CN105644102A - 一种防护板及防护衣服 - Google Patents

一种防护板及防护衣服 Download PDF

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CN105644102A
CN105644102A CN201610198769.8A CN201610198769A CN105644102A CN 105644102 A CN105644102 A CN 105644102A CN 201610198769 A CN201610198769 A CN 201610198769A CN 105644102 A CN105644102 A CN 105644102A
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protective plate
continuous fiber
thermoplastic resin
protective
plate
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黄险波
陈大华
范欣愉
孙雅杰
肖彦
孟姗姗
李晓拓
熊鑫
宋威
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GUANGZHOU KINGFA CARBON FIBER NEW MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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GUANGZHOU KINGFA CARBON FIBER NEW MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
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    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防护板及防护衣服，所述防护板由多块边长为30-50mm的多边形防护分板拼接组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材是由3层或以上单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带热压复合而成，所述防护板的厚度为1mm-3mm。本发明极大的减轻了防护板的重量，同等规格尺寸下，比金属防护材料减重20%-50%，并在保持原有材料柔韧性情况下，一定程度上的提高了产品组合后的刚性，提高了防护板的防护性能，且材料可回收利用。

Description

一种防护板及防护衣服
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防护板，具体涉及一种连续纤维增强防护板及防护衣服。
背景技术
在现代工业化作业或特殊的军用环境中，工作人员经常会遇到火焰、高温、熔融金属、机械加工以及一些特殊的危险，对于这些危险，需要用专用的防护服来保护整个身体。
以前防护材料大部分都是金属材质，金属材质虽然在一定程度上可以防止外部环境对身体的影响，但是金属的质量大，做成的防护服非常沉重，导致使用者在行动中的行动笨拙，另外，金属的韧性较差，受到强力冲击后容易出现永久形变，从而对人体造成二次伤害，且金属冶炼过程会对环境造成较大污染。
目前，现有的防护材料为了达到减轻重量的目的，采用复合材料压制成型，但复合材料是由常规的树脂加短纤维注塑成型，纤维分布散乱，其中纤维长度短，达到等效的防护功能需要增加材料的厚度，减重效果不明显，且加工过程中纤维对螺杆造成磨损，材料中带有杂质，回收难度较大。
发明内容
为解决上述现有防护材料存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种防护板，以实现降低防护板的重量，提高防护性能且可回收利用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现：
一种防护板，所述防护板由多块边长为30-50mm的多边形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材是由3层或以上单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带热压复合而成，所述防护板的厚度为1mm-3mm。
本发明将连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材代替金属材质，同时将防护板的厚度控制在1mm-3mm，极大的减轻了防护板的重量。
为了提高防护板的柔韧性，本发明连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材通过3层或以上单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带，采用特定的铺层方式层层铺叠，使纤维形成交错的网格状，保证了产品在各个方向的性能趋于一致，且柔韧性好，受到冲击时能量会沿纤维方向传递，降低冲击对人体造成的伤害，且材料可以回收利用。
优选的，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材是由3层或以上单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/90°/0°]、[0°/90°/90°/0°]、[0°/±45°/90°/±45°/0°]、[±45°]3s铺层方式进行铺设。
优选的，所述防护板由多块边长为35-45mm的方形或六边形防护分板组成。
如果防护板为整体式一块板设计，由于材料本身柔韧性好，刚度较差，在较大的面积情况下，遇到尖锐物体冲击时，容易出现破损，起不到防护作用，因此，本发明通过将防护板设置成多块边长为30-50mm的多边形防护分板，在保持原有材料柔韧性情况下，可以任意拼接组合，且一定程度上的提高了产品组合后的刚性，对尖锐物体的冲击也起到了防护作用。
需要说明的是，本发明所述多边形是指除了圆形和椭圆形以外的任意可以拼接形成整体的多边形，如方形、六边形等。
其中，所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带是以热塑性树脂组合物为基体，以连续纤维为增强体的片状结构材料，其中基于单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的总重量，连续纤维的含量为40wt%-80wt%，优选60wt%-70wt%。所述连续纤维为无碱玻璃纤维、中碱玻璃纤维、高碱玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、碳化硅纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的一种或多种组合，连续纤维的直径为5~20μm。基于热塑性树脂组合物的总重量，所述热塑性树脂组合物包括70wt%~100wt%热塑性树脂、0~20wt%助剂以及0~10wt%填料，其中热塑性树脂根据ASTMD1238，在负荷为2.16kg，温度190°C下的熔融指数为10~1000g/10min。所述热塑性树脂为聚烯烃、聚酰胺、ABS、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚苯硫醚的一种或几种；所述助剂为相容剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂、抗紫外光稳定剂、增塑剂、偶联剂或阻燃剂中的一种或多种；所述填料为钛白粉、碳酸钙、云母粉或色粉中的一种或多种。
其中，所述聚酯无纺布主要为PET，也可以是PET与其他热塑性树脂如PP、PE等混纺，其面密度为40~60g/m2，厚度为0.1~0.2mm。
为了更好的与衣服面料良好粘接，使用时在本发明所述防护板产品的聚酯无纺布面上喷涂胶水。
本发明的防护板可通过如下方法制备得到：
将单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂（PP\PE\PA\ABS等）预浸带，根据特定的设计的角度及设计的层数进行铺层并在一面或者双面附上聚酯无纺布，然后在180~220℃条件下加热，在室温条件下冷却压合成型，然后采用连续冲切的方式将成型的板材裁切成多块设定好形状和尺寸的多边形防护分板即可。
本发明还提供了一种防护衣服，包括上述防护板。所述防护板可通过粘结在衣服面料或插入衣套内等方式制成防护衣服。
本发明可根据具体实际应用，将多层（如3层或以上）防护板叠加使用，避开了小块之间的缝隙，可以更好的提高防护板的防护性能。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点：
本发明的连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材采用层层铺叠，使纤维形成交错的网格状，使成型的防护板柔韧性好，受到冲击时能量会沿纤维方向传递，降低冲击对人体造成的伤害，同时通过控制连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材的厚度和防护板的总厚度，极大的减轻了防护板的重量，同等规格尺寸下，比金属防护材料减重20%-50%，并将防护板采用分块和尺寸设计，在保持原有材料柔韧性情况下，一定程度上的提高了产品组合后的刚性，提高了防护板的防护性能，且材料可回收利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的防护板的结构示意图；
其中，1为连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材；2为聚酯无纺布。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明，以下实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例一：
如图1所示，一种防护板，所述防护板由多块边长为40mm的方形防护分板或者边长为35mm的六边形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布2，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1是由3层单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/90°/0°]的铺层方式热压复合而成，所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带为无碱玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯片材，其中无碱玻璃纤维含量为60wt%，无碱玻璃纤维的直径为8μm，所述聚丙烯的熔融指数为25g/10min，所述聚酯无纺布2的面密度为40g/m2，厚度为0.1mm；所述防护板的厚度为1mm。单层防护板可以在承受至少30J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形，4层以上防护板错位叠加可以承受至少100J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形。
实施例二：
如图1所示，一种防护板，所述防护板由多块边长为35mm的方形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布2，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1是由4层单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/90°/90°/0°]或[﹢45°/-45°/﹢45°/-45°]的铺层方式热压复合而成，所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带为无碱玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯片材，其中无碱玻璃纤维含量为70wt%，无碱玻璃纤维的直径为10μm，所述聚丙烯的熔融指数为10g/10min，所述聚酯无纺布2的面密度为50g/m2，厚度为0.2mm；所述防护板的厚度为1.3mm。单层防护板可以在承受至少40J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形，3层以上防护板错位叠加可以承受至少120J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形。
实施例三：
如图1所示，一种防护板，所述防护板由多块边长为40mm的方形或边长为45mm的六边形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布2，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1是由7层单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/±45°/90°/±45°/0°]或[45°/－45°/45°/－45°/45°/－45°/45°]的铺层方式热压复合而成，所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带为无碱玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯片材，其中无碱玻璃纤维含量为65wt%，无碱玻璃纤维的直径为12μm，所述聚丙烯的熔融指数为35g/10min，所述聚酯无纺布2的面密度为60g/m2，厚度为0.15mm；所述防护板的厚度为2.3mm。单层防护板可以至少承受50J的冲击力而不被破坏，3层防护板错位叠加可以承受尖锐物体垂直落下产生24J的穿刺（符合公安部警用防刺服测试标准GA68-2008）。
实施例四：
如图1所示，一种防护板，所述防护板由多块边长为30mm的方形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布2，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1是由3层单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/90°/0°]的铺层方式热压复合而成，所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带为无碱玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯片材，其中无碱玻璃纤维含量为60wt%，无碱玻璃纤维的直径为8μm，所述聚丙烯的熔融指数为25g/10min，所述聚酯无纺布2的面密度为40g/m2，厚度为0.1mm；所述防护板的厚度为1mm。单层防护板可以在承受至少27J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形，4层以上防护板错位叠加可以承受至少95J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形。
实施例五：
如图1所示，一种防护板，所述防护板由多块边长为50mm的五边形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布2，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1是由3层单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/90°/0°]的铺层方式热压复合而成，所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带为无碱玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯片材，其中无碱玻璃纤维含量为60wt%，无碱玻璃纤维的直径为8μm，所述聚丙烯的熔融指数为25g/10min，所述聚酯无纺布2的面密度为40g/m2，厚度为0.1mm；所述防护板的厚度为1mm。单层防护板可以在承受至少25J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形，4层以上防护板错位叠加可以承受至少90J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形。
实施例六：
如图1所示，一种防护板，所述防护板由多块边长为40mm的方形防护分板或者边长为35mm的六边形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布2，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材1是由3层单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/90°/0°]的铺层方式热压复合而成，所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带为无碱玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯片材，其中无碱玻璃纤维含量为40wt%，无碱玻璃纤维的直径为8μm，所述聚丙烯的熔融指数为25g/10min，所述聚酯无纺布2的面密度为40g/m2，厚度为0.1mm；所述防护板的厚度为1mm。单层防护板可以在承受至少26J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形，4层以上防护板错位叠加可以承受至少94J的冲击力下不出现破坏或变形。

Claims (10)

1.一种防护板，其特征在于，所述防护板由多块边长为30-50mm的多边形防护分板组成，所述防护分板包括连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材以及复合在连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材表面的聚酯无纺布，所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材是由3层或以上单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带热压复合而成，，所述防护板的厚度为1mm-3mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防护板，其特征在于：所述防护板由多块边长为35-45mm的方形或六边形防护分板组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防护板，其特征在于：所述连续纤维增强热塑性复合板材是由3层或以上单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带按[0°/90°/0°]、[0°/90°/90°/0°]、[0°/±45°/90°/±45°/0°]、[±45]3s铺层方式进行铺设。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防护板，其特征在于：所述单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带是以热塑性树脂组合物为基体，以连续纤维为增强体的片状结构材料，其中基于单向连续纤维增强热塑性树脂预浸带的总重量，连续纤维的含量为40wt%-80wt%，优选60wt%-70wt%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防护板，其特征在于：所述连续纤维为无碱玻璃纤维、中碱玻璃纤维、高碱玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、碳化硅纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的一种或多种组合，连续纤维的直径为5~20μm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的防护板，其特征在于：基于热塑性树脂组合物的总重量，所述热塑性树脂组合物包括70wt%~100wt%热塑性树脂、0~20wt%助剂以及0~10wt%填料，其中热塑性树脂根据ASTMD1238，在负荷为2.16kg，温度190°C下的熔融指数为10~1000g/10min。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防护板，其特征在于：所述热塑性树脂为聚烯烃、聚酰胺、ABS、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚苯硫醚的一种或几种；所述助剂为相容剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂、抗紫外光稳定剂、增塑剂、偶联剂或阻燃剂中的一种或多种；所述填料为钛白粉、碳酸钙、云母粉或色粉中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防护板，其特征在于：所述聚酯无纺布的面密度为40~60g/m2，厚度为0.1~0.2mm。
9.一种防护衣服，包含权利要求1-8任一项所述的防护板。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防护衣服，其特征在于，所述防护板为三层或以上。
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CN106726237A (zh) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 苏州科技城医院 护理病床
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