecules that contain an antigen binding site that bind to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54 polypeptide fragment, C10orf54 epitope).
  • the immunoglobulin molecules provided herein can be of any type ⁇ e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY), class ⁇ e.g., lgG1 , lgG2, lgG3, lgG4, lgA1 and lgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule.
  • Variants and derivatives of antibodies include antibody functional fragments that retain the ability to bind to C10orf54 ⁇ e.g., C10orf54 polypeptide, C10orf54
  • Fab fragments an antibody fragment that contains the antigen-binding domain and comprises a light chain and part of a heavy chain bridged by a disulfide bond
  • Fab' an antibody fragment containing a single anti-binding domain comprising an Fab and an additional portion of the heavy chain through the hinge region
  • F(ab') 2 two Fab' molecules joined by interchain disulfide bonds in the hinge regions of the heavy chains; the Fab' molecules may be directed toward the same or different epitopes
  • a bispecific Fab a Fab molecule having two antigen binding domains, each of which may be directed to a different epitope
  • a single chain Fab chain comprising a variable region also known as, a sFv (the variable, antigen-binding determinative region of a single light and heavy chain of an antibody linked together by a chain of 10-25 amino acids); a disulfide-linked Fv, or dsFv
  • Derivatives of antibodies also include one or more CDR sequences of an antibody combining site.
  • the CDR sequences may be linked together on a scaffold when two or more CDR sequences are present.
  • the antibody comprises a single-chain Fv ("scFv").
  • scFvs are antibody fragments comprising the VH and VL domains of an antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain.
  • the scFv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding.
  • the antibodies provided herein may be monospecific, bispecific, trispecific or of greater multispecificity. Multispecific antibodies may be specific for different epitopes of a C10orf54 polypeptide or may be specific for both a C10orf54 polypeptide as well as for a heterologous epitope, such as a heterologous polypeptide or solid support material. In specific embodiments, the antibodies provided herein are monospecific for a given epitope of a C10orf54 polypeptide and do not bind to other epitopes.
  • fusion proteins comprising an antibody provided herein that binds to a C10orf54 antigen and a heterologous polypeptide.
  • the heterologous polypeptide to which the antibody is fused is useful for targeting the antibody to cells having cell surface-expressed C10orf54.
  • panels of antibodies that bind to a C10orf54 antigen.
  • panels of antibodies have different association rate constants different dissociation rate constants, different affinities for C10orf54 antigen, and/or different specificities for a C10orf54 antigen.
  • the panels comprise or consist of about 10, about 25, about 50, about 75, about 100, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250, about 300, about 350, about 400, about 450, about 500, about 550, about 600, about 650, about 700, about 750, about 800, about 850, about 900, about 950, or about 1000 antibodies or more.
  • Panels of antibodies can be used, for example, in 96 well or 384 well plates, such as for assays such as ELISAs.
  • antibodies provided herein are conjugated or recombinantly fused to a diagnostic, detectable or therapeutic agent or any other molecule.
  • the conjugated or recombinantly fused antibodies can be useful, e.g., for monitoring or prognosing the onset, development, progression and/or severity of a C10orf54- mediated disease as part of a clinical testing procedure, such as determining the efficacy of a particular therapy.
  • Such diagnosis and detection can accomplished, for example, by coupling the antibody to detectable substances including, but not limited to, various enzymes, such as, but not limited to, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, beta- galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase; prosthetic groups, such as, but not limited to, streptavidin/biotin and avidin/biotin; fluorescent materials, such as, but not limited to, umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocynate, rhodamine,
  • various enzymes such as, but not limited to, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, beta- galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase
  • prosthetic groups such as, but not limited to, streptavidin/biotin and avidin/biotin
  • fluorescent materials such as, but not limited to, umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein is
  • antibodies that are conjugated or recombinantly fused to a therapeutic moiety (or one or more therapeutic moieties), as well as uses thereof.
  • the antibody may be conjugated or recombinantly fused to a therapeutic moiety, such as a cytotoxin, e.g., a cytostatic or cytocidal agent, a therapeutic agent or a
  • radioactive metal ion e.g., alpha-emitters.
  • a cytotoxin or cytotoxic agent includes any agent that is detrimental to cells.
  • Therapeutic moieties include, but are not limited to, antimetabolites ⁇ e.g., methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, 5- fluorouracil decarbazine); alkylating agents ⁇ e.g., mechlorethamine, thioepa chlorambucil, melphalan, carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU),
  • cyclothosphamide busulfan, dibromomannitol, streptozotocin, mitomycin C, and cisdichlorodiamine platinum (II) (DDP), and cisplatin); anthracyclines ⁇ e.g.,
  • daunorubicin (formerly daunomycin) and doxorubicin); antibiotics ⁇ e.g., d actinomycin (formerly actinomycin), bleomycin, mithramycin, and anthramycin (AMC)); Auristatin molecules ⁇ e.g., auristatin PHE, auristatin F, monomethyl auristatin E, bryostatin 1 , and solastatin 10; see Woyke et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:3802-8 (2002), Woyke et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:3580-4 (2001 ), Mohammad et al., Anticancer Drugs 12:735-40 (2001 ), Wall et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res.
  • antibiotics ⁇ e.g., d actinomycin (formerly actinomycin), bleomycin, mithramycin, and anthramycin (AMC)
  • hormones ⁇ e.g., glucocorticoids, progestins, androgens, and estrogens
  • DNA-repair enzyme inhibitors e.g., etoposide or topotecan
  • kinase inhibitors ⁇ e.g., compound ST1571 , imatinib mesylate
  • cytotoxic agents ⁇ e.g., paclitaxel, cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxy anthracin dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, actinomycin D, 1 - dehydrotestosterone, glucorticoids, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, and puromycin and analogs or homologs thereof and those compounds disclosed in U.S.
  • cytotoxic agents ⁇ e.g., paclitaxel, cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, dox
  • adenosine deaminase inhibitors ⁇ e.g., Fludarabine phosphate and 2- Chlorodeoxyadenosine); ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®); tositumomab (Bexxar®)) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, clathrates, and prodrugs thereof.
  • an antibody provided herein may be conjugated or recombinantly fused to a therapeutic moiety or drug moiety that modifies a given biological response.
  • therapeutic moieties or drug moieties are not to be construed as limited to classical chemical therapeutic agents.
  • the drug moiety may be a protein, peptide, or polypeptide possessing a desired biological activity.
  • proteins may include, for example, a toxin such as abrin, ricin A, pseudomonas exotoxin, cholera toxin, or diphtheria toxin; a protein such as tumor necrosis factor, ⁇ -interferon, a- interferon, nerve growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, tissue plasminogen activator, an apoptotic agent, e.g., TNF- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , AIM I (see, International Publication No.
  • an anti-angiogenic agent e.g., angiostatin, endostatin or a component of the coagulation pathway ⁇ e.g., tissue factor
  • a biological response modifier such as, for example, a lymphokine (e.g., interferon gamma, interleukin-1 ("IL-1 "), interleukin-2 ("IL-2”), interleukin-5 (“IL-5"), interleukin-6 (“IL-6”), interleukin-7 (“IL-7”), interleukin 9 (“IL-9”), interleukin-10 (“IL- 10"), interleukin-12 (“IL-12”), interleukin-15 (“IL-15”), interleukin-23 (“IL-23”), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (“GM-CSF”), and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (“G-CSF” )), or a growth factor [e.g., growth hormone, IL-1 "), interleukin-2 ("IL-2”), interleukin-5 (“IL-5"), interleuk
  • GH GH
  • a coagulation agent e.g., calcium, vitamin K, tissue factors, such as but not limited to, Hageman factor (factor XII), high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein (PK), coagulation proteins-factors II (prothrombin), factor V, Xlla, VIII, Xllla, XI, Xla, IX, IXa, X, phospholipid, and fibrin monomer).
  • tissue factors such as but not limited to, Hageman factor (factor XII), high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein (PK), coagulation proteins-factors II (prothrombin), factor V, Xlla, VIII, Xllla, XI, Xla, IX, IXa, X, phospholipid, and fibrin monomer).
  • antibodies that are recombinantly fused or chemically conjugated (covalent or non-covalent conjugations) to a heterologous protein or polypeptide (or fragment thereof, for example, to a polypeptide of about 10, about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 60, about 70, about 80, about 90 or about 100 amino acids) to generate fusion proteins, as well as uses thereof.
  • fusion proteins comprising an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody provided herein [e.g., a Fab fragment, Fd fragment, Fv fragment, F(ab)2 fragment, a VH domain, a VH CDR, a VL domain or a VL CDR) and a heterologous protein, polypeptide, or peptide.
  • the heterologous protein, polypeptide, or peptide that the antibody is fused to is useful for targeting the antibody to a particular cell type, such as a cell that expresses C10orf54 or an C10orf54 receptor.
  • an antibody that binds to a cell surface receptor expressed by a particular cell type ⁇ e.g., an immune cell may be fused or conjugated to a modified antibody provided herein.
  • a conjugated or fusion protein can comprise any antibody provided herein described herein and a heterologous polypeptide.
  • a conjugated or fusion protein provided herein comprises the VH or VL domain of any one of the murine monoclonal antibodies 175A, 76E1 or 141 A, as depicted in Table 2, and a
  • a conjugated or fusion protein provided herein comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of any one of the VH domains depicted in Tables 5-10, and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of any one of the VL domains depicted Tables 5-10, and a
  • a conjugated or fusion protein provided herein comprises one or more VH CDRs having the amino acid sequence of any one of the VH CDRs depicted in Tables 5-10, and a heterologous polypeptide.
  • a conjugated or fusion protein comprises one or more VL CDRs having the amino acid sequence of any one of the VL CDRs depicted in Tables 5-10, and a heterologous polypeptide.
  • a conjugated or fusion protein provided herein comprises at least one VH domain and at least one VL domain depicted in Tables 5-10, and a heterologous polypeptide.
  • a conjugated or fusion protein provided herein comprises at least one VH CDR and at least one VL CDR depicted in Tables 5-10, and a heterologous polypeptide.
  • an antibody provided herein can be conjugated to therapeutic moieties such as a radioactive metal ion, such as alpha-emitters such as 213 Bi or macrocyclic chelators useful for conjugating radiometal ions, including but not limited to, 131 In, 131 LU, 131 Y, 131 Ho, 131 Sm, to polypeptides.
  • the macrocyclic chelator is 1 ,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) which can be attached to the antibody via a linker molecule.
  • linker molecules are commonly known in the art and described in Denardo et al., 1998, Clin Cancer Res. 4(10):2483-90; Peterson et al., 1999, Bioconjug. Chem. 10(4):553-7; and Zimmerman et al., 1999, Nucl. Med. Biol. 26(8):943-50, each incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • antibodies provided herein can be fused to marker sequences, such as a peptide to facilitate purification.
  • the marker amino acid sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, such as the tag provided in a pQE vector (QIAGEN, Inc.), among others, many of which are commercially available.
  • hexa-histidine provides for convenient purification of the fusion protein.
  • peptide tags useful for purification include, but are not linnited to, the hemagglutinin ("HA") tag, which corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein (Wilson et al., 1984, Cell 37:767), and the "FLAG" tag.
  • HA hemagglutinin

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AU2014274660A AU2014274660B2 (en) 2013-06-06 2014-06-06 Anti-C10orf54 antibodies and uses thereof
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US16/053,450 US10414823B2 (en) 2013-06-06 2018-08-02 Anti-C10orf54 antibodies and uses thereof
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