WO2014169922A1 - Solar air collector - Google Patents

Solar air collector Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014169922A1
WO2014169922A1 PCT/DK2014/050100 DK2014050100W WO2014169922A1 WO 2014169922 A1 WO2014169922 A1 WO 2014169922A1 DK 2014050100 W DK2014050100 W DK 2014050100W WO 2014169922 A1 WO2014169922 A1 WO 2014169922A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
air
solar cell
collector
air collector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2014/050100
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Jørgen CHRISTENSEN
Original Assignee
Udlejer Hans Jørgen Christensen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Udlejer Hans Jørgen Christensen filed Critical Udlejer Hans Jørgen Christensen
Publication of WO2014169922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014169922A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar air collector for heating of air according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a solar air collector system with a solar cell for driving one or more associated fans or the like often has difficulty in cooling the solar cell sufficiently if the solar cell is integrated in the solar collector. This is especially true when the solar collector is mounted in southern and warm countries and is particularly critical when the fan which drives air through the solar collector is shut off.
  • An objective of the present invention is to provide a solution which at the same time includes performance, aesthetic, maintenance friendliness and durability. With the solution in use it is possible without risk of overheating the solar cell to add further embodiments which increases the performance and temperature of the solar air collector.
  • the present invention relates to the fitting of a solar cell in a given solar air collector in a new and unseen manner as disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 1 whereby all the above-mentioned requests and demands are met at once.
  • the risk of overheating the solar cell avoided even with side plates added to the solar air collector as disclosed in dependent claims 7 and 8 in order to significantly increase the efficiency.
  • an opening in the rear wall of the solar collector in a size which corresponds with the active area of the solar cell.
  • the edges of this opening are provided with rails where the solar cell is pushed into and secured to the rear side of the solar collector i.e. the solar cell is always accessible and can be replaced also normally without use of tools.
  • the active area of the solar cell is hereby free to receive the rays of sunlight after these have passed through the transparent cover of the solar collector.
  • the rear side of solar cell can at the same time be directly cooled by air and hereby stay under a critical temperature even in the hottest climate. The position also makes the solar cell much less visible from the outside and thus does not mar the appearance of the solar collector.
  • the solar cell can have many shapes and sizes and be with or without a mounted frame. It is important that the cut-out opening in the rear side of the solar collector and possible isolation material do not shade the active area (photovoltaic) of the solar cell regardless of the angle of incidence for the rays of sunlight.
  • the rear side of the solar cell can also be provided with cooling fins if necessary e.g. made in aluminum or as illustrated in figs. 5 to 8 with a plate assembly which protects the rear side of the solar cell from driving rain and mechanical impact from a snow cover (when mounted on a roof) or other impacts.
  • This plate assembly creates an increased air self-circulation on the rear side of the solar cell in the situation wherein the solar collector is not cooled with active ventilation.
  • the plate assembly increases the suction of wasted heat from the solar cell in through the rear side perforations of the solar collector if these perforations are present.
  • the invention can be used in most known types of solar air collectors and also in several types of fluid based solar collectors where the solar cell then would be used to drive a pump.
  • a solar air collector system often has an extra fan for driving air into a separate room in the building. This fan which is power supplied from the present disclosed solar cell has hereby further available power due to the improved cooling of the solar cell.
  • the invention thus relates to a solar air collector comprising at least one transparent or translucent front panel, and a rear panel wherein said front and rear panel enclose an inner volume in the solar air collector, e.g. together with a side frame, an air intake opening for intake of air from the surroundings to said inner volume in the solar air collector, an air outlet opening for outlet of air to the surroundings from said inner volume in the solar air collector, i.e.
  • the heated air is for example directed to a room to be heated, an electric fan arranged for directing an airflow through said inner volume from said air intake opening to said air outlet opening whereby the airflow may be heated, and a solar cell panel including photovoltaic cells electrically connected to said electric fan to operate this, wherein said solar cell panel is located in said rear panel in such a way that it is replaceable from the outer side of the rear panel and the solar air collector is designed such that the photovoltaic cells of said solar cell panel can receive light from the surroundings via said front panel.
  • the rear panel of the solar air collector preferably comprises an opening, wherein said solar cell is located in said rear panel in such a way that the rear side of said solar cell panel can dissipate heat to the exterior of the solar air collector by cooling with an airflow flowing along the rear panel and/or by heat radiation.
  • the opening is preferably of such a size that the rear side of said solar cell panel is substantially exposed to the surroundings of the solar air collector and hereby can be cooled in most of the rear side area.
  • the solar air collector may further comprise a cover plate that is located behind the rear side of said solar cell panel in a distance hereof, wherein the distance between the cover plate and the rear side of said solar cell panel preferably is between 0.5 and 2.5 centimeters such that an airflow between the cover plate and the rear side of said solar cell panel is possible for cooling of the latter.
  • the edges of said opening may be provided with rails for holding edges of said solar cell panel in such a way that said solar cell panel can substantially parallel of the extension plane of said rear panel slide in and out of its location.
  • At least a part of said air intake opening may be provided in said rear panel preferably in the form of a perforation in at least a portion of the rear panel such that the air is sucked in through the rear panel.
  • the air intake opening may alternatively be located in a side frame which connects the front and rear panel and encloses the inner volume from the exterior or air intake openings may be located in both the rear panel and in a side panels.
  • the solar air collector further comprises at least one side plate extending in a plane substantially parallel with a plane of which the solar air collector extends in, and which extends next to said front panel of the solar air collector wherein the side plate or side plates are arranged so that air during operation of said fan of the solar air collector can be heated by contact with said at least one side plate and then drawn in through said air intake opening.
  • said at least one side plate includes a perforation such that air during operation of said fan of the solar air collector can be heated by contact with said side plate or side plates and then drawn in through an air intake opening located in said rear panel.
  • Fig. 1 discloses the rear side of a solar air collector which is provided with a perforated plate according to a general principal. It is further disclosed how a solar cell is pushed into a holding system which is fastened where there is also an opening in the rear plate of the solar collector. discloses the same solar air collector in a cross sectional view and discloses how sunlight initially enters through the transparent cover of the solar collector and subsequently hits the solar cell. discloses the same solar air collector seen from the front with attached perforated side plates. These plates can be designed and decorated in numerous ways and protect against the direct wind under the solar collector. discloses the same solar air collector seen in a cross sectional view with attached perforated side plates.
  • FIG. 8 discloses the same device on the solar air collector as seen from the side with active ventilation operation. Arrows illustrate that heated air from the solar cell is transferred to the rear side intake openings of the solar air collector.
  • Fig. 1 discloses the rear side of a typical solar air collector 1 with a perforated metal plate in this embodiment.
  • a solar cell 2 which has a photovoltaic side facing down against the rear side 30 of the solar air collector is pushed into a suitable holding system at an opening 3 in the rear side.
  • the size of the opening is adapted to the active area of the solar cell to avoid shadows on the area.
  • the heated air of the solar air collector is guided out at the opening 4.
  • Fig. 2 discloses the same solar air collector in a cross sectional view 5 with a transparent cover 6 in a glass or plastic material which allows rays of sunlight 7 to enter and hit the active area 8 of the solar cell.
  • the solar air collector is mounted on a wall 18.
  • Fig. 3 discloses the same solar air collector seen from the front 9.
  • the solar air collector is usually mounted on a wall 18 with a small distance between them.
  • the air is drawn in at the rear side of the solar air collector and will usually be drawn in from all sides of the solar air collector.
  • On two sides of the embodiment are mounted perforated side plates 10.
  • the air (illustrated with arrows 11) is drawn through the side plates and in behind the rear side of the solar air collector.
  • the same side plates reduce the wind draft in behind the solar collector.
  • the solar cell 2 can now dissipate waste heat to the air behind the solar collector 1 and will hereby achieve a better performance in power generation and will at the same time be protected against damaging temperatures which especially may occur when fan operation is switched off and hereby also for the airflow through the solar collector.
  • An important feature of the present construction is the possibility of replacing a defective solar cell without special intervention into the solar collector.
  • Fig. 4 discloses the flow of air (arrows 11) through the side plates 10 to intake openings on the rear side of the solar collector (arrows 12). Typically the air is blown into the room behind the wall 18 as illustrated with the arrow 13.
  • Fig. 5 discloses how the solar cell 2 is pushed in over an opening 3 in the rear side of the solar collector.
  • the solar cell is covered by a plate 14 when it is in place 15 wherein the plate is slightly larger than the solar cell and located in a distance from the solar cell (typically one centimeter).
  • Number 16 illustrates the plate as it covers the solar cell.
  • Fig. 6 discloses a cross section of the solar air collector 5 seen from the side with the mounted cover plate 14.
  • the typical airflow is illustrated with arrows in a solar heated but inactive and unventilated solar air collector.
  • Cold air (illustrated with arrow 17) is sucked into the solar collector at the bottom by self-circulation and heated air (illustrated with arrow 19) leaves the solar air collector at the top.
  • self-circulation and heated air illustrated with arrow 19
  • Fig. 7 discloses a typical airflow in the space 24 between the solar cell 2 and cover plate 14 when the solar air collector is not in active operation in relation to forced ventilation but is subject to sunlight.
  • the temperature on the solar cell will hereby increase and it will submit heat both by heat convection and by heat radiation on the rear side.
  • the cover plate 14 is provided with black felt 23 in order to increase the heat radiation from the solar cell 2 to the cover plate 14.
  • the large surface of the felt also increases the emission of heat to the air which flows by as illustrated in the figure with arrows.
  • Cold air (illustrated with arrow 20) enters at the bottom and flows up through the space 24 as illustrated with more arrows.
  • the heated air leaves at the top 21 and escapes into open air.
  • the numbers 30 and 31 in the figure illustrate a perforated rear panel plate and an absorber felt, respectively, which provide a typical rear side of a solar air collector.
  • Fig. 8 discloses a typical airflow in the whole solar air collector 5 and in the space 24 between the solar cell 2 and cover plate 14 when the solar air collector is not in active operation in relation to forced ventilation but is subject to sunlight.
  • the temperature on the solar cell will hereby increase and it will submit heat both by heat convection and by heat radiation to the air in the space 24 i.e. the same process as disclosed in Fig. 7.
  • a significant difference now appears at the top of the cover plate (at 22) where the air in full or partly is sucked in through the rear side of the solar collector. Hereby is no heat wasted or only an insignificant amount.
  • the arrows 29 illustrate the direction of the air down towards the unifying outlet whereby the air 13 is directed into the building.
  • the cover plate 14 protects against unnecessary cooling from wind, driving rain and snow cover when the solar air collector is mounted on a roof with the rear side open for weather.
  • Rear side or panel e.g. as a perforated rear plate

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar air collector (1) with an opening in the rear side (3) where a solar cell (2) can be fitted and maintained in such a way that it can receive sunlight (7) via the transparent cover (6) of the solar air collector. The solar cell (8) can now dissipate waste heat to the rear in such a way that it is not overheated by a fan stop. When the solar air collector (9) is mounted with a little distance on a wall (18) most of the dissipated heat from the solar cell to the air on the rear side will be sucked into the solar collector and hereby not loss energy. A solar cell can now be replaced without intervention into the solar collector. It is possible to mount side plates (10) on the solar collector (9) due to the improved cooling of the solar cell which will protect against direct wind chill of the rear side of the solar collector and will also preheat the intake air (11) before it enters the solar collector by rays of sunlight (7) hitting the side plate (10). The side plates may be used when mounted on a wall (18). It is possible to mount a protective plate (14) preferably made in metal over the solar cell (15) for protection of the solar cell against driving rain, wind chill, mechanical impact from snow or knocks. The plate is provided with black felt (23) on the underside in order to better receive the radiated heat from solar cell (2) when this is heated by the sun. The large surface of the felt can hereafter more efficiently dissipate the heat to the self-circulating air which enters at (20) and leaves at (21) when the solar collector is not forced ventilated or leaves at (22) when the fan pulls the air in at (13). Here the air heated by the waste heat of the solar cell will be pulled into the solar collector.

Description

SOLAR AIR COLLECTOR
Field of the invention
The invention relates to a solar air collector for heating of air according to the preamble of claim 1.
Background of the invention
A solar air collector system with a solar cell for driving one or more associated fans or the like often has difficulty in cooling the solar cell sufficiently if the solar cell is integrated in the solar collector. This is especially true when the solar collector is mounted in southern and warm countries and is particularly critical when the fan which drives air through the solar collector is shut off.
This may cause temperatures in the solar cell over 95 degrees Celsius which have a damaging effect on a normal solar cell and reduce lifetime and performance.
This problem is usually solved by locating the solar cell next to the solar collector, mounting it on the outside of the transparent cover of the solar collector or using an extra fan to cool the solar cell. All these solutions come with disadvantages which reduce performance and usability of the solar collector. Another significant issue in relation to user and maintenance friendliness is the possibility for even a non-skilled person to quickly and easily replace a defect solar cell with little disruption.
An example of a solar collector panel for heating of air is disclosed in international patent application no. 2011/063810. The application discloses a solar cell integrated in the solar collector.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a solution which at the same time includes performance, aesthetic, maintenance friendliness and durability. With the solution in use it is possible without risk of overheating the solar cell to add further embodiments which increases the performance and temperature of the solar air collector. Brief summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the fitting of a solar cell in a given solar air collector in a new and unseen manner as disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 1 whereby all the above-mentioned requests and demands are met at once. Hereby is the risk of overheating the solar cell avoided even with side plates added to the solar air collector as disclosed in dependent claims 7 and 8 in order to significantly increase the efficiency.
There is namely provided an opening in the rear wall of the solar collector (and any isolation material) in a size which corresponds with the active area of the solar cell. The edges of this opening are provided with rails where the solar cell is pushed into and secured to the rear side of the solar collector i.e. the solar cell is always accessible and can be replaced also normally without use of tools. The active area of the solar cell is hereby free to receive the rays of sunlight after these have passed through the transparent cover of the solar collector. The rear side of solar cell can at the same time be directly cooled by air and hereby stay under a critical temperature even in the hottest climate. The position also makes the solar cell much less visible from the outside and thus does not mar the appearance of the solar collector.
Many solar air collectors are mounted with a little distance on house walls and the dissipated heat from the rear side of the solar cell can, depending on the design of the solar collector, be absorbed by the air intake of the solar collector and hereby not be lost. The heat loss from the solar cell is insignificant in any event due to the small area of solar cell in comparison with the full area of the solar collector. More importantly the cooled solar cell will get a higher performance and longer life. The solar cell can have many shapes and sizes and be with or without a mounted frame. It is important that the cut-out opening in the rear side of the solar collector and possible isolation material do not shade the active area (photovoltaic) of the solar cell regardless of the angle of incidence for the rays of sunlight. Further it is important that there is a free air circulation at the rear side of the solar collector and solar cell. The rear side of the solar cell can also be provided with cooling fins if necessary e.g. made in aluminum or as illustrated in figs. 5 to 8 with a plate assembly which protects the rear side of the solar cell from driving rain and mechanical impact from a snow cover (when mounted on a roof) or other impacts. This plate assembly creates an increased air self-circulation on the rear side of the solar cell in the situation wherein the solar collector is not cooled with active ventilation. During active operation of the system the plate assembly increases the suction of wasted heat from the solar cell in through the rear side perforations of the solar collector if these perforations are present.
The invention can be used in most known types of solar air collectors and also in several types of fluid based solar collectors where the solar cell then would be used to drive a pump. A solar air collector system often has an extra fan for driving air into a separate room in the building. This fan which is power supplied from the present disclosed solar cell has hereby further available power due to the improved cooling of the solar cell.
The traditional methods and locations of solar cells on or inside or next to the solar air collector to avoid overheating of the solar cell (over 90 degrees Celsius) have many disadvantages such as noise from cooling fans, unsightly appearance, poor performance and difficulty in servicing and replacing the solar cell. All these problems are solved at once by the present invention. The invention thus relates to a solar air collector comprising at least one transparent or translucent front panel, and a rear panel wherein said front and rear panel enclose an inner volume in the solar air collector, e.g. together with a side frame, an air intake opening for intake of air from the surroundings to said inner volume in the solar air collector, an air outlet opening for outlet of air to the surroundings from said inner volume in the solar air collector, i.e. wherein the heated air is for example directed to a room to be heated, an electric fan arranged for directing an airflow through said inner volume from said air intake opening to said air outlet opening whereby the airflow may be heated, and a solar cell panel including photovoltaic cells electrically connected to said electric fan to operate this, wherein said solar cell panel is located in said rear panel in such a way that it is replaceable from the outer side of the rear panel and the solar air collector is designed such that the photovoltaic cells of said solar cell panel can receive light from the surroundings via said front panel.
The rear panel of the solar air collector preferably comprises an opening, wherein said solar cell is located in said rear panel in such a way that the rear side of said solar cell panel can dissipate heat to the exterior of the solar air collector by cooling with an airflow flowing along the rear panel and/or by heat radiation.
The opening is preferably of such a size that the rear side of said solar cell panel is substantially exposed to the surroundings of the solar air collector and hereby can be cooled in most of the rear side area. The solar air collector may further comprise a cover plate that is located behind the rear side of said solar cell panel in a distance hereof, wherein the distance between the cover plate and the rear side of said solar cell panel preferably is between 0.5 and 2.5 centimeters such that an airflow between the cover plate and the rear side of said solar cell panel is possible for cooling of the latter. The edges of said opening may be provided with rails for holding edges of said solar cell panel in such a way that said solar cell panel can substantially parallel of the extension plane of said rear panel slide in and out of its location. At least a part of said air intake opening may be provided in said rear panel preferably in the form of a perforation in at least a portion of the rear panel such that the air is sucked in through the rear panel. The air intake opening may alternatively be located in a side frame which connects the front and rear panel and encloses the inner volume from the exterior or air intake openings may be located in both the rear panel and in a side panels.
It is advantageous that the solar air collector further comprises at least one side plate extending in a plane substantially parallel with a plane of which the solar air collector extends in, and which extends next to said front panel of the solar air collector wherein the side plate or side plates are arranged so that air during operation of said fan of the solar air collector can be heated by contact with said at least one side plate and then drawn in through said air intake opening.
In a particularly preferred embodiment said at least one side plate includes a perforation such that air during operation of said fan of the solar air collector can be heated by contact with said side plate or side plates and then drawn in through an air intake opening located in said rear panel.
Brief description of the drawing
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing wherein:
Fig. 1 discloses the rear side of a solar air collector which is provided with a perforated plate according to a general principal. It is further disclosed how a solar cell is pushed into a holding system which is fastened where there is also an opening in the rear plate of the solar collector. discloses the same solar air collector in a cross sectional view and discloses how sunlight initially enters through the transparent cover of the solar collector and subsequently hits the solar cell. discloses the same solar air collector seen from the front with attached perforated side plates. These plates can be designed and decorated in numerous ways and protect against the direct wind under the solar collector. discloses the same solar air collector seen in a cross sectional view with attached perforated side plates. Arrows on the figure disclose the influx of sunlight (large arrows) and the air flow in an operational system (small arrows), respectively. discloses a plate which is mounted behind the rear side of the solar cell in a certain distance. This plate is slightly larger than the solar cell. The surplus heat from the solar cell is guided to the intake openings in the solar air collector. discloses the same device mounted on the solar collector as seen from the side. Small arrows illustrate the flow of air during active operation of the solar air collector. discloses the same device enlarged to illustrate the principle in the flow of air and the cooling of the solar cell when the solar air collector is not operational. Black felt can also be adhered to the inner side of this plate so that the radiant heat from the solar cell more easily is converted to heated air. Fig. 8 discloses the same device on the solar air collector as seen from the side with active ventilation operation. Arrows illustrate that heated air from the solar cell is transferred to the rear side intake openings of the solar air collector.
Detailed description of embodiment
Fig. 1 discloses the rear side of a typical solar air collector 1 with a perforated metal plate in this embodiment. A solar cell 2 which has a photovoltaic side facing down against the rear side 30 of the solar air collector is pushed into a suitable holding system at an opening 3 in the rear side. The size of the opening is adapted to the active area of the solar cell to avoid shadows on the area. The heated air of the solar air collector is guided out at the opening 4.
Fig. 2 discloses the same solar air collector in a cross sectional view 5 with a transparent cover 6 in a glass or plastic material which allows rays of sunlight 7 to enter and hit the active area 8 of the solar cell. The solar air collector is mounted on a wall 18.
Fig. 3 discloses the same solar air collector seen from the front 9. The solar air collector is usually mounted on a wall 18 with a small distance between them. The air is drawn in at the rear side of the solar air collector and will usually be drawn in from all sides of the solar air collector. On two sides of the embodiment are mounted perforated side plates 10. The air (illustrated with arrows 11) is drawn through the side plates and in behind the rear side of the solar air collector. The same side plates reduce the wind draft in behind the solar collector.
The solar cell 2 can now dissipate waste heat to the air behind the solar collector 1 and will hereby achieve a better performance in power generation and will at the same time be protected against damaging temperatures which especially may occur when fan operation is switched off and hereby also for the airflow through the solar collector.
An important feature of the present construction is the possibility of replacing a defective solar cell without special intervention into the solar collector.
Fig. 4 discloses the flow of air (arrows 11) through the side plates 10 to intake openings on the rear side of the solar collector (arrows 12). Typically the air is blown into the room behind the wall 18 as illustrated with the arrow 13.
Fig. 5 discloses how the solar cell 2 is pushed in over an opening 3 in the rear side of the solar collector. The solar cell is covered by a plate 14 when it is in place 15 wherein the plate is slightly larger than the solar cell and located in a distance from the solar cell (typically one centimeter). Number 16 illustrates the plate as it covers the solar cell.
Fig. 6 discloses a cross section of the solar air collector 5 seen from the side with the mounted cover plate 14. The typical airflow is illustrated with arrows in a solar heated but inactive and unventilated solar air collector. Cold air (illustrated with arrow 17) is sucked into the solar collector at the bottom by self-circulation and heated air (illustrated with arrow 19) leaves the solar air collector at the top. At the same time with this, there is a self-circulation of the air in the space between the solar cell 2 and the cover plate 14. This process is illustrated in more details in Fig. 7. Fig. 7 discloses a typical airflow in the space 24 between the solar cell 2 and cover plate 14 when the solar air collector is not in active operation in relation to forced ventilation but is subject to sunlight. The temperature on the solar cell will hereby increase and it will submit heat both by heat convection and by heat radiation on the rear side. The cover plate 14 is provided with black felt 23 in order to increase the heat radiation from the solar cell 2 to the cover plate 14. The large surface of the felt also increases the emission of heat to the air which flows by as illustrated in the figure with arrows. Cold air (illustrated with arrow 20) enters at the bottom and flows up through the space 24 as illustrated with more arrows. The heated air leaves at the top 21 and escapes into open air.
The numbers 30 and 31 in the figure illustrate a perforated rear panel plate and an absorber felt, respectively, which provide a typical rear side of a solar air collector.
Fig. 8 discloses a typical airflow in the whole solar air collector 5 and in the space 24 between the solar cell 2 and cover plate 14 when the solar air collector is not in active operation in relation to forced ventilation but is subject to sunlight. The temperature on the solar cell will hereby increase and it will submit heat both by heat convection and by heat radiation to the air in the space 24 i.e. the same process as disclosed in Fig. 7. A significant difference now appears at the top of the cover plate (at 22) where the air in full or partly is sucked in through the rear side of the solar collector. Hereby is no heat wasted or only an insignificant amount.
The arrows 29 illustrate the direction of the air down towards the unifying outlet whereby the air 13 is directed into the building.
The cover plate 14 protects against unnecessary cooling from wind, driving rain and snow cover when the solar air collector is mounted on a roof with the rear side open for weather.
List
1. Solar air collector
2. Solar cell / photovoltaic cell
3. Opening with holding system for a solar cell
4. Heated airflow outlet
5. Inner volume of solar air collector (in a cross sectional view)
6. Transparent plastic or glass cover / front panel
7. Rays of sunlight
8. Active area of the solar cell
9. Solar air collector with perforated side plates (in a front view)
10. Perforated side plates
11. Arrows indicating the flow of air entering the side plates
12. Arrows indicating the flow of air at rear side intake openings into the solar air collector / air intake openings
13. Arrow indicating the heated airflow
14. Cover plate for solar cell
15. Solar cell pushed into place over rear side opening
16. The cover plate covering the solar cell
17. Arrows indicating cold air entering at the bottom of the solar air collector
18. Wall for mounting of the solar air collector
19. Arrows indicating hot air leaving at the top of the solar air collector
20. Cold air entering at the bottom of the space between the solar cell and cover plate
21. Heated air leaving at the top of the space into open air
22. Heated air at the top of the cover plate entering through the rear side of the solar collector
23. Black felt
24. Space between the solar cell and cover plate 29. Arrow indicating the direction of the airflow down towards the unifying outlet
30. Rear side or panel e.g. as a perforated rear plate
31. Absorber felt

Claims

Claims
1. Solar air collector (1) comprising at least one transparent or translucent front panel (6), and a rear panel (30) wherein said front and rear panel enclose an inner volume (5) in the solar air collector, an air intake opening (12) for intake of air from the surroundings to said inner volume (5) in the solar air collector, an air outlet opening (4) for outlet of air to the surroundings from said inner volume (5) in the solar air collector, an electric fan arranged for directing an airflow through said inner volume (5) from said air intake opening (12) to said air outlet opening (4), and a solar cell panel (2) including photovoltaic cells (8) electrically connected to said electric fan to operate this, characterized in that said solar cell panel (2) is located in said rear panel in such a way that it is replaceable from the outer side of the rear panel and the solar air collector is designed such that the photovoltaic cells (8) of said solar cell panel (2) can receive light from the surroundings via said front panel (6).
2. Solar air collector (1) according to claim 1, wherein said rear panel comprises an opening (3), wherein said solar cell (2) is located in said rear panel in such a way that the rear side of said solar cell panel (2) can dissipate heat to the exterior of the solar air collector.
3. Solar air collector (1) according to claim 2, wherein said opening (3) is of such a size that the rear side of said solar cell panel (2) is substantially exposed to the surroundings of the solar air collector.
4. Solar air collector (1) according to claim 2 or 3, which further comprises a cover plate (14) that is located behind the rear side of said solar cell panel (2) in a distance hereof, wherein the distance between the cover plate (14) and the rear side of said solar cell panel (2) preferably is between 0.5 and 2.5 centimeters such that an airflow between the cover plate (14) and the rear side of said solar cell panel (2) is possible for cooling of the latter.
5. Solar air collector (1) according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the edges of said opening (3) are provided with rails for holding edges of said solar cell panel (2) in such a way that said solar cell panel (2) can substantially parallel of the extension plane of said rear panel slide in and out of its location.
6. Solar air collector (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part of said air intake opening (12) is provided in said rear panel preferably in the form of a perforation in at least a portion of the rear panel.
7. Solar air collector (1) according to any of the preceding claims, which further comprises at least one side plate (10) extending in a plane substantially parallel with a plane of which the solar air collector extends in, and which extends next to said front panel (6) of the solar air collector wherein the side plate or side plates are arranged so that air during operation of said fan of the solar air collector can be heated by contact with said at least one side plate and then drawn in through said air intake opening (12).
8. Solar air collector (1) according to claim 7, wherein said at least one side plate (10) includes a perforation such that air during operation of said fan of the solar air collector can be heated by contact with said side plate or side plates and then drawn in through an air intake opening located in said rear panel.
PCT/DK2014/050100 2013-04-16 2014-04-15 Solar air collector WO2014169922A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201300226A DK177894B1 (en) 2013-04-16 2013-04-16 Solar panel with solar cell integrated in back
DKPA201300226 2013-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014169922A1 true WO2014169922A1 (en) 2014-10-23

Family

ID=50630544

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (2)

Country Link
DK (1) DK177894B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014169922A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018233791A1 (en) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-27 Udlejer Hans Jørgen Christensen Air collector and method for providing an air collector with a heat recovery unit

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2230697A1 (en) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-22 SAVIO S.p.A. Ventilated photovoltaic receiver
US20100288265A1 (en) * 2007-07-07 2010-11-18 Carsten Lund Madsen Solar collector panel with temperature controlled bi-directional airflow
WO2011063810A2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Christensen Hans Joergen Improvement of a solar collector panel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100288265A1 (en) * 2007-07-07 2010-11-18 Carsten Lund Madsen Solar collector panel with temperature controlled bi-directional airflow
EP2230697A1 (en) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-22 SAVIO S.p.A. Ventilated photovoltaic receiver
WO2011063810A2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2011-06-03 Christensen Hans Joergen Improvement of a solar collector panel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018233791A1 (en) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-27 Udlejer Hans Jørgen Christensen Air collector and method for providing an air collector with a heat recovery unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK177894B1 (en) 2014-11-24
DK201300226A1 (en) 2014-10-17

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