WO2014184393A1 - Insulation panels - Google Patents
Insulation panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014184393A1 WO2014184393A1 PCT/EP2014/060270 EP2014060270W WO2014184393A1 WO 2014184393 A1 WO2014184393 A1 WO 2014184393A1 EP 2014060270 W EP2014060270 W EP 2014060270W WO 2014184393 A1 WO2014184393 A1 WO 2014184393A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- insulation panel
- silica
- ash
- core composition
- fibres
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 calcium silicate hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfluramid Chemical group CCNS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229960005363 aluminium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004890 Hydrophobing Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000134 Metallised film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011140 metalized polyester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
- E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- VIPs vacuum insulation panels
- thermal insulation materials have historically been used. These include, for example, organic insulation materials, such as foamed plastics, e.g.
- polystyrene, polyurethane wood fibre materials, such as wood wool and cork; vegetable or animal fibres, such as hemp, flax and/or wool; inorganic thermal insulation materials, such as mineral wool, glass wool, foamed glass, calcium silicate boards and gypsum
- plasterboards such as porous concrete, pumice, perlite and
- VIPs vacuum insulation panels
- polystyrene, polyurethane and/or silica enveloped in an air-tight filmic casing e.g. a metal (aluminium) foil or a metalized plastic film which panel is evacuated by vacuum.
- a metal (aluminium) foil or a metalized plastic film which panel is evacuated by vacuum.
- These panels have a significantly lower thermal conductivity of from about 0.004 to 0.008 W/mK at room temperature (depending on the core material and the level of reduced pressure) and therefore provide significantly better thermal insulation than the aforementioned conventional thermal insulation systems resulting in the ability to be provided in
- thermal conductivity value of the insulation materials used are significant with the lower the thermal conductivity value the lower the heat flow (energy) through the insulation material at any given temperature difference.
- heat transfer in insulation occurs as a result of the sum of three components:
- Solid phase conduction is generally minimized by using a low-density material (e.g. a material comprising a high volume fraction of pores). Most insulation is between 80% and 98% porous. It is also advantageous to use a solid material that has a low inherent thermal conductivity (e.g. plastics and some ceramics/glasses are better than metals).
- a low-density material e.g. a material comprising a high volume fraction of pores. Most insulation is between 80% and 98% porous. It is also advantageous to use a solid material that has a low inherent thermal conductivity (e.g. plastics and some ceramics/glasses are better than metals).
- the thermal conductivity of insulation filled with such an inert gas may range from 0.009 to 0.018 W/mK at room temperature, dependent on the gas selected/utilised. In such cases, it is essential to select suitable gas-tight wrapping materials to prevent both the selected gas from leaking out of the pores and atmospheric gases (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen) being introduced into the insulation;
- suitable gas-tight wrapping materials to prevent both the selected gas from leaking out of the pores and atmospheric gases (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen) being introduced into the insulation;
- gases transfer heat when gas molecules collide with each other.
- the mean free path of a particular gas is the average distance between collisions for the molecules of the gas.
- the Knudsen effect occurs when a gas is trapped within insulation which has a pore size approximately equal to or smaller than the mean free path of the gas molecules.
- the mean free path of the gas approaches the pore size of the insulation, the gas phase conductivity is dramatically reduced.
- the mean free path is much larger than the pore size, the gas phase conductivity approaches zero and the total effective thermal conductivity is the sum of only radiation and solid phase conduction.
- the mean free path of air is approximately 60 nm at ambient temperature and pressure while the pore/cell size of polymer foams and fibrous materials are often greater than 10 ⁇ . In this situation it will be appreciated that the Knudsen effect cannot occur if such polymer foams and fibrous materials are used with air at or near ambient temperature and pressure.
- a VIP system can utilise the Knudsen effect to lower gas phase conduction by encapsulating an insulation material within a barrier envelope and creating a partial vacuum in the insulation within the barrier envelope once sealed. This increases the mean free path of the gas by lowering the gas density which, in turn, lowers gas phase conduction.
- VIP systems can achieve thermal conductivity values of less than 0.002 W/mK at ambient temperatures, which is an order of magnitude improvement over conventional insulation.
- the thermal insulation efficiency of evacuated microporous panels is a factor 5 to 10 higher than atmospheric panels.
- US4159359 provides insulating materials having low thermal conductivity formed from pyrogenic (fumed) silica, precipitated silicas and silica aerogels which are formed into compacted panels wrapped in an air-tight skin. A low conductivity gas is provided in the system to replace air/nitrogen.
- the two main core compositions utilised for core compositions in VIP systems are glass fibre based and/or silica based VIPs.
- the former have an average 15 year life time and are principally used in appliance to insulate refrigerators.
- the latter have a > 25 year life time and can be used in insulation of buildings.
- VIP panel core composition comprising
- the VIP panel core composition consists of
- a VIP panel comprising a panel core composition as hereinbefore described in a vacuum inside a filmic barrier envelope.
- tetrachloride or quartz sand vaporised in a high temperature (e.g. 3000 °C) electric arc molten spheres of fumed silica (primary particles) collide and fuse with one another to form into branched chain-like 3-D particles (secondary particles), typically referred to as aggregates. As the aggregates cool below the fusion temperature of silica further collisions occur resulting in the formation of tertiary particles (agglomerates) which agglomerate.
- the resulting fumed silica powder has a particle size of from 5 to 50 nm, has an extremely low bulk density (35.00 to 40.00 kg/m 3 e.g. about 36.85 kg/m 3 ) and a high surface area of 50-600 m 2 /g.
- the particles are substantially non-porous.
- silica aerogels also in component (a) are silica aerogels, CAS Registry Number: 308075-23-2.
- a silica aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from silica gel, in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density (e.g. from 0.001 - 0.5 g cm "3 ) and thermal conductivity of from 0.03 W/m K down to 0.004 W/rn- K.
- Silica aerogels are composed of silica nanoparticles which are interconnected in a complex framework, typically dependent on the chemistry used to prepare the aerogel precursor gel (e.g.
- silica aerogels produced via acid-catalyzed sol-gel processes which can produce for example nano-sized primary particles of silica 2-50 nm in diameter). These primary particles are then agglomerated into spherical secondary particles 50 - 2000 nm in diameter which are then, in turn, connected together in strands.
- the smaller primary particles tend not to agglomerate into secondary particles which can result in, e.g. a leaf like morphology.
- a specific surface area determined by the BET method, of less than or equal to 100m 2 /g, alternatively less than or equal to 50 m 2 /g, alternative
- component (b) may be microsilica.
- microsilica is an amorphous (non)crystalline polymorph of silica which is an ultrafine powder collected as a by product in the carbothermic reduction of high-purity quartz with carbonaceous materials in electric arc furnaces in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys.
- Microsilica is an ultrafine material of spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm, a typical specific gravity of about 2.25 and a specific surface area in the range of from about 15,000 to about 30,000 m 2 / kg and a densified bulk density of from 600 - 750 kg/m 3 and an undensified bulk density of from 175 to 350 kg/m 3 .
- Component (a) is typically present in an amount of 40 to 93 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 40 to 85 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively 40 to 75 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 50 to 75 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance.
- Component (b) is typically present in an amount of 5 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 10 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively 20 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 25 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance.
- the fibres which are utilised are used to provide reinforcement or strengthening, i.e. for mechanical reinforcement.
- These fibres can be of inorganic or organic origin.
- inorganic fibres are preferably glass wool, rock wool, basalt fibres, slag wool and ceramic fibres composed of melts of aluminium and/or silicon dioxide and also further inorganic metal oxides.
- Pure silicon dioxide fibres are, for example, silica fibres.
- organic fibres include polyester fibres and/or cellulosic, textile fibres or synthetic polymer fibres or any combination thereof. In one embodiment organic fibres are utilised, for example cellulosic fibres such as viscose fibres.
- Component (c) is typically present in an amount of from 1 to 15 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d),
- Component (d) is one or more infrared opacifiers, compounds which can absorb, scatter and reflect thermal radiation in the infrared range. These opacifiers preferably have a maximum absorption in the range of preferably from 1 .5 to 10 m in the infrared spectral range. The particle size of these particles is preferably in the range 0.5-15 ⁇ . Examples of such substances are preferably titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, ilmenites, iron titanates, iron oxides, zirconium silicates, silicon carbide, manganese oxides and carbon black or any combination thereof. In one embodiment silicon carbide is utilised as the opacifier.
- Component (d) is typically present in an amount of from 1 to 20 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 1 to 15 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively 2 to 12 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance.
- Component (d) is available commercially.
- BET Brunauer-Emmet-Teller
- a highly structured silica i.e. having a high specific surface area measured by the BET method will improve thermal insulation properties in a VIP.
- a silica having low specific surface area measured by the BET method ca 20 m 2 /g
- microsilica in substitution for a silica having a high specific surface area measured by the BET method (300 m 2 /g) e.g. fumed silica or silica aerogel is leading to equivalent and in some cases better thermal insulation properties, which is totally unexpected.
- the use of silica having a low specific surface area measured by the BET significantly reduces the raw material costs over the use of silica having a high specific surface area measured by the BET method silica.
- Optional ingredients may be introduced into the composition if desired these may include, for example, one or more desiccants and/or one or more hydrophobing agents. Any suitable commercially available desiccants and hydrophobing agents, flocculants, thickeners, plasticizers, forming agents, polymeric resin emulsions or any combination thereof may be utilised if required. These may be added to the mixture in an amount of up to 10% by weight of the total weight of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d).
- a VIP panel core composition comprising
- microspheres microspheres, volcano ash shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicone materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof (c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
- component (b) comprises and/or consists of microsilica, zeolite or calcium carbonate or any combination thereof and/or component (c) comprises and/or consists of cellulosic fibres in particular viscose fibres and/or component (d) comprises or consists of silicon carbide.
- a VIP panel core composition comprising
- component (b) comprises and/or consists of microsilica, zeolite or calcium carbonate or any combination thereof and/or component (c) comprises and/or consists of cellulosic fibres e.g. viscose fibres and/or component (d) comprises or consists of silicon carbide.
- the core material is placed into a suitable filmic barrier envelope and the envelope is sealed and evacuated.
- the filmic barrier envelope is moisture impermeable and/or substantially gas impermeable and can comprise or consist of a metallised film or a multi-layered laminate of metalised films, such as a metallized polyester or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the filmic barrier envelope can be thermoplastic to facilitate heat-sealing of the core composition within said filmic barrier envelope after evacuation via a suitable vacuum means.
- the filmic barrier envelope is sealed excepting an entrance to allow insertion of the core material. Once the core material has been inserted into the envelope said entrance is sealed and the filmic barrier envelope is evacuated.
- inner liners or bags may be utilised intermediate between the core composition as hereinbefore described and the filmic barrier envelope.
- the inner liner may be made of polyolefin, polyester or glass fibres.
- the inner liner(s) may function as oxygen barrier(s) (e.g. containing cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (“PVOH”)).
- PVOH cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol
- the inner liner can be a plastic film and the plastic film can comprise a plastic material that is different than the filmic barrier envelope.
- the or each inner liner can also be thicker than the filmic barrier envelope.
- an inner liner can have a thickness of at least about 0.025 mm but typically not greater than about 1 mm, and more preferably at least about 0.05 mm and not greater than about 0.5 mm.
- the inner liner can be a film of material such as polystyrene or polypropylene.
- the filmic barrier envelope can be evacuated via any appropriate method to a pressure of not greater than about 100 millibars (100 x 10 5 mPa), such as not greater than about 10 millibars (10 x 10 5 mPa), preferably lower than 5 millibars (5 x 10 5 mPa).
- a method for making a vacuum insulation panel involves the following steps:-.
- step B inserting the panel or shaped article resulting from step A into an inner liner
- step (C) drying the panel or shaped article resulting from step (A) or (B) to reduce moisture content
- step (D) Insertion of the panel or shaped article resulting from step (A), (B) or (C) into a filmic barrier envelope
- the aforementioned vacuum insulation panels have a thermal conductivity of from 0.003 to 0.008 W/mK at room temperature when evacuated.
- the vacuum insulated panels as hereinbefore described are typically used in the construction of new buildings and for insulating pre-existing buildings as insulation in refrigeration appliances and for insulation of pipes and/or machines in industry.
- VIPs vacuum insulated panels
- the fibres have been predispersed with a dynamic mixer (IKA RW 20) to facilitate their dispersion in the powders.
- the VIP core components were weighed out and in each instance were then introduced into a 20 litre pail in order to reach a total weight of 420g.
- Five stainless steel balls of dimension 17.5 mm diameter were added to each pail to facilitate fibre dispersion.
- the pail was closed with a standard lid and then placed in a Collomix ® biaxial mixer and shaken for 8 minutes.
- 302 g of the resulting core composition mixture was weighed and poured into a 300 x 300 mm 2 mold and progressively compressed until a thickness of 20 mm was achieved. The pressure was then released slowly over a period of 5 minutes.
- the resulting panel or shaped article was then packaged in an inner liner in the form of biaxial oriented polyethylene films.
- the resulting product was then heated at 160 Q C for 5 s and subsequently dried in a chamber at 100 Q C for a period of 3 days.
- Two Hanita ® MF3 metalized films (V08621 B) were placed on top of each other with their respective polyethylene side facing each other (i.e. facing inwardly). Two edges of the films were then sealed together at a temperature of about 140 Q C for 6 sec, to form a filmic barrier envelope sized to be able to receive the compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film.
- the compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film was then placed inside envelope and was subsequently sealed at the third edge.
- the filmic barrier envelope containing the compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film was evacuated using a VAC ® Company vacuum apparatus (HVV90500). The last edge of the envelope was heat sealed when the pressure applied in the chamber reached a value below 0.5 mbar (5 x 10 4 mPa). Then the chamber was equilibrated at atmospheric pressure and the VIP was unloaded from the chamber.
- HVV90500 VAC ® Company vacuum apparatus
- a Heat Flow Meter Lasercomp ® Fox 314 was used to perform thermal conductivity measurements according to ISO 8301 : 1991 .
- a temperature of 0 Q C on the upper plate and 20 Q C at the lower plate was set until an equilibrium state is achieved.
- the thickness (s) of the sample was averaged from the 4 corners automatically by the equipment.
- the heat flow (q) at the upper and lower plate must be equal and is used in the following equation to measure the thermal conductivity ( ⁇ ) of the sample,
- A is the surface area of the panel
- the error of measurement was estimated to about 4%.
- Figure 1 depicts the increase in thermal conductivity of an unevacuated
- the composition comprised 3% by weight of silicon carbide (opacifier), 3% by weight of viscose fibres and a variable amount of microsilica substituting fumed silica (with the total weight % being equal to 100 wt% in each case).
- opacifier silicon carbide
- microsilica substituting fumed silica
- microsilica is denser and consists of spherical particles a more defined route for gases within the compressed composition is identified because of the gaps resulting from the spherical shape of the microsilica particles.
- Figure 2 depicts the relationship between thermal conductivity (Y axis) of an evacuated (0.5 mbar (5 x 10 4 mPa)) compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film in a sealed envelope as discussed above.
- the composition comprised 3% by weight of silicon carbide (opacifier), 3% by weight of fibres and a variable amount of microsilica substituting fumed silica (with the total weight % being equal to 100 wt% in each case).
- the thermal conductivity remains relatively constant (in the presence of polyester fibres and is actually seen to reduce with increasing amounts of microsilica when in the presence of viscose fibres. This behaviour is unexpected from current interpretations of the Knudsen effect.
- Table 1 below details specific values of thermal conductivity for the specifically listed compositions and shows that the replacement of some of the fumed silica with microsilica, zeolite or calcium carbonate unexpectedly results in reduced thermal conductivities when rather than increasing the thermal conductivity values.
- composition values are given as % wt of the composition for each constituent.
- the Knudsen effect is actually due to the reduction of collisions in the gas due to its dilution. While pulling vacuum there is less gas molecules and therefore less collisions and finally less heat transfer from one side to another.
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Abstract
Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), their manufacture and utilisation in insulation applications with the VIPs having an insulation panel core composition, comprising (a) 40 to 93 weight (wt) % of fumed silica, silica aerogel or a mixture thereof, (b) 5 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash, shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicon containing materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof, (c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres, (d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier, with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
Description
INSULATION PANELS
[0001] This relates to vacuum insulation panels (VIPs), their manufacture and utilisation in insulation applications.
[0002] The need for increasing the efficiency of thermal insulation in a wide variety of applications, such as construction in both new buildings and existing buildings as well as thermal insulation in the mobile, logistics and stationary sectors is becoming increasingly important because of the need for sustainable development and the increasing cost of energy, increasingly scarce resources and the desire to reduce C02 emissions.
[0003] A wide variety of thermal insulation materials have historically been used. These include, for example, organic insulation materials, such as foamed plastics, e.g.
polystyrene, polyurethane; wood fibre materials, such as wood wool and cork; vegetable or animal fibres, such as hemp, flax and/or wool; inorganic thermal insulation materials, such as mineral wool, glass wool, foamed glass, calcium silicate boards and gypsum
plasterboards; and mineral foams, such as porous concrete, pumice, perlite and
vermiculite. These conventional thermal insulation materials are mostly used in the form of foamed or pressed boards and mouldings. Thus, it is possible, for example, to introduce polyurethanes and polystyrenes as foams directly into hollow spaces in buildings.
However, these materials alone are not sufficiently effective in their provision of thermal insulation for today's increasingly demanding requirements as, for example; their thermal conductivities are all above 0.020 W/mK at room temperature.
[0004] Far superior insulation properties than the above are displayed by vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) which are effectively a core insulating material such as
polystyrene, polyurethane and/or silica enveloped in an air-tight filmic casing, e.g. a metal (aluminium) foil or a metalized plastic film which panel is evacuated by vacuum. These panels have a significantly lower thermal conductivity of from about 0.004 to 0.008 W/mK at room temperature (depending on the core material and the level of reduced pressure) and therefore provide significantly better thermal insulation than the aforementioned conventional thermal insulation systems resulting in the ability to be provided in
comparatively slimmer units (because of their improved thermal insulation).
[0005] As indicated above, the thermal conductivity value of the insulation materials used are significant with the lower the thermal conductivity value the lower the heat flow (energy) through the insulation material at any given temperature difference. Typically heat transfer in insulation occurs as a result of the sum of three components:
(i) solid phase conduction,
(ii) gas phase conduction and
(iii) radiation.
[0006] Solid phase conduction is generally minimized by using a low-density material (e.g. a material comprising a high volume fraction of pores). Most insulation is between 80% and 98% porous. It is also advantageous to use a solid material that has a low inherent thermal conductivity (e.g. plastics and some ceramics/glasses are better than metals).
[0007] With control of radiation, use of low thermal conductivity materials and a highly porous solid matrix, the thermal conductivity of an insulation material approaches that of the gas contained within the pores of the insulation. There are at least two methods of lowering gas phase conduction in insulation, these are:-
(i) Trapping gases having a lower thermal conductivity than air (e.g. argon, carbon
dioxide, xenon and krypton) in the pores.
The thermal conductivity of insulation filled with such an inert gas may range from 0.009 to 0.018 W/mK at room temperature, dependent on the gas selected/utilised. In such cases, it is essential to select suitable gas-tight wrapping materials to prevent both the selected gas from leaking out of the pores and atmospheric gases (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen) being introduced into the insulation;
(ii) Reliance on the Knudsen effect.
Generally, gases transfer heat when gas molecules collide with each other. The mean free path of a particular gas is the average distance between collisions for the molecules of the gas. The Knudsen effect occurs when a gas is trapped within insulation which has a pore size approximately equal to or smaller than the mean free path of the gas molecules. When the mean free path of the gas approaches the pore size of the insulation, the gas phase conductivity is dramatically reduced. However, when the mean free path is much larger than the pore size, the gas phase conductivity approaches zero and the total effective thermal conductivity is the sum of only radiation and solid phase conduction. For example, the mean free path of air is approximately 60 nm at ambient temperature and pressure while the pore/cell size of polymer foams and fibrous materials are often greater than 10 μηι. In this situation it will be appreciated that the Knudsen effect cannot occur if such polymer foams and fibrous materials are used with air at or near ambient temperature and pressure.
[0008] However, a VIP system can utilise the Knudsen effect to lower gas phase conduction by encapsulating an insulation material within a barrier envelope and creating a partial vacuum in the insulation within the barrier envelope once sealed. This increases the mean free path of the gas by lowering the gas density which, in turn, lowers gas phase conduction. Hence VIP systems can achieve thermal conductivity values of less than 0.002 W/mK at ambient temperatures, which is an order of magnitude improvement over
conventional insulation. Hence, the thermal insulation efficiency of evacuated microporous panels is a factor 5 to 10 higher than atmospheric panels.
[0009] US4159359 provides insulating materials having low thermal conductivity formed from pyrogenic (fumed) silica, precipitated silicas and silica aerogels which are formed into compacted panels wrapped in an air-tight skin. A low conductivity gas is provided in the system to replace air/nitrogen.
[0010] Currently, the two main core compositions utilised for core compositions in VIP systems are glass fibre based and/or silica based VIPs. The former have an average 15 year life time and are principally used in appliance to insulate refrigerators. The latter have a > 25 year life time and can be used in insulation of buildings.
[0011 ] There is provided herein a VIP panel core composition, comprising
(a) 40 to 93 weight (wt) % of fumed silica or silica aerogel,
(b) 5 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET
method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, , aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash, shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicon containing materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier,
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
[0012] In one embodiment the VIP panel core composition, consists of
(a) 40 to 93 wt % of fumed silica or silica aerogel,
(b) 5 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET
method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc, fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, , aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicone materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier,
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
[0013] In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a VIP panel comprising a panel core composition as hereinbefore described in a vacuum inside a filmic barrier envelope.
[0014] For the avoidance of doubt:
In Component (a) - Fumed silica (sometimes referred to as pyrogenic silica), CAS Registry Number: 1 12945-52-5, is produced in a flame from the flame pyrolysis of silicon
tetrachloride or quartz sand vaporised in a high temperature (e.g. 3000 °C) electric arc. During the preparation process molten spheres of fumed silica (primary particles) collide and fuse with one another to form into branched chain-like 3-D particles (secondary particles), typically referred to as aggregates. As the aggregates cool below the fusion temperature of silica further collisions occur resulting in the formation of tertiary particles (agglomerates) which agglomerate. The resulting fumed silica powder has a particle size of from 5 to 50 nm, has an extremely low bulk density (35.00 to 40.00 kg/m3 e.g. about 36.85 kg/m3) and a high surface area of 50-600 m2/g. The particles are substantially non-porous.
[0015] Also in component (a) are silica aerogels, CAS Registry Number: 308075-23-2. A silica aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from silica gel, in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density (e.g. from 0.001 - 0.5 g cm"3) and thermal conductivity of from 0.03 W/m K down to 0.004 W/rn- K. Silica aerogels are composed of silica nanoparticles which are interconnected in a complex framework, typically dependent on the chemistry used to prepare the aerogel precursor gel (e.g. via a base-catalyzed alkoxide sol-gel process which can produce for example nano-sized primary particles of silica 2-50 nm in diameter). These primary particles are then agglomerated into spherical secondary particles 50 - 2000 nm in diameter which are then, in turn, connected together in strands. However, in silica aerogels produced via acid-catalyzed sol-gel processes, the smaller primary particles tend not to agglomerate into secondary particles which can result in, e.g. a leaf like morphology.
[0016] Component (b) - particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g, alternatively less than or equal to 50 m2/g, alternatively less than or equal to 30 m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc, fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ashes including perlite, pumice, shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, silicone materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment component (b) may be microsilica.
[0017] For the avoidance of doubt it is to be understood that any reference to microsilica herein is referring to the particulate form of silica (otherwise known as "Silica fume"), (CAS number 69012-64-2). Microsilica is an amorphous (non)crystalline polymorph of silica which is an ultrafine powder collected as a by product in the carbothermic reduction of high-purity quartz with carbonaceous materials in electric arc furnaces in the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys. Microsilica is an ultrafine material of spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm, a typical specific gravity of about 2.25 and a specific surface area in the range of from about 15,000 to about 30,000 m2/ kg and a densified bulk density of from 600 - 750 kg/m3 and an undensified bulk density of from 175 to 350 kg/m3.
[0018] Component (a) is typically present in an amount of 40 to 93 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 40 to 85 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively 40 to 75 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 50 to 75 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance.
[0019] Component (b) is typically present in an amount of 5 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 10 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively 20 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 25 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance.
[0020] Other essential ingredients in the core composition are:
Fibres as indicated as Component (c). The fibres which are utilised are used to provide reinforcement or strengthening, i.e. for mechanical reinforcement. These fibres can be of inorganic or organic origin. Examples of inorganic fibres are preferably glass wool, rock wool, basalt fibres, slag wool and ceramic fibres composed of melts of aluminium and/or silicon dioxide and also further inorganic metal oxides. Pure silicon dioxide fibres are, for example, silica fibres. Examples of organic fibres include polyester fibres and/or cellulosic, textile fibres or synthetic polymer fibres or any combination thereof. In one embodiment organic fibres are utilised, for example cellulosic fibres such as viscose fibres. Component (c) is typically present in an amount of from 1 to 15 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d),
alternatively from 1 to 10 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively 1 to 7 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance. Such fibres are all available commercially.
[0021] Component (d) is one or more infrared opacifiers, compounds which can absorb, scatter and reflect thermal radiation in the infrared range. These opacifiers preferably have a maximum absorption in the range of preferably from 1 .5 to 10 m in the infrared spectral range. The particle size of these particles is preferably in the range 0.5-15 μηι. Examples of such substances are preferably titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, ilmenites, iron
titanates, iron oxides, zirconium silicates, silicon carbide, manganese oxides and carbon black or any combination thereof. In one embodiment silicon carbide is utilised as the opacifier. Component (d) is typically present in an amount of from 1 to 20 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively from 1 to 15 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), alternatively 2 to 12 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance. Component (d) is available commercially.
[0022] It is generally recognized that the silica microstructure plays a significant role on the thermal insulation properties. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) technique is commonly used in the powder industry to measure the specific surface area of solids. It is
demonstrated that a highly structured silica, i.e. having a high specific surface area measured by the BET method will improve thermal insulation properties in a VIP. It can be seen within this disclosure that the addition of a silica having low specific surface area measured by the BET method (ca 20 m2/g) i.e. microsilica in substitution for a silica having a high specific surface area measured by the BET method (300 m2/g) e.g. fumed silica or silica aerogel is leading to equivalent and in some cases better thermal insulation properties, which is totally unexpected. Besides the thermal insulation gain, the use of silica having a low specific surface area measured by the BET significantly reduces the raw material costs over the use of silica having a high specific surface area measured by the BET method silica.
[0023] Optional ingredients may be introduced into the composition if desired these may include, for example, one or more desiccants and/or one or more hydrophobing agents. Any suitable commercially available desiccants and hydrophobing agents, flocculants, thickeners, plasticizers, forming agents, polymeric resin emulsions or any combination thereof may be utilised if required. These may be added to the mixture in an amount of up to 10% by weight of the total weight of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d).
[0024] In one preferred embodiment there is provided herein a VIP panel core composition, comprising
(a) 40 to 75 wt % of fumed silica, silica aerogel or any combination thereof
(b) 10 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET
method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, , talc, fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates,
microspheres, volcano ash shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicone materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier, and
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
[0025] In one alternative of the above, component (b) comprises and/or consists of microsilica, zeolite or calcium carbonate or any combination thereof and/or component (c) comprises and/or consists of cellulosic fibres in particular viscose fibres and/or component (d) comprises or consists of silicon carbide.
[0026] In an alternative embodiment there is provided herein a VIP panel core composition, comprising
(a) 50 to 75 wt % of fumed silica , silica aerogel or any combination thereof
(b) 10 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET
method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaol'n, metakaolin, , talc, fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicone materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres, ,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier, preferably composed of silicon carbide, and
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
[0027] In one alternative of the above component (b) comprises and/or consists of microsilica, zeolite or calcium carbonate or any combination thereof and/or component (c) comprises and/or consists of cellulosic fibres e.g. viscose fibres and/or component (d) comprises or consists of silicon carbide.
[0028] In order to form a vacuum insulated panel the core material is placed into a suitable filmic barrier envelope and the envelope is sealed and evacuated. Typically the filmic barrier envelope is moisture impermeable and/or substantially gas impermeable and can comprise or consist of a metallised film or a multi-layered laminate of metalised films, such as a metallized polyester or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. The filmic barrier envelope can be thermoplastic to facilitate heat-sealing of the core composition within said filmic barrier envelope after evacuation via a suitable vacuum means. Typically the filmic barrier envelope is sealed excepting an entrance to allow insertion of the core material. Once the core material has been inserted into the envelope said entrance is sealed and the filmic barrier envelope is evacuated.
[0029] Often one or more inner liners or bags may be utilised intermediate between the core composition as hereinbefore described and the filmic barrier envelope. The inner liner may be made of polyolefin, polyester or glass fibres. The inner liner(s) may function as oxygen barrier(s) (e.g. containing cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol ("PVOH")).
[0030] The inner liner can be a plastic film and the plastic film can comprise a plastic material that is different than the filmic barrier envelope. The or each inner liner can also be thicker than the filmic barrier envelope. For example, an inner liner can have a thickness of at least about 0.025 mm but typically not greater than about 1 mm, and more preferably at least about 0.05 mm and not greater than about 0.5 mm. In one aspect, the inner liner can be a film of material such as polystyrene or polypropylene.
[0031] According to one aspect, the filmic barrier envelope can be evacuated via any appropriate method to a pressure of not greater than about 100 millibars (100 x 105mPa), such as not greater than about 10 millibars (10 x 105mPa), preferably lower than 5 millibars (5 x 105mPa).
[0032] According to another embodiment, a method for making a vacuum insulation panel is provided which involves the following steps:-.
(A) mixing the constituents of the core material composition as hereinbefore described and (if required) pressing said mixture into a panel or shaped article;
(B) if required inserting the panel or shaped article resulting from step A into an inner liner
(C) if required, drying the panel or shaped article resulting from step (A) or (B) to reduce moisture content
(D) Insertion of the panel or shaped article resulting from step (A), (B) or (C) into a filmic barrier envelope
(E) evacuating and sealing the filmic barrier envelope to form a vacuum insulation panel.
[0033] The aforementioned vacuum insulation panels have a thermal conductivity of from 0.003 to 0.008 W/mK at room temperature when evacuated.
[0034] The vacuum insulated panels as hereinbefore described are typically used in the construction of new buildings and for insulating pre-existing buildings as insulation in refrigeration appliances and for insulation of pipes and/or machines in industry.
Examples
[0035] All samples of vacuum insulated panels (VIPs) utilised in the following examples were prepared in the following manner:
The fibres have been predispersed with a dynamic mixer (IKA RW 20) to facilitate their dispersion in the powders. The VIP core components were weighed out and in each instance were then introduced into a 20 litre pail in order to reach a total weight of 420g.
Five stainless steel balls of dimension 17.5 mm diameter were added to each pail to facilitate fibre dispersion. The pail was closed with a standard lid and then placed in a Collomix® biaxial mixer and shaken for 8 minutes. 302 g of the resulting core composition mixture was weighed and poured into a 300 x 300 mm2 mold and progressively compressed until a thickness of 20 mm was achieved. The pressure was then released slowly over a period of 5 minutes.
The resulting panel or shaped article was then packaged in an inner liner in the form of biaxial oriented polyethylene films. The resulting product was then heated at 160QC for 5 s and subsequently dried in a chamber at 100QC for a period of 3 days.
[0036] Two Hanita® MF3 metalized films (V08621 B) were placed on top of each other with their respective polyethylene side facing each other (i.e. facing inwardly). Two edges of the films were then sealed together at a temperature of about 140QC for 6 sec, to form a filmic barrier envelope sized to be able to receive the compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film. The compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film was then placed inside envelope and was subsequently sealed at the third edge.
[0037] The filmic barrier envelope containing the compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film was evacuated using a VAC® Company vacuum apparatus (HVV90500). The last edge of the envelope was heat sealed when the pressure applied in the chamber reached a value below 0.5 mbar (5 x 104 mPa). Then the chamber was equilibrated at atmospheric pressure and the VIP was unloaded from the chamber.
[0038] A Heat Flow Meter Lasercomp® Fox 314 was used to perform thermal conductivity measurements according to ISO 8301 : 1991 . A temperature of 0QC on the upper plate and 20QC at the lower plate was set until an equilibrium state is achieved. The thickness (s) of the sample was averaged from the 4 corners automatically by the equipment. The heat flow (q) at the upper and lower plate must be equal and is used in the following equation to measure the thermal conductivity (λ) of the sample,
λ = (q.s)/(A.AT).
in which
s= the average thickness of the panel
A= is the surface area of the panel, and
ΔΤ = temperature change (°C)
The error of measurement was estimated to about 4%.
[0039] Figure 1 depicts the increase in thermal conductivity of an unevacuated
compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film in a
sealed envelope as discussed above. The composition comprised 3% by weight of silicon carbide (opacifier), 3% by weight of viscose fibres and a variable amount of microsilica substituting fumed silica (with the total weight % being equal to 100 wt% in each case). An increase of the atmospheric thermal conductivity is observed with the increase in microsilica content in the composition. This trend is expected from the current
interpretations of the Knudsen effect: as microsilica is denser and consists of spherical particles a more defined route for gases within the compressed composition is identified because of the gaps resulting from the spherical shape of the microsilica particles.
[0040] Figure 2 depicts the relationship between thermal conductivity (Y axis) of an evacuated (0.5 mbar (5 x 104 mPa)) compressed mixed core composition wrapped in biaxial oriented polyethylene film in a sealed envelope as discussed above. The composition comprised 3% by weight of silicon carbide (opacifier), 3% by weight of fibres and a variable amount of microsilica substituting fumed silica (with the total weight % being equal to 100 wt% in each case). In the case of Figure 2 unexpectedly the thermal conductivity remains relatively constant (in the presence of polyester fibres and is actually seen to reduce with increasing amounts of microsilica when in the presence of viscose fibres. This behaviour is unexpected from current interpretations of the Knudsen effect.
[0041 ] Table 1 below details specific values of thermal conductivity for the specifically listed compositions and shows that the replacement of some of the fumed silica with microsilica, zeolite or calcium carbonate unexpectedly results in reduced thermal conductivities when rather than increasing the thermal conductivity values. The
composition values are given as % wt of the composition for each constituent.
Table 1
[0042] The Knudsen effect is actually due to the reduction of collisions in the gas due to its dilution. While pulling vacuum there is less gas molecules and therefore less collisions and finally less heat transfer from one side to another. Fumed silica is a highly structured particle, which is leading to a microporous core under compression. The average particle size of the pores is well below 1 μηι, which provides already a benefit in terms of atmospheric thermal insulation properties as the mean free path of the gas molecules (= path without collision) is about the size of the pores and already contributes to the excellent insulation properties of the core. From this point of view the microsilica does not contribute to increase the microporosity as it is a round shape particle. We actually see quite logically a significant increase of the thermal conductivity of the core at atmospheric pressure. It is then surprising to see that after evacuation we observe a reduction of thermal conductivity when microsilica, calcium carbonate and/or zeolite is present.
Claims
An insulation panel core composition, comprising
(a) 40 to 93 weight (wt) % of fumed silica, silica aerogel or a mixture thereof,
(b) 5 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, , aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash, shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicon containing materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof,
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier,
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
An insulation panel core composition in accordance with claim 1 consisting of
(a) 40 to 93 weight (wt) % of fumed silica, silica aerogel or a mixture thereof,
(b) 5 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, , aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash, shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicon containing materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof,
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier,
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
An insulation panel core composition in accordance with claim 1 or 2 characterised in that component (a) is present in the amount of from 40 to 85 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) +
(d) or 40 to 75 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) or from 50 to 75 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) +
(d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt % in each instance.
An insulation panel core composition in accordance with any preceding claim characterised in that component (b) is typically present in an amount of from 10 to 50
wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), or from 20 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), or from 25 to 50 wt % of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d), given the total of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) is 100 wt %.
5. An insulation panel core composition in accordance with any of claims 1 , 2 or 3
comprising
(a) 40 to 75 wt % of fumed silica, silica aerogel or a mixture thereof,
(b) 25 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, , aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash, shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicon containing materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof,
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier,
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
6. An insulation panel core composition in accordance with any of claims 1 , 2 or 3
comprising
(a) 50 to 75 wt % of fumed silica, silica aerogel or a mixture thereof,
(b) 25 to 50 wt % of particles having a specific surface area, determined by the BET method, of less than or equal to 100m2/g selected from clay, kaolin, metakaolin, talc fly ash, light weight aggregates, vermiculite, mica, ash, , aluminium oxide, alumina trihydrate, waterproofing agents, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, metal oxides pigments, colorants, diatomaceous earth and resins, plastic hollow materials, glass and ceramic materials, calcium silicate hydrates, microspheres, volcano ash, shirasu balloons and zeolites, microsilica, geothermal silica, particulate silicon containing materials, aluminium powder, or any combination thereof,
(c) 1 to 15 wt % of fibres,
(d) 1 to 20 wt % of an opacifier,
with the sum of the constituents (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) being 100 wt %.
7. An insulation panel core composition in accordance with any preceding claim
characterised in that component (c) is selected from cellulosic fibres, polyester fibres or a mixture thereof.
8. An insulation panel core composition in accordance with claim 7 characterised in that the cellulosic fibres of component (c) are viscose fibres.
9. An insulation panel core composition in accordance with any preceding claim
characterised in that component (d) is silicon carbide.
10. An insulation panel core composition in accordance with any preceding claim
characterised in that component (b) is microsilica, zeolite, calcium carbonate or any combination thereof.
1 1 . A vacuum insulation panel comprising the insulation panel core composition of any preceding claim.
12. A method for making a vacuum insulation panel comprising the following steps:-.
(A) mixing the constituents of the insulation panel core composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10 and (if required) pressing said mixture into a panel or shaped article;
(B) if required inserting the panel or shaped article resulting from step A into an inner liner
(C) if required, drying the panel or shaped article resulting from step (A) or (B) to reduce moisture content
(D) Insertion of the panel or shaped article resulting from step (A), (B) or (C) into a filmic barrier envelope
(E) evacuating and sealing the filmic barrier envelope to form a vacuum insulation panel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB1309061.8A GB201309061D0 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2013-05-17 | Insulation panels |
GB1309061.8 | 2013-05-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014184393A1 true WO2014184393A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
Family
ID=48747039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/060270 WO2014184393A1 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-19 | Insulation panels |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB201309061D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014184393A1 (en) |
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