WO2014195557A1 - Système à carburant et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à piston - Google Patents

Système à carburant et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à piston Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014195557A1
WO2014195557A1 PCT/FI2013/050597 FI2013050597W WO2014195557A1 WO 2014195557 A1 WO2014195557 A1 WO 2014195557A1 FI 2013050597 W FI2013050597 W FI 2013050597W WO 2014195557 A1 WO2014195557 A1 WO 2014195557A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
pipe
outer pipe
engine
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2013/050597
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tuukka LAAKSO
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority to PCT/FI2013/050597 priority Critical patent/WO2014195557A1/fr
Publication of WO2014195557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014195557A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/006—Measuring or detecting fuel leakage of fuel injection apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/18—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for maintaining safety not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/05—Miscellaneous constructional elements; Leakage detection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel system for introducing liquid fuel into the cylinders of a piston engine, as defined in the preamble of claim 1 .
  • the inven- tion also concerns a method for operating a piston engine in accordance with the preamble of the other independent claim.
  • Methanol CH 3 OH
  • CH 3 OH is an example of biofuel having a lot of potential for use as fuel of large piston engines in ships and at power plants.
  • the use of methanol has many benefits. Since methanol is liquid at normal operating temperatures, it is easier to store than gaseous fuels. It can also be used in many engines with relatively small modifications to the engine design. In many cases, the engine can be operated on both methanol and fossil fuels, which increases flexibility. However, the use of methanol also has some drawbacks. Methanol has lower flashpoint than most other fuels that are used in large piston engines and is thus highly flammable. Methanol fires are also difficult to detect. In addition, methanol is poisonous and lethal in relatively small amounts. Therefore, when handling and using methanol, precautions are needed for preventing fires and for protecting the operators of the engine.
  • Tank blanketing refers to a process of introducing inert gas, such as nitrogen, into the vapor space of a methanol tank.
  • inert gas such as nitrogen
  • the oxygen concentration in the tank can be lowered to a level, which prevents ignition of the methanol.
  • evaporation of methanol can be reduced.
  • Tank blanketing is an effective means for protecting a fuel tank, but it does not remove the hazards relating to leakages from other parts of a fuel system. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved fuel system for introducing liquid fuel into the cylinders of a piston engine.
  • the characterizing features of the fuel system according to the invention are given in the charac- terizing part of claim 1 .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for operating a piston engine, which is provided with a fuel pipe for supplying pressurized liquid fuel to a fuel injector, and with an outer pipe that is arranged around the fuel pipe for forming a fluid volume between the fuel pipe and the outer pipe.
  • the characterizing features of the method are given in the characterizing part of the other independent claim.
  • the fuel system comprises a fuel tank for storing the fuel, a pump for pressurizing the fuel, at least one fuel injector for injecting fuel into a cylinder of the engine, and a fuel pipe for supplying fuel from the pump to the fuel injector.
  • the fuel system further comprises an outer pipe that is ar- ranged around the fuel pipe for forming a fluid volume between the fuel pipe and the outer pipe, a source of inert gas, and means for introducing inert gas from the gas source into the fluid volume between the fuel pipe and the outer pipe.
  • inert gas is introduced into the fluid volume between the fuel pipe and the outer pipe.
  • the safety of fuel systems in which methanol or other similar fuel is used, can be improved.
  • the inert gas in the space surrounding the fuel space effectively prevents fires relating to leaking fuel.
  • Part of the fuel pipe can form a fuel rail to which a plurality of fuel injectors is connected and which is surrounded by the outer pipe.
  • the system comprises means for introducing inert gas into the fuel pipe for purging the fuel pipe. Residual fuel can thus be removed from the fuel pipe and replaced by inert gas, which further improves the safety of the system.
  • the system comprises means for measuring pressure in the fuel pipe.
  • the system can also comprise means for measuring pressure in the outer pipe. By measuring pressure in the fuel pipe and in the outer pipe, leakages can be detected and it can be ensured that the fluid volume between the pipes is properly filled with inert gas.
  • the system comprises means for introducing inert gas into the fuel tank.
  • inert gas By introducing inert gas into the fuel tank, ignition of fuel in the tank can be effectively prevented.
  • the system comprises a first dis- charge valve for discharging fluid from the fuel pipe into the outer pipe and a second discharge valve for discharging fluid from the outer pipe.
  • the method comprises a step of measuring pressure in the fluid volume and starting fuel supply into the fuel pipe only on the condition that the pressure is within a predetermined range. This ensures that the engine is not started when there is a failure in the protective system.
  • pressure in the fuel pipe is measured and engine operation on the fuel that has been supplied into the fuel pipe is started only on the condition that the pressure is within a predetermined range. This is a safety measure for checking whether the fuel pipe is leaking.
  • the inert gas used in the invention is preferably nitrogen.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for engines using methanol as fuel.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified illustration of a fuel system of an internal combustion engine in a standby mode
  • Fig. 2 shows the fuel system of Fig. 1 when the protective space of the system is filled with inert gas
  • Fig. 3 shows the fuel system of Fig. 1 when the engine is operated using the fuel system
  • Fig. 4 shows the fuel system of Fig. 1 when the fuel pipe of the fuel system is purged.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 is shown a fuel system of a piston engine.
  • the fuel system can be used for storing liquid fuel and for introducing the fuel into the cylinders of the engine.
  • the fuel system is particularly suitable for methanol, but could also be used for injecting other alcoholic or other liquid fuel into the cylinders of the engine.
  • the engine is a large internal combustion engine, such as a main or an auxiliary engine of a ship or an engine that is used at a power plant for producing electricity.
  • the engine comprises seven cylinders that are arranged in line, but the engine could comprise any rea- sonable number of cylinders.
  • the cylinders could also be arranged in some other way, for example in a V-configuration.
  • the engine can comprise one or more additional fuel systems.
  • the engine can be provided with an additional fuel system for different liquid fuel and/or an additional fuel system for gaseous fuel.
  • the additional fuel system can be either a common rail system or it can be provided with individual fuel injection pumps for each cylinder of the engine.
  • the fuel system of the figures comprises a fuel injector 3 for each cylinder of the engine. If the engine is provided with an additional fuel system for liquid fuel, the additional fuel system is provided with its own fuel injectors. However, both fuel injectors of each cylinder can be integrated into a common injector body.
  • the fuel system is provided with a fuel tank 1 for storing methanol. From the fuel tank 1 , the methanol is supplied by means of a pump 2 into a fuel pipe 4, from which it is delivered to the fuel injectors 3. Only one pump 2 is shown, but the fuel system can comprise a low-pressure pump, which supplies fuel from the fuel tank 1 at a relatively low pressure to at least one high-pressure pump, from which the fuel is distributed to the fuel injectors 3.
  • the fuel system can be provided with several high-pressure pumps. For instance, one high- pressure pump can be provided for the fuel injectors of each bank in a V- engine, or a group of fuel injectors can be provided with a common high- pressure pump. Instead of electrical pumps, the pumps could also be driven by the engine.
  • the fuel system could also be provided with conventional fuel injection pumps.
  • the fuel system can thus comprise a fuel injection pump for each cylinder of the engine.
  • the fuel system could also comprise several low-pressure pumps.
  • Part of the fuel pipe 4 forms a fuel rail 4A.
  • the fuel injectors 3 are connected to the fuel rail 4A by branches 4B of the fuel pipe 4.
  • the fuel rail 4A is not needed. It is also possible to provide the fuel system with several fuel rails 4A. For instance, in a V-engine there can be one fuel rail 4A for each bank of the engine. Instead of a single fuel rail 4A, each fuel injector 3 or a group of fuel injectors 3 could be provided with an own pressure accumulator for storing fuel.
  • Fuel supply from the pump 2 to the fuel pipe 4 is controlled by a fuel valve 13.
  • the fuel valve 13 is a 3/2-valve having three ports and two positions. The fuel valve 13 is electrically controlled. In a first position of the fuel valve 13, as shown in figures 1 , 2 and 4, flow from the pump 2 to the fuel pipe 4 is prevented.
  • the fuel system is provided with a nitrogen tank 7, which works as a source of inert gas.
  • Gaseous nitrogen (N 2 ) is stored in the nitrogen tank 7 under pressure.
  • the nitrogen tank 7 is connected to the fuel tank 1 with a blanketing duct 17 and a blanketing valve 16. Through the blanketing duct 17 and the blanketing valve 16, nitrogen can be introduced into the fuel tank 1 .
  • the nitrogen dis- places air in the fuel tank 1 and removes thus one of the prerequisites for the ignition of the methanol.
  • the blanketing valve 17 is an automatic pressure- controlled valve.
  • the blanketing valve 16 opens and allows more nitrogen to flow into the fuel tank 1 .
  • the outflow of fuel from the fuel tank 1 is thus automatically com- pensated.
  • a pressure sensor 10 is arranged to measure the pressure in the nitrogen tank 7. If the pressure in the nitrogen tank 7 is too low for ensuring proper blanketing of the fuel tank 1 , engine operation on methanol is prevented by the control system of the engine.
  • the fuel rail 4A is surrounded by an outer pipe 5.
  • the inner diameter of the outer pipe 5 is greater than the outer diameter of the fuel rail 4A, and an empty space is thus formed between the fuel rail 4A and the outer pipe 5.
  • the empty space between the fuel rail 4A and the outer pipe 5 works as a fluid volume.
  • the fluid volume is connected to the nitrogen tank 7 with a filling duct 20 and a control valve 6.
  • the control valve 6 is used for opening and closing fluid communication between the nitrogen tank 7 and the outer pipe 5. Nitrogen can thus be introduced into the fluid volume between the fuel rail 4A and the outer pipe 5 through the filling duct 20.
  • a check valve 19 is arranged in the filling duct 20 downstream from the control valve 6 for preventing backflow from the outer pipe 5 to the nitrogen tank 7.
  • the fuel system is provided with a pressure sensor 9 for monitoring pressure in the outer pipe 5.
  • a pressure regulating valve 1 1 which is arranged between the nitrogen tank 7 and the control valve 6, controls the pressure in the filling duct 20. If the pressure in the filling duct 20 exceeds a threshold value, the pressure regulating valve 1 1 is automatically closed and prevents nitrogen flow into the filling duct 20.
  • the figures show only the fuel rail 4A as a double wall construction, preferably the whole fuel pipe 4, including the branches 4B between the fuel rail 4A and the fuel injectors 3, are provided with an outer pipe 5.
  • the fuel system is further provided with a purging duct 21 for introducing nitrogen into the fuel pipe 4.
  • the purging duct 21 is thus connected to the nitrogen tank 7 and to the fuel pipe 4.
  • the purging duct 21 is provided with a purging valve 14 for opening and closing fluid communication between the fuel pipe 4 and the nitrogen tank 7.
  • the purging valve 14 can be operated both electrically and manually.
  • the purging duct 21 further comprises a check valve 18, which is arranged downstream from the purging valve 14 for preventing flow from the fuel pipe 4 to the nitrogen tank 7.
  • the purging duct 21 is connected to one of the ports of the fuel valve 13. When the fuel valve 13 is in the first position, which is shown in figures 1 , 2 and 4, the fluid communication between the purging duct 21 and the fuel pipe 4 is open.
  • the fuel system is provided with a first discharge valve 12 and with a second discharge valve 15.
  • the first discharge valve 12 is arranged between the fuel rail 4A and the outer pipe 5.
  • the first discharge valve 12 is normally closed, but may be opened for releasing methanol from the fuel rail 4 into the outer pipe 5.
  • the second discharge valve 15 is arranged in connection with the outer pipe 5. Also the second discharge valve 15 is normally closed. Through the second discharge valve 15, methanol and nitrogen can be discharged from the outer pipe 5.
  • the first discharge valve 12 and the second discharge valve 15 can be operated both electrically and manually.
  • the operation of the engine is described next.
  • the pressure in the nitrogen tank 7 is continuously monitored by means of the pressure sensor 10. If the pressure in the nitrogen tank 7 is below a predetermined threshold value, en- gine operation on methanol is not started. The pressure needs to be high enough for ensuring proper blanketing of the fuel tank 1 and for complete purging of the fuel pipe 4. If the pressure in the nitrogen tank drops during operation on methanol below a predetermined threshold value, the engine is shut down, or if other fuel is available, the engine is switched to an operation mode, in which the alternative fuel is used. By this procedure, it can be ensured that the tank blanketing and purging system works properly for safe operation of the engine.
  • the control valve 6 Before starting operation of the engine on methanol, the control valve 6 is switched to the open position, which is shown in figure 2. Nitrogen can thus flow from the nitrogen tank 7 into the outer pipe 5. The pressure in the outer pipe 5 rises until it reaches the set value of the pressure regulating valve 1 1 . The pressure is preferably set to be approximately 7 to 20 bar. When the fluid volume has been filled with nitrogen, the control valve 6 can be closed. The pressure in the outer pipe 5 is monitored by the pressure sensor 9. If the pres- sure in the outer pipe 5 is not within a predetermined range, the operation on methanol is not started. The methanol in the fluid volume between the fuel rail 4A and the outer pipe 5 increases the safety of the fuel system.
  • the fuel valve 13 When the fuel valve 13 is switched to the first position for preventing fuel flow from the pump 2 into the fuel pipe 4, the fuel valve 13 allows flow from the purging duct 21 into the fuel pipe 4. Also the purging valve 14 is opened, and nitrogen can flow from the nitrogen tank 7 into the purging duct 21 and further into the fuel pipe 4.
  • the first discharge valve 12 is opened for allowing the mixture of methanol and nitrogen to flow from the fuel rail 4A into the outer pipe 5.
  • the second discharge valve 15 is opened, and the mixture is thus discharged from the outer pipe 5.
  • the valve positions are shown in figure 4.
  • the purging valve 14 is kept open for a sufficient amount of time for allowing the fuel pipe 4 and the outer pipe 5 to be flushed with nitrogen.
  • the fuel pipe 4 is thus completely emptied from the methanol, and no flammable fluids remain in the fuel pipe 4 when the engine is shut down or operated on different fuel. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the appended claims. For instance, although the invention has been described above in connection with an engine that is operated on methanol, it is obvious that the invention could also be utilized in connection with engines, which are operated on some other liquid fuel having similar properties as methanol.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système à carburant permettant d'introduire un carburant liquide dans les cylindres d'un moteur à piston et comprenant un réservoir de carburant (1) permettant de stocker le carburant, une pompe (2) permettant de mettre sous pression le carburant, au moins un injecteur de carburant (3) permettant d'injecter un carburant dans un cylindre du moteur, et un tuyau de carburant (4) permettant d'introduire le carburant provenant de la pompe (2) dans l'injecteur de carburant (3). Le système à carburant comprend en outre un tuyau externe (5) qui est agencé autour du tuyau de carburant (4) pour former un volume de fluide entre le tuyau de carburant (4) et le tuyau externe (5), une source de gaz inerte (7), et des moyens (6, 20) permettant d'introduire le gaz inerte provenant de la source de gaz (7) dans le volume de fluide entre le tuyau de carburant (4) et le tuyau externe (5).
PCT/FI2013/050597 2013-06-03 2013-06-03 Système à carburant et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à piston WO2014195557A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2013/050597 WO2014195557A1 (fr) 2013-06-03 2013-06-03 Système à carburant et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à piston

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2013/050597 WO2014195557A1 (fr) 2013-06-03 2013-06-03 Système à carburant et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur à piston

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WO2014195557A1 true WO2014195557A1 (fr) 2014-12-11

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115234416A (zh) * 2022-07-29 2022-10-25 中船动力研究院有限公司 一种甲醇发动机燃料系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5816283A (en) * 1997-04-01 1998-10-06 Appalachian Controls Environmental Tank blanketing system
US6032699A (en) * 1997-05-19 2000-03-07 Furon Company Fluid delivery pipe with leak detection
EP1150006A2 (fr) * 2000-04-27 2001-10-31 Wärtsilä Technology Oy AB Dispositif de détection des fuites de carburant dans un moteur à combustion interne
EP2589791A1 (fr) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-08 Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co. KG Soupape d'admission de carburant et culasse pour accueillir la soupape d'admission de carburant

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5816283A (en) * 1997-04-01 1998-10-06 Appalachian Controls Environmental Tank blanketing system
US6032699A (en) * 1997-05-19 2000-03-07 Furon Company Fluid delivery pipe with leak detection
EP1150006A2 (fr) * 2000-04-27 2001-10-31 Wärtsilä Technology Oy AB Dispositif de détection des fuites de carburant dans un moteur à combustion interne
EP2589791A1 (fr) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-08 Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co. KG Soupape d'admission de carburant et culasse pour accueillir la soupape d'admission de carburant

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115234416A (zh) * 2022-07-29 2022-10-25 中船动力研究院有限公司 一种甲醇发动机燃料系统

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