WO2014169430A1 - 防逆流针筒式真空采血器 - Google Patents

防逆流针筒式真空采血器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014169430A1
WO2014169430A1 PCT/CN2013/074251 CN2013074251W WO2014169430A1 WO 2014169430 A1 WO2014169430 A1 WO 2014169430A1 CN 2013074251 W CN2013074251 W CN 2013074251W WO 2014169430 A1 WO2014169430 A1 WO 2014169430A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blood collection
syringe
puncture
blood
tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/074251
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建铭
Original Assignee
Zhang Jianming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Jianming filed Critical Zhang Jianming
Priority to PCT/CN2013/074251 priority Critical patent/WO2014169430A1/zh
Priority to CN201380075603.1A priority patent/CN105142521B/zh
Publication of WO2014169430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014169430A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/153—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. with syringes
    • A61B5/154—Devices using pre-evacuated means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/15003—Source of blood for venous or arterial blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
    • A61B5/150221—Valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150389—Hollow piercing elements, e.g. canulas, needles, for piercing the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150503—Single-ended needles
    • A61B5/150519—Details of construction of hub, i.e. element used to attach the single-ended needle to a piercing device or sampling device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150572—Pierceable protectors, e.g. shields, caps, sleeves or films, e.g. for hygienic purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150633—Protective sleeves which are axially extensible, e.g. sleeves connected to, or integrated in, the piercing or driving device; pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150641—Protective sleeves which are axially extensible, e.g. sleeves connected to, or integrated in, the piercing or driving device; pivotable protective sleeves comprising means to impede repositioning of protection sleeve from covering to uncovering position
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150732—Needle holders, for instance for holding the needle by the hub, used for example with double-ended needle and pre-evacuated tube

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a human external vacuum blood collection device for clinical medical treatment, in particular to a backflow prevention syringe type vacuum blood collection device.
  • a syringe type vacuum blood collection device in the prior art is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and includes a vascular puncture needle 11 and a puncture needle holder 12 , blood collection needle 21, blood collection needle holder 22, soft connection tube 3, vacuum blood collection tube 4 and a transparent cylindrical syringe 5 .
  • the puncture needle holder 12 is located at the front end of the syringe 5 and can be fixed to the syringe 5
  • the puncture needle holder is slidable relative to the syringe 5 when it is a safety type with needle tip protection.
  • the blood collection needle holder 22 is fixed to the inner front wall of the syringe 5, and the two needle holders are connected by a soft connecting tube 3, and the needle barrel 5
  • the rear end of the cylindrical cavity is open, and the vacuum blood collection tube 4 can be freely inserted into the cylindrical cavity.
  • the needle tube 11 is first pierced into the blood vessel, and after the blood is returned through the soft connecting tube 3, the needle is held by one hand.
  • the other hand inserts the front end of the vacuum blood collection tube 4 into the cylindrical cavity of the syringe, and inserts it inwardly to allow the blood collection needle tube 21 to pass through the vacuum blood collection tube sealing rubber plug 41
  • the above-mentioned blood collection needle piercing process needs to overcome two resistances: one is the rebound force generated by the anti-drip rubber sleeve 23, and the anti-drip rubber sleeve 23 is coated on the blood collection needle tube 21 On the tip of the needle; the second is the needle through the vacuum blood collection tube sealing rubber plug 41 Frictional resistance.
  • the operation force of pushing the vacuum blood collection tube must be large, so that the phenomenon of vacuum blood collection tube sloshing and unstable cylinder clamping is easy to occur, and the needle tip can be directly caused by shaking or unstable clamping.
  • one of the puncture needle assembly and the blood collection needle assembly that has been connected with the hose is first assembled into the inner cavity of the cylindrical syringe, and is fixedly fixed. , and then assemble another component, because the inner cavity of the cylindrical syringe is relatively small, it is bound to bring about poor assembly process and low efficiency.
  • the negative pressure of the vacuum blood collection tube is set according to the amount of blood collected.
  • the blood-sucking band needs to be ligated first, and the intravascular pressure rises at the lower end of the limb of the tight-fitting blood-sucking belt, the blood-sucking needle is inserted into the elbow vein, and the blood flows into the negative pressure state vacuum blood collection tube, and the preset negative pressure is exhausted.
  • intravascular pressure Vacuum blood collection tube internal pressure.
  • the blood-striping belt is removed, the intravascular pressure is rapidly reduced, and the blood pressure is returned to the normal pressure.
  • the blood collection device has not withdrawn from the blood vessel, and the intravascular pressure is measured. Intravascular pressure may cause the blood to be taken back into the blood vessel and the risk of infection.
  • Anti-countercurrent syringe type vacuum blood collection device further object of the present invention is to provide a backflow-proof syringe type vacuum blood collection device which is convenient to apply, has difficulty in generating sloshing and is easy to operate during operation, and is further provided by the present invention.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following route.
  • the utility model comprises a vascular puncture needle, a puncture needle seat, a blood collection needle tube, a blood collection needle holder and a cylindrical needle tube.
  • the core chamber of the puncture needle hub is connected with the core chamber of the blood collection needle seat and serves as a blood collection channel, and the vacuum blood collection tube can be inserted behind the syringe barrel.
  • the main point of the composition is that a blood flow prevention passage for preventing reverse flow of blood is provided on the blood passage of the puncture needle holder or the blood collection needle holder.
  • the technical solution described in the present invention can be used whether the puncture needle holder is fixed on the syringe or can be slid back relative to the syringe; likewise, whether the blood collection needle holder is fixed on the syringe or can be opposite to the needle
  • the technical solution described in the present invention can also be used for the cylinder to slide back.
  • the object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following means.
  • the anti-backflow valve is mounted on the blood collection needle holder and is a diaphragm type check valve.
  • the backflow prevention valve is mounted on the blood collection needle holder to prevent blood from flowing back in the first place.
  • the diaphragm type one-way valve is composed of a film and a fixed ear, the outer diameter of the diaphragm is larger than the blood passage in the blood collection needle seat, and the front side thereof is in contact with a step surface in the blood passage, and the fixed ear and the blood collection needle holder are fixed.
  • the fixing tongue on the film presses against one side of the film, and the other side of the film oscillates backwards under negative pressure to give out the blood passage.
  • the diaphragm is restored by its own elasticity and the step surface is closed to close the liquid passage. .
  • the diaphragm when the pressure is positive, that is, if the liquid pressure on the outlet side of the check valve is greater than the pressure on the liquid side of the check valve, the diaphragm is pressed tightly to the bottom plane of the needle cavity to close the liquid passage to prevent the liquid from flowing backward.
  • the anti-countercurrent syringe type vacuum blood collection device further comprises a soft connecting tube, and the core chamber of the puncture needle holder and the core chamber of the blood collecting needle seat are connected through the soft connecting tube.
  • the puncture needle hub is a member which is installed in the inner cavity of the syringe and can be slidably displaced, and is used for preventing the puncture needle tube which is retracted into the inner cavity of the syringe from colliding with the reverse stop structure of the syringe. In the lumen of the barrel.
  • the puncture needle after the puncture is retracted into the inner cavity of the syringe and is restricted from escaping to prevent the infection from being stabbed by others.
  • the reverse stopping direction of the backstop structure is the same as the reverse stopping direction of the anti-backflow valve described above.
  • the backstop construction is made up of 2-5
  • the piece is distributed in the circumferential direction and extends along the axial direction of the tongue piece and the partition wall, and the root of the tongue piece is connected with the partition wall, and the partition wall is closed and closed in the cavity outside the tongue piece, and the plurality of tongue pieces are gathered together to form a tip.
  • Two pieces of tongue are gathered together to form a sharp horn, and 3-5
  • the tongue pieces are formed together to form a cone-shaped tip shape, and the sharp-angled or the tapered-point shape has the effect of closing together, and the needle tip is difficult to pass through the tip and the corner of the closed closed corner, and the closed-close and reverse pressure acts.
  • the sharp and angular structure of the closed and closed edges and the isolation and sealing of the partition wall to the cavity other than the tongue also make the backstop structure have a preliminary anti-backflow effect. Therefore, it complements the anti-backflow valve to make the anti-backflow effect better.
  • the anti-backflow syringe type vacuum blood collection device further comprises a puncture sliding arm, a puncture pushing hand and a puncture chute, the puncture needle tube, the puncture needle seat, the puncture sliding arm and the puncture pushing hand constitute a puncture component which slides relative to the syringe, and the puncture One end of the sliding arm is connected or integrated with the puncture needle seat, and the other end is connected to the puncture pusher outside the syringe after passing through the puncture chute, and the puncture chute is located at the lower side of the syringe and extends along the axial direction of the syringe.
  • the entire puncture assembly can be inserted from the front end or the rear end of the syringe and inserted into the syringe, and the assembly process is good.
  • the slit width of the process mounting groove B is slightly narrower than the groove width of the puncture chute.
  • the installation process slot is opened by the elastic deformation during installation.
  • the puncture arm is inserted, and the groove width of the puncture chute corresponds to the arm width of the puncture arm, so that the process installation groove B It can also be used as a resilient tab for a smooth sliding puncture arm in the puncture chute without even having to close the process mounting slot B afterwards.
  • the blood collection needle tube, the blood collection needle holder, the blood collection sliding arm, and the blood collection pusher constitute a blood collection component, and the blood collection component is mounted on the syringe in a sliding manner relative to the syringe, and the blood collection needle tube and the blood collection needle holder are located in the inner cavity of the syringe, and the blood collection sliding arm is worn.
  • the blood collection chute on the side wall of the syringe is connected to the blood collection needle holder and the blood collection pusher, and the blood collection pusher is located outside the syringe, and the blood collection chute extends along the axial direction of the syringe.
  • the vacuum blood collection tube in the inner cavity of the ejector needle pushes the blood collection pusher backward, so that the two-way operation force is not only large in operation force but also convenient in force application and stable in operation.
  • auxiliary pusher that is coupled to the vacuum blood collection tube in a manner that limits the degree of freedom of movement of the vacuum blood collection tube, the auxiliary pusher being located behind the blood collection pusher.
  • the blood collection operation can be easily performed by holding the blood collection pusher and the auxiliary pusher with the fingers of one hand and applying the close operation.
  • the auxiliary pusher can be distributed to the front and the back with respect to the side of the blood collection, or can be distributed back and forth.
  • the auxiliary pusher may be composed of a ring and an upper extension flap thereof, and the inner diameter of the ring is between the outer diameter of the blood vessel tube body and the outer diameter of the blood collection tube sealing rubber sheath, and the vacuum is taken by the ring.
  • the end of the blood vessel is inserted into its tubular body and continues forward until it comes into contact with the sealing rubber sheath and contacts the sealing rubber sheath.
  • the cylindrical cavity at the rear of the barrel has a stop face of the vacuum blood collection tube and is supported by the stop surface The contact of the front end face of the sealant plug prevents the advancement of the vacuum blood collection tube.
  • the vacuum blood collection tube is no longer pushed forward during the clinical operation, but the blood collection needle holder is retracted one way.
  • the auxiliary pusher can be used as a matching of the blood collection pusher to facilitate the application of the blood collection pusher.
  • the inner cavity of the syringe is provided with three reinforcing ribs which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and extend in the axial direction, and the rear end surface of the reinforcing rib serves as a stopping surface of the vacuum blood collecting tube.
  • Cylindrical syringe front end opening a process mounting slot A Or extending axially from the front end of the syringe or from the rear end of the barrel to the blood collection chute, and the blood collection arm is installed from the process slot A. Inserted and entered into the blood collection chute and thereby, the blood collection component is axially inserted and nested, and the junction of the blood collection needle holder and the soft connection tube is located at the front end of the blood collection needle holder or at the side of the blood collection needle holder. The front end of the syringe is covered with a front cover.
  • the front end of the syringe is opened, and the connection between the soft connecting tube and the blood collecting needle holder is implemented in a visually visible situation and in a loose installation environment.
  • install process tank A The setting allows the blood collection component to be assembled in advance and assembled with the syringe, so that the assembly process is greatly improved.
  • the slit width of the process mounting groove A is slightly narrower than the groove width of the blood collecting chute.
  • the installation process groove is opened by the elastic deformation during installation.
  • A plugging the blood collecting arm, and the groove width of the blood collecting chute corresponds to the arm width of the blood collecting sliding arm, thus, the process installation slot A It can also be used as a resilient tab of a smooth slipping blood-sliding arm in a blood-sucking chute without even having to close the process mounting slot A afterwards.
  • the blood collection slide arm is composed of two support arms and an arc arm that is curved across the two support arms, and one end of the support arm is fixedly connected or integrated with the blood collection needle holder. The other end extends outwardly to be connected or integrally formed with the arc arm after passing through the corresponding blood collection chute.
  • the two support arms are arranged to the left and right, and the arc arm is outside the syringe and the blood collection needle is in the syringe.
  • the three are connected or integrally constructed into a closed loop structure, and the overall rigidity is good, and the left and right support arms ensure the slippage of the blood collection component. stability.
  • the inner side of the arc arm is fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder.
  • the blood collection component can smoothly slide relative to the syringe and integrate with the syringe, and the blood collection component has some sliding damping, and the operation feel is good.
  • One of the two support arms extends radially outward, and the other support arm extends obliquely upward and then extends outward in the chordwise direction.
  • the support arm extending radially outward is simple in structure. Extending obliquely upward and then extending outwardly in the chordwise direction allows for a larger space under the support arm that can be used to accommodate the puncture hub assembly.
  • the present invention has the advantage over the prior art that blood reverse flow can be prevented.
  • the operation force is large and the force is convenient and the operation is stable.
  • the structure is reasonable and the assembly process is good.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device in a state in which the blood collection needle tube is not pierced in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device in the state in which the blood collection needle tube has been pierced in the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a backflow prevention syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of the puncture needle holder and the blood collection needle holder of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of the syringe structure of Figure 3
  • Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of the syringe in the other direction of Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of the blood collection slide arm and the blood collection pusher of Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic perspective view of the auxiliary pusher structure of Figure 3
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the anti-countercurrent syringe type vacuum blood collection device in the state of puncture of the blood collection needle tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the backstop structure of Figure 3
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the installation of the anti-backflow valve of Figure 3 on the blood collection needle holder
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the blood collection needle holder with a diaphragm type one-way valve in Figure 3.
  • the anti-countercurrent syringe vacuum blood collection device includes a vascular puncture needle 11 , a puncture needle hub 12 , and a blood collection needle tube 21 , blood collection needle holder 22, soft connection tube 3 and a cylindrical syringe 5, soft connection tube 3 is connected to the puncture needle holder 12 and the blood collection needle holder 22, and the vacuum blood collection tube 4 can be inserted into the syringe 5
  • the blood collection needle tube 21, the blood collection needle holder 22, the blood collection slide arm, and the blood collection push handle 25 constitute a blood collection component
  • the blood collection assembly is slidably mounted on the syringe 5 relative to the syringe 5
  • the blood collection needle tube 21 and the blood collection needle holder 22 are located in the inner cavity of the syringe 5, and the blood collection sliding arm passes through the blood collection chute 52 on the side wall of the syringe 5 to connect the blood collection needle holder 22 and the blood collection push handle 25, and the blood collection push hand
  • Puncture needle 11 , puncture needle hub 12 , puncture slide arm 13 and puncture pusher 14 Forming a puncture assembly for preventing the puncture needle tube retracted into the inner cavity of the syringe from colliding with the reverse stop structure of the syringe 6 is disposed in the inner cavity of the syringe before the puncture needle holder 12, and the end of the puncture slide arm 13 and the puncture needle holder 12 Connected and integrated, the other end passes through the puncture chute 54 and is connected to the puncture pusher 14 outside the syringe 5, and the puncture chute 54 is located at the lower side of the syringe 5 and along the syringe 5 Axial extension.
  • auxiliary pusher 8 that is coupled to the vacuum blood collection tube 4 in a manner that limits the degree of freedom of movement of the vacuum blood collection tube 4, the auxiliary pusher 8 being located at the blood collection pusher 25 The rear.
  • the auxiliary pusher 8 can be distributed to the front and rear sides of the same side, or can be distributed back and forth. The figure shows the distribution of the same side to the front and back.
  • the auxiliary pusher 8 is composed of a ring 82 and an upper portion thereof extending toward the epitaxial tab 81.
  • the inner diameter of the ring 82 is between the outer diameter of the tube of the vacuum blood collection tube 4 and the outer diameter of the sheath sealing rubber sheath 42.
  • the cylindrical cavity at the rear of the syringe 5 has a stop face of the vacuum blood collection tube 4 and is supported by the stop surface.
  • the contact of the front end face of the sealant plug 42 prevents the advancement of the vacuum blood collection tube 4.
  • the inner cavity of the barrel 5 is provided with three reinforcing ribs 51 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and extend in the axial direction, and the rear end surface of the reinforcing rib serves as a stopping surface of the vacuum blood collecting tube 4.
  • the front end of the cylindrical barrel 5 is open, and a process mounting groove A53 is taken from the syringe 5
  • the front end opening extends axially to the blood collection chute 52, and the blood collection slide arm is inserted from the process mounting slot A53 until it enters the blood collection chute 52 and thereby, the blood collection assembly and the syringe 5
  • the axial insertion and the nesting are performed, and the connection between the blood collection needle holder 22 and the soft connecting tube 3 is located at the front end portion of the blood collection needle holder 22, and the front cover 9 is closed at the front end of the syringe 5.
  • Process mounting slot A53 The slit width is slightly narrower than the groove width of the blood collection chute 52.
  • the blood collecting sliding arm is composed of two supporting arms 241 and an arc arm 242 which is curvedly bridged between the two supporting arms 241, and the supporting arm
  • One end of the 241 is integrally formed with the blood collection needle holder 22, and the other end extends outwardly to pass through the corresponding blood collection chute 52 and is integrally formed with the arc arm 242.
  • Arc arm 242 inside and syringe 5 The outer peripheral surface corresponds to the fit.
  • One of the two support arms 241 extends radially outward and the other support arm 241 First, it extends obliquely upward and then extends outward in the direction of the string. And extending upwardly obliquely and then extending outward in the direction of the chord may be on the support arm 241
  • the lower part gives up a larger space that can be used to accommodate the puncture hub assembly.
  • a process mounting groove B55 extends axially from the rear end opening of the barrel 5 to the piercing chute 54 Throughout, the piercing slide arm 13 is inserted from the process mounting groove B55 until it enters the piercing chute 54 and thereby, the piercing assembly and the syringe connected to the soft connecting pipe 3 are 5 Axial insertion and nesting. Thus, the entire puncture assembly is inserted into the flexible connecting tube 3 which has been connected thereto and inserted from the rear end of the barrel and inserted into the barrel.
  • the slot width of the process mounting slot B55 is slightly narrower than the piercing chute 54 Slot width.
  • a resilient convex card 56 is provided, and the bump on the elastic convex card 56 can be coupled with the puncture arm 13
  • the corresponding corresponding pit (not shown) is snapped to further restrict the movement of the puncture needle hub 12 after the retraction is in place.
  • a backflow prevention valve 7 for preventing reverse flow of blood is provided on the blood passage of the blood collection needle holder.
  • Anti-backflow valve 7 is a diaphragm type check valve.
  • the diaphragm type one-way valve is composed of a film 71 and a fixing ear 72.
  • the outer diameter of the film 71 is larger than the blood passage in the blood collection needle holder 22 and the front side thereof is in contact with a step surface in the blood passage, and the fixing ear 72 and the blood collecting needle are fixed.
  • the seat is integrally formed, and the fixing tongue on the film presses against one side of the film, and the other side of the film oscillates backwards under negative pressure to form a large angle with the step surface to allow blood passage, pressure balance or positive pressure film
  • the original shape is restored by its own elasticity and the step surface is closed to close the liquid passage.
  • a puncture stop structure 6 is mounted in the puncture needle hub 12, and the checkback structure 6 is composed of two symmetrically disposed tongues 61 and a retaining ring 62.
  • the ring wall of the retaining ring 62 is a kind a partition wall, the root of the tongue is integrally formed with the ring wall, and a cavity other than the tongue is closed by the ring wall,
  • the backstop structure is fixed to the front end portion of the inner cavity of the syringe 5 in front of the puncture needle holder 12 by the fixing ring 62.
  • the two symmetrical tongues 61 are closed and have a pointed shape to prevent the retraction of the puncture needle holder 12 from retracting.
  • the puncture needle 11 in the lumen of the syringe 5 escapes in the reverse direction.
  • the puncture needle tube assembly that is fixedly connected with the connecting hose is inserted into the inner cavity of the syringe operating sleeve, and the puncture sliding arm of the puncture needle tube assembly is inserted through the process mounting groove B, and the elastic protrusion of the rear end of the puncture chute is pushed open.
  • the card allows the puncture slide arm to enter the puncture chute, and at the same time, the puncture needle penetrates into the lower pin hole of the syringe, and the puncture needle assembly continues to slide forward to the foremost end; then the two support arms of the blood collection needle assembly are respectively inserted through the process Install the slot A, and then remove the other end of the connecting hose through the large round hole at the opening of the front end of the syringe to be fixed to the blood collection needle assembly. From the perspective of the entire assembly process, the new blood collection device is much easier to assemble and the efficiency is greatly improved.
  • the vacuum blood collection tube is first inserted into the ring of the blood collection tube to push the hand to the rear end surface of the protective sleeve and the end surface of the ring is abutted, and the blood collection device is punctured into the blood vessel, and after seeing the blood back from the transparent hose, one hand is light.
  • the needle is held gently, and the other hand inserts the blood collection tube from the rear end of the syringe to the front end surface of the blood collection tube and hits the rear end surface of the inner rib of the operation sleeve.
  • the female finger and the index finger are moved to the blood collection pusher and the auxiliary pusher flap, the thumb.
  • the blood collection tube cannot advance and retreat, and the blood collection needle tube assembly can move freely in the inner cavity of the syringe through the sliding arm of the blood collection tube.
  • the blood collection needle can penetrate the anti-drip rubber sleeve and the blood collection tube sealing rubber plug, and the needle tip penetrates into the blood collection tube to start blood collection, and the blood collection ends.
  • the blood-sucking belt is removed, and the intravascular pressure at the puncture site is rapidly lowered.
  • the blood collection device has not withdrawn from the blood vessel, and the intravascular pressure is measured >
  • Intravascular pressure due to the intervention of the anti-backflow valve, the blood that has been taken will not return to the blood vessel and the risk of infection occurs.

Abstract

一种防逆流针筒式真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针管（11）、穿刺针座（12）、采血针管（21）、采血针座（22）和筒形针筒（5）。穿刺针座（12）芯腔与采血针座（22）芯腔连通并作为采血通道，真空采血管（4）可以插置在针筒（5）后部的筒形空腔中。其组成要点在于，在穿刺针座（12）或采血针座（22）的血液通道上设置有一种防止血液逆向溢出的防逆流阀（7）。与现有技术相比，该真空采血器可防止血液逆流，操作力大并且施力方便，操作稳固，结构合理，组装工艺性好。

Description

防逆流针筒式真空采血器 说明书
技术领域
本发明涉及 临床医疗上 一种人体外真空采血器械，特别是一种防逆流针筒式真空采血器。
背景技术
现有技术中的 一种针筒式真空采血器如图 1 、图 2 所示，包括血管穿刺针管 11 、穿刺针座 12 、采血针管 21 、采血针座 22 、软连接管 3 、真空采血管 4 和一种透明筒形针筒 5 。穿刺针座 12 位于针筒 5 前端，可固定在针筒 5 上；当为具有针尖保护的安全型时，该穿刺针座可相对针筒 5 滑动。采血针座 22 固接于针筒 5 内部前端壁上，两种针座之间通过软连接管 3 连通，针筒 5 后部的筒形空腔后端开放，真空采血管 4 可自由插入筒形空腔中。
在临床使用中，首先穿刺针管 11 刺入血管，通过软连接管 3 见回血后，一只手夹持针筒 5 ，另一只手再将真空采血管 4 前端插入针筒筒形空腔内，用力往里插入，让采血针管 21 穿过真空采血管密封胶塞 41 ，达到采血目的。上述采血针管刺穿过程需克服两个阻力：一是防滴胶套 23 受压而产生的反弹力，该防滴胶套 23 包覆在采血针管 21 针尖上；二是针管穿过真空采血管密封胶塞 41 的摩擦阻力。为克服该两个阻力而前推真空采血管的操作力所需必然较大，这样容易产生真空采血管晃动以及针筒夹持不稳的现象，无论是晃动还是夹持不稳都会直接导致针尖划伤血管内膜或穿破血管危险，这两种情况都令血管进一步受到损害，易引发炎症。
该现有技术在临床使用中还存在一不足，在组装工艺上，需将已连接好软管的穿刺针组件与采血针组件之一，先装配进筒形针筒内腔中，并固定稳固，再装配另一组件，由于筒形针筒内腔比较狭小，势必带来组装工艺性不好和效率低下问题。
真空采血管的负压量是根据采血量而设置的。在临床使用中，由于需先扎上驱血带，而在扎紧的驱血带肢体下端血管内压上升，采血针介入肘静脉后血液流入负压状态真空采血管内，预置负压耗尽采血结束，此时，血管内压 = 真空采血管内压。采血终了，摘下驱血带，血管内压迅速降低，重新回到常压，此时采血器还未退出血管，而采血管内压 > 血管内压，有可能致使已采取的血液再回到血管内而发生感染危险。
发明构成
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足之处，而 提供一种 可防止血液逆流的 防逆流针筒式真空采血器；本发明的进一步目的在于 提供一种施力方便、操作过程不易产生晃动不稳而便于操作的 防逆流针筒式真空采血器；本发明的再一步目的在于提供一种 结构更合理且组装工艺性更好的 滑移采血针座的针筒式真空采血器。
本发明的目的是通过以下途径来实现的。
防逆流针筒式真空采血器， 包括血管穿刺针管、穿刺针座、采血针管、采血针座和一种筒形针筒，穿刺针座芯腔与采血针座芯腔连通并作为采血通道，真空采血管可以插置在针筒后部的筒形空腔中，其组成要点在于：在穿刺针座或采血针座的血液通道上设置有一种防止血液逆向溢出的防逆流阀。
这样，可以防止采血完毕、扎血带松开瞬间，真空采血管相对人体采血部位的瞬间正压而导致的血液逆流。
无论穿刺针座是固定在针筒上，还是可以相对针筒作滑移后退都可以使用本发明所述的这种技术方案；同样，无论采血针座是固定在针筒上，还是可以相对针筒作滑移后退也都可以使用本发明所述的这种技术方案。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下途径来实现。
防逆流阀有多种选择，现有技术多见，以下是一种优化选择：
防逆流阀安装在采血针座上，是一种膜片式单向阀。
防逆流阀安装在采血针座上，可以在第一时间阻止血液逆流。
膜片式单向阀由薄膜和固定耳构成，膜片外径大于采血针座内的血液通道并且其前侧面与血液通道中的一台阶面接触贴合，固定耳与采血针座固接，其上的固定舌压住薄膜一侧面，薄膜对应的另一侧面在负压时向后摆动让出血液通道，压力平衡或正压时膜片靠自身弹性恢复原形与台阶面贴触关闭液体通道。
这样，正压时，即若单向阀出液侧液体压力一旦大于单向阀进液体侧压力，膜片受压与针座内腔底平面紧密贴合，封闭液体通道，阻止液体逆向流动。
所述 防逆流针筒式真空采血器还包括一种软连接管， 穿刺针座芯腔与采血针座芯腔通过此软连接管连通。
穿刺针座是一种安装在针筒内腔中并可滑动位移的构件，用于防止退入针筒内腔中的穿刺针管逆向逸出针筒的逆止构造设置在穿刺针座前的针筒内腔中。
这样，穿刺完毕后的穿刺针管得以退入针筒内腔中并被限制其中不予逸出以免刺伤他人造成感染。
这种逆止构造的逆向止进方向与前述的防逆流阀逆向止进方向相同。
这种逆止构造的进一步优化是：
逆止构造是由 2-5 片沿圆周方向均布并沿轴向延伸的舌片以及隔离壁组成，舌片根部与该隔离壁连接，隔离壁隔离封闭在舌片以外的空腔中，该复数个舌片并拢后形成尖角状或锥尖状，尖角状或锥角状朝后与退入到针筒内腔中的穿刺针尖相对。
两片舌片并拢后形成尖角状，而 3-5 片舌片并拢后形成锥尖状，无论是尖角状还是锥尖状都具有并拢闭合的效果，不但针尖难以从并拢闭合的尖、角处逆向穿出，而且这种并拢闭合以及逆向压力作用使其越发并拢闭合的尖、角构造以及隔离壁对舌片以外的空腔的隔离封闭，也使该逆止构造兼具初步的防逆流效果。从而与防逆流阀相辅相成，使防逆流效果更好。
所述防逆流针筒式真空采血器还包括有一种穿刺滑臂、穿刺推手以及穿刺滑槽，穿刺针管、穿刺针座、穿刺滑臂和穿刺推手组成一种相对针筒滑动的穿刺组件，穿刺滑臂一端与穿刺针座连接或一体构造，另一端穿过穿刺滑槽后与针筒外的穿刺推手连接，穿刺滑槽位于针筒侧下部并沿针筒轴向延伸。
筒形针筒前端开口，一种工艺安装槽 B 或者从针筒前端或者从针筒后端沿轴向延伸至与穿刺滑槽通连，穿刺滑臂从此工艺安装槽 B 插入并直至进入穿刺滑槽并藉此，与软连接管连接完毕的穿刺组件与针筒轴向插置并套叠，针筒前端开口盖合有前盖。
这样，整个穿刺组件带同已经与其连接完毕的软连接管得以从针筒的前端或者后端插入并与针筒插置连接，组装工艺性好。
工艺安装槽 B 的开缝宽度略窄于穿刺滑槽的槽宽。
这样，借助于工艺安装槽 B 前端的开口以及针筒塑胶材料的弹性，在安装时借助这种弹性变形张开此安装工艺槽 B ，塞过穿刺滑臂，而穿刺滑槽的槽宽与穿刺滑臂的臂宽对应，这样，工艺安装槽 B 又可以作为在穿刺滑槽中的顺畅滑移的穿刺滑臂的弹性突卡而甚至无需在事后塞闭该工艺安装槽 B 。
为实现本发明的进一步目的作如下优化：
采血针管、采血针座以及采血滑臂、采血推手组成采血组件，该采血组件以可相对针筒滑动方式安装在针筒上，采血针管、采血针座位于针筒内腔中，采血滑臂穿过针筒侧壁上的采血滑槽内外连接采血针座和采血推手，采血推手位于针筒外，采血滑槽沿针筒轴向延伸。
临床使用时，在穿刺结束后前顶针筒内腔中的真空采血管的同时向后推动采血推手，这样双向作用操作力不但操作力大而且施力方便、操作稳固。
还包括一种辅助推手，此辅助推手以限制真空采血管向后移动自由度的方式与真空采血管连接，该辅助推手位于采血推手的后方。
这样，以单手之手指分别捏持采血推手和辅助推手并施以靠拢操作即可轻松进行采血穿透作业。
该辅助推手相对采血推手可以同侧面对面前后分布，也可以上下侧前后分布。
该辅助推手可以是由一圆环和其上一个往外延展翼片构成，圆环内径介于采血管管体外径和采血管密封胶塞防护套外径之间，藉着该圆环自真空采血管尾端套入其管体并继续往前直至与密封胶塞防护套靠触而与密封胶塞防护套触接。
这样，通过圆环与密封胶塞防护套尾端面的触接并前推翼片得以前推真空采血管。
针筒后部的筒形空腔中具有真空采血管的止进面并藉着此止进面与 密封胶塞防护套前端面的触接阻止真空采血管的前进。
止进面介入后，临床操作过程中真空采血管不再前推，只是采血针座单向后退，此时辅助推手可作为采血推手的配搭便于采血推手的施力。
针筒内腔设置有三条加强筋，该三条加强筋沿周向均布并沿轴向延伸，加强筋后端面作为真空采血管的止进面。
筒形针筒前端开口，一种工艺安装槽 A 或者从针筒前端或者从针筒后端沿轴向延伸至与采血滑槽通连，采血滑臂从此工艺安装槽 A 插入并直至进入采血滑槽并藉此，采血组件与针筒轴向插置并套叠，采血针座与软连接管的连接处或者位于采血针座的前端部或者位于采血针座的侧部，针筒前端开口盖合有前盖。
针筒前端开口，在目力可视情境下并在较宽松的安装环境下实施软连接管与采血针座的连接。而安装工艺槽 A 的设置，得以让采血组件事先组装完毕再与针筒组装，使组装工艺性大为提高。
工艺安装槽 A 的开缝宽度略窄于采血滑槽的槽宽。
这样，借助于工艺安装槽 A 前端的开口以及针筒塑胶材料的弹性，在安装时借助这种弹性变形张开此安装工艺槽 A ，塞过采血滑臂，而采血滑槽的槽宽与采血滑臂的臂宽对应，这样，工艺安装槽 A 又可以作为在采血滑槽中的顺畅滑移的采血滑臂的弹性突卡而甚至无需在事后塞闭该工艺安装槽 A 。
采血滑槽共有两个，相对设置在针筒的两侧，采血滑臂由两个支撑臂以及弧形跨接两支撑臂的弧臂组成，支撑臂一端与采血针座固接或一体构造，另一端向外延伸至穿过与其对应的采血滑槽后与弧臂连接或一体构造。
这样，两支撑臂左右设置、而弧臂在针筒外、采血针座在针筒内，三者连接或一体构造成闭环构造，整体刚性好，而左右支撑臂又保证了采血组件滑移的稳定性。
弧臂内侧与针筒外周面对应贴合。
这样，组装完毕后，采血组件既能相对针筒顺畅滑移又与针筒浑然一体且又使采血组件带有一些滑移阻尼，操作手感好。
两支撑臂中的其中之一沿径向向外延伸，另一支撑臂先向斜上方延伸后再沿弦切方向向外延伸。
沿径向向外延伸的支撑臂结构简单。而先向斜上方延伸再沿弦切方向向外延伸可以在该支撑臂下方让出一块较大的空间，此空间可用于容纳穿刺针座组件。
综上所述，本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点：可防止血液逆流。操作力大而且施力方便、操作稳固。结构合理、组装工艺性好。
附图说明
图 1 是现有技术中一种针筒式真空采血器在采血针管未刺穿状态下的结构示意图
图 2 是现有技术中一种针筒式真空采血器在采血针管已刺穿状态下的结构示意图
图 3 是本发明实施例所述防逆流 针筒式真空采血器的结构示意图
图4是图3中的穿刺针座与采血针座的结构示意立体图
图5是图3中的针筒结构示意立体图
图6是图3中的针筒另一方向的结构示意立体图
图7是图3中的采血滑臂与采血推手的结构示意立体图
图8是图3中的辅助推手结构示意立体图
图9是 本发明实施例所述防逆流 针筒式真空采血器在采血针管刺穿状态下的的结构示意图
图10是图3中的逆止构造结构示意图
图11是图3中的防逆流阀在采血针座上的安装示意图
图12是图3中的带有膜片式单向阀固定耳采血针座结构示意图。
标号说明：
11 穿刺针管 12穿刺针座 13穿刺滑臂 14穿刺推手 21采血针管 22采血针座 23防滴胶套 241支撑臂 242弧臂 25采血推手 3软连接管 4真空采血管 41密封胶塞 42防护套 5针筒 51加强筋
52 采血滑槽 53工艺安装槽A 54穿刺滑槽 55工艺安装槽B 56弹性凸卡 6逆止构造 61舌片
62 固定环 7防逆流阀 71薄膜 72固定耳
8 辅助推手 81翼片 82圆环 9前盖
下面结合附图对本发明进行更详尽的描述。
具体实施方式
最佳实施例：
参照图3和图9，防逆流针筒式真空采血器， 包括血管穿刺针管 11 、穿刺针座 12 、采血针管 21 、采血针座 22 、软连接管 3 和一种筒形针筒 5 ，软连接管 3 连通穿刺针座 12 和采血针座 22 ，真空采血管 4 可以插置在针筒 5 后部的筒形空腔中，采血针管 21 、采血针座 22 以及采血滑臂、采血推手 25 组成采血组件，该采血组件已可相对针筒 5 滑动方式安装在针筒 5 上，采血针管 21 、采血针座 22 位于针筒 5 内腔中，采血滑臂穿过针筒 5 侧壁上的采血滑槽 52 内外连接采血针座 22 和采血推手 25 ，采血推手 25 位于针筒 5 外，采血滑槽 52 沿针筒 5 轴向延伸。穿刺针管 11 、穿刺针座 12 、穿刺滑臂 13 和穿刺推手 14 组成穿刺组件，用于防止退入针筒内腔中的穿刺针管逆向逸出针筒的逆止构造 6 设置在穿刺针座 12 前的针筒内腔中，穿刺滑臂 13 一端与穿刺针座 12 连接并成一体构造，另一端穿过穿刺滑槽 54 后与针筒 5 外的穿刺推手 14 连接，穿刺滑槽 54 位于针筒 5 侧下部并沿针筒 5 轴向延伸。还包括一种辅助推手 8 ，此辅助推手 8 以限制真空采血管 4 向后移动自由度的方式与真空采血管 4 连接，该辅助推手 8 位于采血推手 25 的后方。该辅助推手 8 相对采血推手 25 可以同侧面对面前后分布，也可以上下侧前后分布。图中所示为同侧面对面前后分布。
参照图8，该辅助推手8由一圆环82和其上一个往外延展翼片81构成，圆环82内径介于真空采血管4管体外径和采血管密封胶塞防护套42外径之间，藉着该圆环自真空采血管4尾端套入其管体并继续往前直至与密封胶塞防护套42靠触而与密封胶塞防护套42触接。这样，通过圆环与密封胶塞防护套42尾端面的触接并前推翼片81得以前推真空采血管。
参照图 6 ，针筒 5 后部的筒形空腔中具有真空采血管 4 的止进面并藉着此止进面与 密封胶塞防护套42前端面的触接阻止真空采血管4的前进。针筒5内腔设置有三条加强筋51，该三条加强筋51沿周向均布并沿轴向延伸，加强筋后端面作为真空采血管4的止进面。止进面介入后，临床操作过程中真空采血管不再前推，只是采血针座单向后退，此时辅助推手可作为采血推手的配搭便于采血推手的施力。
参照图 4 和图 5 ，筒形针筒 5 前端开口，一种工艺安装槽 A53 从针筒 5 前端开口并沿轴向延伸至与采血滑槽 52 通连，采血滑臂从此工艺安装槽 A53 插入并直至进入采血滑槽 52 并藉此，采血组件与针筒 5 轴向插置并套叠，采血针座 22 与软连接管 3 的连接处位于采血针座 22 的前端部，针筒 5 前端开口盖合有前盖 9 。工艺安装槽 A53 的开缝宽度略窄于采血滑槽 52 的槽宽。采血滑槽 52 共有两个，相对设置在针筒 5 的两侧。
参照图 7 ，采血滑臂由两个支撑臂 241 以及弧形跨接两支撑臂 241 的弧臂 242 组成，支撑臂 241 一端与采血针座 22 一体构造，另一端向外延伸至穿过与其对应的采血滑槽 52 后与弧臂 242 一体构造。弧臂 242 内侧与针筒 5 外周面对应贴合。两支撑臂 241 中的其中之一沿径向向外延伸，另一支撑臂 241 先向斜上方延伸后再沿弦切方向向外延伸。而先向斜上方延伸再沿弦切方向向外延伸可以在该支撑臂 241 下方让出一块较大的空间，此空间可用于容纳穿刺针座组件。
参照图 4 和图 5 ，一种工艺安装槽 B55 从针筒 5 后端开口沿轴向延伸至与穿刺滑槽 54 通连，穿刺滑臂 13 从此工艺安装槽 B55 插入并直至进入穿刺滑槽 54 并藉此，与软连接管 3 连接完毕的穿刺组件与针筒 5 轴向插置并套叠。这样，整个穿刺组件带同已经与其连接完毕的软连接管 3 得以从针筒的后端插入并与针筒插置连接。工艺安装槽 B55 的开缝宽度略窄于穿刺滑槽 54 的槽宽。在穿刺滑槽 54 尾端设置有一种弹性凸卡 56 ，此弹性凸卡 56 上的凸点可以与穿刺滑臂 13 上的对应凹坑（图中未画出）卡扣，进一步限制后退到位后的穿刺针座 12 的移动。向上顶开该弹性凸卡 56 即可让穿刺滑臂 13 从工艺安装槽 B55 进入穿刺滑槽 54 中。
参照图 11 、图 12 ，在采血针座的血液通道上设置有一种防止血液逆向溢出的防逆流阀 7 。该防逆流阀 7 是一种膜片式单向阀。 膜片式单向阀由薄膜71和固定耳72构成，薄膜71外径大于采血针座22内的血液通道并且其前侧面与血液通道中的一台阶面接触贴合，固定耳72与采血针座一体构造，其上的固定舌压住薄膜一侧面，薄膜对应的另一侧面在负压时向后摆动与台阶面形成一大夹角而让出血液通道，压力平衡或正压时膜片靠自身弹性恢复原形与台阶面贴触关闭液体通道。
参照图10，穿刺针座12内安装有一种逆止构造6，此逆止构造6由两片对称设置的舌片61以及固定环62组成，该固定环62的环壁即是一种 隔离壁，舌片根部与该环壁一体构造，舌片以外的空腔被该环壁隔离封闭， 通过固定环62将逆止构造固定在穿刺针座12前方的针筒5内腔的前端部，两对称舌片61闭合后呈一种尖角形可以阻止随穿刺针座12滑移后退而缩入针筒5内腔中的穿刺针管11逆向逸出。
该采血器组装时，将预先固接好连接软管的穿刺针管组件插入针筒操作套内腔，穿刺针管组件上穿刺滑臂塞过工艺安装槽B,并推开穿刺滑槽后端弹性凸卡，让穿刺滑臂进入穿刺滑槽，而同时穿刺针管穿入针筒前下端针孔，穿刺针管组件继续往前滑动至最前端；再将采血针管组件的两支支撑臂分别对应塞过工艺安装槽A，再通过针筒前端面开口处的大圆孔挪出连接软管另一端，与采血针管组件固接。从整个组配过程来看，该新型采血器组装简便很多，效率大幅提高。
临床使用时，先将真空采血管插入采血管辅助推手的圆环至其上防护套后端面与圆环端面相抵，待采血器穿刺入血管中，从透明软管见到回血后，一只手轻轻扶住针筒，另一只手将采血管从针筒后端插入至采血管前端面碰到操作套内加强筋后端面后，移动母指和食指至采血推手和辅助推手翼片，拇指和食指分别捏住采血推手和翼片，少用一点力，将二者相向靠拢，直至无法再靠拢为止。由于采血管前端面抵住筋条，而采血管防护套后端有受到辅助推手顶住，采血管无法进退，而采血针管组件通过其上滑动臂滑动可以自由在针筒内腔中移动，因而，当做上述相向运动时，只能往后移动，这样，采血针管就能穿透防滴胶套和采血管密封胶塞，针尖穿入采血管内开始采血，采血终了， 摘下驱血带，穿刺处的血管内压迅速降低，此时采血器还未退出血管，而采血管内压 > 血管内压，由于防逆流阀的介入使得已采取的血液不会再回到血管内而发生感染危险。
本实施例未述部分与现有技术相同。

Claims (11)

  1. 防逆流针筒式真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针管、穿刺针座、采血针管、采血针座和一种筒形针筒，穿刺针座芯腔与采血针座芯腔连通并作为采血通道，真空采血管可以插置在针筒后部的筒形空腔中，其特征在于，在穿刺针座或采血针座的血液通道上设置有一种防止血液逆向溢出的防逆流阀。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，防逆流阀安装在采血针座上，是一种膜片式单向阀。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，膜片式单向阀由薄膜和固定耳构成，膜片外径大于采血针座内的血液通道并且其前侧面与血液通道中的一台阶面接触贴合，固定耳与采血针座固接，其上的固定舌压住薄膜一侧面，薄膜对应的另一侧面在负压时向后摆动让出血液通道，压力平衡或正压时膜片靠自身弹性恢复原形与台阶面贴触关闭液体通道。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，所述防逆流针筒式真空采血器还包括一种软连接管，
    穿刺针座芯腔与采血针座芯腔通过此软连接管连通，穿刺针座是一种安装在针筒内腔中并可滑动位移的构件，用于防止退入针筒内腔中的穿刺针管逆向逸出针筒的逆止构造设置在穿刺针座前的针筒内腔中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，逆止构造是由2-5 片沿圆周方向均布并沿轴向延伸的舌片以及隔离壁组成，舌片根部与该隔离壁连接，隔离壁隔离封闭在舌片以外的空腔中，该复数个舌片并拢后形成尖角状或锥尖状，尖角状或锥角状朝后与退入到针筒内腔中的穿刺针尖相对。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，所述防逆流针筒式真空采血器还包括有一种穿刺滑臂、穿刺推手以及穿刺滑槽，穿刺针管、穿刺针座、穿刺滑臂和穿刺推手组成一种相对针筒滑动的穿刺组件，穿刺滑臂一端与穿刺针座连接或一体构造，另一端穿过穿刺滑槽后与针筒外的穿刺推手连接，穿刺滑槽位于针筒侧下部并沿针筒轴向延伸。
  7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形针筒前端开口，一种工艺安装槽B 或者从针筒前端或者从针筒后端沿轴向延伸至与穿刺滑槽通连，穿刺滑臂从此工艺安装槽 B 插入并直至进入穿刺滑槽并藉此，与软连接管连接完毕的穿刺组件与针筒轴向插置并套叠，针筒前端开口盖合有前盖。
  8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，采血针管、采血针座以及采血滑臂、采血推手组成采血组件，该采血组件以可相对针筒滑动方式安装在针筒上，采血针管、采血针座位于针筒内腔中，采血滑臂穿过针筒侧壁上的采血滑槽内外连接采血针座和采血推手，采血推手位于针筒外，采血滑槽沿针筒轴向延伸，还包括一种辅助推手，此辅助推手以限制真空采血管向后移动自由度的方式与真空采血管连接，该辅助推手位于采血推手的后方。
  9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒后部的筒形空腔中具有真空采血管的止进面并藉着此止进面与密封胶塞防护套前端面的触接阻止真空采血管的前进。
  10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形针筒前端开口，一种工艺安装槽 A 或者从针筒前端或者从针筒后端沿轴向延伸至与采血滑槽通连，采血滑臂从此工艺安装槽 A 插入并直至进入采血滑槽并藉此，采血组件与针筒轴向插置并套叠，采血针座与软连接管的连接处或者位于采血针座的前端部或者位于采血针座的侧部，针筒前端开口盖合有前盖。
  11. 根据权利要求 10 所述的防逆流针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，采血滑槽共有两个，相对设置在针筒的两侧，采血滑臂由两个支撑臂以及弧形跨接两支撑臂的弧臂组成，支撑臂一端与采血针座固接或一体构造，另一端向外延伸至穿过与其对应的采血滑槽后与弧臂连接或一体构造，弧臂内侧与针筒外周面对应贴合。
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