WO2014187326A1 - New process and system for conveying bed smelting of reducing gas prepared by using medium/low-rank coal gasification - Google Patents

New process and system for conveying bed smelting of reducing gas prepared by using medium/low-rank coal gasification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014187326A1
WO2014187326A1 PCT/CN2014/078062 CN2014078062W WO2014187326A1 WO 2014187326 A1 WO2014187326 A1 WO 2014187326A1 CN 2014078062 W CN2014078062 W CN 2014078062W WO 2014187326 A1 WO2014187326 A1 WO 2014187326A1
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Prior art keywords
reduction
exhaust gas
gas
reactor
reducing
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PCT/CN2014/078062
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴道洪
王其成
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北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201320287488.1U external-priority patent/CN203373371U/en
Priority claimed from CN201310195770.1A external-priority patent/CN103667567B/en
Application filed by 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司
Publication of WO2014187326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187326A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/004—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in a continuous way by reduction from ores
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
    • C21B2100/28—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation
    • C21B2100/282—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation of carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
    • C21B2100/42—Sulphur removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of metallurgy. Specifically, it relates to a new process and system for preparing a reduction gas transport bed for medium and low-order coal gasification. Background technique
  • China's inferior mineral reserves are abundant.
  • the national iron ore identified resource reserves are 61.335 billion tons, of which the basic reserves are 22.364 billion tons and the resources are 38.971 billion tons.
  • Most of the identified iron ore reserves in China are poor ore, rich iron ore.
  • Shi Chaming has a resource reserve of 1.02 billion tons, accounting for 1.6% of all iron ore reserves.
  • China's iron ore reserves with beneficial components are about 1/3 of the national reserves, and the beneficial components are: vanadium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, antimony, More than 30 kinds of rare precious metals such as gold, cadmium, gallium, uranium and thorium. This is the main feature of China's iron ore resources.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a new process and system for the smelting of a medium-low-stage coal gasification reduction gas transport bed having the advantages of high production efficiency and low production cost of reducing gas.
  • the invention provides a method for reducing mineral powder, comprising: reacting coal, water vapor and oxygen in a gasification reactor to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen Reacting the reducing gas with the ore fines in a transport bed reduction reactor to obtain a reduced product and reducing spent gas; a treatment to obtain purified reduced exhaust gas; and introducing the purified reduced spent gas into the transport bed reduction reactor.
  • the above method can directly reduce the ore powder, eliminating the high pollution and high efficiency processes such as sintering and pelletizing, thereby saving a large amount of capital investment and operating costs.
  • the raw coal for preparing the reducing gas by the method can adopt medium and low rank coal, which significantly reduces the preparation cost of the reducing gas.
  • the reducing waste gas used for reducing the ore powder is subjected to purification treatment, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas which do not participate in the reduction reaction are returned to the transport bed reduction reactor, and the mineral powder is continuously used for reduction. Avoid waste of reducing gas. Therefore, by using the above method of reclaiming the ore powder, the preparation cost of the reducing gas is reduced, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder is further improved.
  • the ore reduction method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the ore powder is selected from the group consisting of laterite nickel ore, ⁇ -like hematite, antelope ore, At least one of vanadium-titanium magnetite, hematite, mirror iron ore, limonite, siderite, and non-ferrous metal oxide slag.
  • the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the average particle size of the ore fine powder may be 1.0 mm or less. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the coal is at least one selected from the group consisting of medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal, and sub-bituminous coal.
  • medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal, and sub-bituminous coal.
  • the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor is 750 1100 ° C, and the gasification pressure is 0.3 MPa or more.
  • the reducing gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formamidine, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfies the following conditions: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/( H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3%.
  • H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/( H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% The inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
  • the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed.
  • the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved, so as to further improve the reducing efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 , 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% .
  • H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% .
  • the reducing gas is subjected to a dust removing treatment in advance before the reducing gas is reacted with the ore powder.
  • the dust content of the reducing gas can be reduced to further increase the reducing efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the reduction temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor is 750 1150 degrees Celsius and the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the reducing exhaust gas before the desulfurization and decarburization of the reducing exhaust gas, the reducing exhaust gas is sequentially subjected to dust removal treatment, heat treatment treatment, washing treatment, and gas-liquid separation treatment, and after gas-liquid separation
  • the desulfurization and decarburization treatment is carried out after the obtained gas is compressed.
  • the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to heat exchange treatment using a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas, whereby heat utilization can be improved.
  • the purified reduced exhaust gas is preheated in a heating furnace before introducing the purified reducing exhaust gas into the transport bed reduction reactor, wherein the heating The furnace employs a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas as a fuel.
  • the invention provides a system for reducing mineral powder, characterized by comprising: a gasification reactor for causing coal, water vapor and oxygen therein Reacting to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen; a transport bed reduction reactor, the transport bed reduction reactor being connected to the gasification reactor for causing the reducing gas and the ore powder in a transport bed reduction reactor a reaction in which a reduction product and a reduction gas are obtained; a desulfurization and decarburization device, the desulfurization and decarbonization device is connected to the transport bed reduction reactor, and the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment to obtain a purified Reducing the spent gas; and reducing the spent gas return line, wherein the reduced exhaust gas return line is connected to the desulfurization and decarburization device and the transport bed reduction reactor, respectively, for reducing the desulfurization and decarburization Gas is introduced into the transport bed reduction reactor.
  • a gasification reactor for causing coal, water vapor and oxygen
  • the system for reducing mineral powder according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor is 750 1100 degrees Celsius, gasification The pressure is 0.3 MPa or more.
  • the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas in the gasification reactor can be improved, so as to further improve the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the reducing gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formamidine, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfies the following conditions: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/( H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3%.
  • H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/( H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% The inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
  • the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed.
  • the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% .
  • H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% When other gasification reactors are employed, it is not suitable to use the medium and low rank coals to obtain a reducing gas satisfying the above conditions due to the limitation of the gasification reactor itself. Therefore, the cost performance of using the reducing gas produced by other gasification reactors for ore reduction is much lower than that of fixed bed, fluidized bed and transport bed.
  • the system for reducing mineral powder may further include: a first dust removing device, wherein the first dust removing device is respectively connected to the gasification reactor and the transport bed reduction reactor, Before the reducing gas is reacted with the ore fines, the reducing gas is subjected to dust removal treatment in advance.
  • the reduction temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor is 750 1150 degrees Celsius and the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • a second dust removing device is sequentially disposed between the transport bed reduction reactor and the desulfurization and decarburization device along the direction of the transport bed reduction reactor to the desulfurization and decarburization device.
  • a heat exchange device, a washing device, a gas-liquid separation device, and a compression device in order to perform dedusting treatment, heat exchange treatment, washing treatment, and gas in advance on the reducing exhaust gas before desulfurization and decarburization of the reducing exhaust gas
  • the liquid separation treatment is performed after the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is compressed, and then the desulfurization and decarburization treatment is performed.
  • the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so that the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be further improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the heat exchange device is coupled to the desulfurization and decarburization device to heat exchange the reduced exhaust gas with a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas. Therefore, the temperature of reducing the exhaust gas can be effectively reduced, and the pre-heating of the purified reducing gas after purification can be performed to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization rate.
  • the reducing exhaust gas return line is provided with a heating furnace for purifying the purified gas in the heating furnace before introducing the purified reducing waste gas into the transport bed reduction reactor
  • the spent gas is subjected to a preheating treatment, wherein the heating furnace uses a part of the purified reduced exhaust gas as a fuel.
  • 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing a mineral powder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic structural view of a system for reducing mineral powder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a system for reducing mineral powder according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a system for reducing mineral powder according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for reducing mineral powder, and a method for reducing ore powder according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Fig. 1.
  • the method of reducing mineral powder first comprises: reacting coal, water vapor and oxygen in a gasification reactor to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Thereby, a reducing gas can be prepared.
  • the type of coal used to prepare the reducing gas is not particularly limited.
  • the coal may be selected from medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal, and sub-bituminous coal. At least one of them.
  • medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal, and sub-bituminous coal. At least one of them.
  • China's energy distribution is characterized by "lack of oil, less gas, and rich coal". Therefore, the traditional process is no longer suitable for China's national conditions.
  • China's coal reserves rank third in the world, and its output ranks first in the world. The total reserves of coal resources are more than 40%. At present, the annual output accounts for about 30% of the national coal weight. Therefore, the development and utilization of medium and low-rank coal can not only rationally apply China's coal resources, but also use medium and low rank coal to prepare reducing gas. Significant cost savings and increased resource utilization.
  • the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor in the method of reducing mineral powder is not particularly limited. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, it may be 750 to 1100 degrees Celsius, and the gasification pressure may be 0.3. More than MPa. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved to further improve the efficiency of reducing the ore powder.
  • the type of the gasification reactor is not particularly limited, and according to a specific example of the present method, the gasification reactor may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed.
  • the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10 , 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15% , N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% .
  • H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15% , N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% .
  • coal, water vapor and oxygen may be reacted in a gasification reactor under the above conditions to prepare a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • the composition of the reducing gas is not particularly limited, and according to a specific example of the present method, Raw gas may contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane embankment, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfy the following condition: H 2 /CO>0.5,(H 2 + CO) / (H 2 O + CO 2) >10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3%.
  • the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved by using the reducing gas.
  • the inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
  • the above-mentioned reducing gas can be controlled by controlling the ratio of coal, steam and oxygen added, as well as the specific reduction reactor and its process parameters, in order to increase the reducing efficiency of the reducing gas to the ore powder. Therefore, according to the method for reducing the ore powder according to the embodiment of the present invention, the medium and low rank coal can be selected as the raw material, and the high quality can be prepared by controlling the ratio of the added steam and oxygen and the specific suitable reduction reactor process parameters. The reducing gas. This saves costs while increasing the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas.
  • the method of reducing mineral powder further comprises reacting the reduced gas prepared above with the ore fines in a transport bed reduction reactor to obtain a reduced product and a reduced exhaust gas.
  • the ore powder for reduction may be selected from the group consisting of laterite nickel ore, stellite hematite, antelope ore, vanadium titanomagnetite, hematite, mirror iron ore, limonite, At least one of siderite and non-ferrous metal oxide slag.
  • the above-mentioned mineral powder composition is complicated and difficult to treat, and the reduction method of the ore powder can be effectively reduced by using the method for reducing the ore powder of the present invention, thereby further improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the average particle size of the mineral powder is not particularly limited, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the average particle size of the ore fine powder may be 1.0 mm or less. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the reduction temperature in the reactor of the transport bed reduction reactor for reducing the ore powder is not particularly limited, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reduction temperature in the reactor may be 750. ⁇ 1150 degrees Celsius, the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the reducing gas is subjected to a dust removing treatment in advance before the reducing gas is reacted with the ore fines.
  • the reducing gas prepared in the gasification reactor may be subjected to dust removal treatment by using at least two gasification reactor cyclones in series, wherein each gasification reactor is separated from the cyclone separator.
  • the solid impurities can be sequentially returned to the gasification reactor, and the gasification reaction can be continued to further increase the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • a large amount of reducing gas remains in the reduced reducing gas generated, and the part of the reducing exhaust gas can be returned to the ore after purification.
  • the powder is reduced.
  • purification refers to the removal of components which are not suitable for reduction treatment in reducing exhaust gas, mainly containing sulfur compounds and carbon-containing compounds, and thus, can be subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment.
  • the reducing exhaust gas before the purification of the reducing exhaust gas, the reducing exhaust gas is sequentially subjected to dust removal treatment, heat treatment treatment, washing treatment, and gas-liquid separation treatment, and the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is performed. Compression Then carry out purification treatment.
  • the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so that the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be further improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the dust removal treatment may perform dust removal on the reducing exhaust gas through the reactor top gas cyclone separator, and specifically, at least two series of reduced exhaust gas cyclones may be used for dust removal of the reduced exhaust gas, wherein the separation is performed.
  • the resulting unreduced minerals are sequentially returned to the transport bed reduction reactor to continue to participate in the reduction reaction. This can further improve the efficiency of mineral utilization.
  • the heat treatment is further performed by the reducing exhaust gas after the dust removal treatment, and the heat exchange treatment may be performed by using a heat exchanger.
  • the purified exhaust gas after the purification treatment may be subjected to the dust removal treatment. Reduce the exhaust gas for heat treatment. Therefore, the temperature of the reduced exhaust gas can be effectively reduced, and the purified reduced gas after preliminary purification is preheated to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization.
  • the reducing treatment gas after the heat treatment is further subjected to a washing treatment and a gas-liquid separation treatment, thereby further reducing the dust content of the reduced exhaust gas, thereby reducing the reduction after purification.
  • the gas is returned to the transport bed reduction reactor to participate in the reduction reaction, thereby improving the utilization rate of the reducing gas and avoiding waste of resources.
  • the gas-liquid separation process can be performed by a gas-liquid separator, whereby the water contained in the reduced exhaust gas can be separated to facilitate the desulfurization and decarburization treatment of the reduced exhaust gas in the next step. Further, the purification efficiency of the reduced exhaust gas can be further improved.
  • the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is compressed and then subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment.
  • the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so as to further improve the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas, thereby improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to heat exchange treatment using a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas. Therefore, the temperature of the reducing exhaust gas can be effectively reduced, and the pre-heating of the purified reducing exhaust gas can be performed to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization rate.
  • the reducing exhaust gas used for the heat exchange treatment needs to be returned to the transport bed reduction reactor after preheating. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the reduced exhaust gas after purification from entering the transport bed reduction reactor and lower the temperature of the transport bed reduction reactor, resulting in a decrease in reduction efficiency. In turn, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder is improved.
  • the purified reducing exhaust gas before the purified reducing exhaust gas is introduced into the transport bed reduction reactor, the purified reducing exhaust gas needs to be preheated in the heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace can be purified.
  • the heating furnace can be purified.
  • the invention provides a system 1000 for reducing ore fines, comprising: a gasification reactor 100, a transport bed reduction reactor 200, a desulfurization and decarbonization unit 300, and a reduced exhaust gas return Line 400. as shown in picture 2.
  • the gasification reactor 100 is configured to react coal, water vapor and oxygen therein to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen; and the transport bed reduction reactor 200 is connected to the gasification reactor 100 for use in reducing gas
  • the mineral powder is reacted in the transport bed reduction reactor 200 to obtain a reduced product and a reduced exhaust gas; the desulfurization and decarburization device 300 is connected to the transport bed reduction reactor 200, and the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment to obtain a purified
  • the reduced exhaust gas return line 400 is connected to the desulfurization and decarbonization unit 300 and the transport bed reduction reactor 200, respectively, for introducing the purified reducing exhaust gas into the transport bed reduction reactor 200.
  • the above-mentioned system for reducing ore powder can effectively reduce the ore powder and can significantly improve the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the desulfurization and decarbonization apparatus 300 is mainly subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment.
  • the vaporization temperature in the gasification reactor 100 is not particularly limited. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, it may be 750 to 1100 degrees Celsius, and the vaporization pressure may be 0.3 MPa or more. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved to further improve the efficiency of reducing the ore powder.
  • the type of the gasification reactor 100 is not particularly limited. According to a specific example of the present method, the gasification reactor 100 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed. . Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved, so as to further improve the reducing efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 , 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% .
  • H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% .
  • coal, water vapor and oxygen may be reacted in the gasification reactor 100 under the above conditions to prepare a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • the composition of the reducing gas is not particularly limited.
  • the reducing gas may contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formamidine, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component The following conditions are satisfied: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3%.
  • the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved by using the reducing gas.
  • the inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
  • the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed.
  • the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved, so as to further improve the reducing efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following requirements: H 2 /CO >0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 , 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15%, N 2 ⁇ 10%, 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3%.
  • H 2 /CO >0.5
  • 3% ⁇ CH 4 ⁇ 15% N 2 ⁇ 10%
  • 1% ⁇ C0 2 ⁇ 3% the cost performance of using the reducing gas produced by other gasification reactors for ore reduction is much lower than that of fixed bed, fluidized bed and transport bed.
  • the above system for reducing mineral powder further comprises: a first dust removing device 110, the first dust removing device 110 and the gasification reactor 100 and the transport bed reduction reactor 200, respectively Connected, used to pre-dust the reducing gas before reacting the reducing gas with the ore.
  • the dust content of the reducing gas can be reduced to further increase the reducing efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the first dust removing device 110 may be at least two gasification reactor cyclones in series, and the reducing gas prepared in the gasification reactor 100 is subjected to the gasification reactor cyclone separator.
  • the dust removal treatment wherein the solid impurities separated in the cyclone separator of each gasification reactor can be sequentially returned to the gasification reactor 100, and can continue to participate in the gasification reaction. Thereby, the carbon conversion rate of the reducing gas can be increased to further increase the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the reduction temperature in the reactor of the transport bed reduction reactor 200 is not particularly limited. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reduction temperature in the reactor may be 750 1150 ° C, reduction pressure. Less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
  • the second dust removing device 210, the heat exchange device 220, the washing device 230, the gas-liquid separating device 240, and the compressing device 250 in order to perform dedusting treatment and heat treatment on the reduced exhaust gas in advance before desulfurization and decarburization of the reduced exhaust gas And gas-liquid separation treatment, and the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is compressed, and then subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment.
  • the second dust removing device 210 may be at least two series-reduced reduced-gas cyclones, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, at least two series-connected reduced-gas cyclones may be specifically used.
  • the reducing exhaust gas is subjected to dust removal, and the separated impurities may be sequentially returned to the transport bed reduction reactor 200.
  • the efficiency of the dust removal treatment can be improved, whereby the purification efficiency of the reducing exhaust gas can be further improved, so that the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be further improved, thereby improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • the heat exchange device 220 may be a heat exchanger. Specifically, the reduced exhaust gas after the dust is removed by the second dust removing device 210 is further introduced into the heat exchange device 220 for heat exchange treatment. Therefore, the heat exchange device 220 can effectively exchange heat of the reduced exhaust gas, reduce the temperature of the reduced exhaust gas, and preheat the purified reduced gas to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization.
  • the washing device 230 and the gas-liquid separating device 240 are further used to perform a washing process and a gas-liquid separation process on the reduced exhaust gas after the heat exchange treatment, thereby The dust content of the reduced exhaust gas is further reduced, whereby the purified reducing exhaust gas can be returned to the transport bed reduction reactor to participate in the reduction reaction, thereby improving the utilization rate of the reducing gas and avoiding waste of resources.
  • the water contained in the reduced exhaust gas can be separated by the gas-liquid separation device 240, so as to facilitate the desulfurization and decarburization treatment of the reduced exhaust gas in the next step, thereby further improving the reduction of the exhaust gas. Purification efficiency.
  • the reducing gas after the gas-liquid separation can be compressed by the compressing device 250 to facilitate the desulfurization and decarburization treatment by reducing the exhaust gas.
  • the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so as to further improve the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas, thereby improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
  • heat exchange unit 220 is coupled to desulfurization and decarbonization unit 300 for heat exchange treatment of the reduced spent gas using a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas.
  • the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be improved.
  • the reducing exhaust gas used for the heat exchange treatment needs to be returned to the reduction reactor after being preheated. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the reduced exhaust gas after purification from entering the transport bed reduction reactor 200 and lowering the temperature of the transport bed reduction reactor, resulting in a decrease in reduction efficiency. In turn, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder is improved.
  • the reducing exhaust gas return line 400 is provided with a heating furnace 410 for purifying the purified furnace 410 before introducing the purified reducing exhaust gas into the transport bed reduction reactor 200.
  • the exhaust gas is subjected to preheating treatment, wherein the heating furnace 410 uses a part of the purified reduced exhaust gas as a fuel, that is, another portion of the reduced exhaust gas is introduced into the heating furnace and used as a fuel.
  • the low temperature reducing exhaust gas after purification can be prevented from lowering the temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor 200, whereby the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved.
  • the gasification reactor can be used to gasify medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal and sub-bituminous coal, which is suitable for the resource pattern of rich coal and oil shortage in China, and reduce the preparation cost of reducing gas;
  • medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal and sub-bituminous coal, which is suitable for the resource pattern of rich coal and oil shortage in China, and reduce the preparation cost of reducing gas;
  • the reducing gas is purified, it is directly mixed with the reducing exhaust gas preheated after purification into the transport bed reduction reactor 200, so that the gas heat and the effective gas components are fully utilized;
  • the reducing gas contains a certain amount of formazan, which satisfies the carburizing requirements of the subsequent process;
  • the heating furnace is used to heat the purified reducing exhaust gas, and the thermal efficiency is very high;
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of “plurality” is two or more unless There are also clear and specific limits.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. , or connected integrally; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • installation or connected to the external connection
  • connected or connected integrally; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the lignite coal powder enters the fluidized bed gasification reactor 1, and gasification reaction occurs with the vaporization medium of water vapor and oxygen at 900 ° C and 1.0 MPa pressure.
  • the generated high-temperature reducing gas is passed through the gasification reactor primary cyclone 2 and the gasification reactor secondary cyclone 3 to remove the fly ash, and then the clean reducing gas is mixed with the reducing exhaust gas from the heating furnace 13 into the transport bed reduction reaction.
  • the 0.5mm particle size laterite nickel ore powder is reduced from the top of the transport bed reduction reactor 4 into the transport bed reduction reactor 4 and the reducing gas entering the lower part of the transport bed reduction reactor 4 at 850 ° C and 0.8 MPa pressure.
  • the reduced exhaust gas of the transport bed reduction reactor 4 is dedusted by the primary and secondary reduction spent cyclone separators 6, 7 and then enters the heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the gas from the desulfurization and decarburization device 12, and then washed.
  • the washing machine 9 and the gas-liquid separator 10 are dehydrated, and then pressurized by the compressor 11 to enter the desulfurization and decarburization device 12, and then divided into two gases: the first gas is first in the heat exchanger 8 and the second-stage reduced exhaust cyclone
  • the reducing gas after the dust removal of the separator 7 is subjected to heat exchange, and then heated into the heating furnace 13 to be mixed with the reducing gas purified from the fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 into the transport bed reduction reactor 4; the second gas enters
  • the heating furnace 13 is used as a fuel.
  • the description of the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “example”, “specific example”, or “some examples” and the like means a specific feature described in connection with the embodiment or example.
  • a structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention.
  • the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example.
  • the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

An ore powder reduction method and a system thereof. The ore powder reduction method comprises: reacting coal, vapor and oxygen in a gasification reactor (100) to obtain a reducing gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen; reacting the reducing gas and ore powder in a conveying bed reduction reactor (200) to obtain a reduction product and a reduction exhaust; performing desulfurization and decarburization processing on the reduction exhaust to obtain a purified reduction exhaust; and introducing the purified reduction exhaust into the conveying bed reduction reactor (200). By using the method, ore powder can be effectively reduced, thereby saving the cost and improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.

Description

中低阶煤气化制备还原气输送床冶炼新工艺和系统 优先权信息  New process and system for smelting of reducing gas transport bed in medium and low-order coal gasification
本申请请求 2013 年 05 月 23 日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、 专利申请号为 2013 10195770.1和 201320287488.1 的专利申请的优先权和权益， 并且通过参照将其全 文并入此处。 技术领域  The present application claims priority to and the benefit of the patent application of the Japanese Patent Application No Technical field
本发明涉及冶金领域。具体而言，涉及中低阶煤气化制备还原气输送床冶炼新工艺和系 统。 背景技术  The invention relates to the field of metallurgy. Specifically, it relates to a new process and system for preparing a reduction gas transport bed for medium and low-order coal gasification. Background technique
我国劣质矿产储量丰富，全国铁矿查明资源储量为 613.35亿吨，其中基础储量为 223.64 亿吨， 资源量 389.71亿吨， 我国铁矿石查明资源储量绝大部分为贫矿， 富铁矿石查明资源 储量有 10.02亿吨， 占全部铁矿查明资源储量的 1.6 %。另一方面， 我国具有伴 (共)生有益组 分的铁矿石储量约占全国储量的 1/3， 伴 (共)生有益组分有： 钒、 钛、 钨、 钼、 钴、 锑、 金、 镉、 镓、 铀、 钍等 30余种稀有珍贵金属。 这是我国铁矿资源的主要特点。 采用现有高炉技 术对复合矿进行"强行"冶炼，造成大量的共生元素没有得到合理的利用而白白浪费，甚至环 境污染， 例如， 我国大约 40亿吨的高品位中高磷铁矿未被利用。 因此劣质矿的综合利用是 一个必须解决的问题。 另外， 随着世界上高品位铁矿资源在日益减少， 进口矿中粉矿已达 80%； 国产铁矿石的平均品位只有 33%， 故国产矿几乎 100%全是矿粉。 要同时面对或适应 进口矿价增长势不减、 粒度越来越细、 国内大量复合共生矿得不到合理开发等资源形势， 矿粉直接还原技术是有效应对目前我国铁矿现状的一条重要途径。 发明内容  China's inferior mineral reserves are abundant. The national iron ore identified resource reserves are 61.335 billion tons, of which the basic reserves are 22.364 billion tons and the resources are 38.971 billion tons. Most of the identified iron ore reserves in China are poor ore, rich iron ore. Shi Chaming has a resource reserve of 1.02 billion tons, accounting for 1.6% of all iron ore reserves. On the other hand, China's iron ore reserves with beneficial components are about 1/3 of the national reserves, and the beneficial components are: vanadium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, antimony, More than 30 kinds of rare precious metals such as gold, cadmium, gallium, uranium and thorium. This is the main feature of China's iron ore resources. The use of existing blast furnace technology to carry out "forcible" smelting of composite ore, resulting in a large number of symbiotic elements not being used properly and wasted, even environmental pollution, for example, China's about 4 billion tons of high-grade medium-high phosphorus iron ore is not used. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of inferior mines is a problem that must be solved. In addition, with the world's high-grade iron ore resources decreasing, the imported ore has reached 80% of the powder; the average grade of domestic iron ore is only 33%, so almost 100% of the domestic mines are all mineral powder. It is necessary to face or adapt to the growth of imported ore prices, the finer grain size, and the lack of rational development of domestic large-scale composite symbiotic mines. The direct reduction technology of ore powder is an important factor to effectively cope with the current status of iron ore in China. way. Summary of the invention
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提 出一种具有生产效率高、 还原气制备成本低等优点的中低阶煤气化制备还原气输送床冶炼 新工艺和系统。  The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems to some extent. To this end, an object of the present invention is to provide a new process and system for the smelting of a medium-low-stage coal gasification reduction gas transport bed having the advantages of high production efficiency and low production cost of reducing gas.
为此， 在本发明的第一个方面， 本发明提出了一种矿粉还原方法， 该包括： 使煤、 水蒸 气和氧气在气化反应器中反应， 以便得到含有一氧化碳和氢气的还原气； 使所述还原气与 矿粉在输送床还原反应器中反应， 以便得到还原产物和还原乏气； 将所述还原乏气进行净 化处理， 以便得到经过净化的还原乏气； 以及将所述经过净化的还原乏气引入到所述输送 床还原反应器中。 To this end, in a first aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for reducing mineral powder, comprising: reacting coal, water vapor and oxygen in a gasification reactor to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen Reacting the reducing gas with the ore fines in a transport bed reduction reactor to obtain a reduced product and reducing spent gas; a treatment to obtain purified reduced exhaust gas; and introducing the purified reduced spent gas into the transport bed reduction reactor.
利用上述方法可以直接将矿粉进行还原， 省去了烧结、制备球团等高污染、 高效能的工 序， 从而能够节省大量的基建投资和运行成本。 并且该方法制备还原气的原料煤可以采用 中低阶煤， 显著降低了还原气的制备成本。 另外， 该方法中将用于还原矿粉后的还原乏气 进行净化处理， 将其中未参加还原反应的一氧化碳和氢气引回到输送床还原反应器中， 继 续用于还原矿粉， 由此可以避免还原气体的浪费。 因此， 利用上述还矿粉的方法， 降低还 原气的制备成本， 进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  The above method can directly reduce the ore powder, eliminating the high pollution and high efficiency processes such as sintering and pelletizing, thereby saving a large amount of capital investment and operating costs. Moreover, the raw coal for preparing the reducing gas by the method can adopt medium and low rank coal, which significantly reduces the preparation cost of the reducing gas. In addition, in the method, the reducing waste gas used for reducing the ore powder is subjected to purification treatment, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas which do not participate in the reduction reaction are returned to the transport bed reduction reactor, and the mineral powder is continuously used for reduction. Avoid waste of reducing gas. Therefore, by using the above method of reclaiming the ore powder, the preparation cost of the reducing gas is reduced, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder is further improved.
另外， 根据本发明上述实施例的矿粉还原方法还可以具有如下附加的技术特征： 根据本发明的实施例，所述矿粉为选自红土镍矿、鲕状赤铁矿、羚羊石矿、钒钛磁铁矿、 赤铁矿、 镜铁矿、 褐铁矿、 菱铁矿以及有色金属氧化物炉渣的至少一种。 由此可以进一步 提高矿粉的还原效率。  In addition, the ore reduction method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features: According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ore powder is selected from the group consisting of laterite nickel ore, 鲕-like hematite, antelope ore, At least one of vanadium-titanium magnetite, hematite, mirror iron ore, limonite, siderite, and non-ferrous metal oxide slag. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的具体实施例， 矿粉的平均粒度可以为 1.0mm以下。 由此可以进一步提高 矿粉的还原效率。  According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the average particle size of the ore fine powder may be 1.0 mm or less. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述煤为选自褐煤、 长焰煤以及次烟煤等中低阶煤的至少一种。 由此可以降低制备还原气的成本。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coal is at least one selected from the group consisting of medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal, and sub-bituminous coal. Thereby, the cost of preparing the reducing gas can be reduced.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述气化反应器内的气化温度为 750 1100摄氏度， 气化压力为 0.3MPa以上。 由此可以提高制备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高还原矿粉的效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor is 750 1100 ° C, and the gasification pressure is 0.3 MPa or more. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved to further improve the efficiency of reducing the ore powder.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述还原气含有氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、 甲垸、氮气， 其中， 各组分的体积百分比满足下列条件： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10, 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 由此利用该还原气体可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。发明人惊奇 地发现， 当采用该比例的还原气体组成时， 可以有效地利用该还原气体对矿粉进行还原处 理。 当采用不满足该条件的还原气体时， 对矿粉进行还原的效率会显著下降。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reducing gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formamidine, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfies the following conditions: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/( H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% <CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3%. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved by using the reducing gas. The inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述气化反应器为选自固定床、流化床和输送床的至少一种。 由 此可以提高制备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 发明人惊奇地发现， 只 有当采用固定床、 流化床和输送床时， 才可以利用中低阶煤， 获得能够有效用于对矿粉进 行还原处理的还原气体， 即还原气体的组成满足下列要求： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H20+C02)> 10 , 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 当采用其他的气化反应 器时， 由于气化反应器本身的限制， 不适合利用中低阶煤来获得满足上述条件的还原气体。 从而利用其他气化反应器所产生的还原气体进行矿粉还原的性价比远低于采用固定床、 流 化床和输送床。 According to an embodiment of the invention, the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved, so as to further improve the reducing efficiency of the ore powder. The inventors have surprisingly found that only when a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a transport bed are used, the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 , 3%<CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3% . When other gasification reactors are employed, it is not suitable to use the medium and low rank coals to obtain a reducing gas satisfying the above conditions due to the limitation of the gasification reactor itself. Therefore, the cost performance of using the reducing gas produced by other gasification reactors for ore reduction is much lower than that of fixed bed, fluidized bed and transport bed.
根据本发明的实施例， 在将还原气与矿粉反应之前， 预先对所述还原气进行除尘处理。 由此可以降低还原气的含尘量， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reducing gas is subjected to a dust removing treatment in advance before the reducing gas is reacted with the ore powder. Thereby, the dust content of the reducing gas can be reduced to further increase the reducing efficiency of the ore powder.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述输送床还原反应器内的还原温度为 750 1150摄氏度， 还原 压力小于或等于 1.0MPa。 由此可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the invention, the reduction temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor is 750 1150 degrees Celsius and the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的实施例，在对所述还原乏气进行脱硫脱碳之前，预先对所述还原乏气依次 进行除尘处理、 换热处理、 洗涤处理以及气液分离处理， 并对气液分离之后所得到的气体 进行压缩之后进行所述脱硫脱碳处理。 由此可以将未参加还原反应的还原气体进行净化后 重复利用， 以便进一步提高还原气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the desulfurization and decarburization of the reducing exhaust gas, the reducing exhaust gas is sequentially subjected to dust removal treatment, heat treatment treatment, washing treatment, and gas-liquid separation treatment, and after gas-liquid separation The desulfurization and decarburization treatment is carried out after the obtained gas is compressed. Thereby, the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so that the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be further improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的实施例，利用所述经过净化的还原乏气的一部分对所述还原乏气进行换热 处理， 由此可以提高热利用率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to heat exchange treatment using a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas, whereby heat utilization can be improved.
根据本发明的实施例， 在将所述经过净化的还原乏气引入所述输送床还原反应器之前， 在加热炉中对所述经过净化的还原乏气进行预热处理， 其中， 所述加热炉采用所述经过净 化的还原乏气的一部分作为燃料。 由此可以提高还原气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原 效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the purified reduced exhaust gas is preheated in a heating furnace before introducing the purified reducing exhaust gas into the transport bed reduction reactor, wherein the heating The furnace employs a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas as a fuel. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be improved.
在本发明的第二个方面， 本发明提出了一种用于还原矿粉的系统， 其特征在于， 包括: 气化反应器， 所述气化反应器用于使煤、 水蒸气和氧气在其中反应， 以便得到含有一氧化 碳和氢气的还原气； 输送床还原反应器， 所述输送床还原反应器与所述气化反应器相连， 用于使所述还原气与矿粉在输送床还原反应器中反应， 以便得到还原产物和还原乏气； 脱 硫脱碳装置， 所述脱硫脱碳装置与所述输送床还原反应器相连， 将所述还原乏气进行脱硫 脱碳处理， 以便得到经过净化的还原乏气； 以及还原乏气返回管路， 所述还原乏气返回管 路分别与所述脱硫脱碳装置和所述输送床还原反应器相连， 用于将所述经过脱硫脱碳的还 原乏气引入到所述输送床还原反应器中。 利用上述用于还原矿粉的系统可以有效地对矿粉 进行还原， 并且能够显著提高矿粉的还原效率。  In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a system for reducing mineral powder, characterized by comprising: a gasification reactor for causing coal, water vapor and oxygen therein Reacting to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen; a transport bed reduction reactor, the transport bed reduction reactor being connected to the gasification reactor for causing the reducing gas and the ore powder in a transport bed reduction reactor a reaction in which a reduction product and a reduction gas are obtained; a desulfurization and decarburization device, the desulfurization and decarbonization device is connected to the transport bed reduction reactor, and the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment to obtain a purified Reducing the spent gas; and reducing the spent gas return line, wherein the reduced exhaust gas return line is connected to the desulfurization and decarburization device and the transport bed reduction reactor, respectively, for reducing the desulfurization and decarburization Gas is introduced into the transport bed reduction reactor. The above-mentioned system for reducing ore powder can effectively reduce the ore powder and can significantly improve the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
另外， 根据本发明上述实施例的用于还原矿粉的系统还可以具有如下附加的技术特征: 根据本发明的实施例， 所述气化反应器内的气化温度为 750 1100摄氏度， 气化压力为 0.3MPa以上。 由此可以提高气化反应器制备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效 率。  Further, the system for reducing mineral powder according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features: According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor is 750 1100 degrees Celsius, gasification The pressure is 0.3 MPa or more. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas in the gasification reactor can be improved, so as to further improve the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述还原气含有氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、 甲垸、氮气， 其中， 各组分的体积百分比满足下列条件： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10, 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。由此可以提高还原气的还原效率，以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 发明人惊奇地发现， 当采用该比例的还原气体组成时， 可以有效地利用该还原气体对矿粉 进行还原处理。 当采用不满足该条件的还原气体时， 对矿粉进行还原的效率会显著下降。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reducing gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formamidine, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfies the following conditions: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/( H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3% <CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3%. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the reducing gas can be increased to further increase the reduction efficiency of the ore powder. The inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述气化反应器为选自固定床、流化床和输送床的至少一种。 由 此可以提高制备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 发明人惊奇地发现， 只 有当采用固定床、 流化床和输送床时， 才可以利用中低阶煤， 获得能够有效用于对矿粉进 行还原处理的还原气体， 即还原气体的组成满足下列要求： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10， 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 当采用其他的气化反应 器时， 由于气化反应器本身的限制， 不适合利用中低阶煤来获得满足上述条件的还原气体。 从而利用其他气化反应器所产生的还原气体进行矿粉还原的性价比远低于采用固定床、 流 化床和输送床。 According to an embodiment of the invention, the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed. By This can increase the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas to further increase the reduction efficiency of the ore powder. The inventors have surprisingly found that only when a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a transport bed are used, the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3%<CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3% . When other gasification reactors are employed, it is not suitable to use the medium and low rank coals to obtain a reducing gas satisfying the above conditions due to the limitation of the gasification reactor itself. Therefore, the cost performance of using the reducing gas produced by other gasification reactors for ore reduction is much lower than that of fixed bed, fluidized bed and transport bed.
根据本发明的实施例， 用于还原矿粉的系统可以进一步包括： 第一除尘装置， 所述第一 除尘装置分别与所述气化反应器和所述输送床还原反应器相连， 用于在将还原气与矿粉反 应之前， 预先对所述还原气进行除尘处理。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the system for reducing mineral powder may further include: a first dust removing device, wherein the first dust removing device is respectively connected to the gasification reactor and the transport bed reduction reactor, Before the reducing gas is reacted with the ore fines, the reducing gas is subjected to dust removal treatment in advance.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述输送床还原反应器内的还原温度为 750 1150摄氏度， 还原 压力小于或等于 1.0MPa。 由此可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the invention, the reduction temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor is 750 1150 degrees Celsius and the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的实施例，在所述输送床还原反应器与所述脱硫脱碳装置之间，沿所述输送 床还原反应器向所述脱硫脱碳装置的方向， 依次设置有第二除尘装置、 换热装置、 洗涤装 置、 气液分离装置以及压缩装置， 以便在对所述还原乏气进行脱硫脱碳之前， 预先对所述 还原乏气依次进行除尘处理、 换热处理、 洗涤处理以及气液分离处理， 并对气液分离之后 所得到的气体进行压缩之后进行所述脱硫脱碳处理。 由此可以将未参加还原反应的还原气 体进行净化后重复利用， 以便进一步提高还原气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, a second dust removing device is sequentially disposed between the transport bed reduction reactor and the desulfurization and decarburization device along the direction of the transport bed reduction reactor to the desulfurization and decarburization device. a heat exchange device, a washing device, a gas-liquid separation device, and a compression device, in order to perform dedusting treatment, heat exchange treatment, washing treatment, and gas in advance on the reducing exhaust gas before desulfurization and decarburization of the reducing exhaust gas The liquid separation treatment is performed after the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is compressed, and then the desulfurization and decarburization treatment is performed. Thereby, the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so that the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be further improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的实施例，所述换热装置与所述脱硫脱碳装置相连， 以便利用所述经过净化 的还原乏气的一部分对所述还原乏气进行换热处理。 由此可以有效地降低还原乏气的温度， 并对净化后的还原乏气进行初步预热， 避免热量流失， 提高热利用率。  According to an embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange device is coupled to the desulfurization and decarburization device to heat exchange the reduced exhaust gas with a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas. Therefore, the temperature of reducing the exhaust gas can be effectively reduced, and the pre-heating of the purified reducing gas after purification can be performed to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization rate.
根据本发明的实施例，还原乏气返回管路上设置有加热炉， 以便在将所述经过净化的还 原乏气引入所述输送床还原反应器之前， 在加热炉中对所述经过净化的还原乏气进行预热 处理， 其中， 所述加热炉采用所述经过净化的还原乏气的一部分作为燃料。 由此可以提高 还原气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the invention, the reducing exhaust gas return line is provided with a heating furnace for purifying the purified gas in the heating furnace before introducing the purified reducing waste gas into the transport bed reduction reactor The spent gas is subjected to a preheating treatment, wherein the heating furnace uses a part of the purified reduced exhaust gas as a fuel. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be improved.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显， 或通过本发明的实践了解到。 附图说明  The additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows. DRAWINGS
本发明的上述和 /或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和 容易理解， 其中：  The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from
图 1是根据本发明一个实施例的矿粉还原方法的流程示意图； 图 2是根据本发明一个实施例的用于还原矿粉的系统的结构示意图； 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing a mineral powder according to an embodiment of the present invention; 2 is a schematic structural view of a system for reducing mineral powder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 3是根据本发明另一个实施例的用于还原矿粉的系统的结构示意图；  3 is a schematic structural view of a system for reducing mineral powder according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图 4是根据本发明再一个实施例的用于还原矿粉的系统的结构示意图。  4 is a schematic structural view of a system for reducing mineral powder according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或 类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。 下面通过参考附图描述 的实施例是示例性的， 旨在用于解释本发明， 而不能理解为对本发明的限制。  The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the examples of the embodiments are illustrated in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals are used to refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting.
在本发明的第一个方面，本发明提了一种矿粉还原方法，下面参考图 1对本发明实施例 的矿粉还原方法进行详细描述。  In the first aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a method for reducing mineral powder, and a method for reducing ore powder according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Fig. 1.
S100: 制备还原气  S100: Preparation of reducing gas
根据本发明的一个实施例， 矿粉还原方法首先包括： 使煤、水蒸气和氧气在气化反应器 中反应， 以便得到含有一氧化碳和氢气的还原气。 由此可以制备得到还原气。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of reducing mineral powder first comprises: reacting coal, water vapor and oxygen in a gasification reactor to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Thereby, a reducing gas can be prepared.
根据本发明的另一个实施例，用于制备还原气的煤的类型并不受特别限制，根据本发明 的具体实施例， 煤可以为选自褐煤、 长焰煤以及次烟煤等中低阶煤的至少一种。 由此可以 降低制备还原气的成本。 我国的能源分布特点是"缺油、 少气、 富煤"， 因此传统的工艺方法 已经不适合我国的国情， 我国的煤储量居世界第三， 产量居世界第一， 中低阶煤储量居煤 炭资源总储量的 40%以上， 目前年产量占全国煤炭重量的 30%左右， 因此， 拓展中低阶煤 的开发利用不仅能够合理应用我国的煤资源， 同时， 利用中低阶煤制备还原气能够显著节 省成本， 提高资源利用率。  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the type of coal used to prepare the reducing gas is not particularly limited. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the coal may be selected from medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal, and sub-bituminous coal. At least one of them. Thereby, the cost of preparing the reducing gas can be reduced. China's energy distribution is characterized by "lack of oil, less gas, and rich coal". Therefore, the traditional process is no longer suitable for China's national conditions. China's coal reserves rank third in the world, and its output ranks first in the world. The total reserves of coal resources are more than 40%. At present, the annual output accounts for about 30% of the national coal weight. Therefore, the development and utilization of medium and low-rank coal can not only rationally apply China's coal resources, but also use medium and low rank coal to prepare reducing gas. Significant cost savings and increased resource utilization.
根据本发明的一个实施例， 矿粉还原方法中的气化反应器内的气化温度并不受特别限 制， 根据本发明的具体实施例， 可以为 750~1100摄氏度， 气化压力可以为 0.3MPa以上。 由此可以提高制备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高还原矿粉的效率。 根据本发明的具体实 施例， 气化反应器的类型并不受特别限制， 根据本法的具体示例， 气化反应器可以是选自 固定床、 流化床和输送床的至少一种。 发明人惊奇地发现， 只有当采用固定床、 流化床和 输送床时， 才可以利用中低阶煤， 获得能够有效用于对矿粉进行还原处理的还原气体， 即 还原气体的组成满足下列要求： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10 , 3%<CH4<15% , N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 当采用其他的气化反应器时， 由于气化反应器本身的限制， 不适合 利用中低阶煤来获得满足上述条件的还原气体。 从而利用其他气化反应器所产生的还原气 体进行矿粉还原的性价比远低于采用固定床、 流化床和输送床。 由此可以提高制备还原气 的效率， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 可以将煤、 水蒸气 和氧气在上述条件下的气化反应器中进行反应， 制备得到含有一氧化碳和氢气的还原气。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor in the method of reducing mineral powder is not particularly limited. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, it may be 750 to 1100 degrees Celsius, and the gasification pressure may be 0.3. More than MPa. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved to further improve the efficiency of reducing the ore powder. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the type of the gasification reactor is not particularly limited, and according to a specific example of the present method, the gasification reactor may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed. The inventors have surprisingly found that only when a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a transport bed are used, the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10 , 3%<CH 4 <15% , N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3% . When other gasification reactors are employed, it is not suitable to use the medium and low rank coals to obtain a reducing gas satisfying the above conditions due to the limitation of the gasification reactor itself. Therefore, the cost performance of using the reducing gas produced by other gasification reactors for ore reduction is much lower than that of fixed bed, fluidized bed and transport bed. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved, so as to further improve the reducing efficiency of the ore powder. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, coal, water vapor and oxygen may be reacted in a gasification reactor under the above conditions to prepare a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
根据本发明的另一个实施例， 还原气的成分并不受特别限制， 根据本法的具体示例， 还 原气中可以含有氢气、 一氧化碳、 二氧化碳、 甲垸、 氮气， 其中， 各组分的体积百分比满 足下列条件： H2/CO>0.5，（H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10， 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 由此利用该还原气体可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 发明人惊奇地发现， 当采用该比例 的还原气体组成时， 可以有效地利用该还原气体对矿粉进行还原处理。 当采用不满足该条 件的还原气体时， 对矿粉进行还原的效率会显著下降。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the reducing gas is not particularly limited, and according to a specific example of the present method, Raw gas may contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane embankment, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfy the following condition: H 2 /CO>0.5,(H 2 + CO) / (H 2 O + CO 2) >10, 3% <CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1% ≤ C0 2 ≤ 3%. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved by using the reducing gas. The inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
具体地， 可以通过控制加入煤、水蒸气和氧气的比例， 以及具体的还原反应器和其工艺 参数来控制得到的上述还原气， 以便提高还原气对矿粉的还原效率。 由此， 根据本发明实 施例的矿粉的还原方法， 可以选择中低阶煤作为原料， 通过控制加入的水蒸气和氧气的比 例和具体适宜的还原反应器工艺参数， 同样可以制备得到高质量的还原气。 由此可以节省 成本的同时提高制备还原气的效率。  Specifically, the above-mentioned reducing gas can be controlled by controlling the ratio of coal, steam and oxygen added, as well as the specific reduction reactor and its process parameters, in order to increase the reducing efficiency of the reducing gas to the ore powder. Therefore, according to the method for reducing the ore powder according to the embodiment of the present invention, the medium and low rank coal can be selected as the raw material, and the high quality can be prepared by controlling the ratio of the added steam and oxygen and the specific suitable reduction reactor process parameters. The reducing gas. This saves costs while increasing the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas.
S200: 还原矿粉  S200: reducing mineral powder
根据本发明的一个实施例，还原矿粉的方法进一步包括，使上述制备的还原气与矿粉在 输送床还原反应器中反应， 以便得到还原产物和还原乏气。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 用 于还原的矿粉可以是选自红土镍矿、 鲕状赤铁矿、 羚羊石矿、 钒钛磁铁矿、 赤铁矿、 镜铁 矿、 褐铁矿、 菱铁矿以及有色金属氧化物炉渣的至少一种。 上述矿粉成分复杂难处理， 利 用本发明矿粉的还原方法， 可以有效地对上述矿粉进行还原， 进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method of reducing mineral powder further comprises reacting the reduced gas prepared above with the ore fines in a transport bed reduction reactor to obtain a reduced product and a reduced exhaust gas. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the ore powder for reduction may be selected from the group consisting of laterite nickel ore, stellite hematite, antelope ore, vanadium titanomagnetite, hematite, mirror iron ore, limonite, At least one of siderite and non-ferrous metal oxide slag. The above-mentioned mineral powder composition is complicated and difficult to treat, and the reduction method of the ore powder can be effectively reduced by using the method for reducing the ore powder of the present invention, thereby further improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
根据本发明的另一个实施例，矿粉的平均粒度并不受特别限制，根据本发明的具体实施 例， 矿粉的平均粒度可以为 1.0mm以下。 由此可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the average particle size of the mineral powder is not particularly limited, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the average particle size of the ore fine powder may be 1.0 mm or less. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的再一个实施例，用于还原矿粉的输送床还原反应器的反应器内的还原温度 并不受特别限制，根据本发明的具体实施例，反应器内的还原温度可以为 750~1150摄氏度， 还原压力小于或等于 1.0MPa。 由此可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the reduction temperature in the reactor of the transport bed reduction reactor for reducing the ore powder is not particularly limited, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reduction temperature in the reactor may be 750. ~1150 degrees Celsius, the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的一个实施例， 在将还原气与矿粉反应之前， 预先对还原气进行除尘处理。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 可以利用至少两个串联的气化反应器旋风分离器对气化反应器 中制备得到的还原气进行除尘处理， 其中每个气化反应器旋风分离器中分离得到固体杂质 可以依次返回至气化反应器中， 继续可以参加气化反应， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reducing gas is subjected to a dust removing treatment in advance before the reducing gas is reacted with the ore fines. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reducing gas prepared in the gasification reactor may be subjected to dust removal treatment by using at least two gasification reactor cyclones in series, wherein each gasification reactor is separated from the cyclone separator. The solid impurities can be sequentially returned to the gasification reactor, and the gasification reaction can be continued to further increase the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
S300: 净化还原乏气  S300: Purifying and reducing exhaust gas
根据本发明的实施例，在利用还原气对矿粉进行还原处理后，所产生的还原乏气中还残 留了大量还原性气体， 可以将这部分还原乏气在经过净化之后， 再返回对矿粉进行还原。 这里所使用的术语"净化"指的是，去除还原乏气中不适合还原处理的成份，主要是含硫化合 物和含碳化合物， 因而， 可以进行脱硫脱碳处理。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the reduction treatment of the ore powder by the reducing gas, a large amount of reducing gas remains in the reduced reducing gas generated, and the part of the reducing exhaust gas can be returned to the ore after purification. The powder is reduced. The term "purification" as used herein refers to the removal of components which are not suitable for reduction treatment in reducing exhaust gas, mainly containing sulfur compounds and carbon-containing compounds, and thus, can be subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment.
根据本发明的一个实施例，在对还原乏气进行净化之前，预先对还原乏气依次进行除尘 处理、 换热处理、 洗涤处理以及气液分离处理， 并对气液分离之后所得到的气体进行压缩 之后进行净化处理。 由此可以将未参加还原反应的还原气体进行净化后重复利用， 以便进 一步提高还原气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the purification of the reducing exhaust gas, the reducing exhaust gas is sequentially subjected to dust removal treatment, heat treatment treatment, washing treatment, and gas-liquid separation treatment, and the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is performed. Compression Then carry out purification treatment. Thereby, the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so that the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be further improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的另一个实施例，除尘处理可以通过反应器顶气旋风分离器对还原乏气进行 除尘， 具体可以采用至少两个串联的还原乏气旋风分离器对还原乏气进行除尘， 其中分离 得到的未还原的矿物被依次返回至输送床还原反应器中继续参加还原反应。 由此可以进一 步提高矿物的利用效率。  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the dust removal treatment may perform dust removal on the reducing exhaust gas through the reactor top gas cyclone separator, and specifically, at least two series of reduced exhaust gas cyclones may be used for dust removal of the reduced exhaust gas, wherein the separation is performed. The resulting unreduced minerals are sequentially returned to the transport bed reduction reactor to continue to participate in the reduction reaction. This can further improve the efficiency of mineral utilization.
根据本发明的具体实施例，经过除尘处理后的还原乏气进一步进行换热处理，换热处理 可以采用换热器进行， 具体地， 可以采用经过净化处理的还原乏气对经过除尘处理后的还 原乏气进行换热处理。 由此可以有效地降低还原乏气的温度， 并对净化后的还原乏气进行 初步预热， 避免热量流失， 提高热利用率。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 进一步对经过换热 处理后的还原乏气进行洗涤处理以及气液分离处理， 由此可以进一步降低还原乏气的含尘 量， 由此可以将净化后的还原乏气返回至输送床还原反应器中参加还原反应， 由此可以提 高还原气的利用率， 避免资源浪费。  According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment is further performed by the reducing exhaust gas after the dust removal treatment, and the heat exchange treatment may be performed by using a heat exchanger. Specifically, the purified exhaust gas after the purification treatment may be subjected to the dust removal treatment. Reduce the exhaust gas for heat treatment. Therefore, the temperature of the reduced exhaust gas can be effectively reduced, and the purified reduced gas after preliminary purification is preheated to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reducing treatment gas after the heat treatment is further subjected to a washing treatment and a gas-liquid separation treatment, thereby further reducing the dust content of the reduced exhaust gas, thereby reducing the reduction after purification. The gas is returned to the transport bed reduction reactor to participate in the reduction reaction, thereby improving the utilization rate of the reducing gas and avoiding waste of resources.
根据本发明的另一个具体实施例，气液分离处理可以通过气液分离器进行， 由此可以将 还原乏气中含有的水进行分离， 以便利于下一步对还原乏气进行脱硫脱碳处理， 进而可以 进一步提高还原乏气的净化效率。  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the gas-liquid separation process can be performed by a gas-liquid separator, whereby the water contained in the reduced exhaust gas can be separated to facilitate the desulfurization and decarburization treatment of the reduced exhaust gas in the next step. Further, the purification efficiency of the reduced exhaust gas can be further improved.
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，对气液分离之后所得到的气体进行压缩之后进行脱硫脱 碳处理。 由此可以将未参加还原反应的还原气体进行净化后重复利用， 以便进一步提高还 原气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is compressed and then subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment. Thereby, the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so as to further improve the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas, thereby improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
S400: 将还原乏气引入输送床还原反应器中  S400: introducing reduced exhaust gas into the transport bed reduction reactor
根据本发明的一个实施例， 利用经过净化的还原乏气的一部分对还原乏气进行换热处 理。 由此可以有效地降低还原乏气的温度， 并对净化后的还原乏气进行初步预热， 避免热 量流失， 提高热利用率。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 用于换热处理后的还原乏气需要经过 预热后返回至输送床还原反应器中。 由此可以避免净化后的还原乏气进入输送床还原反应 器后降低输送床还原反应器的温度， 导致还原效率降低。 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to one embodiment of the invention, the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to heat exchange treatment using a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas. Therefore, the temperature of the reducing exhaust gas can be effectively reduced, and the pre-heating of the purified reducing exhaust gas can be performed to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization rate. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reducing exhaust gas used for the heat exchange treatment needs to be returned to the transport bed reduction reactor after preheating. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the reduced exhaust gas after purification from entering the transport bed reduction reactor and lower the temperature of the transport bed reduction reactor, resulting in a decrease in reduction efficiency. In turn, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder is improved.
根据本发明的一个实施例，在将经过净化的还原乏气引入输送床还原反应器之前，需要 在加热炉中对经过净化的还原乏气进行预热处理， 其中， 加热炉可以采用经过净化的还原 乏气的一部分作为燃料， 由此可以避免净化后的还原乏气温度较低降低输送床还原反应器 内的温度， 由此可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the purified reducing exhaust gas is introduced into the transport bed reduction reactor, the purified reducing exhaust gas needs to be preheated in the heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace can be purified. By reducing a part of the exhaust gas as a fuel, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the reducing waste gas after purification from being lowered to lower the temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor, thereby further improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
在本发明的第二个方面， 本发明提出了一种用于还原矿粉的系统 1000， 该包括： 气化 反应器 100、 输送床还原反应器 200、 脱硫脱碳装置 300以及还原乏气返回管路 400。 如图 2所示。 其中， 气化反应器 100用于使煤、水蒸气和氧气在其中反应， 以便得到含有一氧化碳和 氢气的还原气； 输送床还原反应器 200与气化反应器 100相连， 用于使还原气与矿粉在输 送床还原反应器 200中反应， 以便得到还原产物和还原乏气； 脱硫脱碳装置 300与输送床 还原反应器 200相连， 将还原乏气进行脱硫脱碳处理， 以便得到经过净化的还原乏气； 还 原乏气返回管路 400分别与脱硫脱碳装置 300和输送床还原反应器 200相连， 用于将经过 净化的还原乏气引入到输送床还原反应器 200 中。 利用上述用于还原矿粉的系统可以有效 地对矿粉进行还原， 并且能够显著提高矿粉的还原效率。 In a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a system 1000 for reducing ore fines, comprising: a gasification reactor 100, a transport bed reduction reactor 200, a desulfurization and decarbonization unit 300, and a reduced exhaust gas return Line 400. as shown in picture 2. Wherein, the gasification reactor 100 is configured to react coal, water vapor and oxygen therein to obtain a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen; and the transport bed reduction reactor 200 is connected to the gasification reactor 100 for use in reducing gas The mineral powder is reacted in the transport bed reduction reactor 200 to obtain a reduced product and a reduced exhaust gas; the desulfurization and decarburization device 300 is connected to the transport bed reduction reactor 200, and the reduced exhaust gas is subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment to obtain a purified The reduced exhaust gas return line 400 is connected to the desulfurization and decarbonization unit 300 and the transport bed reduction reactor 200, respectively, for introducing the purified reducing exhaust gas into the transport bed reduction reactor 200. The above-mentioned system for reducing ore powder can effectively reduce the ore powder and can significantly improve the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
根据本发明的实施例，在利用还原气对矿粉进行还原处理后，所产生的还原乏气中还残 留了大量还原性气体， 可以将这部分还原乏气在经过净化之后， 再返回对矿粉进行还原。 这里所使用的术语"净化"指的是，去除还原乏气中不适合还原处理的成份，主要是含硫化合 物和含碳化合物， 因而， 脱硫脱碳装置 300主要是进行脱硫脱碳处理。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the reduction treatment of the ore powder by the reducing gas, a large amount of reducing gas remains in the reduced reducing gas generated, and the part of the reducing exhaust gas can be returned to the ore after purification. The powder is reduced. The term "purification" as used herein refers to the removal of components which are not suitable for reduction treatment in reducing exhaust gas, mainly containing sulfur compounds and carbonaceous compounds. Therefore, the desulfurization and decarbonization apparatus 300 is mainly subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment.
根据本发明的一个实施例，气化反应器 100内的气化温度并不受特别限制，根据本发明 的具体实施例， 可以为 750~1100摄氏度， 气化压力可以为 0.3MPa以上。 由此可以提高制 备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高还原矿粉的效率。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 气化反应 器 100的类型并不受特别限制， 根据本法的具体示例， 气化反应器 100可以是选自固定床、 流化床和输送床的至少一种。 由此可以提高制备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还 原效率。 发明人惊奇地发现， 只有当采用固定床、 流化床和输送床时， 才可以利用中低阶 煤， 获得能够有效用于对矿粉进行还原处理的还原气体， 即还原气体的组成满足下列要求: H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H20+C02)> 10 , 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 当采用其他 的气化反应器时， 由于气化反应器本身的限制， 不适合利用中低阶煤来获得满足上述条件 的还原气体。 从而利用其他气化反应器所产生的还原气体进行矿粉还原的性价比远低于采 用固定床、 流化床和输送床。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vaporization temperature in the gasification reactor 100 is not particularly limited. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, it may be 750 to 1100 degrees Celsius, and the vaporization pressure may be 0.3 MPa or more. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved to further improve the efficiency of reducing the ore powder. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the type of the gasification reactor 100 is not particularly limited. According to a specific example of the present method, the gasification reactor 100 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed. . Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved, so as to further improve the reducing efficiency of the ore powder. The inventors have surprisingly found that only when a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a transport bed are used, the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following Requirements: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 , 3%<CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3% . When other gasification reactors are employed, it is not suitable to use the medium and low rank coals to obtain a reducing gas satisfying the above conditions due to the limitation of the gasification reactor itself. Therefore, the cost performance of using the reducing gas produced by other gasification reactors for ore reduction is much lower than that of fixed bed, fluidized bed and transport bed.
根据本发明的具体实施例， 可以将煤、 水蒸气和氧气在上述条件下的气化反应器 100 中进行反应， 制备得到含有一氧化碳和氢气的还原气。  According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, coal, water vapor and oxygen may be reacted in the gasification reactor 100 under the above conditions to prepare a reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
根据本发明的另一个实施例， 还原气的成分并不受特别限制， 根据本法的具体示例， 还 原气中可以含有氢气、 一氧化碳、 二氧化碳、 甲垸、 氮气， 其中， 各组分的体积百分比满 足下列条件： H2/CO>0.5，（H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10， 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 由此利用该还原气体可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 发明人惊奇地发现， 当采用该比例 的还原气体组成时， 可以有效地利用该还原气体对矿粉进行还原处理。 当采用不满足该条 件的还原气体时， 对矿粉进行还原的效率会显著下降。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the reducing gas is not particularly limited. According to a specific example of the present method, the reducing gas may contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formamidine, nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component The following conditions are satisfied: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3%<CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤ 3%. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved by using the reducing gas. The inventors have surprisingly found that when the reducing gas composition of this ratio is employed, the reducing powder can be effectively utilized for the reduction treatment of the ore fines. When a reducing gas that does not satisfy this condition is used, the efficiency of reduction of the ore fines is remarkably lowered.
根据本发明的实施例， 所述气化反应器为选自固定床、流化床和输送床的至少一种。 由 此可以提高制备还原气的效率， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 发明人惊奇地发现， 只 有当采用固定床、 流化床和输送床时， 才可以利用中低阶煤， 获得能够有效用于对矿粉进 行还原处理的还原气体， 即还原气体的组成满足下列要求： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H20+C02)> 10 , 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 当采用其他的气化反应 器时， 由于气化反应器本身的限制， 不适合利用中低阶煤来获得满足上述条件的还原气体。 从而利用其他气化反应器所产生的还原气体进行矿粉还原的性价比远低于采用固定床、 流 化床和输送床。 According to an embodiment of the invention, the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and a transport bed. Thereby, the efficiency of preparing the reducing gas can be improved, so as to further improve the reducing efficiency of the ore powder. The inventor was surprised to find that only When a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a transport bed are used, the medium and low rank coal can be utilized to obtain a reducing gas which can be effectively used for the reduction treatment of the ore powder, that is, the composition of the reducing gas satisfies the following requirements: H 2 /CO >0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )> 10 , 3% <CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3%. When other gasification reactors are employed, it is not suitable to use the medium and low rank coals to obtain a reducing gas satisfying the above conditions due to the limitation of the gasification reactor itself. Therefore, the cost performance of using the reducing gas produced by other gasification reactors for ore reduction is much lower than that of fixed bed, fluidized bed and transport bed.
根据本发明的一个实施例， 如图 3所示， 上述用于还原矿粉的系统进一步包括： 第一除 尘装置 110， 第一除尘装置 110分别与气化反应器 100和输送床还原反应器 200相连， 用于 在将还原气与矿粉反应之前， 预先对还原气进行除尘处理。 由此可以降低还原气的含尘量， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 第一除尘装置 110可以是至 少两个串联的气化反应器旋风分离器， 利用该气化反应器旋风分离器对气化反应器 100 中 制备得到的还原气进行除尘处理， 其中每个气化反应器旋风分离器中分离得到固体杂质可 以依次返回至气化反应器 100 中， 继续可以参加气化反应。 由此可以提高还原气的碳转化 率， 以便进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the above system for reducing mineral powder further comprises: a first dust removing device 110, the first dust removing device 110 and the gasification reactor 100 and the transport bed reduction reactor 200, respectively Connected, used to pre-dust the reducing gas before reacting the reducing gas with the ore. Thereby, the dust content of the reducing gas can be reduced to further increase the reducing efficiency of the ore powder. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first dust removing device 110 may be at least two gasification reactor cyclones in series, and the reducing gas prepared in the gasification reactor 100 is subjected to the gasification reactor cyclone separator. The dust removal treatment, wherein the solid impurities separated in the cyclone separator of each gasification reactor can be sequentially returned to the gasification reactor 100, and can continue to participate in the gasification reaction. Thereby, the carbon conversion rate of the reducing gas can be increased to further increase the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
根据本发明的再一个实施例，输送床还原反应器 200的反应器内的还原温度并不受特别 限制， 根据本发明的具体实施例， 反应器内的还原温度可以为 750 1150摄氏度， 还原压力 小于或等于 1.0MPa。 由此可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the reduction temperature in the reactor of the transport bed reduction reactor 200 is not particularly limited. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reduction temperature in the reactor may be 750 1150 ° C, reduction pressure. Less than or equal to 1.0 MPa. Thereby, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be further improved.
根据本发明的再一个实施例， 如图 3所示， 在输送床还原反应器 200与脱硫脱碳装置 300之间， 沿输送床还原反应器 200向脱硫脱碳装置 300的方向， 依次设置有第二除尘装置 210、 换热装置 220、 洗涤装置 230、 气液分离装置 240以及压缩装置 250， 以便在对还原乏 气进行脱硫脱碳之前， 预先对还原乏气依次进行除尘处理、 换热处理以及气液分离处理， 并对气液分离之后所得到的气体进行压缩之后进行脱硫脱碳处理。  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, between the transport bed reduction reactor 200 and the desulfurization and decarburization apparatus 300, along the direction of the transport bed reduction reactor 200 to the desulfurization and decarburization apparatus 300, The second dust removing device 210, the heat exchange device 220, the washing device 230, the gas-liquid separating device 240, and the compressing device 250, in order to perform dedusting treatment and heat treatment on the reduced exhaust gas in advance before desulfurization and decarburization of the reduced exhaust gas And gas-liquid separation treatment, and the gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is compressed, and then subjected to desulfurization and decarburization treatment.
根据本发明的另一个实施例，第二除尘装置 210可以是至少两个串联的还原乏气旋风分 离器， 根据本发明的具体实施例， 具体可以采用至少两个串联的还原乏气旋风分离器对还 原乏气进行除尘， 其中分离得到的杂质可以依次返回至输送床还原反应器 200 中。 由此可 以提高除尘处理效率， 由此可以进一步提高对还原乏气的净化效率， 以便进一步提高还原 气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the second dust removing device 210 may be at least two series-reduced reduced-gas cyclones, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, at least two series-connected reduced-gas cyclones may be specifically used. The reducing exhaust gas is subjected to dust removal, and the separated impurities may be sequentially returned to the transport bed reduction reactor 200. Thereby, the efficiency of the dust removal treatment can be improved, whereby the purification efficiency of the reducing exhaust gas can be further improved, so that the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be further improved, thereby improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
根据本发明的具体实施例， 换热装置 220可以是换热器， 具体地， 将利用第二除尘装置 210除尘后的还原乏气进一步通入换热装置 220进行换热处理。由此利用换热装置 220可以 有效地对还原乏气进行换热， 降低还原乏气的温度， 并对净化后的还原乏气进行初步预热， 避免热量流失， 提高热利用率。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 进一步利用洗涤装置 230和气 液分离装置 240对经过换热处理后的还原乏气进行洗涤处理以及气液分离处理， 由此可以 进一步降低还原乏气的含尘量， 由此可以将净化后的还原乏气返回至输送床还原反应器中 参加还原反应， 由此可以提高还原气的利用率， 避免资源浪费。 According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange device 220 may be a heat exchanger. Specifically, the reduced exhaust gas after the dust is removed by the second dust removing device 210 is further introduced into the heat exchange device 220 for heat exchange treatment. Therefore, the heat exchange device 220 can effectively exchange heat of the reduced exhaust gas, reduce the temperature of the reduced exhaust gas, and preheat the purified reduced gas to avoid heat loss and improve heat utilization. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the washing device 230 and the gas-liquid separating device 240 are further used to perform a washing process and a gas-liquid separation process on the reduced exhaust gas after the heat exchange treatment, thereby The dust content of the reduced exhaust gas is further reduced, whereby the purified reducing exhaust gas can be returned to the transport bed reduction reactor to participate in the reduction reaction, thereby improving the utilization rate of the reducing gas and avoiding waste of resources.
根据本发明的另一个具体实施例，利用气液分离装置 240可以将还原乏气中含有的水进 行分离， 以便利于下一步对还原乏气进行脱硫脱碳处理， 进而可以进一步提高还原乏气的 净化效率。  According to another embodiment of the present invention, the water contained in the reduced exhaust gas can be separated by the gas-liquid separation device 240, so as to facilitate the desulfurization and decarburization treatment of the reduced exhaust gas in the next step, thereby further improving the reduction of the exhaust gas. Purification efficiency.
根据本发明的一个具体实施例，利用压缩装置 250可以对经过气液分离后的还原乏气进 行压缩， 以便利于还原乏气进行脱硫脱碳处理。 由此可以将未参加还原反应的还原气体进 行净化后重复利用， 以便进一步提高还原气的利用效率， 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reducing gas after the gas-liquid separation can be compressed by the compressing device 250 to facilitate the desulfurization and decarburization treatment by reducing the exhaust gas. Thereby, the reducing gas which has not participated in the reduction reaction can be purified and reused, so as to further improve the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas, thereby improving the reduction efficiency of the ore powder.
根据本发明的再一个实施例，换热装置 220与脱硫脱碳装置 300相连， 以便利用经过净 化的还原乏气的一部分对还原乏气进行换热处理。 由此可以提高还原气的利用效率， 进而 提高矿粉的还原效率。 根据本发明的具体实施例， 用于换热处理后的还原乏气需要经过预 热后返回至还原反应器。 由此可以避免净化后的还原乏气进入输送床还原反应器 200后降 低输送床还原反应器的温度， 导致还原效率降低。 进而提高矿粉的还原效率。  In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, heat exchange unit 220 is coupled to desulfurization and decarbonization unit 300 for heat exchange treatment of the reduced spent gas using a portion of the purified reduced exhaust gas. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of the reducing gas can be improved, and the reduction efficiency of the ore powder can be improved. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reducing exhaust gas used for the heat exchange treatment needs to be returned to the reduction reactor after being preheated. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the reduced exhaust gas after purification from entering the transport bed reduction reactor 200 and lowering the temperature of the transport bed reduction reactor, resulting in a decrease in reduction efficiency. In turn, the reduction efficiency of the ore powder is improved.
本发明的再一个实施例， 还原乏气返回管路 400上设置有加热炉 410， 以便在将经过净 化的还原乏气引入输送床还原反应器 200之前， 在加热炉 410中对经过净化的还原乏气进 行预热处理， 其中， 所述加热炉 410采用经过净化的还原乏气的一部分作为燃料， 即将还 原乏气的另一部分通入加热炉， 作为燃料使用。 由此可以避免净化后的低温还原乏气降低 输送床还原反应器 200内的温度， 由此可以进一步提高矿粉的还原效率。  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the reducing exhaust gas return line 400 is provided with a heating furnace 410 for purifying the purified furnace 410 before introducing the purified reducing exhaust gas into the transport bed reduction reactor 200. The exhaust gas is subjected to preheating treatment, wherein the heating furnace 410 uses a part of the purified reduced exhaust gas as a fuel, that is, another portion of the reduced exhaust gas is introduced into the heating furnace and used as a fuel. Thereby, the low temperature reducing exhaust gas after purification can be prevented from lowering the temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor 200, whereby the reduction efficiency of the ore fine powder can be further improved.
本发明实施例的矿粉还原方法的优点：  Advantages of the ore recovery method of the embodiment of the invention:
1、 采用气化反应器可以气化褐煤、 长焰煤、 次烟煤等中低阶煤， 适合我国富煤少油缺 气的资源格局， 降低还原气的制备成本；  1. The gasification reactor can be used to gasify medium and low rank coals such as lignite, long flame coal and sub-bituminous coal, which is suitable for the resource pattern of rich coal and oil shortage in China, and reduce the preparation cost of reducing gas;
2、 将还原气净化后直接与净化后预热的还原乏气混合进入输送床还原反应器 200， 使 煤气热量和有效气体成分被充分利用；  2. After the reducing gas is purified, it is directly mixed with the reducing exhaust gas preheated after purification into the transport bed reduction reactor 200, so that the gas heat and the effective gas components are fully utilized;
3、 还原气中含有一定的甲垸， 满足了后续工艺的渗碳要求；  3. The reducing gas contains a certain amount of formazan, which satisfies the carburizing requirements of the subsequent process;
4、 采用加热炉对净化的还原乏气进行加热， 热效率非常高；  4. The heating furnace is used to heat the purified reducing exhaust gas, and the thermal efficiency is very high;
5、 能够实现红土镍矿、 鲕状赤铁矿、 羚羊石矿、 钒钛磁铁矿、 赤铁矿、 镜铁矿、 褐铁 矿、 菱铁矿等低品位复杂难处理矿以及有色金属氧化物炉渣等的直接还原。  5. It can realize low-grade complex refractory ore and non-ferrous metal oxidation of laterite nickel ore, 鲕-like hematite, antelope stone ore, vanadium-titanium magnetite, hematite, mirror iron ore, limonite, and siderite. Direct reduction of slag or the like.
6、 直接使用粉矿， 省去了烧结、 球团等高污染、 高耗能工序， 节省了大量的基建投资 和运行成本。  6. Direct use of powder ore, eliminating the high pollution and high energy consumption processes such as sintering and pellets, saving a lot of capital investment and operating costs.
此外， 术语"第一"、 "第二 "仅用于描述目的， 而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者 隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。 由此， 限定有 "第一"、 "第二 "的特征可以明示或者隐含 地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中， "多个"的含义是两个或两个以上， 除非 另有明确具体的限定。 Moreover, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include one or more of the features, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless There are also clear and specific limits.
在本发明中， 除非另有明确的规定和限定， 术语"安装"、 "相连"、 "连接"、 "固定 "等术 语应做广义理解， 例如， 可以是固定连接， 也可以是可拆卸连接， 或一体地连接； 可以是 机械连接， 也可以是电连接； 可以是直接相连， 也可以通过中间媒介间接相连， 可以是两 个元件内部的连通。 对于本领域的普通技术人员而言， 可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在 本发明中的具体含义。  In the present invention, the terms "installation", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. , or connected integrally; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
实施例  Example
如图 4所示， 1、 气化反应器； 2、 气化反应器一级旋风分离器； 3、 气化反应器二级旋 风分离器； 4、 输送床还原反应器； 5、 还原产物分料仓； 6、 一级还原乏气旋风分离器； 7、 二级还原乏气旋风分离器； 8、 换热器； 9、 洗涤器； 10、 气液分离器； 11、 压缩机； 12、 脱硫脱碳装置； 13、 加热炉。  As shown in Figure 4, 1, gasification reactor; 2, gasification reactor primary cyclone separator; 3, gasification reactor secondary cyclone separator; 4, transport bed reduction reactor; 5, reduction product 6. Silo; 6, primary reduction spent cyclone separator; 7, secondary reduction spent cyclone separator; 8, heat exchanger; 9, scrubber; 10, gas-liquid separator; 11, compressor; Desulfurization and decarbonization device; 13, heating furnace.
以红土镍矿处理量 100x l0Vh的生产规模为例， 褐煤煤粉进入流化床气化反应器 1， 在 900°C和 1.0 MPa压力下与水蒸汽和氧气的气化介质发生气化反应， 产生的高温还原气经过 气化反应器一级旋风分离器 2和气化反应器二级旋风分离器 3除去飞灰， 之后洁净的还原 气与来自加热炉 13的还原乏气混合进入输送床还原反应器 4。  Taking the production scale of laterite nickel ore processing capacity 100x l0Vh as an example, the lignite coal powder enters the fluidized bed gasification reactor 1, and gasification reaction occurs with the vaporization medium of water vapor and oxygen at 900 ° C and 1.0 MPa pressure. The generated high-temperature reducing gas is passed through the gasification reactor primary cyclone 2 and the gasification reactor secondary cyclone 3 to remove the fly ash, and then the clean reducing gas is mixed with the reducing exhaust gas from the heating furnace 13 into the transport bed reduction reaction. Device 4.
0.5mm粒径的红土镍矿矿粉由输送床还原反应器 4顶部进入输送床还原反应器 4与输 送床还原反应器 4下部进入的还原气在 850°C和 0.8 MPa压力下发生还原反应， 其中还原气 应满足： H2/CO=1.2、 （H2+CO)/(H20+C02)=13、 CH4=5%、 N2=7%、 C02含量 2 %， 还原产 物经气体换热后由输送床还原反应器 4底部排出， 金属回收率达到 90%， The 0.5mm particle size laterite nickel ore powder is reduced from the top of the transport bed reduction reactor 4 into the transport bed reduction reactor 4 and the reducing gas entering the lower part of the transport bed reduction reactor 4 at 850 ° C and 0.8 MPa pressure. The reducing gas should satisfy: H 2 /CO=1.2, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 0+C0 2 )=13, CH 4 =5%, N 2 =7%, C0 2 content 2 %, reduction After the product is heat exchanged by the gas, it is discharged from the bottom of the transport bed reduction reactor 4, and the metal recovery rate reaches 90%.
输送床还原反应器 4的还原乏气经一级、 二级还原乏气旋风分离器 6、 7除尘后， 进入 换热器 8与来自脱硫脱碳装置 12的一路气体进行换热， 再经过洗涤器洗涤 9和气液分离器 10除液， 之后经压缩机 11增压后进入脱硫脱碳装置 12， 然后分成两路气体： 第一路气体 先在换热器 8与经二级还原乏气旋风分离器 7除尘后的还原乏气进行换热， 再进入加热炉 13加热后， 与来自流化床气化反应器 1净化后的还原气混合进入输送床还原反应器 4; 第 二路气体进入加热炉 13作为燃料使用。  The reduced exhaust gas of the transport bed reduction reactor 4 is dedusted by the primary and secondary reduction spent cyclone separators 6, 7 and then enters the heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the gas from the desulfurization and decarburization device 12, and then washed. The washing machine 9 and the gas-liquid separator 10 are dehydrated, and then pressurized by the compressor 11 to enter the desulfurization and decarburization device 12, and then divided into two gases: the first gas is first in the heat exchanger 8 and the second-stage reduced exhaust cyclone The reducing gas after the dust removal of the separator 7 is subjected to heat exchange, and then heated into the heating furnace 13 to be mixed with the reducing gas purified from the fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 into the transport bed reduction reactor 4; the second gas enters The heating furnace 13 is used as a fuel.
在本说明书的描述中， 参考术语"一个实施例"、 "一些实施例"、 "示例"、 "具体示例"、 或"一些示例"等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含 于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。 在本说明书中， 对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指 的是相同的实施例或示例。 而且， 描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或者特点可以在任何的一 个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。  In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means a specific feature described in connection with the embodiment or example. A structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In the present specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例， 可以理解的是， 上述实施例是示例性的， 不能理解为对本发明的限制， 本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况 下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、 修改、 替换和变型。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the foregoing embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive Case Variations, modifications, alterations and variations of the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention.

Claims

权利要求书 claims
1、 一种矿粉还原方法， 其特征在于， 包括： 1. A method for reducing mineral powder, which is characterized in that it includes:
使煤、 水蒸气和氧气在气化反应器中反应， 以便得到含有一氧化碳和氢气的还原气； 使所述还原气与矿粉在输送床还原反应器中反应， 以便得到还原产物和还原乏气； 将所述还原乏气进行净化处理， 以便得到经过净化的还原乏气； 以及 Coal, water vapor and oxygen are reacted in the gasification reactor to obtain reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen; the reducing gas and mineral powder are reacted in the transport bed reduction reactor to obtain reduction products and reduction exhaust gas ; Purifying the reduction exhaust gas to obtain purified reduction exhaust gas; and
将所述经过净化的还原乏气引入到所述输送床还原反应器中。 The purified reduction exhaust gas is introduced into the transport bed reduction reactor.
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述矿粉为选自红土镍矿、鲕状赤铁矿、 羚羊石矿、 钒钛磁铁矿、 赤铁矿、 镜铁矿、 褐铁矿、 菱铁矿以及有色金属氧化物炉渣的至 少一种。 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineral powder is selected from the group consisting of laterite nickel ore, oolitic hematite, antelope ore, vanadium titanium magnetite, hematite, mirrorite, At least one of limonite, siderite and non-ferrous metal oxide slag.
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述矿粉的平均粒度为 1.0mm以下。 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the average particle size of the mineral powder is 1.0 mm or less.
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述煤为选自褐煤、 长焰煤以及次烟煤 的至少一种。 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coal is at least one selected from the group consisting of lignite, long-flame coal and sub-bituminous coal.
5、根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述气化反应器内的气化温度为 750 1100 摄氏度， 气化压力为 0.3MPa以上。 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor is 750-1100 degrees Celsius, and the gasification pressure is above 0.3MPa.
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述还原气含有氢气、 一氧化碳、 二氧 化碳、 甲垸、 氮气， 其中， 各组分的体积百分比满足下列条件： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10， 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfies the following conditions: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3%<CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3%.
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述气化反应器为选自固定床、 流化床 和输送床的至少一种。 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of fixed bed, fluidized bed and conveying bed.
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在将还原气与矿粉反应之前， 预先对所 述还原气进行除尘处理。 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before reacting the reducing gas with the ore powder, the reducing gas is subjected to dust removal treatment in advance.
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述输送床还原反应器内的还原温度为 750~1150摄氏度， 还原压力小于或等于 1.0MPa。 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reduction temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor is 750~1150 degrees Celsius, and the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0MPa.
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述净化处理进一步包括： 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the purification treatment further includes:
对所述还原乏气依次进行除尘处理、 换热处理、洗涤处理、气液分离处理、压缩处理以 及脱硫脱碳处理。 The reduction exhaust gas is sequentially subjected to dust removal treatment, heat exchange treatment, washing treatment, gas-liquid separation treatment, compression treatment and desulfurization and decarbonization treatment.
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法， 其特征在于， 利用所述经过净化的还原乏气的一部 分对所述还原乏气进行换热处理。 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that a part of the purified reduction exhaust gas is used to perform heat exchange treatment on the reduction exhaust gas.
12、根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在将所述经过净化的还原乏气引入所述 输送床还原反应器之前， 在加热炉中对所述经过净化的还原乏气进行预热处理， 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before introducing the purified reduction exhaust gas into the conveyor bed reduction reactor, the purified reduction exhaust gas is preheated in a heating furnace. heat treatment,
其中， 所述加热炉采用所述经过净化的还原乏气的一部分作为燃料。 Wherein, the heating furnace uses a part of the purified reduction exhaust gas as fuel.
13、 一种用于还原矿粉的系统， 其特征在于， 包括： 13. A system for reducing mineral powder, characterized by including:
气化反应器， 所述气化反应器用于使煤、水蒸气和氧气在其中反应， 以便得到含有一氧 化碳和氢气的还原气； A gasification reactor, which is used to react coal, water vapor and oxygen therein to obtain reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen;
输送床还原反应器，所述输送床还原反应器与所述气化反应器相连，用于使所述还原气 与矿粉在输送床还原反应器中反应， 以便得到还原产物和还原乏气； A transport bed reduction reactor, which is connected to the gasification reactor and is used to react the reducing gas and mineral powder in the transport bed reduction reactor to obtain reduction products and reduction exhaust gas;
脱硫脱碳装置，所述脱硫脱碳装置与所述输送床还原反应器相连，将所述还原乏气进行 脱硫脱碳处理， 以便得到经过净化的还原乏气； 以及 A desulfurization and decarbonization device, the desulfurization and decarbonization device is connected to the transport bed reduction reactor, and the reduction exhaust gas is subjected to desulfurization and decarbonization treatment to obtain purified reduction exhaust gas; and
还原乏气返回管路，所述还原乏气返回管路分别与所述脱硫脱碳装置和所述输送床还原 反应器相连， 用于将所述经过净化的还原乏气引入到所述输送床还原反应器中。 Reduction exhaust gas return pipeline, the reduction exhaust gas return pipeline is connected to the desulfurization and decarbonization device and the transport bed reduction reactor respectively, and is used to introduce the purified reduction exhaust gas into the transport bed in the reduction reactor.
14、 根据权利要求 13 所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述气化反应器内的气化温度为 750-1100摄氏度， 气化压力为 0.3MPa以上。 14. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that the gasification temperature in the gasification reactor is 750-1100 degrees Celsius, and the gasification pressure is above 0.3MPa.
15、 根据权利要求 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述还原气含有氢气、 一氧化碳、 二 氧化碳、 甲垸、 氮气， 其中， 各组分的体积百分比满足下列条件： H2/CO>0.5， (H2+CO)/(H2O+CO2)>10， 3%<CH4<15%, N2<10%， 1%≤C02≤3%。 15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the reducing gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen, wherein the volume percentage of each component satisfies the following conditions: H 2 /CO>0.5, (H 2 +CO)/(H 2 O+CO 2 )>10, 3%<CH 4 <15%, N 2 <10%, 1%≤C0 2 ≤3%.
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述气化反应器为选自固定床、 流化 床和输送床的至少一种。 16. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that the gasification reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of fixed bed, fluidized bed and conveying bed.
17、 根据权利要求 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 进一步包括： 17. The system according to claim 13, further comprising:
第一除尘装置， 所述第一除尘装置分别与所述气化反应器和所述输送床还原反应器相 连， 用于在将还原气与矿粉反应之前， 预先对所述还原气进行除尘处理。 A first dust removal device, the first dust removal device is connected to the gasification reactor and the transport bed reduction reactor respectively, and is used to pre-dust the reducing gas before reacting the reducing gas with the ore powder. .
18、 根据权利要求 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述输送床还原反应器内的还原温度 为 750~1150摄氏度， 还原压力小于或等于 1.0MPa。 18. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that the reduction temperature in the transport bed reduction reactor is 750~1150 degrees Celsius, and the reduction pressure is less than or equal to 1.0MPa.
19、 根据权利要求 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 在所述输送床还原反应器与所述脱硫 脱碳装置之间， 沿所述输送床还原反应器向所述脱硫脱碳装置的方向， 依次设置有第二除 尘装置、 换热装置、 洗涤装置、 气液分离装置以及压缩装置， 以便在对所述还原乏气进行 脱硫脱碳之前， 预先对所述还原乏气依次进行除尘处理、 换热处理、 洗涤处理以及气液分 离处理， 并对气液分离之后所得到的气体进行压缩之后进行所述脱硫脱碳处理。 19. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, between the transport bed reduction reactor and the desulfurization and decarbonization device, along the direction of the transport bed reduction reactor toward the desulfurization and decarbonization device , a second dust removal device, a heat exchange device, a washing device, a gas-liquid separation device and a compression device are provided in sequence, so that the reduction exhaust gas can be subjected to dust removal treatment in sequence before the reduction exhaust gas is desulfurized and decarbonized. heat exchange treatment, washing treatment and gas-liquid separation treatment, and the gas obtained after gas-liquid separation is compressed and then the desulfurization and decarbonization treatment is performed.
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述换热装置与所述脱硫脱碳装置相 连， 以便利用所述经过净化的还原乏气的一部分对所述还原乏气进行换热处理。 20. The system according to claim 19, characterized in that the heat exchange device is connected to the desulfurization and decarburization device so as to utilize a part of the purified reduction exhaust gas to perform heat exchange on the reduction exhaust gas. deal with.
21、 根据权利要求 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 还原乏气返回管路上设置有加热炉， 以便在将所述经过净化的还原乏气引入所述输送床还原反应器之前， 在加热炉中对所述经 过净化的还原乏气进行预热处理， 其中， 所述加热炉采用所述经过净化的还原乏气的一部 分作为燃料。 21. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that a heating furnace is provided on the reduction exhaust gas return pipeline, so that before the purified reduction exhaust gas is introduced into the transport bed reduction reactor, the heating furnace The purified reduction exhaust gas is preheated, wherein the heating furnace uses a part of the purified reduction exhaust gas as fuel.
PCT/CN2014/078062 2013-05-23 2014-05-21 New process and system for conveying bed smelting of reducing gas prepared by using medium/low-rank coal gasification WO2014187326A1 (en)

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