Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/10—Interconnection of layers at least one layer having inter-reactive properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
  • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
  • B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
  • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
  • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
  • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
  • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
  • B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
  • B29C70/506—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
  • B32B17/04—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
  • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
  • B32B37/20—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of continuous webs only
  • B32B37/203—One or more of the layers being plastic
  • B32B37/206—Laminating a continuous layer between two continuous plastic layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
  • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
  • E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
  • E01F15/04—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of longitudinal beams or rigid strips supported above ground at spaced points
  • E01F15/0453—Rails of materials other than metal or concrete, e.g. wood, plastics; Rails of different materials, e.g. rubber-faced metal profiles, concrete-filled steel tubes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
  • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
  • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
  • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
  • B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
  • B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
  • B32B2309/105—Thickness
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
  • B32B2310/04—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using liquids, gas or steam
  • B32B2310/0445—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames
  • B32B2310/0454—Hot air
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
  • B32B2315/08—Glass
  • B32B2315/085—Glass fiber cloth or fabric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
  • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
  • B32B2323/046—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2590/00—Signboards, advertising panels, road signs

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of producing a multi-layer composite material composed of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and fiberglass reinforcement and intended for the manufacture of roadside safety barriers, the equipment for implementing the said method, and the multi-layer composite material produced by it.
• LDPE low-density polyethylene
• Roadside restraints serve an important function in traffic safety by preventing vehicles from leaving the roadway or crossing over to the wrong lane.
• steel or reinforced concrete has been used extensively to manufacture roadside safety barriers.
• durability of these materials is limited and in the event of collision they inflict additional damage to vehicles.
• polymer materials have a low friction rate and therefore do not cause additional damage to vehicles in the event of collision.
• Polymer materials are lighter, cheaper to produce and less prone to degradation via environmental factors
• patent EP1409793B1 describes a specific structure of polyethylene, which is technologically challenging to produce.
• a widely used method for improving the mechanical properties of polymer materials is reinforcing it with various materials, including fiberglass (for example, as described in patent US7743567).
• various materials including fiberglass (for example, as described in patent US7743567).
• the known methods fail to provide the composite material with mechanical properties that would comply with the requirements of the European standard EN 1317.
• the present invention solves this technical problem by introducing a simple, resource- and cost-effective technology of producing composite material intended for the manufacture of roadside barriers, which is suitable for use within temperatures ranging from -50 to +40 °C.
• the middle sheet of LDPE is fed downward via the first pair of rollers and heated to the point of melting temperature
• fiberglass fabric and the outer sheet of low-density polyethylene is applied to one side of the middle sheet of LDPE and braided fiberglass bundles
• the other outer sheet of LDPE its thickness being 1 to 3 mm
• the braided fiberglass bundles are composed of 10 to 20 braided glass fibers each and fed at a distance of 8 to 20 mm from the adjacent braided fiberglass bundles, and all layers are compressed by the third pair of rollers.
• the equipment for implementing the present method of manufacturing multilayer composite material for roadside safety barriers includes three pairs of rollers positioned below each other and designed to rotate at an equal speed ensuring even linear movement of the processed material, whereby the first pair of rollers is intended to evenly transport the middle sheet of LDPE downward, the second pair of rollers, spaced at a distance from each other that corresponds to the preferred thickness of the composite material, is intended to evenly transport all layers of the composite material downward, and the third pair of rollers is intended for compressing all layers of the composite material by the required force, as well as two hot air generators positioned symmetrically below the first pair of rollers.
• the symmetrical placement of hot air generators on both sides of the middle sheet of LDPE ensures that it is evenly heated to the point of melting temperature.
• the multi-layer composite material produced by the present method is composed of five layers: the middle low-density polyethylene layer that has been embedded with fiberglass fabric on one side and braided fiberglass bundles on the opposite side and has welded the outer layers of low-density polyethylene together.
• LDPE is a material that exhibits good operational properties over a wide range of temperatures from -50 to +40 °C. It is especially important to the application of this composite material in manufacturing roadside safety barriers that LDPE does not become fragile and retains its cold flow properties even at low temperatures.
• LDPE is reinforced by fiberglass and fiberglass fabric, its thickness being no less than 0.1 mm.
• the tensile strength of glass fibers with a diameter of 1 1 to 13 microns is no less than 200 N per fiber. It has been experimentally established that the longitudinal tensile strength of the multi-layer composite material is sufficient when one layer of fiberglass fabric and one layer of braided fiberglass bundles, applied along the longitudinal direction of the composite material, are used.
• the middle layer of LDPE must be sufficient to ensure that the melted LDPE would penetrate through the fiberglass fabric and simultaneously allow each glass fiber in a bundle to be embedded so that a uniform layer (coating) of fiberglass is formed and each glass fiber is in contact with the melted LDPE. It has been experimentally established that the consumption of raw materials is optimal when 0 to 20 glass fibers are braided in each fiberglass bundle, the fiberglass bundles are spaced at a distance of 8 to 20 mm from each other in the layer of composite material, and the thickness of LDPE sheets ranges from 1 to 3 mm.
• the figure shows the basic sequence of producing multi-layer composite material intended for the manufacture of roadside safety barriers.
• the present invention is implemented in the following way.
• the equipment for manufacturing multi-layer composite material for roadside safety barriers includes three pairs of rollers 1 , 4, 8 positioned below each other and designed to rotate at an equal speed ensuring even linear movement of the processed material.
• the first pair of rollers 1 is intended to evenly transport the middle sheet of LDPE (2) downward
• the second pair of rollers 4 is intended to evenly transport all layers of the composite material downward, whereby the rollers are spaced at a distance from each other that corresponds to the preferred thickness of the composite material
• the third pair of rollers 8 is intended for compressing all layers of the composite material 9 by the required force
• two hot air generators 3 are symmetrically positioned below the first pair of rollers.
• the middle sheet of LDPE 2 is fed downward via the first pair of rollers 1 at an even speed of linear movement, the hot air generators 3 heat the middle sheet of LDPE 2 to the point of melting temperature by streams of hot air.
• Fiberglass fabric 5 and the outer sheet of LDPE (6), its thickness being 2 mm, is applied to one side (left side in the figure) of the middle sheet of LDPE 2 and braided fiberglass bundles 7 and the other outer sheet of LDPE 2, its thickness being 2 mm, is applied to the opposite side (right side in the figure) of the middle sheet of LDPE 2 by the second pair of rollers 4, spaced at a distance of 5.8 mm from each other.
• the thickness of the multi-layer composite material 9 produced is 5.2-5.8 mm.
• the middle sheet of LDPE 2 has been embedded with fiberglass fabric 5 and the braided fiberglass bundles 7 and has welded the outer sheets of LDPE 6 together.
• the mechanical properties of the produced multi-layer composite material comply with the T2 containment level of the European standard EN 1317.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

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Cited By (1)

Citations (5)

• 2013
  • 2013-06-07 LV LVP-13-75A patent/LV14712B/lv unknown
  • 2013-09-20 WO PCT/LV2013/000008 patent/WO2014196845A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (5)

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