WO2014190518A1 - 负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装置 - Google Patents

负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014190518A1
WO2014190518A1 PCT/CN2013/076468 CN2013076468W WO2014190518A1 WO 2014190518 A1 WO2014190518 A1 WO 2014190518A1 CN 2013076468 W CN2013076468 W CN 2013076468W WO 2014190518 A1 WO2014190518 A1 WO 2014190518A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sand
nozzle
pipe
negative pressure
valve
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Application number
PCT/CN2013/076468
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
管九洲
王书慧
杨艳辉
王文道
杨洁
Original Assignee
中国石油天然气股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国石油天然气股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2013/076468 priority Critical patent/WO2014190518A1/zh
Publication of WO2014190518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014190518A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • E21B37/08—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells cleaning in situ of down-hole filters, screens, e.g. casing perforations, or gravel packs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sand washing and sand discharging device for an oil well, and more particularly to a negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device.
  • sand washing in oil fields in China mainly adopts sand washing methods such as positive sanding, recoil sanding, continuous positive sanding, and sand washing liquid for sewage recycling; some wells use swirling sand washing devices, and some wells still use Square tank, separation of formation sand by gravity natural sedimentation method.
  • the sand washing liquid becomes the main pollution source of the oil layer, and forms various kinds including solid phase particle blockage, emulsified water lock, organic and inorganic scale, bacterial blockage and various acid insoluble substances.
  • the type of injury brings difficulty to the production of oil wells and increases production costs.
  • the packer used in the field negative pressure flushing and sand discharging technology is a common packer, and the pressure of unsealing is large, which is not conducive to on-site operation;
  • the steering gear used in the existing negative pressure sand discharging technology has a single function It only plays a diversion effect; the current flow area of the nib for sand washing is large, so that the effect of sand washing is not ideal, resulting in a long time for sand washing, thus affecting the rate of well opening of the oil well.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device to overcome the defects of the prior art, which can greatly reduce the leakage amount of the sanding liquid and improve the pollution state of the oil layer,
  • the "green" operation provides technical support; and the device has the characteristics of simple structure and convenient operation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device, which can reduce the accident during operation to protect the casing through the cup-type rubber combined packer, and can reduce the number of operations. Conducive to environmental protection.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device, which can be increased by a sanding pen tip. Strong sand blasting effect, reduced sanding time and labor intensity, thus reducing environmental pollution.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a negative pressure combined sand blasting and forced sand discharging device, wherein the device is placed in a casing, and the top of the casing is closed by a high pressure wellhead self-sealing device, and the upper end of the casing is provided with a sanding liquid injection.
  • the negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device comprises a fuel pipe, a casing jet pump, a steering valve and a sanding pen tip connected in sequence from top to bottom, and the top end of the oil pipe is provided with an anti-discharge outlet, the punching
  • the sand tip is connected to the bottom end of the spool of the steering valve, and the bottom end of the valve body of the steering valve is connected with a cup-type rubber cartridge packer, and the sand pen tip passes through the center tube of the cup-packer combination packer Extending to the underside of the cup-and-cartridge combination packer; the outer wall of the cup-and-cartridge combination packer is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the sleeve, and the tubing, the casing jet pump and the steering valve are formed between the sleeve and the sleeve Sanding fluid injection space;
  • the casing jet pump is composed of a cylindrical body; an inner portion of the upper portion of the body is axially provided with a hole throat integrated pipe, and an upper end opening of the hole throat integrated pipe is electrically connected to the oil pipe, and the lower end opening of the hole throat integrated pipe is correspondingly spaced a first nozzle disposed on the side of the first nozzle, the first nozzle is provided with a one-way valve that is unidirectionally connected to the first nozzle, and the inlet of the one-way valve is opened through the side wall of the sleeve jet pump a through hole is electrically connected to the flushing fluid injection space; the lower portion of the body is provided with a first blind hole from the bottom to the top, and the top end of the first blind hole communicates with the spacing between the first nozzle and the integrated pipe of the throat throat;
  • the steering valve is composed of a tubular valve body and a valve core axially disposed in the valve body; the valve core has a stepped shape that is thick and thin, and the upper portion of
  • the first shear pin on the side wall of the body is fixed; the upper portion of the valve core is provided with a communication passage from the top to the bottom; the lower portion of the valve core is provided with a second blind hole from the bottom to the top, the second blind a top end of the hole is provided with a through hole to a side wall of the valve core; a side wall of the valve body is provided with a first liquid inlet, and a second liquid inlet is disposed below the first liquid inlet, and the through hole is electrically connected to the first liquid inlet;
  • the upper part of the valve body is connected to the lower end of the body of the sleeve jet pump and is electrically connected to the first blind hole, and the lower part of the valve body is a constricted nozzle, and the lower column of the valve core and the constricted nozzle Forming a flow passage; forming a positioning ring fixed by the second shear pin on the inner wall of the valve above the neck of the neck;
  • the sanding pen tip is connected to the lower tubular string by a connecting oil pipe; an annular space is formed between the sanding pen tip and the center tube of the cupping cartridge combined packer.
  • a first stepped hole is axially disposed above the spacer, and the integrated throat tube is disposed in the first stepped hole.
  • the lancet tube is composed of a cylindrical pipe and a radially-sized flared pipe connected at both ends thereof, the flared pipe at the upper end is longer than the horn-shaped pipe at the lower end;
  • the partition is made of a casing a flow guiding space formed by the opening of the sidewall of the jet pump, the outer end of the opening is sealed by the first wire plug;
  • the second stepped hole is disposed below the spacing portion, and the first nozzle is disposed from the bottom to the top
  • the second stepped hole is opposite to the horn-shaped pipe disposed at the lower end of the hole-to-one pipe, and the check valve is provided with a one-way valve, and the bottom end of the check valve is sealed by the second wire plug.
  • the outer wall structure of the integrated throat tube is the same as the first stepped hole, and the throat The integral tube seal is placed in the first stepped hole and fixed by an annular gland provided at the upper end of the first stepped hole.
  • the communication passage of the upper portion of the steering valve spool is electrically connected by the top surface of the upper portion of the spool to the annular bottom surface of the upper portion of the valve core; the communication passage includes a first passage and a second passage.
  • the first passage is disposed downward from a center of a top surface of the upper portion of the valve core, the upper end of the first passage is flared, and a bell valve is disposed in the bell mouth opening;
  • the passage is arranged upward from the annular bottom surface of the upper section of the spool.
  • the distance between the positioning ring and the annular bottom surface of the upper portion of the valve core is smaller than the axial distance between the first liquid inlet and the second liquid inlet.
  • the lower leg of the spool is coupled to the connecting tubing via an extension string.
  • the cup-type rubber cartridge combination packer includes a center tube, and the outer wall of the center tube is provided with a push sleeve, and the push sleeve is fixed to the center tube by a third shear pin;
  • the upper central pipe wall of the sleeve is provided with a support ring, and the fixed sleeve on the support ring is provided with a large end-up pressure cup;
  • the central pipe wall below the push sleeve is provided with a plurality of rubber cylinders and spacers arranged at intervals;
  • the inner side of the upper end of the push sleeve is press-fitted on the outer side of the lower end of the support ring, and the inner side of the lower end of the push sleeve is pressed on the outer side of the upper end of the uppermost rubber tube;
  • a limit sleeve is fixed on the wall of the central tube on the lower side of the lowermost rubber tube; The inner side of the upper end of the limit s
  • the upper end of the center tube is provided with an internal thread; the lower end of the center tube is provided with an external thread, and the lower end of the center tube is connected to the lower joint by an external thread.
  • a seal ring is disposed between the support ring and the outer wall of the center tube.
  • the limiting sleeve is fixed on the wall of the central tube by a limiting pin.
  • the pressure cup is sleeved on the center tube, and the lower end of the pressure cup is sleeved on the support ring; the support ring and the pressure cup have an interference fit Socket.
  • the sanding pen tip includes a tubular joint, and the upper and lower ends of the tubular joint are respectively provided with internal threads, and the inner wall of the tubular joint is provided with an annular boss; a lower side of the boss abuts against the annular boss; a tubular nib is connected to the lower end of the tubular joint through an internal thread of the lower end of the tubular joint, the upper end of the tubular nib abuts against the lower side of the nozzle disc; A stepped hole is formed in the stepped hole, and a nozzle is fixedly disposed in each stepped hole; the bottom end of the nozzle protrudes from the bottom surface of the nozzle plate, and a copper anti-blocking cap is connected to the bottom end of the nozzle.
  • the lower end of the tubular nib is a wedge-shaped tip.
  • a plurality of liquid outlet holes are formed in the pipe wall of the tubular pen tip.
  • the nozzle is axially provided with an injection hole formed by a tapered section of the upper section and a cylindrical section of the lower section.
  • the outer wall of the nozzle is the same shape as the stepped hole of the nozzle plate.
  • the nozzle is fixed in the stepped hole by an interference fit.
  • the outer wall of the bottom end of the nozzle is provided with an external thread, and the anti-blocking cap is fixed to the bottom end of the nozzle by a screw connection.
  • the three stepped holes are evenly distributed on the nozzle plate.
  • the negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device of the present invention can greatly reduce the leakage amount of the sand washing liquid, improve the contamination state of the oil layer, and provide technical guarantee for realizing "green" operation; and the device has The structure is simple and easy to operate. Through the cup-type rubber cartridge combination packer, it can reduce the number of operations and accidents during operation, and protect the casing; through the sanding pen tip, it can enhance the sand washing effect, reduce the sanding time and labor intensity, and thus reduce the environment. Pollution.
  • Figure 1 The structure diagram of the negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the casing jet pump of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the steering valve in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cup-type rubber cartridge combination packer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5A is a schematic view showing the structure of a sandblasting pen tip in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 5A.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the present invention provides a negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device 100.
  • the device 100 is driven into the casing 9.
  • the top of the casing 9 is closed by a high pressure wellhead self-sealing device 8, and the upper end of the casing 9 is closed.
  • the negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device 100 includes a fuel pipe 1, a casing jet pump 2, a steering valve 3 and a sanding pen tip 4 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom,
  • the top end of the oil pipe 1 is provided with an anti-discharge outlet 11 which is connected to the bottom end of the valve core of the steering valve 3, and the bottom end of the valve body of the steering valve 3 is connected with a cup-type rubber cartridge combined packer 5
  • the sanding tip 4 extends through the center tube 51 of the cupping cartridge combination packer 5 to below the cupping cartridge combination packer 5; the outer wall of the cupping cartridge combination packer 5
  • the inner wall of the sleeve 9 is in sealing contact, and the oil pipe 1, the sleeve jet pump 2 and the steering valve 3 and the sleeve 9 form a flushing fluid injection space 92; As shown in FIG.
  • the casing jet pump 2 is composed of a cylindrical body, and the upper end of the body is connected to the oil pipe 1 through a pipe ferrule; the inner portion of the upper portion of the body is axially provided with a hole throat integrated pipe 21, and the hole throat integrated pipe
  • the upper end opening of the first nozzle 22 is provided with a first nozzle 22 disposed at a lower portion of the first nozzle 22, and the first nozzle 22 is disposed at a lower portion of the first nozzle 22.
  • a one-way check valve 23 the inlet of the one-way valve 23 is electrically connected to the flushing fluid injection space 92 through a through hole 24 formed in the side wall of the casing jet pump 2; the lower portion of the body is provided from the bottom to the top a blind hole 25, the top end of the first blind hole 25 communicates with the spacer 26 between the first nozzle 22 and the throat integrated tube 21;
  • the steering valve 3 is composed of a tubular valve body 31 and a valve body 32 axially disposed in the valve body 31.
  • the valve core 32 has a stepped shape of a thick and thin, and the valve body 32 is The upper section is sealingly connected to the inner wall of the valve body 31, and is fixed by the first shear pin 38 on the side wall of the valve body 31; the upper section of the valve core 32 is provided with a communication passage 321 which is vertically guided from the top to the bottom;
  • the lower portion of the valve body 32 is provided with a second blind hole 322 from the bottom to the top, and the top end of the second blind hole 322 is provided with a through hole 323 toward the side wall of the valve core 32; a liquid inlet 311, a second liquid inlet 312 disposed axially spaced apart from the first liquid inlet 311, and the through hole 323 and the first liquid inlet 311 are electrically connected;
  • the upper portion of the valve body 31 is connected to the lower end of the body of the casing jet pump 2
  • the lower portion of the valve body 31 is a constricted nozzle 313, and the lower column of the valve core 32 is An overflow passage 33 is formed between the constricted nozzles 313; a second shear pin 39 is fixed on the inner wall of the valve above the constricted nozzle 313. Retaining ring 34;
  • the sanding tip 4 is connected to the lower column of the valve core 32 through a connecting oil pipe 35.
  • the lower pipe string of the valve core 32 is connected to the lower pipe string 36.
  • the oil pipe 35 is connected; an annular space 6 is formed between the sanding pen tip 4 and the center pipe of the cup rubber combination packer 5.
  • the negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device of the invention is suitable for draining mud sand of oil well low pressure leaking well; suitable for deep well and side drilling sand washing; capable of greatly reducing the leakage amount of sand washing liquid, greatly Improve the pollution of the oil layer and provide technical support for “green” operations.
  • a first stepped hole is disposed in the axial direction above the spacer portion 26, and the hole throat integrated pipe 21 is disposed.
  • the throat integrated pipe 21 is composed of a cylindrical pipe 211 and a radially-sized flared pipe 212, 213 connected at both ends thereof, and the upper end of the flared pipe 212 is longer than the lower end a flared pipe 213;
  • the partition portion 26 is a flow guiding space formed by opening a side wall of the casing jet pump, the outer end of the opening is sealed by the first wire plug 27;
  • a second stepped hole the first nozzle 22 is disposed in the second stepped hole from the bottom and the opposite side, and is disposed opposite to the flared pipe 213 of the lower end of the integrated throat tube, the first nozzle 22
  • a check valve 23 is provided on the lower side, and the bottom end of the check valve 23 is sealed and fixed by the second wire plug 28.
  • the outer wall structure of the integrated throat tube 21 is the same as the first stepped hole, and the integrated throat tube 21 is sealed and placed in the first stepped hole and is disposed by the upper end of the first stepped hole.
  • the annular gland is fixed.
  • the communication passage 321 of the upper portion of the steering valve spool 32 is electrically connected from the top surface 324 of the upper portion of the spool 32 to the annular bottom surface 325 of the upper portion of the spool;
  • the 321 includes a first passage 3211, a second passage 3212, and a communication space 3213 between the first passage and the second passage;
  • the first passage 3211 is disposed downward from a center of the top surface 324 of the upper portion of the spool, and the upper end of the first passage 3211
  • a ball valve 326 is disposed in the bell mouth opening;
  • the second channel 3212 is disposed upward from the annular bottom surface 325 of the upper portion of the valve core.
  • the distance between the positioning ring 34 and the annular bottom surface 325 of the upper portion of the valve core is smaller than the axial distance between the first liquid inlet 311 and the second liquid inlet 312.
  • the cup-and-cartridge combination packer 5 includes a center tube 51.
  • the outer wall of the center tube 51 is provided with a push sleeve 52.
  • the push sleeve 52 is fixed to the center tube 51 by a third shear pin 521.
  • a support ring 53 is disposed on the wall of the central tube 51 above the push sleeve 52.
  • a seal ring 531 is disposed between the support ring 53 and the outer wall of the center tube 51.
  • the support sleeve 53 is provided with a large end-end pressure cup. 54.
  • the pressure cup 54 is sleeved on the center tube 51, and the lower end of the pressure cup 54 is sleeved on the support ring 53.
  • the support ring 53 is sleeved with the pressure cup 54 through an interference fit.
  • the wall of the central tube 51 under the push sleeve 52 is provided with a plurality of spaced apart rubber cylinders 55 and spacers 56.
  • three rubber cylinders and two spacer rings are provided, and the respective rubber cylinders 55 are respectively.
  • the inner side of the upper end of the push sleeve 52 is press-fitted on the outer side of the lower end of the support ring 53, and the inner side of the lower end of the push sleeve 52 is pressed on the outer side of the upper end of the uppermost rubber tube 55;
  • the central tube 51 on the lower side of the next cartridge 55 is fixed on the wall of the tube Sets bit 57, the stopper 57 sets a limit pin 571 fixed to the center of the tube wall 51, the upper end of the stopper sleeve 57 provided in the inner pressure of the lowermost outer side of a lower end 55 of the plastic tube.
  • the upper end of the central tube 51 is provided with an internal thread connecting the bottom end of the valve body of the steering valve 3; the lower end of the central tube 51 is provided with an external thread, and the lower end of the central tube 51 is externally threaded. It is connected to the lower joint 58; the limit sleeve 57 is pressed against the lowermost rubber cylinder 55, and then fixed to the outer wall of the lower joint 58 by the limit pin 571.
  • the rubber cylinder 55 Due to the action of the limit sleeve 57, the rubber cylinder 55 is restricted from moving down, so that the rubber bucket 55 is compressed, and the oil jacket is sealed, so that the sand discharge is fast. When the sand is finished, the pressure is stopped. Since the time for sand washing is relatively short, the rubber cylinder 55 does not undergo adverse reactions such as carbonization, and still maintains good elasticity. At this time, the rubber cylinder 55 will bounce back and unseal pressure. Relatively small, will not produce no for the next job Good reaction.
  • the sanding pen tip 4 includes a tubular joint 41.
  • the upper and lower ends of the tubular joint 41 are respectively provided with internal threads, and the inner wall of the tubular joint 41 is provided with an annular boss 411;
  • the disk 42 is abutted against the annular boss 411 by the lower side of the annular boss 411;
  • a tubular tip 43 is connected to the lower end of the tubular joint 41 by the internal thread of the lower end of the tubular joint 41, and the upper end of the tubular tip 43 abuts against the nozzle plate 42.
  • the lower end of the tubular tip 43 is a wedge-shaped tip, and the tubular pen tip 43 is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet holes 431 on the tube wall;
  • the nozzle disk 42 is provided with three stepped holes 421 which are large and small, such as As shown in FIG. 5B, the three stepped holes 421 are evenly distributed on the nozzle plate 42, and a second nozzle 44 is fixedly disposed in each of the stepped holes 421, and the second nozzle 44 is provided with an injection hole 441 in the axial direction.
  • the nozzle hole 441 is composed of a tapered section 4411 of the upper section and a cylindrical section 4412 of the lower section; the outer wall of the second nozzle 44 has the same step shape as the stepped hole 421 of the nozzle disk 42, and the second nozzle 44 passes through The fit is fixed in the stepped hole 4 21; the bottom end of the second nozzle 44 protrudes from the bottom surface of the nozzle plate 42, and a copper anti-blocking cap 45 is connected to the bottom end of the second nozzle 44 to prevent the sand pen tip from entering the wellbore
  • the nozzle is blocked by the sediment in the wellbore; in the embodiment, the outer wall of the bottom end of the nozzle 44 is provided with an external thread, and the anti-blocking cap 45 is fixed to the bottom end of the nozzle 44 by a screw connection.
  • the tip end portion of the tubular tip of the sanding pen tip is inserted into the mud sand in the wellbore, which has a certain destructive effect on the strength of the muddy sand, and plays a certain auxiliary role for the subsequent sand washing operation.
  • the sanding liquid is driven from the ground to the sanding pen tip, it is initially due to the action of the anti-blocking cap (the anti-blocking cap will seal the nozzle), and the pressure in the wellbore is increased; when the pressure is increased to a certain level, the anti-blocking is prevented.
  • the cap (made of metal copper) is broken, and the liquid starts to sand; because the nozzle of the second nozzle is tapered in the upper section and the thin section in the lower section, the sanding liquid is changed from high pressure to high speed, which is beneficial to improve the sand washing effect; At the beginning of sand washing, the tip of the nib may be blocked by mud and sand, and a part of the sanding liquid is discharged from the liquid outlet on the nib; this is continuously sanding until the sanding operation is completed.
  • the assembled pipe string as shown in Figure 1 is lowered into the casing of the wellbore, and the ground process is connected, and the sanding liquid is injected from the sanding liquid injection port 91, and the sanding liquid passes through the injection.
  • the flow space 92 enters the well from the through hole 24 of the casing jet pump and the first inlet port 311 of the steering valve (the ratio of the opening of the two positions is proportional to a certain ratio); wherein, a part of the flushing liquid passes through the casing jet pump
  • the one-way valve 23, the first nozzle 22 and the throat integrated pipe 21, and the reverse liquid discharge port 11 of the oil pipe 1 enter the ground process device.
  • the inlet port 311 enters the well, the pressure is controlled by the ground device, and the pressure required to start sand washing is small, the first shear pin 38 is not cut; when the liquid enters the sand pen tip, the tip end portion of the pen tip is inserted into the wellbore In the muddy sand, it has a certain destructive effect on the strength of the muddy sand, and plays a role in the subsequent sand washing operation. A certain auxiliary effect; When the sanding liquid is driven from the ground to the nib, the pressure in the wellbore is increased due to the action of the anti-blocking cap 45.
  • the anti-blocking cap 54 (made of metal copper) The rupture, the liquid begins to sand, because the upper part of the nozzle hole of the second nozzle 44 is tapered, and the lower part is a thin cylindrical shape, and the sand washing liquid is changed from high pressure to high speed, which is beneficial to improve the sand blasting effect;
  • the tip is blocked by mud and a part of the sand is discharged from the side hole on the pen tip; this is continuously sanded until the sanding operation is completed.
  • the sand-containing sand washing liquid flows back to the upper end surface of the spool of the steering valve through the annular space 6, the flow passage 33 and the communication passage 321, and continues to move upward under the action of the pressure, when transported to the casing jet pump 2 At this time, a part of the high-speed sand washing liquid flows through the first nozzle 22 to the hole-throttle integrated pipe 21, and a relatively negative pressure is formed around the outlet of the first nozzle 22, thereby attracting the sanding liquid entering the hole which is reversely discharged from below.
  • the throat integrated pipe 21 is mixed with the original sanding liquid, and after passing through the hole throat integrated pipe, the high speed fluid becomes a high pressure slow fluid, and enters the ground process device through the return pipe discharge port 11 of the oil pipe.
  • the ground pressure pump When sand is required to be discharged, the ground pressure pump is pressurized by the return liquid discharge port 11, since the check valve 23 is provided with a check valve 23 below the first nozzle 22, and the ball valve 326 is provided at the upper end of the steering valve, The pressure of the pressure acts only on the top surface of the steering valve spool 32, thereby causing the first shear pin 38 to be sheared, but the pressure at this time is less than the shearing pressure of the second shear pin 39, at which time the spool 32 is moved downward, first The liquid inlet 311 is closed; when the pressure reaches the shearing pressure of the third shear pin 521, the third shear pin 521 is cut; at this time, the pressure cup 54 pushes the push sleeve 52 and the support ring 53 downward, due to the limit The action of the sleeve 57 restricts the downward movement of the rubber cylinder, so that the rubber cylinder is compressed, and the oil seal ring is tightly sealed.
  • valve core 32 When the pipe string is required to be lifted, the valve core 32 is pressurized by the reverse liquid discharge port 11, and the valve core 32 is moved downward. When the pressure reaches the shearing pressure of the second shear pin 39, the second shear pin 39 is pressed.
  • the valve body 31 When the pipe string is lifted up, the valve body 31 is lifted up, and the valve core 32 is relatively stationary. At this time, the through hole 323 of the valve body 32 and the second liquid inlet 312 of the valve body are relatively conductive, so that the skin
  • the rubber tube of the bowl-type combination packer is connected to the upper and lower space. At this time, the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the rubber tube disappears, and the rubber tube will bounce back under the action of its own elastic force and upward pulling force.
  • the deblocking pressure is relatively small, no It will have an adverse effect on the next step; at this point, the string can be completed and the sand discharging operation can be completed.
  • the negative pressure combined sand washing and forced sand discharging device of the present invention can greatly reduce the leakage amount of the sand washing liquid, improve the contamination state of the oil layer, and provide technical guarantee for realizing "green" operation; and the device has The structure is simple and easy to operate.
  • the cup-type rubber cartridge combination packer Through the cup-type rubber cartridge combination packer, it can reduce the number of operations and accidents during operation, and protect the casing; through the sanding pen tip, it can enhance the sand washing effect, reduce the sanding time and labor intensity, and thus reduce the environment. Pollution.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装置，该装置由上至下依次连接有油管、套管射流泵、转向阀和冲砂笔尖，油管顶端设有反排液出口，冲砂笔尖连接于转向阀的阀芯底端，转向阀的阀体底端连接有皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器，冲砂笔尖穿过封隔器的中心管延伸至封隔器下方；该装置大幅度降低冲砂液的漏失量，改善油层受污染状况，实现"绿色"作业。

Description

负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置 技术领域 本发明是关于一种油井的冲砂及排砂装置， 尤其涉及一种负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装 置。 背景技术 目前， 我国油田冲砂主要采用正冲砂、 反冲砂、连续性正冲砂等冲砂方法， 冲砂液为 污水循环使用； 有些井使用旋流冲砂装置， 还有些井仍然使用方罐， 靠重力自然沉降法分 离地层砂。 由于冲砂装置和冲砂方法的落后， 冲砂液成为油层的主要污染源， 形成了包括 固相颗粒堵塞、乳化水锁、有机和无机结垢、细菌堵塞以及多种酸不溶物堵塞的多种伤害 类型， 给油井生产带来难度， 增加了生产成本。
在油田中低压井冲砂时，采用普通的冲砂方法容易造成使一部分冲砂液进入到油层中 去污染油层， 使油井冲砂达不到理想效果。 而现有的负压冲砂装置使用冲排砂同时进行， 而不能分开进行， 这就造成排砂工作时间较长， 使现场操作人员的劳动强度较大， 而且易 造成环境污染， 使返出液处理量较大， 不满足环保要求。 目前现场负压冲排砂技术中使用 的封隔器是普通的封隔器， 其解封的压力较大， 不利于现场作业； 现有的负压冲排砂技术 中使用的转向器功能单一， 只起到了分流作用； 现有冲砂用的笔尖过流面积较大， 从而使 冲砂的效果不理想， 导致冲砂的时间较长， 从而影响到油井的开井时率。
由此， 本发明人凭借多年从事相关行业的经验与实践， 提出一种负压联合冲砂、强制 排砂装置， 以克服现有技术的缺陷。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 以克服现有技术的缺陷， 该装置可大幅度降低冲砂液的漏失量， 改善油层受污染状况， 为实现 "绿色"作业提供技 术保障； 且该装置具有结构简单、 操作方便的特点。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装置，通过皮碗胶筒组合式 封隔器，可以减少作业时的事故发生， 以保护套管； 能够减少作业次数，有利于环境保护。
本发明的再一目的在于提供一种负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 通过冲砂笔尖， 可增 强冲砂效果、 减少冲砂时间和劳动强度， 进而减少对环境的污染。
本发明的目的是这样实现的， 一种负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 该装置下入在套管 中，套管顶部由高压井口自封装置封闭，套管上端设有冲砂液注入口；所述负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置由上至下包括依次连接的油管、 套管射流泵、 转向阀和冲砂笔尖， 所述油管 顶端设有反排液出口， 所述冲砂笔尖连接于转向阀的阀芯底端， 转向阀的阀体底端连接有 皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器，所述冲砂笔尖穿过皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器的中心管延伸至皮碗胶 筒组合式封隔器的下方；所述皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器外壁与套管内壁密封接触，所述油管、 套管射流泵和转向阀与套管之间形成冲砂液注流空间；
所述套管射流泵由一圆柱状本体构成； 该本体上段内部轴向设有一孔喉一体管， 所述 孔喉一体管的上端开口导通于油管，孔喉一体管的下端开口间隔地对应设有一喷口朝向孔 喉一体管设置的第一喷嘴， 该第一喷嘴下部设有一与该第一喷嘴单向导通的单向阀， 该单 向阀的进口通过套管射流泵侧壁上开设的一通孔与冲砂液注流空间导通；该本体下段由下 向上设有第一盲孔， 所述第一盲孔的顶端连通于第一喷嘴与孔喉一体管之间的间隔部； 所述转向阀由管状阀体和轴向设置在阀体内的阀芯构成；所述阀芯呈上粗下细的阶梯 状， 所述阀芯的上段与阀体内壁密封滑设连接， 并由阀体侧壁上的第一剪断销钉固定； 所 述阀芯的上段设有由上向下单向导通的连通通道； 所述阀芯的下段由下向上设有第二盲 孔， 该第二盲孔的顶端向阀芯的侧壁设有透孔； 所述阀体侧壁设有第一进液口， 第一进液 口下方设有与其轴向间隔设置的第二进液口， 所述透孔与第一进液口导通设置； 所述阀体 上部连接于套管射流泵的本体下端并与第一盲孔导通， 所述阀体下部呈缩口状管口， 所述 阀芯的下段管柱与所述缩口状管口之间形成过流通道；在缩口状管口上方的阀体内壁上设 有一由第二剪断销钉固定的定位环；
所述冲砂笔尖通过连接油管连接于阀芯下段管柱上；所述冲砂笔尖与皮碗胶筒组合式 封隔器的中心管之间形成环形空间。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 在所述套管射流泵的本体中， 位于所述间隔部上方轴 向设有第一阶梯孔， 所述孔喉一体管设置在该第一阶梯孔内； 该孔喉一体管由圆柱形管道 和其两端连接的径向尺寸渐扩的喇叭形管道构成，所述上端的喇叭形管道长于下端的喇叭 形管道； 所述间隔部是由套管射流泵侧壁开孔而形成的一导流空间， 该开孔的外端由第一 丝堵密封； 所述间隔部下方设有第二阶梯孔， 所述第一喷嘴由下向上设置在该第二阶梯孔 中并穿设于所述间隔部与孔喉一体管下端的喇叭形管道相对， 所述喷嘴下侧设置单向阀， 所述单向阀的底端由第二丝堵密封固定。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述孔喉一体管的外壁结构与第一阶梯孔相同， 孔喉 一体管密封放置于第一阶梯孔内并由第一阶梯孔上端设置的环形压盖固定。 在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述转向阀阀芯上段的连通通道是由阀芯上段的顶面 向阀芯上段的环形底面导通的； 所述连通通道包括第一通道、第二通道及两者之间的连通 空间； 所述第一通道由阀芯上段的顶面中心向下设置， 第一通道上端呈喇叭口状， 该喇叭 口状开口内设有一球阀； 所述第二通道由阀芯上段的环形底面向上设置。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述定位环与阀芯上段环形底面之间的距离小于第一 进液口与第二进液口之间的轴向距离。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述阀芯的下段管柱通过一延伸管柱与所述连接油管 连接。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器包括有中心管， 中心管外 壁设有推动套， 该推动套是由第三剪断销钉固定于中心管； 推动套上方的中心管管壁设有 支撑环， 支撑环上固定套设有大端向上的承压皮碗； 推动套下方的中心管管壁设有多个间 隔设置的胶筒和隔环； 所述推动套上端内侧压设于支撑环的下端外侧， 所述推动套下端内 侧压设于最上一个胶筒上端外侧； 在最下一个胶筒下侧的中心管管壁上固定设有限位套， 该限位套上端内侧压设于最下一个胶筒的下端外侧。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述中心管上端设有内螺纹； 所述中心管下端设有外 螺纹， 中心管下端通过外螺纹与一下接头连接。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述支撑环与中心管外壁之间设有密封圈。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述限位套由限位销钉固定在中心管管壁上。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述承压皮碗套在中心管上， 承压皮碗下端套设在支 撑环上； 所述支撑环与承压皮碗之间为过盈配合套接。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述冲砂笔尖包括一管状接头， 该管状接头的上、下 端分别设有内螺纹， 该管状接头的内壁设有环形凸台； 一喷嘴盘由环形凸台下侧抵靠于该 环形凸台； 一管状笔尖通过管状接头下端的内螺纹连接于管状接头下端， 该管状笔尖的上 端抵靠在喷嘴盘的下侧； 所述喷嘴盘上设有三个上大下小的阶梯孔， 各阶梯孔中固定设置 一喷嘴； 所述喷嘴底端凸出于喷嘴盘的底面， 一铜制防堵帽连接在喷嘴的底端。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述管状笔尖的下端为楔形尖端。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述管状笔尖的管壁上设有多个出液孔。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述喷嘴内轴向设有喷孔， 该喷孔由上段的锥形段和 下段的圆柱段构成。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中，所述喷嘴的外壁为与喷嘴盘的阶梯孔形状相同的阶梯 形， 所述喷嘴由过盈配合固定在阶梯孔中。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述喷嘴底端外壁设有外螺纹， 防堵帽通过螺纹连接 固定在喷嘴的底端。
在本发明的一较佳实施方式中， 所述三个阶梯孔是均布在喷嘴盘上的。
由上所述，本发明的负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装置，能够大幅度降低冲砂液的漏失量， 改善油层受污染状况， 为实现 "绿色"作业提供技术保障； 且该装置具有结构简单、 操作 方便的特点。 通过皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器， 可以减少作业次数和作业时的事故发生， 保护 套管； 通过冲砂笔尖， 可增强冲砂效果、 减少冲砂时间和劳动强度， 进而减少对环境的污 染。 附图说明 以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释， 并不限定本发明的范围。 其中: 图 1 : 为本发明负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置的结构示意图。
图 2: 为本发明中套管射流泵的结构示意图。
图 3: 为本发明中转向阀的结构示意图。
图 4: 为本发明中皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器的结构示意图。
图 5A: 为本发明中冲砂笔尖的结构示意图。
图 5B: 为图 5A中 A-A处剖视示意图。 具体实施方式 为了对本发明的技术特征、 目的和效果有更加清楚的理解， 现对照附图说明本发明的 具体实施方式。
如图 1所示， 本发明提出一种负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置 100， 该装置 100下入在 套管 9中， 套管 9顶部由高压井口自封装置 8封闭， 套管 9上端设有冲砂液注入口 91 ; 所述负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置 100由上至下包括依次连接的油管 1、 套管射流泵 2、 转向阀 3和冲砂笔尖 4， 所述油管 1顶端设有反排液出口 11， 所述冲砂笔尖 4连接于转向 阀 3的阀芯底端， 转向阀 3的阀体底端连接有皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5， 所述冲砂笔尖 4 穿过皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5的中心管 51延伸至皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5的下方； 所述 皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5外壁与套管 9内壁密封接触， 所述油管 1、 套管射流泵 2和转向 阀 3与套管 9之间形成冲砂液注流空间 92; 如图 2所示， 所述套管射流泵 2由一圆柱状本体构成， 本体上端通过管箍与油管 1连 接； 该本体上段内部轴向设有一孔喉一体管 21， 所述孔喉一体管 21的上端开口导通于油 管 1， 孔喉一体管 21 的下端开口间隔地对应设有一喷口朝向孔喉一体管设置的第一喷嘴 22， 该第一喷嘴 22下部设有一与该第一喷嘴 22单向导通的单向阀 23， 该单向阀 23的进 口通过套管射流泵 2侧壁上开设的一通孔 24与冲砂液注流空间 92导通；该本体下段由下 向上设有第一盲孔 25， 所述第一盲孔 25的顶端连通于第一喷嘴 22与孔喉一体管 21之间 的间隔部 26;
如图 3所示， 所述转向阀 3由管状阀体 31和轴向设置在阀体 31内的阀芯 32构成； 所述阀芯 32呈上粗下细的阶梯状， 所述阀芯 32的上段与阀体 31内壁密封滑设连接， 并 由阀体 31侧壁上的第一剪断销钉 38固定； 所述阀芯 32的上段设有由上向下单向导通的 连通通道 321 ; 所述阀芯 32的下段由下向上设有第二盲孔 322， 该第二盲孔 322的顶端向 阀芯 32的侧壁设有透孔 323; 所述阀体 31侧壁设有第一进液口 311， 第一进液口 311下 方设有与该第一进液口 311轴向间隔设置的第二进液口 312， 所述透孔 323与第一进液口 311导通设置； 所述阀体 31上部连接于套管射流泵 2的本体下端并与第一盲孔 25导通， 所述阀体 31下部呈缩口状管口 313， 所述阀芯 32的下段管柱与所述缩口状管口 313之间 形成过流通道 33; 在缩口状管口 313上方的阀体内壁上设有一由第二剪断销钉 39固定的 定位环 34;
如图 1、图 3所示，所述冲砂笔尖 4是通过连接油管 35连接于阀芯 32下段管柱上的， 所述阀芯 32的下段管柱通过一延伸管柱 36与所述连接油管 35连接； 所述冲砂笔尖 4与 皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5的中心管之间形成环形空间 6。
由上所述，本发明的负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装置，适用于油田低压漏失井排油泥砂; 适用于深井及侧钻井冲砂； 能够大幅度降低冲砂液的漏失量， 大大改善油层受污染状况， 为实现 "绿色"作业提供技术保障。
进一步， 如图 2所示， 在本实施方式中， 在所述套管射流泵 2的本体中， 位于所述间 隔部 26上方轴向设有第一阶梯孔， 所述孔喉一体管 21设置在该第一阶梯孔内； 该孔喉一 体管 21由圆柱形管道 211和其两端连接的径向尺寸渐扩的喇叭形管道 212、 213构成， 所 述上端的喇叭形管道 212长于下端的喇叭形管道 213; 所述间隔部 26是由套管射流泵侧 壁开孔而形成的一导流空间， 该开孔的外端由第一丝堵 27密封； 所述间隔部 26下方设有 第二阶梯孔，所述第一喷嘴 22由下向上设置在该第二阶梯孔中并穿设于所述间隔部 26与 孔喉一体管下端的喇叭形管道 213相对， 所述第一喷嘴 22下侧设置单向阀 23， 所述单向 阀 23的底端由第二丝堵 28密封固定。 在本实施方式中， 如图 2所示， 所述孔喉一体管 21的外壁结构与第一阶梯孔相同， 孔喉一体管 21密封放置于第一阶梯孔内并由第一阶梯孔上端设置的环形压盖固定。
如图 3所示， 在本实施方式中， 所述转向阀阀芯 32上段的连通通道 321是由阀芯 32 上段的顶面 324向阀芯上段的环形底面 325导通的；所述连通通道 321包括第一通道 3211、 第二通道 3212及第一通道和第二通道之间的连通空间 3213; 所述第一通道 3211 由阀芯 上段的顶面 324中心向下设置， 第一通道 3211上端呈喇叭口状， 该喇叭口状开口内设有 一球阀 326; 所述第二通道 3212由阀芯上段的环形底面 325向上设置。
进一步， 如图 3所示， 所述定位环 34与阀芯上段环形底面 325之间的距离小于第一 进液口 311与第二进液口 312之间的轴向距离。
如图 4所示， 所述皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5包括有中心管 51， 中心管 51外壁设有推 动套 52， 该推动套 52是由第三剪断销钉 521固定于中心管 51上； 推动套 52上方的中心 管 51管壁设有支撑环 53， 支撑环 53与中心管 51外壁之间设有密封圈 531， 支撑环 53上 固定套设有大端向上的承压皮碗 54， 该承压皮碗 54套在中心管 51上， 承压皮碗 54下端 套设在支撑环 53上； 所述支撑环 53是通过过盈配合与承压皮碗 54套设在一起的； 推动 套 52下方的中心管 51管壁设有多个间隔设置的胶筒 55和隔环 56， 在本实施方式中， 设 置三个胶筒和两个隔环， 所述各个胶筒 55分别通过过盈配合套设在中心管 51上； 所述推 动套 52上端内侧压设于支撑环 53的下端外侧， 所述推动套 52下端内侧压设于最上一个 胶筒 55的上端外侧； 在最下一个胶筒 55下侧的中心管 51管壁上固定设有限位套 57， 该 限位套 57由限位销钉 571固定在中心管 51的管壁上， 该限位套 57上端内侧压设于最下 一个胶筒 55的下端外侧。
在本实施方式中， 如图 4所示， 所述中心管 51上端设有连接转向阀 3的阀体底端的 内螺纹； 所述中心管 51下端设有外螺纹， 中心管 51下端通过外螺纹与一下接头 58连接; 所述限位套 57压在最下一个胶筒 55上， 然后通过限位销钉 571固定在下接头 58的外壁 上。
当所述皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5下入到套管 9中时， 由于承压皮碗 54与套管 9是过 盈配合接触， 当需要压力较低冲砂时， 承压皮碗 54完全可以满足需要； 当冲完砂时需要 较大排量时， 从油套环空打压较高， 此时的压力达到剪断销钉 521的剪断压力时， 剪断销 钉 521剪断； 此时承压皮碗 54推动推动套 52及支撑环 53向下移动， 由于限位套 57的作 用， 限制了胶筒 55下移， 使胶桶 55被压缩， 封住油套环空， 使排砂很快完成； 当冲完砂 时， 停止打压， 由于冲砂的时间相对较短， 胶筒 55不会发生碳化等不良反应， 依旧保持 良好的弹性， 此时胶筒 55就会反弹回去， 解封压力相对较小， 不会对下一步作业产生不 良反应。
如图 5A、 图 5B所示， 所述冲砂笔尖 4包括一管状接头 41， 该管状接头 41的上、 下 端分别设有内螺纹，该管状接头 41的内壁设有环形凸台 411 ;一喷嘴盘 42由环形凸台 411 下侧抵靠于该环形凸台 411 ; 一管状笔尖 43通过管状接头 41下端的内螺纹连接于管状接 头 41下端， 该管状笔尖 43的上端抵靠在喷嘴盘 42的下侧， 该管状笔尖 43的下端为楔形 尖端， 所述管状笔尖 43的管壁上设有多个出液孔 431 ; 所述喷嘴盘 42上设有三个上大下 小的阶梯孔 421， 如图 5B所示， 所述三个阶梯孔 421是均布在喷嘴盘 42上的， 各阶梯孔 421中固定设置一第二喷嘴 44， 所述第二喷嘴 44内轴向设有喷孔 441， 该喷孔 441由上 段的锥形段 4411和下段的圆柱段 4412构成；所述第二喷嘴 44的外壁为与喷嘴盘 42的阶 梯孔 421形状相同的阶梯形， 所述第二喷嘴 44通过过盈配合方式固定在阶梯孔 421中； 所述第二喷嘴 44底端凸出于喷嘴盘 42的底面，一铜制防堵帽 45连接在第二喷嘴 44的底 端，用以防止该冲砂笔尖向井筒下入过程中，喷嘴被井筒内的泥沙堵住；在本实施方式中， 所述喷嘴 44底端外壁设有外螺纹， 防堵帽 45通过螺纹连接固定在喷嘴 44的底端。
当冲砂笔尖下入到井筒中时， 冲砂笔尖的管状笔尖尖端部分插入到井筒中的泥砂中， 对泥砂的强度起到一定的破坏作用， 对后续的冲砂作业起到一定的辅助作用； 当冲砂液从 地面打入到冲砂笔尖时， 刚开始由于防堵帽的作用 （此时防堵帽将喷嘴封堵）， 井筒内压 力提高； 当压力提高到一定强度时， 防堵帽（由金属铜制成的）破裂， 液体开始冲砂； 由 于第二喷嘴的喷孔是上段为锥形， 下段为细圆柱形， 冲砂液由高压变高速， 有利于提高冲 砂效果； 刚开始冲砂时， 可能由于笔尖尖端部被泥砂堵住，一部分冲砂液是从笔尖上的出 液孔排出去的； 这样不断的冲砂直到完成冲砂作业。
下面对本发明负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置的使用过程作出描述：
当油井需要冲砂时， 将如图 1所示装配完好的管柱下入井筒的套管中，连接好地面工 艺流程， 从冲砂液注入口 91打入冲砂液， 冲砂液通过注流空间 92从套管射流泵的通孔 24以及转向阀第一进液口 311两个位置（两个位置开口的比例按一定的比例）进入井内； 其中， 一部分冲砂液经套管射流泵的单向阀 23、第一喷嘴 22和孔喉一体管 21、油管 1的 反排液出口 11进入地面工艺流程装置。当从油套环空（冲砂液注流空间 92 )打入液体时， 由于皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器 5的承压皮碗 54与套管 9之间的过盈配合， 所以在较小的压 力下冲砂液不会经承压皮碗 54穿过（即封住了冲砂液的油套环形空间的向下的通道）， 液 体由转向阀的阀体 31上的第一进液口 311进入井内， 压力由地面装置控制， 刚开始冲砂 的时候需要的压力较小， 第一剪断销钉 38不剪断； 当液体进入到冲砂笔尖时， 笔尖尖端 部分插入到井筒中的泥砂中， 对泥砂的强度起到一定的破坏作用，对后序的冲砂作业起到 一定的辅助作用； 当冲砂液从地面打入到笔尖部时， 刚开始由于防堵帽 45的作用， 井筒 内压力提高， 当压力提高到一定强度时， 防堵帽 54 (由金属铜制成）破裂， 液体开始冲 砂， 由于第二喷嘴 44的喷孔上部是锥形的， 下部是细圆柱形， 冲砂液由高压变高速， 有 利于提高冲砂效果； 刚开始时可能由于笔尖端部被泥砂堵住， 一部分冲砂液会从笔尖上的 侧孔排出去； 这样不断的冲砂直到完成冲砂作业。
含砂冲砂液经环形空间 6、 过流通道 33和连通通道 321上反到转向阀的阀芯上端面， 并在压力的作用下继续向上运移， 当运移到套管射流泵 2时， 此时已有部分高速冲砂液经 第一喷嘴 22向孔喉一体管 21流去， 此时第一喷嘴 22出口周围形成相对的负压， 吸引从 下面反排上来的冲砂液进入孔喉一体管 21与原冲砂液混合， 经过孔喉一体管后高速流体 变成高压慢速流体， 经油管的返排液出口 11进入地面工艺装置。
当需要排砂时， 由地面加压泵通过返排液出口 11加压， 由于套管射流泵内第一喷嘴 22下方设有单向阀 23， 以及转向阀上端设有球阀 326， 因此， 加压的压力只作用到转向 阀阀芯 32的顶面， 进而使第一剪断销钉 38被剪断， 但此时的压力小于第二剪断销钉 39 的剪断压力， 此时阀芯 32下移， 第一进液口 311被关闭； 当压力达到第三剪断销钉 521 的剪断压力时， 第三剪断销钉 521被剪断； 此时承压皮碗 54推动推动套 52及支撑环 53 向下移动， 由于限位套 57的作用限制胶筒下移， 使胶筒被压缩， 使油套环空密封性加强， 此时冲砂液全部经套管射流泵 2流入油管 1中， 并从反排液出口排出； 此时由于压力比较 高， 所以流经第一喷嘴 22的冲砂液的流速大大增加， 使负压抽吸作用增强， 使排砂速度 加快， 此时冲砂液完全经套管射流泵排出地面。
当冲砂完毕需要上提管柱时， 再由反排液出口 11向阀芯 32加压， 阀芯 32向下移动， 当压力达到第二剪断销钉 39的剪断压力时， 第二剪断销钉 39被剪断， 此时， 上提管柱使 阀体 31上提， 阀芯 32相对不动， 此时， 阀芯 32的透孔 323与阀体的第二进液口 312相 对导通， 使皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器的胶筒上下空间相通， 此时胶筒上下压力差消失， 胶筒 就会在自身的弹力及向上的拉力作用下， 反弹回去， 解封压力相对较小， 不会对下一步作 业产生不良影响； 此时， 起出管柱即可完成冲排砂作业。
由上所述，本发明的负压联合冲砂、强制排砂装置，能够大幅度降低冲砂液的漏失量， 改善油层受污染状况， 为实现 "绿色"作业提供技术保障； 且该装置具有结构简单、 操作 方便的特点。通过皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器， 可以减少作业次数和作业时的事故发生， 保护 套管； 通过冲砂笔尖， 可增强冲砂效果、减少冲砂时间和劳动强度， 进而减少对环境的污 染。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式， 并非用以限定本发明的范围。 任何本 领域的技术人员， 在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作出的等同变化与修改， 均应 属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 该装置下入在套管中， 套管顶部由高压井口 自封装置封闭， 套管上端设有冲砂液注入口； 其特征在于： 所述负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂 装置由上至下包括依次连接的油管、 套管射流泵、 转向阀和冲砂笔尖， 所述油管顶端设有 反排液出口， 所述冲砂笔尖连接于转向阀的阀芯底端， 转向阀的阀体底端连接有皮碗胶筒 组合式封隔器，所述冲砂笔尖穿过皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器的中心管延伸至皮碗胶筒组合式 封隔器的下方； 所述皮碗胶筒组合式封隔器外壁与套管内壁密封接触， 所述油管、 套管射 流泵和转向阀与套管之间形成冲砂液注流空间；
所述套管射流泵由一圆柱状本体构成； 该本体上段内部轴向设有一孔喉一体管， 所述 孔喉一体管的上端开口导通于油管，孔喉一体管的下端开口间隔地对应设有一喷口朝向孔 喉一体管设置的第一喷嘴， 该第一喷嘴下部设有一与该第一喷嘴单向导通的单向阀， 该单 向阀的进口通过套管射流泵侧壁上开设的一通孔与冲砂液注流空间导通；该本体下段由下 向上设有第一盲孔， 所述第一盲孔的顶端连通于第一喷嘴与孔喉一体管之间的间隔部； 所述转向阀由管状阀体和轴向设置在阀体内的阀芯构成；所述阀芯呈上粗下细的阶梯 状， 所述阀芯的上段与阀体内壁密封滑设连接， 并由阀体侧壁上的第一剪断销钉固定； 所 述阀芯的上段设有由上向下单向导通的连通通道； 所述阀芯的下段由下向上设有第二盲 孔， 该第二盲孔的顶端向阀芯的侧壁设有透孔； 所述阀体侧壁设有第一进液口， 第一进液 口下方设有与其轴向间隔设置的第二进液口， 所述透孔与第一进液口导通设置； 所述阀体 上部连接于套管射流泵的本体下端并与第一盲孔导通， 所述阀体下部呈缩口状管口， 所述 阀芯的下段管柱与所述缩口状管口之间形成过流通道；在缩口状管口上方的阀体内壁上设 有一由第二剪断销钉固定的定位环；
所述冲砂笔尖通过连接油管连接于阀芯下段管柱上；所述冲砂笔尖与皮碗胶筒组合式 封隔器的中心管之间形成环形空间。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 在所述套管射 流泵的本体中， 位于所述间隔部上方轴向设有第一阶梯孔， 所述孔喉一体管设置在该第一 阶梯孔内； 该孔喉一体管由圆柱形管道和其两端连接的径向尺寸渐扩的喇叭形管道构成， 所述上端的喇叭形管道长于下端的喇叭形管道；所述间隔部是由套管射流泵侧壁开孔而形 成的一导流空间， 该开孔的外端由第一丝堵密封； 所述间隔部下方设有第二阶梯孔， 所述 第一喷嘴由下向上设置在该第二阶梯孔中并穿设于所述间隔部与孔喉一体管下端的喇叭 形管道相对， 所述喷嘴下侧设置单向阀， 所述单向阀的底端由第二丝堵密封固定。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述孔喉一体 管的外壁结构与第一阶梯孔相同，孔喉一体管密封放置于第一阶梯孔内并由第一阶梯孔上 端设置的环形压盖固定。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述转向阀阀 芯上段的连通通道是由阀芯上段的顶面向阀芯上段的环形底面导通的；所述连通通道包括 第一通道、第二通道及两者之间的连通空间； 所述第一通道由阀芯上段的顶面中心向下设 置， 第一通道上端呈喇叭口状， 该喇叭口状开口内设有一球阀； 所述第二通道由阀芯上段 的环形底面向上设置。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述定位环与 阀芯上段环形底面之间的距离小于第一进液口与第二进液口之间的轴向距离。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述阀芯的下 段管柱通过一延伸管柱与所述连接油管连接。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述皮碗胶筒 组合式封隔器包括有中心管， 中心管外壁设有推动套， 该推动套是由第三剪断销钉固定于 中心管；推动套上方的中心管管壁设有支撑环，支撑环上固定套设有大端向上的承压皮碗; 推动套下方的中心管管壁设有多个间隔设置的胶筒和隔环；所述推动套上端内侧压设于支 撑环的下端外侧， 所述推动套下端内侧压设于最上一个胶筒上端外侧； 在最下一个胶筒下 侧的中心管管壁上固定设有限位套， 该限位套上端内侧压设于最下一个胶筒的下端外侧。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述中心管上 端设有内螺纹； 所述中心管下端设有外螺纹， 中心管下端通过外螺纹与一下接头连接。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述支撑环与 中心管外壁之间设有密封圈。
10、 如权利要求 7所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述限位套由 限位销钉固定在中心管管壁上。
11、 如权利要求 7所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述承压皮碗 套在中心管上， 承压皮碗下端套设在支撑环上； 所述支撑环与承压皮碗之间为过盈配合套 接。
12、 如权利要求 1所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述冲砂笔尖 包括一管状接头， 该管状接头的上、下端分别设有内螺纹， 该管状接头的内壁设有环形凸 台； 一喷嘴盘由环形凸台下侧抵靠于该环形凸台； 一管状笔尖通过管状接头下端的内螺纹 连接于管状接头下端， 该管状笔尖的上端抵靠在喷嘴盘的下侧； 所述喷嘴盘上设有三个上 大下小的阶梯孔， 各阶梯孔中固定设置一喷嘴； 所述喷嘴底端凸出于喷嘴盘的底面， 一铜 制防堵帽连接在喷嘴的底端。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述管状笔 尖的下端为楔形尖端。
14、 如权利要求 12所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述管状笔 尖的管壁上设有多个出液孔。
15、 如权利要求 12所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述喷嘴内 轴向设有喷孔， 该喷孔由上段的锥形段和下段的圆柱段构成。
16、 如权利要求 12所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述喷嘴的 外壁为与喷嘴盘的阶梯孔形状相同的阶梯形， 所述喷嘴由过盈配合固定在阶梯孔中。
17、 如权利要求 12所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述喷嘴底 端外壁设有外螺纹， 防堵帽通过螺纹连接固定在喷嘴的底端。
18、 如权利要求 12所述的负压联合冲砂、 强制排砂装置， 其特征在于： 所述三个阶 梯孔是均布在喷嘴盘上的。
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