WO2014183503A1 - 一种用于高楼火灾逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种用于高楼火灾逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置和使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014183503A1
WO2014183503A1 PCT/CN2014/073779 CN2014073779W WO2014183503A1 WO 2014183503 A1 WO2014183503 A1 WO 2014183503A1 CN 2014073779 W CN2014073779 W CN 2014073779W WO 2014183503 A1 WO2014183503 A1 WO 2014183503A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
rope
chain
control
brake
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/073779
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹宏
Original Assignee
Yin Hong
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yin Hong filed Critical Yin Hong
Publication of WO2014183503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014183503A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B5/00Other devices for rescuing from fire
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/02Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rescue cages, bags, or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/18Other single parts for rope lowering-devices, e.g. take-up rollers for ropes, devices for shooting ropes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a suspension cable lifesaving device for high building fire escape.
  • the invention also relates to a method of using the above described rescue device. Background technique
  • the present invention provides a loop cable lifesaving device for high-rise building escape, which is mainly composed of a control system disposed at the top of a high-rise building and a life-saving system disposed on the ground;
  • the control system is composed of:
  • the control system is provided with a control rope, one end of the control rope is fixed on the first control rope bracket by a tension spring, and the other end of the control rope is connected with the second control rope bracket and then falls to the control room of the high-rise building; a control rod is arranged, the control rod is parallel with the circular hole on the second control rope bracket, the control rod passes through the circular hole in the second control rope bracket, and the end of one lanyard is sleeved on the two of the second control rope bracket In the middle of the bracket, the other end of the lanyard is connected to a heavy object;
  • the control system is provided with a replacement cord wound around the reel, and one end of the replacement cord is connected to a weight;
  • the control system is provided with an outer wall rail, which is installed on the outer wall of the high-rise building.
  • the control system is provided with an outer wall rail. It is installed on the outer wall of the high-rise building.
  • the track is equipped with pulleys. A hook is connected under the pulley, and the replacement rope is worn at one end. Connected to the heavy object through the hook;
  • the control system has a first floor escape platform installed in the wall of the top of the high-rise building.
  • the escape platform is equipped with a rotating boom and a sliding plate.
  • the end of the rotating boom is connected with a hook, and the end of the replacement rope passes through the hook and the heavy object. Connecting, the other end of the rotating boom is connected to the sliding plate by a rope;
  • the ground rescue system consists of:
  • the ground rescue system is mainly composed of a chain transmission device fixed on the operating platform, a cable with a lifting loop, and a cable retracting device.
  • the second motor in the chain transmission device is mounted on the second motor bracket, and the second motor shaft is provided at the end of the transmission shaft.
  • a gear ; two chain support seats are disposed on two sides of the cable passage on the operating platform, a third gear is disposed between the upper and lower portions of the two chain support seats, and a chain sliding groove is installed between the two third gears , the third tooth on the upper part of the chain sliding groove
  • the axle shaft meshes with the first gear through the second gear through the chain support, and the second motor rotates through the second gear to drive the third gear of the upper portion to rotate;
  • a curved plate is respectively mounted on two sides of one of the two chain support seats, and two straight sides are respectively mounted on two sides of the two chain support seats, and the curved plate and the straight plate are respectively disposed on both sides of the chain sliding groove, and the chain sliding groove Forming a sliding groove combination;
  • the chain sliding groove is surrounded by a chain;
  • the first chain connecting piece and the second chain connecting piece of the chain have a circular hole on both sides of the lower part, and the two ends of the second roller are respectively inserted into the first chain connection a plurality of sets of identical structures forming a chain in a circular hole of the second chain connecting member;
  • a cable brake base is fixed on each of the chain chains, and a sliding slot is arranged on both sides of the rear part of the cable brake base, and a spring is arranged in the sliding slot, and the opening of the sliding slot end is not closed;
  • the cable brake sliding is installed above the cable brake base And a cable brake pushing member;
  • the front end of the cable brake sliding member is provided with a sliding block capable of moving in the sliding groove on both sides of the cable brake base, and a fixing rod is arranged in the middle of the cable brake sliding member, and the cable brake connecting member is rotatably Mounted on the fixed rod;
  • the rear end of the cable brake pushing member is provided with a sliding block which can move in the sliding slot, and the front end of the cable brake connecting member bears against the rear end of the cable brake pushing member, and the belt is provided with a plurality of lifting rings
  • a loop cable is placed between the cable brake pusher and the cable brake base.
  • the cable retracting device is provided with a movable motor, a plurality of cable reels and a spare cable reel, and the moving motor can be docked with any of the cable reels.
  • the hoisting cable lifesaving device for high-rise building escape wherein the control rope is connected to the control room of the upper floor of the high-rise building through the outer wall of the high-rise building or the elevator passage;
  • the hoisting cable lifesaving device for high-rise building escape wherein the two ends of the cable with the hoisting ring have closed loop buckles, and the two connecting cables with the hoisting rings are respectively connected by one connecting rope to increase the length of the hoisting loop cable.
  • the loop cable lifesaving device for high-rise building escape wherein the slack portion of the loop cable is passed through the cable passage.
  • the hoisting cable life-saving device for high-rise building escape wherein the front end of the cable brake base is provided with protruding rollers; the end of the cable brake sliding member is provided with a protruding roller.
  • the hoisting cable life-saving device for high-rise building escape wherein a groove is arranged above the base of the cable brake, and a sliding groove is arranged on both sides of the rear of the groove, and the cable with the hoisting ring is placed on the cable brake Between the pusher and the groove of the cable brake base.
  • the loop cable lifesaving device for high-rise building escape wherein a groove is provided in the middle of the rear end of the cable brake pushing member, and a front end of the cable brake connecting member bears against a groove in the middle of the rear end of the cable brake pushing member.
  • control rope is released from the control room, the first spring is retracted by driving the control rope, and the control rod is withdrawn from the circular hole of the second control rope bracket, so that the lanyard is detached from the control rod, and the heavy object is taken down with the replacement rope. Slide down to the ground while rotating the boom and sliding plate out of the wall.
  • the cable with the lifting ring is installed between the cable brake pushing member in the chain transmission and the groove of the front half of the cable brake base; when the cable brake pushing member is not subjected to force, the two segments are connected by the connecting rope with a lifting ring
  • the cable passes straight through the base of the cable brake; when the cable brake pusher is stressed, the cable with the sling is squeezed into the groove of the front half of the cable brake base and cannot move; the cable brake in the chain drive is driven by the motor, Pull the cable with the hoisting ring upwards.
  • the firefighter and life-saving equipment on the hoisting cable are lifted to the high-rise building, and the hoisting cable running down on the other side will rescue the trapped person to the ground.
  • the structure of the invention is simple. When a high-rise fire occurs, as long as the security at the bottom of the building passes the control rope from the roof escape platform and the track life-saving device, the replacement rope for hanging heavy objects is placed, and all other fire-fighting and rescue work is handed over to the professional Firefighters come to do it.
  • 1 is a schematic view of the frame of the roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are partially enlarged schematic views of the frame of the roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • 3A and 3B are schematic views of the replacement of the cord in the roof escape platform of the present invention after being inserted into the reel and retracted.
  • 4A and 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E are exploded perspective views of the chute in the roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5A and 5B are schematic views of the assembled left and right aperture chutes in the roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6A is a sliding plate in the roof escape platform of the present invention
  • Fig. 6B is a schematic view of the sliding plate after being loaded into the chute.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of the installation of a chute into which a sliding plate is mounted in a roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the installation of a door frame and a drawstring on a sliding plate in the roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the roof escape platform of the present invention coupled to a control device.
  • Fig. 10A is a schematic view showing that the weight of the replacement rope is blocked in the roof escape platform of the present invention
  • Fig. 10B is a schematic view showing the weight of the replacement rope in the roof escape platform of the present invention being slid.
  • Fig. 11A is a schematic view showing that the lanyard is not caught by the control rod in the roof escape platform of the present invention
  • Fig. 11B is a schematic view showing the lanyard being caught by the control rod in the roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the control device in the roof escape platform of the present invention.
  • FIG 13 is a schematic view of the roof escape platform of the present invention, after the control rope is released, the heavy object drives the replacement rope to slide to the ground and the roof escape platform to prepare for lifesaving.
  • Fig. 14A is a schematic view of the cable with a loop of the present invention
  • Fig. 14B is a schematic view of the connecting cord of the present invention
  • Fig. 14C is a schematic view of the connecting of the two looped cable of the present invention to the connecting cord.
  • FIG. 15A1 and 15A2 are exploded perspective views of the outer wall rail and the pulley of the present invention
  • Fig. 15B is a schematic view showing the combination of the outer wall rail and the pulley of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the installation of the track lifesaving device of the present invention on the outer wall of the building.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view of the frame of the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18A1, 18A2, and 18A3 are exploded views of the components of the chute in the ground rescue apparatus of the present invention, and Fig. 18B is a schematic view after assembly.
  • FIG. 19A1, 19A2, and 19A3 are exploded views of the redundant cable guiding device of the ground rescue device of the present invention
  • Fig. 19B is a schematic view of the redundant cable guiding device assembled in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view of a rescue cable retracting device in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a view showing the mounting of an electric motor, a chain support base, and a gear in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22A1, 22A2, and 22A3 are components of a chain sliding groove in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22B is a schematic view showing the assembly of the chain sliding groove in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the installation of a chain sliding groove on a chain support in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view of the base of the cable brake in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • 25A1, 25A2 are respectively schematic views of different angles of a cable brake slider in the ground rescue device of the present invention
  • 25A3 is a schematic view of a cable brake connector in the ground rescue device of the present invention
  • 25A is a cable brake slider and a cable brake connector Illustrated after installation and connection
  • 25B1, 25B2 are schematic views of different angles of the cable brake pusher in the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 26A is a schematic view of the assembled cable brake in the ground rescue device of the present invention, showing the state in which the cable brake pusher is not stressed
  • Figure 26B is a schematic view of the assembled cable brake in the ground rescue device of the present invention, showing the cable brake top The state in which the pusher is pushed forward.
  • Figure 27A is an exploded perspective view showing the first chain connecting member, the second chain connecting member and the second roller in the ground rescue device of the present invention, wherein A1 is a schematic view of the first chain connecting member, and A2 is a schematic view of the second chain connecting member. A3 is a schematic view of the second roller; Fig. 27B is a schematic view after being assembled into a chain.
  • Figure 28 is a schematic illustration of the operation of the chain on the gear in the ground rescue apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 29 is a schematic illustration of the operation of the chain in the chain glide tank of the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic illustration of the ground rescue device of the present invention with the cable brake mounted on the chain and running on the gear.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic illustration of the ground rescue apparatus of the present invention in which a cable brake is mounted on a chain and operates in a chain glide.
  • Figure 32A is a schematic view showing the application of a braking force to a life-saving cable by a cable brake operating with a chain in the ground rescue device of the present invention
  • Figure 32B is a schematic view showing a plurality of bendings in which the cable is squeezed.
  • Figure 33 is a schematic illustration of the installation of a chain drive system in a ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic view showing the complete installation of the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • Figure 35 is a schematic illustration of the replacement cord of the present invention which is lowered from the roof to the ground to lift the cable with the loop.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic view showing the completion of the circulation loop connection of the loop cable of the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a schematic illustration of the ground rescue device of the present invention and the roof escape platform connected by a cable with a loop.
  • the hoisting cable life-saving device of the present invention mainly consists of an escape platform, a track life-saving device and a control device installed on the roof of a high-rise building.
  • the invention consists of a roof escape platform, a track life-saving device, a control device and a ground rescue device, and the roof escape platform, the track life-saving device and the control device are installed by a local high-rise building, and the ground rescue device
  • the installation is installed by a local fire department on a special fire-fighting vehicle. According to the actual situation of the local high-rise building, the area is equipped with an appropriate number. When a fire occurs, multiple fire-fighting vehicles equipped with ground rescue devices are on the scene to rescue the disaster. The need for a small probability event can also save social resources to the maximum extent;
  • the principle of the invention is simple, and a plurality of roof escape platforms and track life-saving devices can be connected in series on the same control rope connected to the security room of the building, and a life-saving device capable of lowering the replacement rope to the ground on the roof can be used as a high-rise building. Promoted by mandatory standards;
  • the roof escape platform of the invention has simple structure, can be installed in a fixed position according to the actual situation of the building, can also be installed on a slidable track, and can be moved to the floor windows of different positions by the movement of the escape platform on the track through the roof. Extinguishing and saving people;
  • the track life-saving device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high strength, large bearing capacity and flexible movement.
  • the firefighter and the high-pressure water gun need to be lifted to a height of several hundred meters, the water in the firefighter, the fire water pipe and the fire water pipe is added. Together with a huge weight, the track life-saving device can withstand this weight pressure;
  • the roof escape platform of the invention suspends the replacement rope of the heavy object under the vertical position, and also automatically extends the sliding plate for escape to the outer wall, which can reduce the fear of the escaper;
  • the roof escape platform of the invention is mainly installed on the inner side of the roof wall, and does not change the appearance and structure of the building, and the new building and the completed building can be conveniently installed;
  • the implementation method of the invention is flexible, and the high-rise building can choose one of the roof escape platform and the track life-saving device according to the actual situation, or can be installed in two ways, which facilitates the transformation and promotion of a large number of old buildings.
  • the ground rescue device of the present invention is provided by a special vehicle to provide electric drive motor operation, and is not affected by the power failure of a high-rise building that has a fire;
  • the ground life-saving device of the invention is provided with a plurality of life-saving cable reels, and cables with different lengths are provided, and cables of suitable length can be combined according to the height of the building, and fire-fighting and relief work can be carried out for high-rise buildings of all heights in the local area;
  • the loop cable with the present invention is provided with a plurality of lifting loops, which can be conveniently retracted in the life-saving cable reel.
  • the escaper can step on one loop and grab another loop to safely descend with the cable to the bottom of the building.
  • the small person and the injured person can use the belt or the safety rope to increase the safety factor on the lifting ring, and the looped cable with the reciprocating operation can quickly provide a safe escape opportunity for multiple escapers;
  • the strap cable of the invention can lift the firefighter to the roof escape platform, and the ground rescue equipment The operator establishes communication, directs the escaper to escape in an orderly manner, and avoids chaos; the cable with a loop of the invention can fix the fire water gun on the cable, pull the fireman and the fire hose up to a high place, and extinguish the fire near the fire window. Completely solve the problem of limited water spray height of existing high-pressure fire water trucks;
  • the length of the cable with the hoisting ring can be lengthened appropriately, and the vehicle carrying the ground rescue device can be pulled at a distance to make the cable and the building connected to the roof hook Forming an angle, the firefighter takes the water gun up to the height with the cable, and the firefighter extinguishes the fire with a sufficient distance from the flame;
  • the present invention proposes a new, safe and efficient system for fire suppression and relief of high-rise buildings for use by fire departments and building managers.
  • the present invention utilizes a replacement cord 14 that is lowered from the roof to the ground, pulls the belt loop cable 39 to the top of the building and passes the hook back to the ground, and squeezes the loop cable with a cable brake on the chain to cause multiple bends.
  • the cable with the loop can be operated up and down under the heavy weight. It can not only fire the firefighters and water guns to the high places, but also safely return the people trapped in the high places to the ground.
  • the invention fills the gap in the current high-rise fire-fighting field in the world and at the same time takes into consideration the effective means for high-rise fire-fighting and high-rise life-saving.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: when a fire occurs, the security guard of the building releases the control rope on the ground floor, and the replacement rope is suspended from the roof to the ground and hung on the hook, and the cable with the lifting ring is pulled to the top of the building and passed through the crane. Hook back to the ground, using the cable brake on the chain to squeeze the cable with a loop and appear to be able to withstand a large amount of weight. Pull the firefighter and water gun up to a high place to fire through the cable with the loop cable, and pass the cable with the loop cable. Downwardly, the safely and efficiently fire-fighting and rescue function is realized by means of safely returning trapped people to the ground.
  • the invention utilizes the characteristic that the cable can not bear freely when the cable is bent and bent, so as to bear the weight, and the cable brake installed on the chain is designed.
  • the cable brake drives the cable through the straight plate and the curved plate, the cable is applied. Huge pressing force, multiple bends on the cable, so that the cable can withstand huge weight.
  • a lifting ring on the cable, a cable with a lifting loop is designed, and the chain cable is connected to the roof hook by the chain transmission system, and then the circulation is up and down, and the fireman and the water gun can be pulled to a high place to extinguish the fire and the high place. The firefighting and rescue function of the trapped person is safely sent back to the ground.
  • the roof escape platform frame is erected on the roof near the wall, and the escape platform frame is mainly composed of a vertical column 1, a front beam 2, a rear beam 3, a bottom plate 4, a first ladder 5, a reel 6, and a rotation.
  • the boom 7 is constructed.
  • the horizontal position of the bottom plate 4 is higher than the card slot bracket 30 and the inclined sliding slot 29 which are mounted on the wall.
  • the first ladder 5 is mounted on one side of the frame (the right side is shown) and the upper portion is connected to the bottom plate 4.
  • the reel 6 is horizontally disposed on the two vertical columns 1 on the rear side of the frame, below the bottom plate 4, and has a handle at the end of the reel 6 , and the handle is moved to rotate the reel 6 .
  • the front cross member 2 is placed above the front pillar 1 of the frame, and the rear cross member 3 is placed above the rear pillar 1 of the frame.
  • the rotary boom 7 is erected on the rear cross member 3 via a bearing 10, and the rotary boom 7 is rotatable about the cross member 3.
  • the lower side of the front end of the rotary boom 7 has a hook 8, and the lower end of the rotary boom 7 has a first hook 9 on the lower side.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the life-saving device frame
  • FIG. 2A is a lower side of the front end of the rotating boom 7 with a hook 8 and a bearing 10, wherein the hook 8 is suspended by a short rope under the front end of the rotating boom 7
  • the inside of the hook 8 has a rotatable roller
  • Fig. 2B shows the front cross member 2 with two hollow sleeves 11.
  • the reel 6 has a handle at its end, and a second through hole 13 is formed on the intermediate shaft.
  • the end of the replacement cord 14 is folded in half and then snapped into the second through hole 13 of the reel 6 (as shown in FIG. 3A), and the handle is rotated to rotate the reel 6
  • the replacement cord 14 will be wound on the reel 6 (as shown in Figure 3B).
  • the replacement cord 14 wound around the reel 6 is pulled outwardly, and the reel 6 is rotated in the opposite direction until the folded portion replacing cord 14 is pulled out in the second perforation 13 of the reel 6.
  • the left-side hole chute 15 has a first sliding slot 151 in the upper part, and the lower part has a lower sliding slot 151 a plurality of first circular holes 152, a second sliding slot 161 in the upper portion of the right aperture sliding slot 16, a plurality of second circular holes 162 in the lower portion, and a plurality of third circular holes 191 on the roller assembly 19 and the first circle
  • the holes 152 and the second circular holes 162 are correspondingly aligned.
  • the left perforated chute 15, the right perforated chute 16, the first roller 17, the weldment 18, and the roller set 19 are assembled into two left and right symmetrical chutes.
  • the top of the first roller 17 in the chute is higher above the weldment 18 and the roller set 19 and is rotatable.
  • the assembled two chutes are shown in Figures 5A and 5B, showing the structure of the assembled chute from two angles.
  • a second hook 21 is provided in the middle of the rear side of the slide plate 20, and screw ends are provided at both ends to match the nut 22.
  • the sliding plate 20 is installed in the two sliding slots, and the nut 22 is inserted through the first sliding slot 151 and the second sliding slot 161 in the screw openings at the two ends of the sliding plate 20, so that the sliding plate 20 can only slide within the range of the chute.
  • the sliding groove loaded into the sliding plate 20 is mounted on the bottom plate 4 in the frame, and the welding member 18 and the roller assembly 19 are spaced apart from each other between the sliding plate 20 and the bottom plate 4, and the first rope is simultaneously
  • One end of 23 is connected with the second hook 21 on the sliding plate 20, and the other end of the first rope 23 passes through between the bottom plate 4 and the sliding plate 20, and then passes through the first through hole 12 from the left side of the bottom plate 4, the first rope
  • the other end passes through the lower side of the bottom plate 4 and above the reel 6, and is connected to the first hook 9 on the lower rear side of the rotating boom 7.
  • a door frame 24 is mounted on the front side of the sliding plate 20, and sliding bars 25 are mounted on both ends of the top of the door frame 24, and the two sliding bars 25 are respectively separated from the front beam 2 by two hollow sleeves 11 Through the middle, the ends of the two sliding rods 25 are closed by another rod connection, ensuring that the sliding rod 25 cannot be completely withdrawn from the sleeve 11.
  • a second rope 26 is respectively disposed at two ends of the front side of the sliding plate 20, and the other end of the second rope 26 is disposed above the two vertical columns 1 on the front side of the frame. When the sliding plate 20 slides out of the frame, the second rope 26 is pulled. Straight, make sure the sliding plate 20 is secure.
  • a control device is installed between the roof wall and the frame, the card slot bracket 30 is mounted above the roof wall 32 facing the frame, and the inclined chute 29 is mounted on the card slot bracket 30.
  • the roller bar 28 is mounted on two brackets extending outwardly from the card slot bracket 30, and the roller bar 28 is provided with a lanyard 31 having a ring at the end.
  • the first control rope bracket 33 and the second control rope bracket 34 are installed on the ground between the roof wall 32 and the frame, and the bottom floor control hook 35 is installed in the security room of the floor building, the first spring 36-end and one of the first springs
  • the first control rope bracket 33 is connected, and the other end is connected to the control rope 37.
  • the control rope 37 sequentially passes through the top round hole of the other first control rope bracket 33 to reach the building security room, and the control lever 38 mounted on the control rope 37 is confirmed.
  • the control rod 38 covers the end ring of the lanyard 31, and the end ring of the control rope 37 is hung on the bottom floor control hook 35, and the first spring 36 is in a stretched state.
  • the roller bar 28 is pulled up by the lanyard 31, and one end of the replacement rope 14 passes through the hook 8, and both ends thereof are simultaneously dropped to the ground, and the two end hooks of the replacement rope 14 are hung on the weight 27.
  • the ring is interlocked, and the replacement rope 14 on the hook 8 is pulled, folded into the second through hole 13 of the reel 6, and the rotating reel 6 is used to take up the replacement cord 14, and the weight 27 is pulled up to the top of the building.
  • the weight 27 is placed in the inclined chute 29, and the weight 27 is blocked by the upright roller bar 28 from being able to slip.
  • the weight 27 connecting the replacement cord 14 is blocked by the roller bar 28 in the inclined chute 29.
  • Fig. 10B with the roller bar 28 lowered, it is inclined downward in parallel with the inclined chute 29, and the weight 27 slides down along the roll axis on the roller bar 28, dragging the replacement cord 14 to slide toward The ground, with the end of the roller bar 28 has a certain distance from the roof wall 32, which can avoid the heavy object 27 from rubbing against the outer wall of the building when it slides down.
  • the control rope 37 is provided with a control rod 38.
  • the second control rope support 34 has two brackets having a round hole at the top end. The circular hole is parallel with the control rod 38, and the control rope 37 is pulled to make the control rod 38 pass. Through the circular hole in the second control rope bracket 34, the end ring of the lanyard 31 is sleeved between the two brackets of the second control rope bracket 34.
  • FIG. 12 it is a partially enlarged view of the control device.
  • the belt loop cable 39 is provided with a lifting ring 391 and a closed loop buckle at both ends; the connecting rope 40 is a short rope with hooks at both ends.
  • the two ends of the connecting rope 40 are respectively interlocked with the two looped cable 39, so that the different looped cables 39 can be connected to increase the length of the cable.
  • the outer wall rail 41 is an inverted U-shaped shape, and the outer side is an inverted T-shaped rail.
  • the pulleys 42 are fixed side by side on the bracket, and the pulley 42 can be hung on the outer wall rail 41 to slide.
  • the track life-saving device is installed, and the outer wall rail 41 provided with the pulley 42 is installed on the solid wall surface of the building below the outer wall of the building, and the lower portion of the pulley 42 is connected with the hook 8 and the end of the replacement rope 14 passes through.
  • the hook 8 is connected at both ends of the replacement rope 14 to the weight 27, and the remaining portion of the replacement rope 14 is wound on the reel 6 supported by the bracket alone, the end 31 of the lanyard is connected to the weight 27, and the control rod 38 is controlled by the rope 37.
  • the control rope 37 is retracted, the lanyard 31 The end ring is detached, the weight 27 will drive the replacement rope 14 to hang down, and the replacement cord 14 is pulled to hang on the hook 8.
  • the ground rescue device frame is mainly composed of a support frame 101, an operation platform 102, a life-saving platform 103, and a second ladder 104.
  • the operation platform 102 is located in the middle of the frame, and the cable passage opening 105 is located at the side of the operation platform 102.
  • Two rolling rods 106 are mounted on both sides of the cable passage opening 105.
  • the perforated chute 201, the first roller 17, the welding member 18, and the roller sleeve 19 constitute a chute, and the perforated chute 201 has a plurality of rows of small holes, and the lowermost row of small holes Corresponding to the small hole in the roller sleeve 19, the upper portion of the perforated chute 201 is bent downward.
  • the small holes in the perforated slide plate 202 have a one-to-one correspondence with the perforated chute 201, and the nut 22 is mounted on the perforated slide plate 202 with perforations.
  • the skateboard 202 can slide within the range of the chute.
  • the insertion guide wheel 203 is a roller that rotates about a thin shaft. When the perforated slide plate 202 is pulled out from the chute, the insertion guide wheel 203 is inserted into the small hole, and the perforated slide plate 202 and the perforated chute 201 can be fixed.
  • the life-saving cable retracting device is composed of a square frame 301, a first motor 302, a slidable bracket 303, a life-saving cable reel 304, a backup reel 305, a sliding beam 306, and a support beam 307, and a slidable bracket
  • the lower portion of the 303 has wheels that straddle the two sliding beams 306.
  • the first motor 302 is mounted on the sliding bracket 303 to push the first motor 302 to move over the sliding beam 306 to interface with the respective ring cylinders.
  • a plurality of life-saving cable reels 304 and a backup reel 305 are mounted on the support beam 307 and the square frame 301 to push the handle of the life-saving cable reel 304 and the backup reel 305 on the square frame 301 to enable the life-saving cable
  • the end shafts of the reel 304 and the backup reel 305 are in contact with the drive shaft of the first motor 302, and the motor will drive the reel to recover the rotation.
  • the cable is pulled outward and the end shaft of the reel is separated from the drive shaft.
  • the chain drive system is mainly composed of a second motor 401, a first gear 402, a second motor bracket 403, a chain support base 404, a second gear 405, and a third gear 406, and the second motor 401 is mounted on On the second motor bracket 403, the second motor 401 is provided with a first gear 402 at the end of the drive shaft, and two chain support seats 404 are erected on both sides of the cable passage opening 105 on the operating platform 102, and the two chain support seats 404 are axially connected at the lower portion.
  • the third gear 406 is disposed in the middle of the shaft, the other shaft is connected from the upper portion of the inner chain support seat 404 to the outer chain support seat 404, and the other third gear 406 is disposed on the upper portion of the two chain support seats 404.
  • the second gear 405 is mounted at the end of the shaft passing through the inner chain support base 404, the second gear 405 and the first gear 402 are engaged with each other, and when the second motor 401 is actuated, the second gear 405 and the coaxial The third gear 406 rotates.
  • the middle portion of the curved plate 407 is straight, and both ends are bent toward the same side.
  • the two curved plates 407 are mounted in the small grooves on the same side of the chain sliding groove 409, and the two straight plates 408 are mounted on the chain.
  • a sliding groove combination is formed in the small groove on the other side of the sliding groove 409.
  • the combination of the sliding grooves shown in Fig. 22 is disposed between the two chain support seats 404 in the chain drive system shown in Fig. 21.
  • the front end of the front end of the cable brake base 410 is provided with a protruding roller, and the upper middle portion is divided into two parts, the front half has a groove, and the rear half has a sliding groove on both sides of the middle groove, the chute The middle part is provided with a spring, and the opening of the chute end is not closed.
  • the cable brake slider 411 is provided with a protruding roller at the triangular end, a sliding block which can move in the sliding groove on both sides of the front end, a fixing rod is arranged in the middle, and the cable brake connecting member 412 is mounted on the fixing rod.
  • the rear end of the cable brake pushing member 413 has a sliding block movable in the sliding groove, and the rear intermediate groove portion can engage the front end of the cable brake connecting member 412, and the front end of the cable brake pushing member 413 can be Push into the groove at the front end of the cable brake base 410.
  • the cable brake pushing member 413 is loaded into the rear half of the cable brake base 410, the spring is pressed against the inside of the chute, and the cable brake slider of the cable brake pushing member 413 is installed. 411 is loaded into the chute, and then the end of the chute is closed to complete the cable. Rope brake installation. When the roller on the cable brake slider 411 is squeezed, the cable brake connector 412 will push the front end of the cable brake pusher 413 into the front end groove of the cable brake base 410, when the cable brake connector 412 is erected, the cable brake top Pusher 413 cannot be pushed hard. As shown in Fig.
  • the first chain connecting member 414 is bilaterally symmetrical with the second chain connecting member 415, and has circular holes on both sides of the lower portion, and the width of the top curved plane coincides with the width of the cable brake base 410, and the plurality of sets of first chain connecting members 414,
  • the second chain link 415 and the second roller 416 may be mounted as a chain (as shown in Fig. 27B).
  • the third gear 406 pushes the chain of the first chain link 414, the second chain link 415, and the second roller 416 to operate.
  • a chain consisting of the first chain link 414, the second chain link 415, and the second roller 416 runs in the chain slide groove 409, and the second roller 416 slides in the chain while the chain is running.
  • the rolling in the groove 409 makes the chain run smoothly, and the top bending plane of the first chain connecting member 414 and the second chain connecting member 415 is higher than the both ends of the groove of the chain sliding groove 409.
  • FIG. 31 a schematic diagram of the cable brake being mounted on the chain and running in the chain sliding groove 409.
  • the curved plate 407 and the straight plate 408 are loaded into the small grooves of the chain sliding groove 409, the chain of the cable brake is mounted on the chain sliding groove 409, and the cable with the lifting ring 39 is located in the middle of the cable brake, the cable brake Before the chain runs to the curved plate 407 and the straight plate 408, the belt loop cable 39 is not pressed by the external force, and is in a straight state.
  • the cable brake is between the curved plate 407 and the straight plate 408, the two rollers on both sides of the front end are received by the straight plate 408.
  • the other end of the cable brake slider 411 is pressed by the curved plate 407, and the push cable brake pusher 413 is slowly pushed into the cable brake base 410 against the belt loop cable 39.
  • the pressing force with the lifting cable 39 reaches the highest value, and when the plurality of cable brakes enter the curved portion of the curved plate 407 with the chain, the ring is provided.
  • the plurality of sections of the cable 39 are continuously squeezed and cannot move, and a large pulling force can be generated on the belt loop cable 39.
  • the chain of the cable brake is mounted on the two third gears 406 as shown in Fig. 23 to form a complete chain transmission system.
  • the installation method is that the cable brake is not installed in some chains of the two side sliding grooves 409, and the remaining part of the chain is equipped with a cable brake, and the second motor 401 is turned on to rotate slowly, and is squeezed through the cable brake on the chain of the sliding groove 409. Between the curved plate 407 and the straight plate 408, the chain without the cable brake is run to the third gear 406, and then the cable brake is mounted on the chain, so that as the chain runs, all passes through the chain passing through the sliding groove 409. The cable brakes are all pressed by the curved plate 407 and the straight plate 408.
  • the sliding groove shown in FIG. 19B is installed in the lower portion of the frame as shown in FIG. 17, and the life-saving cable retracting device shown in FIG. 20 is installed in the upper frame of the sliding groove, as shown in FIG.
  • the illustrated chain drive system is mounted on the frame central operating platform 102 to complete the ground rescue device of the present invention.
  • one end of the replacement cord 14 is connected to the spare reel 305, and the other end is connected to the belt loop cable 39.
  • the spare reel 305 is rotated to take up the replacement cord 14, and the loop cable 39 is pulled up.
  • a plurality of belt loop cables 39 connected by a connecting rope 40 pass through the roof hook 8 and return to the ground, and are connected end to end to form a cycle.
  • the cable with the hoisting cable 39 is placed under the control of the chain drive system, and the second motor 401 is turned on to drive the cable with the hoist ring 39 to circulate up and down in the direction indicated by the arrow.
  • the ground rescue device and the roof escape platform are connected by a cable with a lifting ring, and the second motor 401 drives the cable 39 with the lifting ring around the roof to perform the up and down cycle operation, and the roof escape board stands on the sliding plate 20 , fleeing to the rescue platform 103 by the cable 39 with a loop Health.
  • the ground rescue device is installed on the special vehicle by the local fire department, and the vehicle is the electric motor 1
  • the cable with the suspension ring 39 is wound on the plurality of life-saving cable reels 304 at intervals of 600 meters, 500 meters, 400 meters, 300 meters, 200 meters and 100 meters, and 50 meters and 30 meters are prepared.
  • Each of the 20-meter and 10-meter-loop cable 39 has a plurality of connecting ropes 40 and inserting guide wheels 203.
  • the roof escape platform and the track life-saving device are installed on the high-rise building.
  • the drill is often checked to ensure that the end ring of the control rope 37 is removed from the bottom floor control hook 35, and the weight 27 can pull the replacement rope 14 to the ground.
  • the end of the replacement rope 14 has a length mark, which is convenient for firefighters to quickly confirm the height of the building.
  • the security personnel of the building should report to the fire department at the first time, notify the fire department to send a fire truck to extinguish the fire, and then remove the end ring of the control rope 37 from the bottom floor control hook 35 to release all the weights. Pull the replacement rope 14 down to the ground to complete the preparations before the fire.
  • the firefighter confirms the required length of the combined loop cable 39 according to the height of the building identified by the replacement cord 14, and passes one end of the replacement cord 14 downward from the inside of the cable passage 105 to connect with the spare reel 305.
  • a belt loop cable 39 on one of the life-saving cable reels 304 is passed upwardly between the two rolling rods 106 of the cable passage opening 105, connected to the other end of the replacement cord 14, and the motor 1 (302) is placed on the sliding beam.
  • the upper movement of the 306 is docked with the backup reel 305, and the electric motor 1 (302) is turned on to drive the spare reel 305 to rotate.
  • the overhead lifting hook 8 is used as a fulcrum, and the lifting ring cable is used as a fulcrum. 39 pulled up.
  • a firefighter can be sent to the on-site escape platform with the ring cable 39, and the roof escape platform installed on the track can be moved to the desired position.
  • connection part of the two-stage cable may use hard steel material and cannot be squeezed by the cable brake, as shown in Figure 26, when the connecting part of the two-stage cable enters the curved plate 407 and the straight plate 408 with the chain.
  • the motor 2 (401) should be suspended, and the cable brake connector 412 on the cable brake corresponding to the connecting portion of the two cables is erected.
  • the belt loop cable 39 is pulled outward to move downward with the chain, so that the belt loop cable 39 on the other side will also be completely disengaged from the cable brake, and the motor 2 (401) will be stopped.
  • the motor 1 (302) is moved into engagement with the life-saving cable reel 304 and turned on to begin recovery of the belt loop cable 39 to the life-saving cable reel 304.
  • the end of the belt loop cable 39 is moved to the side of the backup reel 305, the rotation of the motor 1 (302) is stopped, and the replacement cord 14 on the backup reel 305 is connected to the end of the belt loop cable 39 to turn the motor 1 (302) to rotate.
  • the lift-up cord 14 is moved upward.
  • Some high-rise buildings and high-towers are specially designed. When the heavy object 27 pulls the replacement rope 14 to land on the ground, the heavy object 27 may hit the outer wall of the building.
  • the solution is to install a small slide rail on the outer wall. The rails slide down.

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Abstract

一种用于高层建筑灭火及逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置,由楼顶逃生平台、外墙轨道救生装置、控制装置、地面救生装置构成,楼顶逃生平台、外墙轨道救生装置、控制装置由当地高楼安装,地面救生装置由当地消防部门装设在专用消防车辆上,根据当地高楼的实际情况划分区域配备适当数量,火灾发生时多辆装设地面救生装置的消防车辆到现场救灾,这样既可以满足高楼灭火救灾这种小概率事件的需要,也可以最大限度的节约社会资源。还公开了上述救生装置的使用方法。

Description

一种用于高楼火灾逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置和使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于高楼火灾逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置。本发明还涉 及一种上述救生装置的使用方法。 背景技术
本世纪以来, 发生了两场震惊世界的高楼大火灾, 即 2001年 9.11惨 案中的纽约世贸大楼火灾和 2009年的中央电视台配楼大火灾, 两场大火 灾都没有能够及时扑灭, 造成了巨大损失。 纽约世贸大楼火灾从两座大楼 被飞机撞击引起大火到大楼坍塌, 有超过一个小时以上的宝贵时间, 但却 没有任何有效的消防救生设备可供使用, 大楼着火楼层以上数千人无法逃 生。 中央电视台配楼火灾, 数十辆消防车及时赶到到现成, 却因水枪喷水 高度有限, 无法控制高处火势, 最后大火蔓延烧毁整座大楼。 这两起典型 的高楼大火灾使人们体会到, 楼房越高灭火越难、 逃生越难。 目前, 尚未 有能兼顾高楼灭火与救生的消防设施在普遍推广使用。 众多关于高楼灭 火、 救生的专利技术无法推广使用, 因为这些技术均具有如下一样或几样 缺点:
1 ) 有的技术成本太高而无法推广, 高楼火灾实际上是一种小概率事 件, 过大的消防设施成本必然不受欢迎;
2) 有的技术只能灭火或只能救生, 实用性不强;
3) 有的技术要在高楼外墙装设额外设备, 影响大楼整体外观;
4) 有的技术要使用大楼里的水、 电资源, 但某些火灾严重情况下, 大楼将停水、 断电;
5 ) 有的技术忽视了消防人员的作用, 实际上在着火现场容易发生混 乱, 只有专业的消防人员才能指挥和实施现场灭火、 逃生工作。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种用于高楼火灾灭火及逃生的吊环缆绳救 生装置。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种使用上述救生装置的方法。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供的用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装 置, 主要由设置在高层建筑的顶部的控制系统和设置在地面的救生系统组 成;
其中控制系统构成为:
控制系统中设有一控制绳, 该控制绳的一端通过一拉簧固定在第一控 制绳支架上, 控制绳的另一端与第二控制绳支架连接后垂落至高层建筑的 控制室内; 控制绳上装设有控制杆, 该控制杆与第二控制绳支架上的圆孔 平行, 控制杆穿过第二控制绳支架上的圆孔, 将一挂绳的末端套在第二控 制绳支架的两根支架中间, 该挂绳的另一端连接一重物;
控制系统中设有一替换绳, 该替换绳缠绕在卷筒上, 替换绳的一端连 接一重物;
控制系统中设有一外墙轨道, 安装在高层建筑外墙上, 控制系统中设 有一外墙轨道, 安装在高层建筑外墙上, 轨道上装有滑轮, 滑轮下方连接 一吊勾, 替换绳一端穿过吊勾与重物连接;
控制系统中设有一楼顶逃生平台, 安装在高层建筑楼顶的围墙内, 逃 生平台上装有旋转吊臂和滑动板, 旋转吊臂末端连接一吊勾, 替换绳一端 穿过吊勾与重物连接, 旋转吊臂另一端通过绳索与滑动板连接;
控制系统中的控制绳由拉簧拉回第一控制绳支架时, 挂绳从控制杆上 脱落, 重物将带动替换绳垂落, 拉动替换绳悬挂在吊勾上; 重物和替换绳 拉动旋转吊臂伸出围墙外, 旋转吊臂另一端上抬通过绳索拉动滑动板伸出 围墙外;
地面救生系统构成为:
地面救生系统主要由固定在操作平台上链条传动装置、 带吊环缆绳、 缆绳收放装置构成, 该链条传动装置中的第二电动机安装在第二电动机支 架上, 第二电动机传动轴末端设有第一齿轮; 两个链条支撑座设在在操作 平台上的缆绳穿行口两边, 两个链条支撑座之间的上部和下部各设有一第 三齿轮, 两个第三齿轮之间安装有链条滑行槽, 链条滑行槽上部的第三齿 轮轴穿过链条支撑座通过第二齿轮与第一齿轮相互啮合, 第二电动机转动 通过第二齿轮带动上部的第三齿轮转动;
两个链条支撑座的其中一个的两侧分别安装有弯曲板, 两个链条支撑 座的另一个的两侧分别安装有直板, 弯曲板和直板分别设在链条滑行槽两 侧, 与链条滑行槽组成滑行槽组合; 链条滑行槽上环绕有链条; 该链条中 的第一链条连接件与第二链条连接件的下部两侧开有圆孔, 第二滚轴的两 端分别插入第一链条连接件与第二链条连接件的圆孔内, 由多组相同结构 组成链条;
各组链条上方均固定有缆绳制动器底座, 在缆绳制动器底座的后部两 侧各设有滑槽, 滑槽中装设有弹簧, 滑槽末端开口未封闭; 缆绳制动器底 座上方安装有缆绳制动器滑动件和缆绳制动器顶推件; 缆绳制动器滑动件 的前端两侧设有能在缆绳制动器底座两侧滑槽中移动的滑行块, 缆绳制动 器滑动件的中间设有固定杆, 缆绳制动器连接件可以转动地安装在固定杆 上; 缆绳制动器顶推件后端两侧设有能在滑槽中移动的滑行块, 缆绳制动 器连接件的前端顶住缆绳制动器顶推件的后端, 设有若干个吊环的带吊环 缆绳放置在缆绳制动器顶推件与缆绳制动器底座之间。
缆绳收放装置装设有一台可以移动的电动机、 多个缆绳卷筒和一个备 用缆绳卷筒, 移动电动机可与任一缆绳卷筒对接。
所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其中, 控制绳通过高层 建筑的外墙或电梯通道连接进入高层建筑底层的控制室内;
所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其中, 带吊环缆绳的两 端有封闭环扣, 通过一根连接绳分别与两段带吊环缆绳相接以增加带吊环 缆绳的长度。
所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其中, 带吊环缆绳松弛 部分从缆绳穿行口穿出。
所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其中, 缆绳制动器底座 的前端两侧各装设有突出的滚轮; 缆绳制动器滑动件的末端设有突出的滚 轮。
所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其中, 缆绳制动器底座 的上方设有凹槽, 凹槽后部两侧各设有滑槽, 带吊环缆绳放置在缆绳制动 器顶推件与缆绳制动器底座的凹槽之间。
所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其中, 缆绳制动器顶推 件后端中间设有凹槽, 缆绳制动器连接件的前端顶住缆绳制动器顶推件的 后端中间的凹槽。
所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置的使用方法:
将控制绳从控制室松开, 第一弹簧通过带动控制绳回缩, 控制杆从第 二控制绳支架的圆孔中退出, 使挂绳从控制杆上脱落, 重物带着替换绳往 下滑落垂放到地面, 同时旋转吊臂和滑动板伸出围墙外。
将替换绳的一端连接带吊环缆绳, 替换绳另一端与备用卷筒相连, 将 带吊环缆绳向上拉升, 多根带吊环缆绳连接以适合楼房高度, 带吊环缆绳 穿过楼顶吊钩回到地面, 将带吊环缆绳装入链条传动装置中的缆绳制动器 顶推件与缆绳制动器底座的前半部分凹槽之间; 当缆绳制动器顶推件不受 力时, 两段被连接绳连接的带吊环缆绳在缆绳制动器底座中间呈直线通 过; 当缆绳制动器顶推件受力时, 带吊环缆绳挤压进缆绳制动器底座前半 部分凹槽中而无法移动; 通过电动机带动链条传动装置中的缆绳制动器运 行, 拉动带吊环缆绳往上拉升, 此时的带吊环缆绳上携挂消防员和救生设 备上升到高层建筑, 另一侧向下运行的带吊环缆绳将被困人员救回地面。
本发明的结构简单, 在高楼火灾发生时, 只要楼底保安通过控制绳从 楼顶逃生平台和轨道救生装置上垂放下悬挂重物的替换绳, 其他一切灭 火、 救人的工作交给专业的消防人员来做。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的楼顶逃生平台框架示意图。
图 2A和图 2B是本发明的楼顶逃生平台框架局部放大示意图。
图 3A和图 3B是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中替换绳对折插入卷筒后和 被收起的示意图。
图 4A和图 4B、 图 4C、 图 4D、 图 4E是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中滑 槽的零件分解示意图。
图 5A和图 5B是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中组装后的左带孔滑槽和右 带孔滑槽的示意图。 图 6A是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中的滑动板, 图 6B是滑动板装入滑 槽后的示意图。
图 7是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中将装入滑动板的滑槽装设在框架的示 意图。
图 8是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中在滑动板上安装门型框及拉绳的示意 图。
图 9是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中与控制装置连接在一起的示意图。 图 10A 是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中连接替换绳的重物被拦住的示意 图, 图 10B 是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中连接替换绳的重物被滑放的示意 图。
图 11A 是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中挂绳未被控制杆穿过挂住的示意 图, 图 11B是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中挂绳被控制杆穿过挂住的示意图。
图 12是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中控制装置局部放大示意图。
图 13是本发明的楼顶逃生平台中松开控制绳后重物带动替换绳滑落 到地面及楼顶逃生平台做好救生准备的示意图。
图 14A是本发明的带吊环缆绳的示意图, 图 14B本发明的连接绳的 示意图, 图 14C是本发明的两根带吊环缆绳与连接绳连接的示意图。
图 15A1和 15A2是本发明的外墙轨道和滑轮的分解立体示意图, 图 15B是本发明的外墙轨道和滑轮组合后的示意图。
图 16是本发明的轨道救生装置安装在楼顶外墙示意图。
图 17是本发明的地面救生装置框架示意图。
图 18A1、 18A2、 18 A3是本发明的地面救生装置中滑槽的零件分解示 意图, 图 18B是组装后示意图。
图 19A1、 19A2、 19 A3是本发明的地面救生装置中富余缆绳导向装置 的分解示意图,图 19B是本发明的地面救生装置中组装后的富余缆绳导向 装置的示意图。
图 20是本发明的地面救生装置中救生缆绳收放装置示意图。
图 21 是本发明的地面救生装置中电动机、 链条支撑座、 齿轮安装示 意图。
图 22A1、 22A2、 22A3是本发明的地面救生装置中链条滑行槽各部件 的分解示意图,图 22B是本发明的地面救生装置中链条滑行槽组装后的示 意图。
图 23是本发明的地面救生装置中将链条滑行槽安装在链条支撑座上 的示意图。
图 24是本发明的地面救生装置中缆绳制动器底座示意图。
图 25A1、 25A2分别是本发明的地面救生装置中缆绳制动器滑动件的 不同角度的示意图, 25A3 是本发明的地面救生装置中缆绳制动器连接件 的示意图, 25A是缆绳制动器滑动件和缆绳制动器连接件安装连接后的示 意图, 25B1、 25B2 是本发明的地面救生装置中缆绳制动器顶推件的不同 角度的示意图。
图 26A是本发明的地面救生装置中组装好的缆绳制动器示意图,显示 缆绳制动器顶推件没有受力的状态,图 26B是本发明的地面救生装置中组 装好的缆绳制动器示意图, 显示缆绳制动器顶推件受力往前推动的状态。
图 27A是本发明的地面救生装置中第一链条连接件、第二链条连接件 和第二滚轴的零件分解示意图, 其中 A1是第一链条连接件示意图, A2是 第二链条连接件示意图, A3是第二滚轴示意图; 图 27B是组装成链条后 的示意图。
图 28是本发明的地面救生装置中链条在齿轮上运行的示意图。
图 29是本发明的地面救生装置中链条在链条滑行槽中运行的示意图。 图 30是本发明的地面救生装置中将缆绳制动器装设在链条上并在齿 轮上运行的示意图。
图 31 是本发明的地面救生装置中将缆绳制动器装设在链条上并在链 条滑行槽中运行的示意图。
图 32A 是本发明的地面救生装置中随链条运行的缆绳制动器对救生 缆绳施加制动力的示意图, 图 32B是缆绳受挤压出现多个弯折的示意图。
图 33是本发明的地面救生装置中完成链条传动系统装设的示意图。 图 34是本发明的地面救生装置全部安装完毕的示意图。
图 35是本发明的从楼顶垂放到地面的替换绳将带吊环缆绳拉升的示 意图。
图 36是本发明的带吊环缆绳循环循环连接完毕的示意图。 图 37是本发明的地面救生装置与楼顶逃生平台通过带吊环缆绳连接 起来的示意图。
附图中主要组件符号说明:
1竖柱, 2前横梁, 3后横梁, 4底板, 5第一梯子, 6卷筒, 7旋转吊 臂, 8吊勾, 9第一挂钩, 10轴承, 11套筒, 12第一穿孔, 13第二穿孔,
14替换绳, 15左带孔滑槽, 151第一滑槽口, 152第一圆孔, 16右带孔滑 槽, 161第二滑槽口, 162第二圆孔, 17第一滚轴, 18焊接件, 19滚轴套 件, 191第三圆孔, 20滑动板, 21第二挂钩, 22螺母, 23第一绳索, 24 门型框, 25滑动杆, 26第二绳索, 27重物, 28带滚轴挡栏, 29倾斜滑槽,
30卡槽支架, 31挂绳, 32楼顶围墙, 33第一控制绳支架, 34第二控制绳 支架, 35底楼控制挂钩, 36第一弹簧, 37控制绳, 38控制杆, 39带吊环 缆绳, 391吊环, 40连接绳, 41外墙轨道, 42滑轮, 101支撑框架, 102 操作平台, 103救生平台, 104第二梯子, 105缆绳穿行口, 106滚动杆,
201带孔滑槽, 20111第三滑槽口, 20112第四圆孔, 20113第五圆孔, 20114 滑槽挡板, 202带孔滑板, 20211第六圆孔, 203插入式导向轮, 301方型 框架, 302第一电动机, 303可滑动支架, 304救生缆绳卷筒, 305备用卷 筒, 306滑动梁, 307支撑梁, 401第二电动机, 402第一齿轮, 403第二 电动机支架, 404链条支撑座, 405第二齿轮, 406第三齿轮, 407弯曲板,
408直板, 409链条滑行槽, 410缆绳制动器底座, 4101缆绳制动器底座 凹槽, 4102缆绳制动器底座滑槽, 4103缆绳制动器底座弹簧, 411缆绳制 动器滑动件, 4111 缆绳制动器滑动件滑行块, 4112 缆绳制动器滑动件固 定杆, 412缆绳制动器连接件, 413缆绳制动器顶推件, 4131缆绳制动器 顶推件滑行块, 4132缆绳制动器顶推件凹槽, 414第一链条连接件, 415 第二链条连接件, 416第二滚轴。 具体实施方式
本发明的吊环缆绳救生装置主要由安装在高楼楼顶的逃生平台、轨道 救生装置和控制装置组成。
本发明由楼顶逃生平台、 轨道救生装置、 控制装置、 地面救生装置构 成, 楼顶逃生平台、 轨道救生装置、 控制装置由当地高楼安装, 地面救生 装置由当地消防部门装设在专用消防车辆上, 根据当地高楼的实际情况划 分区域配备适当数量, 火灾发生时多辆装设地面救生装置的消防车辆到现 场救灾, 这样既可以满足高楼灭火救灾这种小概率事件的需要, 也可以最 大限度的节约社会资源;
本发明原理简单, 可在同一根连接到楼底保安室的控制绳上串联多个 楼顶逃生平台、 轨道救生装置, 在楼顶安装能将替换绳降到地面的救生装 置可以作为高楼建筑物的强制标准而加以推广;
本发明的楼顶逃生平台结构简单, 可根据大楼实际情况选择安装在固 定位置,也可安装在可滑动的轨道上,通过楼顶逃生平台在轨道上的移动, 可以对不同位置的楼层窗户实施灭火、 救人工作;
本发明的轨道救生装置结构简单、 强度高、 承重量大、 移动灵活, 当 需要将消防员和高压水枪拉升到数百米高处灭时, 消防员、 消防水管、 消 防水管中的水加在一起重量巨大, 轨道救生装置可以承受住这个重量压 力;
本发明的楼顶逃生平台在垂放下悬挂重物的替换绳的同时, 也自动向 外墙伸出了可供逃生的滑动板, 可让逃生者减少恐惧感;
本发明的楼顶逃生平台主要安装在楼顶围墙内侧, 不改变大楼的外观 及结构, 新建大楼及已建成的大楼都可以方便安装;
本发明实施方法灵活, 高楼可以根据实际情况选择安装楼顶逃生平台 和轨道救生装置中的一种, 也可两种都安装, 方便大批旧楼改造推广。
本发明的地面救生装置由专用车辆提供电力驱动电动机运行, 不受发 生火灾的高楼断电影响救灾工作;
本发明的地面救生装置中装设有多个救生缆绳卷筒, 提供不同长度的 带吊环缆绳, 可以根据楼房高度组合出适合长度的缆绳, 对当地所有高度 的高楼都可实施灭火救灾工作;
本发明的带吊环缆绳装设有多个吊环, 可以很方便的卷收在救生缆绳 卷筒中, 救灾过程中, 逃生者可脚踩一个吊环手抓另一个吊环随缆绳安全 下降到楼底, 胆小者及伤者可用皮带或保险绳系在吊环上增加安全系数, 循环往复运行的带吊环缆绳可快速对多个逃生者提供安全逃生机会;
本发明的带吊环缆绳可将消防员拉升到楼顶逃生平台, 与地面救生装 置操作员建立沟通, 指挥逃生者有序逃生, 避免混乱发生; 本发明的带吊环缆绳可将消防水枪固定在缆绳上, 将消防员及消防水 管拉升到高处, 抵近着火窗户灭火, 彻底解决现有高压消防水车喷水高度 有限的难题;
对于像中央电视台配楼火灾那样整面墙燃起大火, 可以适当加长带吊 环缆绳的长度, 将搭载地面救生装置的车辆拉着缆绳停在远处, 使与楼顶 吊钩相连的缆绳与大楼形成一个夹角, 消防员带着水枪随缆绳上升到高 处, 消防员在与火焰间有足够安全距离的情况下灭火;
本发明提出一种新的、 安全的、 高效的高楼灭火救灾的系统, 供消防 部门和大楼管理者使用。 本发明利用从楼顶垂放到地面的一根替换绳 14, 将带吊环缆绳 39拉到楼顶穿过吊钩回到地面, 用链条上的缆绳制动器挤 压带吊环缆绳出现多个弯折, 带吊环缆绳可以在承受巨大重量的情况下做 上下循环运行, 不仅能将消防员和水枪拉到高处灭火, 还能将被高处被围 困的人员安全送回地面。本发明填补了目前世界上高楼消防领域缺乏同时 兼顾高楼灭火、 高楼救生有效手段的空白。
本发明的技术方案是:火灾发生时,大楼保安人员在底楼松开控制绳, 让替换绳从楼顶垂放到地面并悬挂在吊钩上, 将带吊环缆绳拉到楼顶穿过 吊钩回到地面, 用链条上的缆绳制动器挤压带吊环缆绳出现多个弯折从而 能承受巨变重量, 通过带吊环缆绳的上行将消防员和水枪拉升到高处灭 火、 通过带吊环缆绳的下行将高处被困人员安全送回地面的方式, 实现了 安全高效的灭火救生功能。
本发明利用了缆绳受挤压弯折时缆绳不能自由滑动从而可以承受重 量的特点, 设计出了装设在链条上的缆绳制动器, 多个缆绳制动器带动缆 绳通过直板和弯曲板时,对缆绳施加巨大挤压力,在缆绳上出现多个弯折, 使缆绳可以承受巨大重量。通过在缆绳上装设吊环,设计出了带吊环缆绳, 利用链条传动系统将带吊环缆绳与楼顶吊钩相连后做循环上下运行, 可以 实现将消防员和水枪拉到高处灭火、将高处被困人员安全送回地面的灭火 救生功能。 火灾发生时, 在底楼将控制绳松开, 控制绳在末端弹簧的拉动 下收缩, 使得被控制绳上的控制杆拉住的重物向下垂落, 重物拉动替换绳 两端降落到地面, 同时悬挂在楼顶吊钩上。 将替换绳一端与地面救生装置 的备用卷筒连接, 另一端与救生缆绳卷筒上的带吊环缆绳连接, 开启电动 机带动备用卷筒转动, 在卷收替换绳的同时, 将带吊环缆绳拉向高处穿过 楼顶吊钩后回到地面, 将带吊环缆绳的两个末端连接, 用链条传动系统上 的缆绳制动器咬合带吊环缆绳, 使带吊环缆绳在链条带动下做上下循环运 行, 这样带吊环缆绳就可以将消防员和水枪拉到高处灭火、 将高处被困人 员安全送回地面。
以下结合附图对本发明作详细说明。 为方便描述, 说明书均是以附图 中左侧为前, 其他对应方向分别为后、 左、 右、 上、 下。
1、 楼顶逃生平台框架
如图 1所示, 楼顶逃生平台框架架设在楼顶靠近围墙位置, 该逃生平 台框架主要由竖柱 1、 前横梁 2、 后横梁 3、 底板 4、 第一梯子 5、 卷筒 6、 旋转吊臂 7构成。其中, 底板 4左侧中间有第一穿孔 12, 底板 4架设在框 架中部, 底板 4的水平位置要高过架设在围墙上的卡槽支架 30及倾斜滑 槽 29。 第一梯子 5架设在框架的一侧 (图中所示为右侧), 上部与底板 4 相连。 卷筒 6横设在框架后侧两根竖柱 1上, 位于底板 4下方, 卷筒 6— 端有手柄, 摇动手柄可以使卷筒 6转动。 前横梁 2架设在框架前侧竖柱 1 的上方, 后横梁 3架设在框架后侧竖柱 1上方。 旋转吊臂 7通过轴承 10 架设在后横梁 3上, 旋转吊臂 7可以绕横梁 3转动, 旋转吊臂 7前端下侧 有吊勾 8, 旋转吊臂 7后端下侧有第一挂钩 9。
如图 2所示, 为救生装置框架局部放大示意图, 图 2A为旋转吊臂 7 前端下侧装设有吊勾 8及轴承 10,其中吊勾 8通过一短绳悬挂于旋转吊臂 7前端下侧, 吊勾 8内侧有一可以转动的滚轴; 图 2B为前横梁 2上装设 有两个中空的套筒 11。
卷筒 6—端有手柄, 中间轴上有第二穿孔 13, 将替换绳 14一端对折 后卡入卷筒 6的第二穿孔 13中(如图 3A所示), 转动手柄使卷筒 6旋转, 替换绳 14将缠绕在卷筒 6上 (如图 3B所示)。 同理, 将缠绕在卷筒 6上 的替换绳 14往外拉, 将使卷筒 6反方向旋转, 直到卡入卷筒 6的第二穿 孔 13中对折部分替换绳 14被拉出。
如图 4、 图 5所示, 依次为左带孔滑槽 15、 右带孔滑槽 16、 滚轴 17、 焊接件 18、 滚轴套件 19。 左带孔滑槽 15上部有第一滑槽口 151, 下部有 多个第一圆孔 152, 右带孔滑槽 16上部有第二滑槽口 161, 下部有多个第 二圆孔 162, 滚轴套件 19上的多个第三圆孔 191与第一圆孔 152、 第二圆 孔 162对应一致。 将左带孔滑槽 15、 右带孔滑槽 16、 第一滚轴 17、 焊接 件 18、 滚轴套件 19组装成两个左右对称的滑槽。 滑槽中的第一滚轴 17 顶部高过焊接件 18和滚轴套件 19, 且能转动。组装后的两个滑槽如图 5A 和图 5B所显示, 从两个角度显示了组装后的滑槽的结构。
如图 6A所示, 滑动板 20后侧中间有第二挂钩 21, 两端有螺丝口, 与 螺母 22匹配。 如图 6B所示, 将滑动板 20装入两个滑槽中, 再将螺母 22 穿过第一滑槽口 151、 第二滑槽口 161安装在滑动板 20两端的螺丝口中, 这样滑动板 20只能在滑槽范围内滑动。
如图 7所示, 将装入滑动板 20的滑槽装设在框架中的底板 4上,滑动 板 20与底板 4之间有焊接件 18和滚轴套件 19间隔开, 同时将第一绳索 23一端与滑动板 20上的第二挂钩 21连接, 第一绳索 23另一端从底板 4 与滑动板 20中间穿过, 再从底板 4左侧中间第一穿孔 12往下穿出, 第一 绳索 23另一端从底板 4下方与卷筒 6上方穿过, 与旋转吊臂 7后端下侧 第一挂钩 9相连接。
如图 8所示, 在滑动板 20前侧上装设门型框 24, 在门型框 24顶部两 端装设滑动杆 25,两根滑动杆 25分别从前横梁 2上两个中空的套筒 11中 穿过, 两根滑动杆 25末端用另一杆件连接封闭, 确保滑动杆 25不能从套 筒 11中完全退出。在滑动板 20前侧两端分别装设第二绳索 26,第二绳索 26另一端装设在框架前侧两根竖柱 1上方,当滑动板 20滑出框架悬空时, 第二绳索 26拉直, 确保滑动板 20安全稳固。
如图 9所示, 在楼顶围墙与框架之间装设控制装置, 卡槽支架 30装设 在框架正对的楼顶围墙 32上方, 倾斜滑槽 29装设在卡槽支架 30上, 带 滚轴挡栏 28装设在卡槽支架 30向外伸出的两根支架上, 带滚轴挡栏 28 上装设有末端带圆环的挂绳 31。 第一控制绳支架 33、 第二控制绳支架 34 装设在楼顶围墙 32与框架之间地面上, 底楼控制挂钩 35装设在楼底大楼 保安室内, 第一弹簧 36—端与其中一个第一个控制绳支架 33连接, 另一 端与控制绳 37连接, 控制绳 37依次穿过其他第一控制绳支架 33顶部圆 孔到达大楼保安室内, 确认装设在控制绳 37上的控制杆 38穿过第二控制 绳支架 34上的圆孔, 并且控制杆 38将挂绳 31末端圆环套住后, 将控制 绳 37末端圆环挂在底楼控制挂钩 35上, 此时第一弹簧 36处于拉伸状态, 同时带滚轴挡栏 28被挂绳 31拉住竖立起来, 替换绳 14一端穿过吊勾 8, 其两个末端同时垂放到地面, 替换绳 14两个末端挂钩与重物 27上的挂环 相扣, 同时拉住吊勾 8上的替换绳 14, 对折后卡入卷筒 6的第二穿孔 13 中, 转动卷筒 6收起替换绳 14, 重物 27被拉升到楼顶后, 将重物 27放入 倾斜滑槽 29中, 重物 27被竖立的带滚轴挡栏 28阻挡无法滑落。
如图 10A所示, 连接替换绳 14的重物 27被带滚轴挡栏 28阻挡在倾 斜滑槽 29内。 如图 10B所示, 带滚轴挡栏 28放下后与倾斜滑槽 29平行 向下倾斜,重物 27随着带滚轴挡栏 28上的滚轴向下滑动,拖着替换绳 14 滑向地面, 带滚轴挡栏 28末端与楼顶围墙 32有一定间隔距离, 可以避免 重物 27往下滑落时与大楼外墙碰擦。
如图 11所示, 控制绳 37上装设有控制杆 38, 第二控制绳支架 34有 两根顶端有圆孔的支架, 圆孔与控制杆 38平行, 拉动控制绳 37, 使控制 杆 38穿过第二控制绳支架 34上的圆孔, 将挂绳 31末端圆环套在第二控 制绳支架 34的两根支架中间。
如图 12所示, 为控制装置的局部放大示图。
如图 13所示, 火灾发生时, 将控制绳 37末端圆环从底楼控制挂钩 35 上取出松开, 第一弹簧 36带动控制绳 37回缩, 控制绳 37上的控制杆 38 从第二控制绳支架 34的圆孔中退出, 挂绳 31末端圆环从控制杆 38上脱 落, 带滚轴挡栏 28被重物 27推倒, 重物 27带着替换绳 14往下滑落, 替 换绳 14牵引卷筒 6转动释放更多缆绳, 当替换绳 14末端从卷筒 6的第二 穿孔 13中脱开后, 将直接挂在吊勾 8上, 重物 27加上替换绳 14的重量, 拉动旋转吊臂 7绕后横梁 3转动, 前臂下降后臂上台, 旋转吊臂 7后侧的 第一挂钩 9带动第一绳索 23上拉,与第一绳索 23另一端相连的滑动板 20 将向前滑出, 此时重物 27连着替换绳 14刚好垂放到地面, 旋转吊臂 7前 臂架在前横梁 2上。
如图 14所示, 带吊环缆绳 39上装设有吊环 391, 两端有封闭环扣; 连接绳 40为一短绳, 两端有挂钩。 连接绳 40两端挂钩分别与两段带吊环 缆绳 39相扣, 即可将不同带吊环缆绳 39连接起来增加缆绳长度。 如图 15所示, 外墙轨道 41为倒 U型, 外侧为倒 T型轨道, 滑轮 42 并排固定在支架上, 滑轮 42可以吊挂在外墙轨道 41上滑行。
如图 16所示为轨道救生装置,将装设了滑轮 42的外墙轨道 41安装在 楼顶外墙下方楼体坚固墙面上, 滑轮 42下方与吊勾 8相连, 替换绳 14一 端穿过吊勾 8,替换绳 14两端与重物 27相连,替换绳 14其余部分缠绕在 单独用支架支撑的卷筒 6上, 挂绳 31—端与重物 27相连, 控制杆 38被 控制绳 37拉动穿过第二控制绳支架 34圆孔, 将挂绳 31另一端圆环套住, 这样重物 27被挂绳 31拉住悬挂在吊勾 8下方, 当控制绳 37退回时, 挂 绳 31—端圆环脱落, 重物 27将带动替换绳 14垂落, 拉动替换绳 14悬挂 在吊勾 8上。
如图 17所示, 为地面救生装置框架, 主要由支撑框架 101、操作平台 102、 救生平台 103、 第二梯子 104构成, 操作平台 102位于框架中间, 缆绳穿行口 105位于操作平台 102—侧, 两根滚动杆 106装设在缆绳穿行 口 105内两侧。
如图 18所示, 带孔滑槽 201、 第一滚轴 17、 焊接件 18、 滚轴套 19 件组成一个滑槽, 带孔滑槽 201上有多排小孔, 最下面一排小孔与滚轴套 19上的小孔相对应, 带孔滑槽 201上部向下弯折。
如图 19所示, 带孔滑板 202装入滑槽中时, 带孔滑板 202上的小孔 与带孔滑槽 201刚好能一一对应, 将螺母 22安装在带孔滑板 202上, 带 孔滑板 202能在滑槽范围内滑动。插入式导向轮 203为绕细轴转动的滚轮, 当带孔滑板 202从滑槽中拉出时, 将插入式导向轮 203插入小孔中, 可以 固定带孔滑板 202与带孔滑槽 201。
如图 20所示, 救生缆绳收放装置由方型框架 301、 第一电动机 302、 可滑动支架 303、 救生缆绳卷筒 304、 备用卷筒 305、 滑动梁 306、 支撑梁 307构成, 可滑动支架 303下部有跨在两根滑动梁 306上的轮子, 第一电 动机 302装设在滑动支架 303上, 可以推动第一电动机 302在滑动梁 306 上移动与各个圈筒对接。多个救生缆绳卷筒 304和一个备用卷筒 305装设 在支撑梁 307和方型框架 301上, 推动救生缆绳卷筒 304和备用卷筒 305 在方型框架 301上的把手, 可以使救生缆绳卷筒 304和备用卷筒 305的末 端轴与第一电动机 302的传动轴相对接, 此时电动机将带动卷筒旋转回收 缆绳, 往外拉则卷筒末端轴与传动轴分离。
如图 21所示, 链条传动系统主要由第二电动机 401、 第一齿轮 402、 第二电动机支架 403、链条支撑座 404、第二齿轮 405、第三齿轮 406构成, 第二电动机 401装设在第二电动机支架 403上, 第二电动机 401传动轴末 端装设第一齿轮 402, 两个链条支撑座 404架设在操作平台 102上的缆绳 穿行口 105两边, 两个链条支撑座 404下部有轴相连, 第三齿轮 406装设 在轴中间, 另一根轴从内侧链条支撑座 404 上部穿过与外侧链条支撑座 404相接,另一个第三齿轮 406装设在两个链条支撑座 404上部的轴中间, 第二齿轮 405装设在穿过内侧链条支撑座 404轴的末端, 第二齿轮 405与 第一齿轮 402互相咬合, 第二电动机 401开动时, 将带动第二齿轮 405及 同轴的第三齿轮 406转动。
如图 22所示, 为弯曲板 407、直板 408、链条滑行槽 409, 弯曲板 407 中间部分平直, 两端向同一侧弯曲。 链条滑行槽 409前后两侧有大凹槽, 左右两侧共有 4条小凹槽, 将两根弯曲板 407装在链条滑行槽 409同一侧 的小凹槽内,将两根直板 408 装在链条滑行槽 409另一侧的小凹槽内, 组 成一个滑行槽组合。
如图 23所示, 将图 22中所示的滑行槽组合装设在图 21所示链条传 动系统中的两个链条支撑座 404中间。
如图 24所示, 缆绳制动器底座 410前端两侧各装设有突出的滚轮, 上部中间分断为前后两部分, 前半部分有凹槽, 后半部分中间凹槽两侧中 有滑槽, 滑槽中装设有弹簧, 滑槽末端开口未封闭。
如图 25所示, 缆绳制动器滑动件 411三角形末端装设有突出的滚轮, 前端两侧有能在滑槽中移动的滑行块, 中间装设有固定杆, 缆绳制动器连 接件 412装设在固定杆上, 可以转动, 缆绳制动器顶推件 413后端两侧有 能在滑槽中移动的滑行块, 后端中间凹槽部分能让缆绳制动器连接件 412 前端卡入, 缆绳制动器顶推件 413前端能推入缆绳制动器底座 410前端凹 槽中。
如图 26所示, 将缆绳制动器顶推件 413装入缆绳制动器底座 410后 半部分滑槽中, 将弹簧压在滑槽内侧, 再将装设好缆绳制动器顶推件 413 的缆绳制动器滑动件 411装入滑槽中, 然后将滑槽末端开口封闭, 完成缆 绳制动器安装。 当缆绳制动器滑动件 411上的滚轮受挤压, 缆绳制动器连 接件 412将推动缆绳制动器顶推件 413前端进入缆绳制动器底座 410前端 凹槽中, 当缆绳制动器连接件 412被竖立起来, 缆绳制动器顶推件 413不 能受力推动。如图 26A所示,在缆绳制动器顶推件 413不受力推动情况下, 被滑槽中的弹簧顶回缆绳制动器底座 410后半部分凹槽中, 两段被连接绳 40连接的带吊环缆绳 39在缆绳制动器底座 410中间呈直线通过, 不受挤 压。 如图 26B所示, 缆绳制动器顶推件 413受力往前推动, 将带吊环缆绳 39挤压进缆绳制动器底座 410前半部分凹槽中, 此时带吊环缆绳 39受挤 压不能移动。
如图 27A所示,第一链条连接件 414与第二链条连接件 415左右对称, 下部两侧有圆孔, 顶部弯曲平面宽度与缆绳制动器底座 410宽度一致, 多 组第一链条连接件 414、 第二链条连接件 415、 第二滚轴 416可以装设成 为链条 (如图 27B所示)。
如图 28所示, 第三齿轮 406推动由第一链条连接件 414、 第二链条连 接件 415、 第二滚轴 416组成的链条运行。
如图 29所示, 由第一链条连接件 414、 第二链条连接件 415、 第二滚 轴 416组成的链条在链条滑行槽 409中运行的示意图, 链条运行时第二滚 轴 416在链条滑行槽 409中滚动使链条运行顺畅, 第一链条连接件 414和 第二链条连接件 415顶部弯曲平面高于链条滑行槽 409凹槽两端。
如图 30所示, 将缆绳制动器装设在链条上并在第三齿轮 406上运行 的示意图。
如图 31所示, 将缆绳制动器装设在链条上并在链条滑行槽 409中运 行的示意图。
如图 32A所示, 将弯曲板 407、 直板 408装入链条滑行槽 409小凹槽 中, 装设好缆绳制动器的链条在链条滑行槽 409上运行, 带吊环缆绳 39 位于缆绳制动器中间, 缆绳制动器随链条运行到弯曲板 407和直板 408之 前, 带吊环缆绳 39不受外力挤压, 呈直线状态, 当缆绳制动器处于弯曲 板 407和直板 408之间时, 前端两侧的两个滚轮受直板 408阻挡而平直滑 行, 另一侧缆绳制动器滑动件 411三角形末端滚轮受弯曲板 407挤压, 推 动缆绳制动器顶推件 413顶着带吊环缆绳 39慢慢挤入缆绳制动器底座 410 前端凹槽中, 当缆绳制动器随链条进入弯曲板 407平直部分时, 带吊环缆 绳 39受到的挤压力达到最高值,当多个缆绳制动器随链条进入弯曲板 407 平直部分时, 带吊环缆绳 39 的多段受到连续挤压无法移动, 可以在带吊 环缆绳 39上产生很大的拉力。 当缆绳制动器随链条运行到弯曲板 407另 一侧弯曲部分时, 带吊环缆绳 39受到的挤压力慢慢减小, 当缆绳制动器 随链条运行到脱离弯曲板 407时, 带吊环缆绳 39又处于不受力的平直状 态。 如图 32B所示, 带吊环缆绳 39受多个缆绳制动器挤压, 出现了多个 弯折, 弯折越大, 带吊环缆绳 39受挤压力越高。
如图 33所示, 将装设好缆绳制动器的链条装设在如图 23所示的两个 第三齿轮 406上, 组成一个完整的链条传动系统。 装设方法是, 通过两侧 滑行槽 409部分链条先不装设缆绳制动器,链条其余部分装设缆绳制动器, 开启第二电动机 401慢速转动, 通过滑行槽 409的链条上的缆绳制动器挤 压进入弯曲板 407、 直板 408之间, 未装设缆绳制动器的链条运行到第三 齿轮 406上, 再将缆绳制动器装设到链条上, 这样随着链条运行, 所有通 过通过滑行槽 409的链条上的缆绳制动器都将受到弯曲板 407、 直板 408 的挤压。
如图 34所示,将如图 19B所示的滑行槽装入如图 17所示的框架下部, 将如图 20所示的救生缆绳收放装置装入滑行槽上方框架中, 将如图 33所 示的链条传动系统装设在框架中部操作平台 102上, 完成本发明的地面救 生装置。
如图 35所示, 替换绳 14一端与备用卷筒 305相连, 另一端与带吊环 缆绳 39相连, 备用卷筒 305转动卷收替换绳 14, 同时将带吊环缆绳 39 往上拉升。
如图 36所示,多根用连接绳 40连成一体的带吊环缆绳 39穿过楼顶吊 勾 8后回到地面, 首尾相接, 组成一个循环。 带吊环缆绳 39垂放的两端 被链条传动系统咬合控制, 开启第二电动机 401带动带吊环缆绳 39如箭 头所示方向上下循环运行。
如图 37 所示, 地面救生装置与楼顶逃生平台通过带吊环缆绳连接起 来, 第二电动机 401带动带吊环缆绳 39绕楼顶吊勾 8做上下循环运行, 楼顶逃生人员站上滑动板 20, 通过带吊环缆绳 39下降到救生平台 103逃 生。
在具体使用时, 可按照下述歩骤进行:
1、 使各项救生设备处于完好准备状态
地面救生装置由当地消防部门装设在专用车辆上, 由车辆为电动机 1
(302) 和电动机 2 (401 ) 提供电力。 根据当地高楼情况, 在多个救生缆 绳卷筒 304上分别按 600米、 500米、 400米、 300米、 200米、 100米长 度卷收好带吊环缆绳 39, 另准备 50米、 30米、 20米、 10米带吊环缆绳 39各一段, 还需要准备连接绳 40、 插入式导向轮 203多个。
楼顶逃生平台和轨道救生装置安装在高楼上, 平时经常检查演练, 确 保控制绳 37末端圆环从底楼控制挂钩 35上取出松开后, 重物 27能拉着 替换绳 14垂放到地面, 同时替换绳 14末端有长度标记, 方便消防人员快 速确认大楼高度。
2、 当高楼火灾发生时, 大楼保安人员应第一时间报警, 通知消防部 门派消防车来灭火, 然后将控制绳 37末端圆环从底楼控制挂钩 35上取出 松开, 让所有重物 27牵引着替换绳 14垂放到地面, 完成救火前的准备工 作。
3、如图 35, 消防员根据替换绳 14标识的大楼高度确认需要的带吊环 缆绳 39组合长度, 将替换绳 14一端从缆绳穿行口 105内侧向下穿过, 与 备用卷筒 305相连, 将其中一个救生缆绳卷筒 304上的带吊环缆绳 39— 端从缆绳穿行口 105的两根滚动杆 106之间向上穿过, 与替换绳 14的另 一端相连, 将电动机 1 (302) 在滑动梁 306上移动与备用卷筒 305对接, 开启电动机 1 (302) 带动备用卷筒 305转动, 在替换绳 14缠绕在备用卷 筒 305的过程中, 以楼顶吊勾 8为支点, 将带吊环缆绳 39往上拉升。 此 时可以派一个消防员随带吊环缆绳 39上升到楼顶逃生平台现场指挥, 也 可将安设在轨道上的楼顶逃生平台推移到需要的位置。
4、 在替换绳 14另一端还未拉回到地面时, 第一个救生缆绳卷筒 304 上的带吊环缆绳 39已被完全拉出, 此时暂停电动机 1 (302) 运行, 将带 吊环缆绳 39—端与另一个救生缆绳卷筒 304上的带吊环缆绳 39的一端用 连接绳 40连接, 继续开启电动机 1 (302) 拉动带吊环缆绳 39上升。
5、如图 36,当替换绳 14另一端拉着带吊环缆绳 39回到备用卷筒 305 旁时, 停止电动机 1 (302)运行, 将带吊环缆绳 39与替换绳 14分开, 将 带吊环缆绳 39手动卡入向下运行链条上刚进入弯曲板 407的一个缆绳制 动器中, 将另一段仍与救生缆绳卷筒 304相连的带吊环缆绳 39手动卡入 向上运行链条上刚进入弯曲板 407 的一个缆绳制动器中, 开动电动机 2 (401 ), 链条通过滑行槽组合上下运行过程中, 如图 32, 多个缆绳制动器 受弯曲板 407、直板 408的挤压, 带吊环缆绳 39被牢固的咬合在缆绳制动 器中。
6、 当带吊环缆绳 39从救生缆绳卷筒 304上完全拉出时, 停止电动机 2 (401 ) 运行, 在操作平台 102下方, 将其一端与另一段带吊环缆绳 39 的一端用连接绳 40连接, 此时, 链条上部与楼顶吊勾 8之间的带吊环缆 绳 39呈拉直状态, 而链条下部的带吊环缆绳 39呈松散状态, 继续运行链 条可能会使链条下部剩余过长的带吊环缆绳 39出现纠缠。
7、 将带孔滑板 202从滑槽中拉出, 用插入式导向轮 203将带孔滑板 202和带孔滑槽 201固定, 用插入式导向轮 203将链条下部的带吊环缆绳 39引导拉直, 开启电动机 2 (401 ), 使连成一体的带吊环缆绳 39以楼顶 吊勾 8为支点, 随链条上下循环运行, 此时链条上方的带吊环缆绳 39可 以乘受巨大的重量, 即可开展灭火、 救生工作。
8、 需要注意的是, 两段缆绳的连接部分可能会使用坚硬的钢性材料, 不能被缆绳制动器挤压,如图 26, 当两段缆绳的连接部分随链条进入弯曲 板 407、 直板 408之间的缆绳制动器中时, 应暂停电动机 2 (401 ), 将两 段缆绳的连接部分对应的缆绳制动器上的缆绳制动器连接件 412 竖立起
9、如图 37, 逃生人员站上伸出高楼外墙的滑动板 20, 手扶滑动杆 25 来到门型框 24前, 站在带吊环缆绳 39的吊环上, 即可安全降落到地面救 生装置的救生平台 103上。
10、 将连接消防水带的水枪固定在带吊环缆绳 39上, 消防员站在吊 环上拉升到高处, 可直接对准着火窗户灭火。
11、 灭火、 救灾完毕, 在操作平台 102下方, 找到两段带吊环缆绳 39 的连接部分, 取下连接绳 40,将靠近救生缆绳卷筒 304—侧的带吊环缆绳 39连接到救生缆绳卷筒 304上, 将电动机 2 (401 ) 反方向运转, 在链条 往上运行方向弯曲板 407下方, 将带吊环缆绳 39往外拉住随链条向上移 动, 这样一侧的带吊环缆绳 39将全部脱离缆绳制动器的咬合状态。 另一 侧弯曲板 407上方, 将带吊环缆绳 39往外拉住随链条向下移动, 这样另 一侧的带吊环缆绳 39也将全部脱离缆绳制动器的咬合状态,停止电动机 2 (401 ) 运转。 将电动机 1 ( 302) 移动与救生缆绳卷筒 304对接并开启转 动, 开始回收带吊环缆绳 39到救生缆绳卷筒 304上。 在带吊环缆绳 39的 最末端运行到备用卷筒 305旁时, 停止电动机 1 (302)转动, 将备用卷筒 305上的替换绳 14与带吊环缆绳 39末端相连,开启电动机 1 (302)转动, 在回收带吊环缆绳 39到救生缆绳卷筒 304上时,拉升替换绳 14向上运行。 当全部带吊环缆绳 39回收完毕时, 替换绳 14的另一端也拉回到地面, 将 替换绳 14的两端与重物 27相连, 在楼顶将替换绳 14卷收进卷筒 6中, 拉升重物 27回到楼顶, 完成救生设备的准备状态。
12、有些高楼、高塔设计特殊,重物 27牵引着替换绳 14降落地面时, 重物 27可能会撞击到建筑物外墙, 解决办法是在外墙装设一小型滑轨, 重物 27沿滑轨下滑。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种用于高层建筑灭火及逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 主要由设置 在高层建筑的顶部的控制系统和设置在地面的救生系统组成;
其中控制系统构成为:
控制系统中设有一控制绳, 该控制绳的一端通过一拉簧固定在第一控 制绳支架上, 控制绳的另一端与第二控制绳支架连接后垂落至高层建筑的 控制室内; 控制绳上装设有控制杆, 该控制杆与第二控制绳支架上的圆孔 平行, 控制杆穿过第二控制绳支架上的圆孔, 将一挂绳的末端套在第二控 制绳支架的两根支架中间, 该挂绳的另一端连接一重物;
控制系统中设有一替换绳, 该替换绳缠绕在卷筒上, 替换绳的一端连 接一重物;
控制系统中设有一外墙轨道, 安装在高层建筑外墙上, 控制系统中设 有一外墙轨道, 安装在高层建筑外墙上, 轨道上装有滑轮, 滑轮下方连接 一吊勾, 替换绳一端穿过吊勾与重物连接;
控制系统中设有一楼顶逃生平台, 安装在高层建筑楼顶的围墙内, 逃 生平台上装有旋转吊臂和滑动板, 旋转吊臂末端连接一吊勾, 替换绳一端 穿过吊勾与重物连接, 旋转吊臂另一端通过绳索与滑动板连接;
控制系统中的控制绳由拉簧拉回第一控制绳支架时, 挂绳从控制杆上 脱落, 重物将带动替换绳垂落, 拉动替换绳悬挂在吊勾上; 重物和替换绳 拉动旋转吊臂伸出围墙外, 旋转吊臂另一端上抬通过绳索拉动滑动板伸出 围墙外;
地面救生系统构成为:
地面救生系统主要由固定在操作平台上链条传动装置、 带吊环缆绳、 缆绳收放装置构成, 该链条传动装置中的第二电动机安装在第二电动机支 架上, 第二电动机传动轴末端设有第一齿轮; 两个链条支撑座设在在操作 平台上的缆绳穿行口两边, 两个链条支撑座之间的上部和下部各设有一第 三齿轮, 两个第三齿轮之间安装有链条滑行槽, 链条滑行槽上部的第三齿 轮轴穿过链条支撑座通过第二齿轮与第一齿轮相互啮合, 第二电动机转动 通过第二齿轮带动上部的第三齿轮转动; 两个链条支撑座的其中一个的两侧分别安装有弯曲板, 两个链条支撑 座的另一个的两侧分别安装有直板, 弯曲板和直板分别设在链条滑行槽两 侧, 与链条滑行槽组成滑行槽组合; 链条滑行槽上环绕有链条; 该链条中 的第一链条连接件与第二链条连接件的下部两侧开有圆孔, 第二滚轴的两 端分别插入第一链条连接件与第二链条连接件的圆孔内, 由多组相同结构 组成链条;
各组链条上方均固定有缆绳制动器底座, 在缆绳制动器底座的后部两 侧各设有滑槽, 滑槽中装设有弹簧, 滑槽末端开口未封闭; 缆绳制动器底 座上方安装有缆绳制动器滑动件和缆绳制动器顶推件; 缆绳制动器滑动件 的前端两侧设有能在缆绳制动器底座两侧滑槽中移动的滑行块, 缆绳制动 器滑动件的中间设有固定杆, 缆绳制动器连接件可以转动地安装在固定杆 上; 缆绳制动器顶推件后端两侧设有能在滑槽中移动的滑行块, 缆绳制动 器连接件的前端顶住缆绳制动器顶推件的后端, 设有若干个吊环的带吊环 缆绳放置在缆绳制动器顶推件与缆绳制动器底座之间。
缆绳收放装置装设有一台可以移动的电动机、 多个缆绳卷筒和一个备 用缆绳卷筒, 移动电动机可与任一缆绳卷筒对接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其 中, 控制绳通过高层建筑的外墙或电梯通道连接进入高层建筑底层的控制 室内;
3、 根据权利要求 1所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其 中, 带吊环缆绳的两端有封闭环扣, 通过一根连接绳分别与两段带吊环缆 绳相接以增加带吊环缆绳的长度。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其 中, 带吊环缆绳松弛部分从缆绳穿行口穿出。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其 中, 缆绳制动器底座的前端两侧各装设有突出的滚轮; 缆绳制动器滑动件 的末端设有突出的滚轮。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其 中, 缆绳制动器底座的上方设有凹槽, 凹槽后部两侧各设有滑槽, 带吊环 缆绳放置在缆绳制动器顶推件与缆绳制动器底座的凹槽之间。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置, 其 中, 缆绳制动器顶推件后端中间设有凹槽, 缆绳制动器连接件的前端顶住 缆绳制动器顶推件的后端中间的凹槽。
8、 权利要求 1所述用于高层建筑逃生的吊环缆绳救生装置的使用方 法:
将控制绳从控制室松开, 第一弹簧通过带动控制绳回缩, 控制杆从第 二控制绳支架的圆孔中退出, 使挂绳从控制杆上脱落, 重物带着替换绳往 下滑落垂放到地面, 同时旋转吊臂和滑动板伸出围墙外。
将替换绳的一端连接带吊环缆绳, 替换绳另一端与备用卷筒相连, 将 带吊环缆绳向上拉升, 多根带吊环缆绳连接以适合楼房高度, 带吊环缆绳 穿过楼顶吊钩回到地面, 将带吊环缆绳装入链条传动装置中的缆绳制动器 顶推件与缆绳制动器底座的前半部分凹槽之间; 当缆绳制动器顶推件不受 力时, 两段被连接绳连接的带吊环缆绳在缆绳制动器底座中间呈直线通 过; 当缆绳制动器顶推件受力时, 带吊环缆绳挤压进缆绳制动器底座前半 部分凹槽中而无法移动; 通过电动机带动链条传动装置中的缆绳制动器运 行, 拉动带吊环缆绳往上拉升, 此时的带吊环缆绳上携挂消防员和救生设 备上升到高层建筑, 另一侧向下运行的带吊环缆绳将被困人员救回地面。
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