WO2014019201A1 - 针筒式真空采血器 - Google Patents

针筒式真空采血器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014019201A1
WO2014019201A1 PCT/CN2012/079597 CN2012079597W WO2014019201A1 WO 2014019201 A1 WO2014019201 A1 WO 2014019201A1 CN 2012079597 W CN2012079597 W CN 2012079597W WO 2014019201 A1 WO2014019201 A1 WO 2014019201A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
syringe
tube
puncture needle
blood
blood collection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/079597
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建铭
Original Assignee
Zhang Jianming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Jianming filed Critical Zhang Jianming
Priority to PCT/CN2012/079597 priority Critical patent/WO2014019201A1/zh
Priority to CN201280074567.2A priority patent/CN104470438B/zh
Publication of WO2014019201A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014019201A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/153—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. with syringes
    • A61B5/154—Devices using pre-evacuated means
    • A61B5/1545—Devices using pre-evacuated means comprising means for indicating vein or arterial entry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/153—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. with syringes
    • A61B5/154—Devices using pre-evacuated means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/15003—Source of blood for venous or arterial blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150351—Caps, stoppers or lids for sealing or closing a blood collection vessel or container, e.g. a test-tube or syringe barrel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150389—Hollow piercing elements, e.g. canulas, needles, for piercing the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150503—Single-ended needles
    • A61B5/150519—Details of construction of hub, i.e. element used to attach the single-ended needle to a piercing device or sampling device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150572—Pierceable protectors, e.g. shields, caps, sleeves or films, e.g. for hygienic purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150534—Design of protective means for piercing elements for preventing accidental needle sticks, e.g. shields, caps, protectors, axially extensible sleeves, pivotable protective sleeves
    • A61B5/150633—Protective sleeves which are axially extensible, e.g. sleeves connected to, or integrated in, the piercing or driving device; pivotable protective sleeves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150732—Needle holders, for instance for holding the needle by the hub, used for example with double-ended needle and pre-evacuated tube
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/15074—Needle sets comprising wings, e.g. butterfly type, for ease of handling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/155—Devices specially adapted for continuous or multiple sampling, e.g. at predetermined intervals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
    • A61B5/150259—Improved gripping, e.g. with high friction pattern or projections on the housing surface or an ergonometric shape

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 A vacuum blood collection tube device in the prior art is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and includes a blood collection needle 1 and a blood sample collection tube 2, and a blood collection needle.
  • a blood collection needle 1 One end is a vascular puncture needle 11 and the other end is a rubber sleeve blood collection tube 12, and the middle is passed through a PVC soft connection tube 16 Connected.
  • the protective sleeves on the two needles are first removed, the vascular puncture needle 11 is inserted into the vein of the patient's arm, and the blood enters the blood collection catheter, and the medical staff immediately presses the blood vessel needle with the little finger.
  • the sealing rubber tube is subjected to axial compression, the elastic force is large, so it is necessary to use both hands to puncture the blood collection needle tube 12 into the blood sample collection tube, which is quite inconvenient to operate.
  • Due to blood sample collection tube 2 The inside is negative pressure and the blood flows into the collection tube at a faster rate. To collect the required sample volume, if multiple blood samples need to be collected, the blood collection needle 12 can be pulled out from the collection tube 2 by both hands.
  • the blood collection tube 12 The outer soft rubber sleeve is restored, and the blood collection needle tube is wrapped to prevent the blood in the catheter from flowing out to pollute the environment, and then the previous intubation operation is repeated; if it is not necessary to draw blood, the human needle on the human body must be pulled out first. Then, put on the needle tip sheath, and then remove the blood collection needle 12 on the collection tube 2 . It can be seen that the vacuum blood collection device has a separate structure of the blood collection needle 1 and the collection tube 2, and the blood collection process needs to take care of the soft connection tube at the same time.
  • the two needles lead to complicated and cumbersome operation, multiple operation steps even require hands and a certain and just enough force to complete the extraction and insertion of the needle tube, and at this time, it is impossible to care for the needle tube at the other end, and thus It involves the coordinated operation of more than one medical staff.
  • This complicated and cumbersome operation and the presence of two needles Invisibly increases the workload and psychological burden of medical staff, and it is prone to misuse in the case of patients with unconsciousness, incitement, uncooperative patients, and infants and children with large physical activity.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a syringe type vacuum blood collection device which is simplified in structure and simple in operation.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following route.
  • a syringe type vacuum blood collection device including a vascular puncture needle tube, a blood collection needle tube and a blood sample collection tube, is characterized in that it further comprises a syringe, and the tail end of the vascular puncture needle tube is eccentrically inserted in the manner close to the outer circumferential surface of the syringe barrel.
  • the needle tip of the needle barrel and the needle tube are mostly exposed outside the barrel, and the inside of the barrel has a sealed cavity and a cylindrical cavity, wherein the sealing cavity is located in front of the cylindrical cavity.
  • the tube of the vascular puncture needle tube is in communication with the sealing chamber, the front end of the blood collection needle tube is fixed on the wall of the sealing chamber, the back end and the needle tube are mostly extended backward and inserted into the tube plug of the blood sample collection tube, and the blood collection needle tube is
  • the die is in communication with the sealed cavity, the cylindrical cavity is located behind the sealed cavity and the rear end thereof is open, and the blood sample collection tube is plugged in the removable cavity in the cylindrical cavity, the blood sample
  • the rear end wall of the collection tube plug has a sealing layer pierceable by the rear end of the blood collection needle tube ,
  • the cylindrical cavity of the front end face of the blood sample collection tube has a space for accommodating the blood sample collection tube that is pushed forward by the piercing of the sealing layer, the vascular puncture needle tube die, the sealing cavity, the blood collection needle tube die, and the pierced sealing layer
  • the blood sample collection tube lumen forms a blood channel.
  • the vascular puncture needle tube, the blood collection needle tube and the blood sample collection tube are rigidly coupled by a syringe, so that the three are not only integrally constructed but also constitute a traditional syringe structure, the structure is simplified, the holding operation is convenient, and the operation process is the same as that of the traditional syringe. The operation is extremely similar.
  • the object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following means.
  • a vascular puncture needle disposed adjacent to the outer circumferential surface of the barrel and extending forward is parallel to the center of the syringe.
  • the sealed cavity at the front of the syringe is a blood returning cavity, and the outer peripheral surface of the syringe has a see-through portion for observing blood return at a position matching the sealing cavity.
  • the front end portion of the syringe has a wedge shape which is extended downwardly and downwardly.
  • the blood vessel puncture needle tube is fixed to the needle barrel at the lower end of the wedge shape, and the see-through portion of the blood returning body can be observed on the inclined surface of the wedge shape.
  • the upper end of the wedge-shaped bevel intersects the outer peripheral surface of the barrel, and the lower end of the wedge-shaped bevel forms a small boss A near the outer circumferential surface of the barrel.
  • the end of the vascular puncture needle is fixed to the syringe through the boss A.
  • the wedge-shaped bevel is facing the operator who is leaning over and is easy to observe.
  • the see-through portion can be made of a transparent material.
  • the back cover of the sealing chamber has a small boss B, and the front end of the blood collecting needle tube is fixed on the boss B.
  • the blood collection needle is concentrically arranged with the syringe and extends rearward along the center of the syringe.
  • the cylindrical cavity has a front end wall, and the sealing chamber rear cover is spaced apart from the front end wall of the cylindrical cavity, and the blood collection needle tube extending rearward through the front end wall of the cylindrical cavity is simultaneously supported at the front end of the cylindrical cavity On the wall.
  • the blood collection needle has a good support connection rigidity.
  • the blood collection needle tube is covered with a blood collection sealing sleeve, and the blood sample collection tube tube plug center is provided with a core hole extending axially to the sealing layer, and the inner diameter of the core hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the blood collection sealing sleeve.
  • the blood collection sealing sleeve is subjected to the axial compression compression and the radial distortion expansion deformation, which is just pressed and rubbed against the inner hole wall of the core hole, and the blood collection needle tube is not allowed. Take out the blood sample collection tube plug.
  • the cylindrical cavity has a configuration adapted to the blood sample collection tube plug, which not only facilitates the loading and unloading of the blood sample collection tube, but also forms a tight connection with the blood sample collection tube plug. relationship.
  • a further optimization of this configuration may be such that the blood sample collection tube is inserted into the cylindrical cavity and the adapted configuration is a dimensionally transitionally coupled configuration.
  • the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity is symmetrically disposed circumferentially symmetrically with the elastic contact of the blood sample collection tube plug, and when the two are in the contact state, the rear end of the blood collection needle is just to be pierced. Before the sealing layer.
  • the elastic snap-in configuration can cause an elastic tight connection between the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity and the plug, but the blood sample collection tube can still be pushed forward or backward relative to the cylindrical cavity when an axial force is applied.
  • Such short arc convex card points are bumps protruding from the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, the thickness is low and the front and rear sides have curved transitions to facilitate the crawling of the pipe plug.
  • the configuration in the cylindrical cavity that fits the plug is a plurality of elastic snap contacts that are circumferentially distributed or symmetrically distributed along the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, and another suitable configuration is made in the tube.
  • L on the outer circumference of the plug a groove and a projecting point formed on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity, the protruding point entering from the end of the vertical section of the L-shaped groove at the front end face of the pipe plug
  • the groove can slide therein, and when the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity is elastically caught by the pipe plug, the protruding point has entered L In the vertical section of the shaped groove but not yet reaching the bottom end of the vertical section, the rear end of the blood collection needle tube is just before the sealing layer to be pierced, and after the current blood sample collection tube to the blood collection needle tube pierces the sealing layer, The protruding point just reaches the bottom end of the vertical section, at this time, the blood sample collection tube is rotated, and the protruding point enters A cross-section in an
  • the blood sample collection tube plug is composed of a sealing rubber plug and a protective cover, the sealing rubber plug is plugged in the collecting tube lumen, and the protective cover is plugged on the collecting tube nozzle and the sealing rubber plug.
  • the configuration adapted to the cylindrical cavity is generally provided on the protective cover.
  • the length of the cylindrical cavity is less than the length of the blood sample collection tube, and the tail of the blood sample collection tube nested in the cylindrical cavity is exposed outside the cylindrical cavity.
  • the syringe is provided with an elongated slot along the axial direction of the syringe as an operation window at a position corresponding to the inside of the syringe in the blood sample collection tube plug.
  • the operation window has two, relatively distributed in the syringe. On both sides.
  • the blood can be observed through the operation window, the state of the blood volume in the blood sample collection tube can be observed, the insertion state and the insertion degree of the blood sample collection tube can also be observed, and the blood sample collection tube can be first passed through the operation window.
  • the pinch plug is forced back out of the blood sample collection tube to prevent detachment of the collection tube body from the tube plug when exiting the blood sample collection tube.
  • a flexible applicator is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the side of the needle tube adjacent to the vascular puncture needle tube.
  • the soft applicator is fixed to the syringe, and has wings on both sides, and the bottom surface of the wing is a flat shape or a A concave curved shape that fits the elbow of the human body.
  • the application of the blade facilitates the contact between the syringe and the human body, and increases the friction between the syringe and the human skin, so that the syringe is not easily slipped.
  • the puncture needle can be retracted into the inner cavity of the protective sleeve, the needle tip of the puncture needle can be prevented from injuring other people to cause infection and the like, and thus the invention can be further deepened into a safe type of syringe vacuum blood collection device.
  • One way is:
  • the puncture needle seat is located in the inner cavity of the inner cylinder of the front end wall of the syringe, and the inner cavity of the puncture needle seat is a sealed cavity, and a sliding groove is arranged on the side wall of the syringe axial direction with a backrest obstacle, and the puncture needle seat is pushed.
  • the handle protrudes out of the sliding groove and is exposed outside the syringe.
  • the axial length of the inner cavity of the syringe is larger than the length of the puncture needle tube exposed outside the syringe.
  • the puncture needle holder and the puncture needle can be pushed along the sliding groove until the puncture needle tube is completely immersed in the syringe, and the syringe is used as a protective sleeve.
  • the retraction obstacle at the end of the sliding groove can prevent the retracted puncture needle seat and the puncture needle from passing through the syringe.
  • the backlash can be a snap point protruding at the end of the sliding slot or a closed end of the sliding slot.
  • a backstop that is mounted between the sliding member and the barrel, and the sliding member that retracts to retract the needle into the barrel lumen will resist contact with the backstop if pushed forward.
  • the sliding member that is retracted in position cannot be pushed forward due to the blocking of the check device. Therefore, it is ensured that the retracted puncture needle can no longer be pulled out, and the syringe vacuum blood collection device of the present invention can be used for one-time use.
  • the backstop device is an elastic symmetric closing tongue which is installed in the inner cavity of the syringe in front of the puncture needle seat, and the end of the puncture needle is passed through the closing joint of the closing tongue and fixed on the puncture needle seat.
  • the backstop device is composed of an elastic buckle and a concave hole, and the elastic buckle is located on the syringe barrel, and the concave hole is located on the sliding member, and the sliding member that is retracted into position has the concave hole just engaged with the elastic buckle, thereby preventing the puncture needle tube from being pushed forward.
  • the elastic buckle is composed of a elastic suspension tongue and a buckle at the top end of the tongue.
  • the tail end of the sliding groove of the cylinder is hollowed out at a distance parallel to the sliding groove and is hollowed out at the end of the sliding groove and the sliding groove 'U' Shaped wear, this 'U
  • the center of the shape forms a resilient suspension tongue, and the buckle is located at the top end of the elastic suspension tongue and protrudes in the sliding groove, and the concave hole is located on the push handle of the puncture needle holder.
  • the puncture needle holder push back in position along the sliding groove, and the recess is just engaged with the buckle.
  • the sliding sleeve, the syringe barrel, the puncture needle tube, the puncture needle holder, the blood collection needle tube and even the blood sample collection tube form a relatively fixed sleeve.
  • the sliding sliding member retracts into the interior of the sleeve with the retracting needle of the sliding member.
  • the syringe can be pushed back to make the puncture needle back into the inner cavity of the fixed sleeve, and the fixed sleeve is used as a protective sleeve for the puncture needle.
  • a backstop device that is mounted between the sliding member and the retaining sleeve, and the sliding member that retracts back into the lumen of the sleeve of the puncture needle tube will resist contact with the backstop if pushed forward.
  • the sliding member that is retracted in position cannot be pushed forward due to the blocking of the check device. Therefore, it is ensured that the retracted puncture needle can no longer be pulled out, and the syringe vacuum blood collection device of the present invention can be used for one-time use.
  • the present invention provides an optimized backstop device:
  • the backstop device is an elastic symmetric closing tongue, which is installed in the front cavity of the front end wall of the fixing sleeve, and the end of the puncture needle tube is passed through the closing joint portion of the closing tongue and is fixed to the puncture needle. On the seat.
  • a front end cover that is located in front of the barrel and is fixed to the fixing sleeve, and the outer peripheral surface of the front end cover and the outer peripheral surface of the barrel smoothly transition.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the insertion state of a blood sample collection tube of a vacuum blood collection tube apparatus in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the state in which the blood sample collection tube of the vacuum blood collection tube device is withdrawn in the prior art.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional front view showing the structure of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional plan view showing the structure of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional front view showing the structure of a syringe in a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of a syringe in a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional front view showing the structure of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional plan view showing the structure of a syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional front view showing the structure of the front end portion of the syringe in the syringe vacuum blood collection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional left side view showing the structure of the front end portion of the syringe in the second syringe type vacuum blood collection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional front view showing the structure of a three-cylinder vacuum blood collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of a three-cylinder vacuum blood collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the place where the through hole is located is the puncture needle holder 13, and the end of the puncture needle 11 is connected with the syringe 3
  • the center is inserted in parallel on the puncture needle holder 13, and the needle tip of the needle tube and most of the needle tube are exposed outside the syringe 3.
  • the inside of the syringe 3 has a sealed cavity 32 and a cylindrical cavity 33, wherein the sealed cavity 32 is located at the front end of the barrel, and the die of the puncture needle 11 is in communication with the sealed chamber 32.
  • the blood collection needle holder 14 is an open groove member having an open groove on one side and a syringe 3
  • the inner side of the front end wall is sealed and touched, and the cavity formed is the sealing cavity 32, and the other side wall is the sealing cavity wall, and the rear side of the sealing cavity wall has a small boss B131, and the front end of the blood collecting needle 12 is fixed on the boss On B 131.
  • the rear end and the needle tube are mostly extended backward and inserted into the plug of the blood sample collection tube 2, and the wick of the blood collection needle tube 12 is in communication with the sealed chamber 32, and the blood collection needle tube 12 and the cylindrical cavity 33 Coaxial.
  • the blood collection needle tube 12 is covered with a blood collection sealing sleeve 15 , and the blood sample collection tube tube plug center is provided with a core hole extending axially to the sealing layer 21 , and the core hole inner diameter is smaller than the blood collection sealing sleeve 15 The outer diameter is slightly larger.
  • the blood collection needle 12 is brought with the blood collection sealing sleeve 15 and the blood collection sealing sleeve is inserted along the core hole. It is subjected to axial compression and compression, and is radially twisted and expanded, which is just pressed against the inner wall of the core hole, and does not allow the blood collection needle 12 to escape the blood sample collection tube plug.
  • the cylindrical cavity 33 of the front end surface of the blood sample collection tube 2 has a space for accommodating the blood sample collection tube 2 which is pushed forward by the sealing layer 21, and the cylindrical cavity 33
  • the inner wall is symmetrically disposed in the circumferential direction with a resilient snap contact with the blood sample collection tube 2 protection cover 23, and when the two are in a card contact state, the blood collection needle tube 12 The rear end is just in front of the sealing layer to be pierced.
  • the elastic snap contact structure is a short arc convex click point 38, the short arc convex click point 38 and the protective cover 23 Made of elastic material.
  • the puncture needle tube die, the sealing cavity, the blood collection needle tube die, and the blood sample collection tube lumen after being pierced by the sealing layer constitute a blood channel.
  • a contact table 34 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the syringe 3 adjacent to the puncture needle tube 11, and the contact table 34 is provided.
  • the bottom surface is provided with a soft wing 4 which has a wingspan on both sides, and the bottom surface of the wing has a concave arc shape adapted to the elbow of the human body, and the bottom surface of the wing 4 is provided with a viscous glue point.
  • the front housing of the syringe 3 is held by a finger, and the puncture needle tip is inserted into the blood vessel of the patient, from the sealed cavity 32.
  • the puncture needle 11 is first sent into the blood vessel, and then the applicator wing 4 is pressed down, so that the applicator wing 4 sticks to the arm, and the blood collection system is not supported by hand, and the puncture needle 11 It also does not slide out of the blood vessels, so that the medical staff can free their hands and facilitate the medical staff to perform other operations.
  • the collection tube 15 is longer than the blood collection tube 12, it can ensure that the needle tip of the blood collection needle 12 will not injure the person, and the blood collection sleeve is in the process of repeatedly replacing the blood sample collection tube 2. 15 It also plays a role of insertion and guiding. The tip of the blood collection needle will not puncture the person, so it plays a safety protection role. At the same time, the blood collection sealing sleeve 15 is rebounded and sealed, and the blood collection needle head is sealed to avoid blood pollution.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the syringe vacuum blood collection device including the vascular puncture needle 11 and the blood collection needle 12 , blood sample collection tube 2 and syringe 3
  • the syringe is a hollow cylindrical casing made of a medical transparent material, and the front end of the cylinder has a wedge shape which is downwardly extended, and the upper end of the wedge-shaped inclined surface intersects with the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder, and the wedge-shaped inclined surface
  • the lower end of the needle forms a small boss near the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder (ie, near the inner edge of the casing) A31, the center of the boss A31 is provided with a puncture needle.
  • a through hole is installed, and the puncture needle 11 is fixed through the mounting through hole and the puncture needle holder 13 at the front end of the inner cavity of the syringe 3 behind the mounting through hole, and the puncture needle is inserted.
  • 11 Parallel to the center of the syringe 3 but eccentrically distributed, the tip of the needle and most of the needle are exposed outside the syringe 3.
  • the inside of the syringe 3 has a sealed cavity 32 and a cylindrical cavity 33, wherein the sealed cavity 32 is located at the front end of the barrel, and the die of the puncture needle 11 is in communication with the sealed chamber 32.
  • the puncture hub 13 is a separate component from the syringe 3 and is made of medical transparent material and placed in the syringe 3
  • the inner cavity of the front end of the inner cavity is a sealed cavity 32, and the rear side of the rear wall of the sealing cavity 32 has a small boss B131, and the front end of the blood collection needle 12 is fixed on the boss B131.
  • the upper end, the rear end and the needle tube extend mostly rearwardly and are inserted into the plug of the blood sample collection tube 2, and the wick of the blood collection needle tube 12 communicates with the sealed chamber 32, and the blood collection needle tube 12 and the cylindrical cavity 33 Coaxial.
  • the blood collection needle tube 12 is covered with a blood collection sealing sleeve 15 , and the blood sample collection tube tube plug center is provided with a core hole extending axially to the sealing layer 21 , and the core hole inner diameter is smaller than the blood collection sealing sleeve 15 The outer diameter is slightly larger.
  • the blood collection needle 12 is brought with the blood collection sealing sleeve 15 and the blood collection sealing sleeve is inserted along the core hole. It is subjected to axial compression and compression, and is radially twisted and expanded, which is just pressed against the inner wall of the core hole, and does not allow the blood collection needle 12 to escape the blood sample collection tube plug.
  • the cylindrical cavity 33 is located in the sealed cavity 32 The rear end and the rear end thereof are open, and the blood sample collection tube 2 is plugged in the front insert sleeve in the cylindrical cavity 33.
  • the length of the cylindrical cavity 32 is smaller than the length of the blood sample collection tube 2, and is placed in the cylindrical space. Cavity 33 The tail of the blood sample collection tube 2 is exposed outside the cylindrical cavity 33.
  • the tube plug consists of a sealing plug 22 and a protective cover 23, which seals the rubber plug 22
  • the sleeve is plugged in the collecting tube lumen
  • the protective cover 23 is plugged on the collecting tube nozzle and the sealing rubber plug
  • the blood sample collecting tube 2 has a sealing layer 21 which can be pierced by the rear end of the blood collecting needle tube 12 , the thickness of the sealing layer is 1.5 mm
  • blood sample collection tube 2 The cylindrical cavity 33 of the front end surface has a space for accommodating the blood sample collection tube 2 which is pushed forward by the sealing layer 21, and the cylindrical cavity 33
  • the inner wall is symmetrically disposed in the circumferential direction with a resilient snap contact with the blood sample collection tube 2 protection cover 23, and when the two are in the card contact state, the rear end of the blood collection needle tube 12 is just before the sealing layer to be pierced.
  • FIG 10 figure This is the state shown in Figure 11.
  • the elastic snap contact structure is a short arc convex click point 38, the short arc convex click point 38 and the protective cover 23 Made of elastic material.
  • the puncture needle tube die, the sealing cavity, the blood collection needle tube die, and the blood sample collection tube lumen after being pierced by the sealing layer constitute a blood channel.
  • a sliding groove 36 with a closed end is axially extended on the side wall of the syringe 3, and the needle holder push handle 132
  • the sliding groove 36 protrudes out of the barrel 3.
  • the sliding groove 36 extends from the front of the barrel 3 to the rear of the barrel 3, and the protective cover of the blood sample collection tube 2 that is placed in the cylindrical cavity 33 23 is located in the length interval of the sliding groove 36, and therefore, the sliding groove 36 is at the same time the operation window 35.
  • the axial length of the inner cavity of the syringe 3 is larger than the puncture needle tube exposed outside the syringe 3 11 length.
  • the puncture needle 11 , the puncture needle holder 13 , the blood collection needle tube 12 and even the blood sample collection tube 2 constitute a sliding member which can slide back relative to the syringe 3 .
  • the puncture needle holder 13 and the puncture needle 11 can be pushed along the sliding groove until the puncture needle 11 Completely immersed in the inner cavity of the syringe 3. At this time, the blood sample collection tube 2 can be pulled out to be detached from the syringe 3.
  • a backstop device which is an elastic symmetric closed tongue 5 Installed in the inner cavity of the syringe 3 in front of the puncture needle holder 13, the end of the puncture needle 11 is passed through the closed joint of the closing tongue 5 and fixed to the puncture needle holder 13.
  • the closing tongue 5 elastically resets the original puncture needle 11 Export. Blocking, sliding parts that are back in place will not be pushed forward. Thereby ensuring the retracted puncture needle 11
  • the wounded person of the present invention can be promoted to be used once, and can not be used again by criminals.
  • the syringe vacuum blood collection device includes a vascular puncture needle 11 and a blood collection needle 12
  • the blood sample collection tube 2, the syringe 3, the flap 4, the closing tab 5, the front end cover 6, and the telescopic protective sleeve which are slidably fitted together by the fixing sleeve 71 and the sliding sleeve 72.
  • Syringe 3 It is a hollow cylindrical tubular casing made of medical transparent material.
  • the front end cover 6 is located in front of the syringe 3 and is fixed to the fixing sleeve 71 in the telescopic protective cover, and the outer peripheral surface of the rear end cover 6 and the syringe 3
  • the outer peripheral surface and the like have a smooth transition.
  • the front end portion of the front end cover 6 has a wedge shape which is downwardly extended.
  • the upper end of the wedge-shaped inclined surface intersects with the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the front end cover 6.
  • the lower end of the wedge-shaped inclined surface is adjacent to the front end cover.
  • a small boss A31 is formed at a position on the outer peripheral surface (i.e., near the inner side edge of the casing), and a through hole is formed in the center of the boss A31, and the puncture needle 11 passes through the mounting through hole and along the sliding sleeve 72.
  • the inner lumen is axially passed through and finally fixed to the puncture needle hub, and the puncture needle hub 13 is located at the end of the sliding sleeve 72 and is fixed to the syringe 3.
  • Puncture needle 11 and syringe 3 The center is parallel but eccentrically distributed, and the tip of the needle and most of the needle are exposed outside the barrel 3.
  • the inside of the syringe 3 has a telescopic protective sleeve cavity 37, a sealed cavity 32 and a cylindrical cavity 33, and the syringe 3
  • the middle portion of the inner cavity has a wall, and the front side of the partition wall is a telescopic protective sleeve cavity 37.
  • the rear of the partition wall is a sealed cavity 32 and a cylindrical cavity 33, and the sealed cavity 32 is located in front of the cylindrical cavity 33. Puncture needle 11 The die is in communication with the sealed cavity 32.
  • the puncture needle holder 13 has an open groove on one side and is in contact with the rear side of the inner wall of the syringe 3, and the cavity formed is a sealed cavity 32, and the sealed cavity 32
  • the other side wall is the rear wall of the sealing chamber, and the rear side of the rear wall of the sealing chamber 32 has a small boss B131, and the front end of the blood collecting needle 12 is fixed on the boss B131.
  • the upper end, the rear end and the needle tube extend mostly rearwardly and are inserted into the plug of the blood sample collection tube 2, and the wick of the blood collection needle tube 12 communicates with the sealed chamber 32, and the blood collection needle tube 12 is coaxial with the cylindrical cavity 33.
  • Blood collection needle 12 The outer cover is covered with a blood collection sealing sleeve 15.
  • the center of the blood sample collection tube plug is provided with a core hole extending axially to the sealing layer 21, and the inner diameter of the core hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the blood collection sealing sleeve 15.
  • the blood collection tube 12 With the same blood collection sealing sleeve 15
  • the blood collection sealing sleeve 15 is subjected to axial compression and compression, and is radially twisted and expanded and deformed, and just squeezes and rubs against the inner hole wall of the core hole, and does not allow the blood collection needle tube 12 Take out the blood sample collection tube plug.
  • the cylindrical cavity 33 is located behind the sealed chamber 32 and its rear end is open, and the blood sample collection tube 2 is plugged in the front spiral sleeve in the cylindrical cavity 33, and the cylindrical cavity 32
  • the length of the blood sample collection tube 2 is smaller than the length of the blood sample collection tube 2, and the tail of the blood sample collection tube 2 housed in the cylindrical cavity 32 is exposed outside the cylindrical cavity.
  • the blood sample collection tube plug is made of a sealing plug 22 and a protective cover 23
  • the sealing plug 22 is sleeved in the collecting tube lumen
  • the protective cover 23 is plugged on the collecting tube nozzle and the sealing rubber plug
  • the blood sample collecting tube 2 has a blood collecting needle 12 rear end Pierced sealing layer 21,
  • the sealing layer has a thickness of 1.5 mm
  • the cylindrical cavity 33 of the front end surface of the blood sample collection tube 2 has a space for accommodating the blood sample collection tube 2 which is pushed forward by the sealing layer 21.
  • Cylindrical cavity 33 The inner wall is symmetrically disposed circumferentially symmetrically with the elastic contact of the blood sample collection tube 2 protection cover 23, and when the two are in the card contact state, the rear end of the blood collection needle tube 12 is just before the sealing layer to be pierced.
  • Figure 15 This is the state shown.
  • the elastic snap contact structure is a short arc convex click point, and the short arc convex click point and the protective cover 23 Made of elastic material.
  • the puncture needle tube die, the sealing cavity, the blood collection needle tube die, and the blood sample collection tube lumen after being pierced by the sealing layer constitute a blood channel.
  • the blood sample collection tube 2 also constitutes a sliding member that slides relative to the fixed sleeve 71.
  • the syringe 3 can be pushed back, and the sliding sleeve 72 is relatively fixed with the retraction of the syringe 3. Sliding backwards also gradually retreats into the inner cavity of the fixing sleeve 71 as the retracting needle 11 is completely immersed in the inner cavity of the fixing sleeve 71.
  • the blood sample collection tube 2 can be pulled back to the syringe 3 Get rid of.
  • a backstop device which is an elastic symmetric closing tongue 5 which is mounted on the boss A31 Rear front cover 6 In the inner cavity, the end of the puncture needle 11 is passed over the closed joint of the closing tongue 5 and finally fixed to the puncture needle holder 13.
  • the syringe 3 near the puncture needle tube 3 is provided with a soft wing 4 on the outer peripheral surface of the side.
  • the soft flap 4 has a wingspan on both sides, and the bottom surface of the flap has a concave arc shape adapted to the elbow of the human body, and the bottom surface of the flap 4 is provided with a viscous glue point.

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Abstract

一种针筒式真空采血器，其包括针筒（3）和血液样本收集管（2），该针筒（3）内部具有密封腔（32）和筒形空腔（33），密封腔（32）与血管穿刺针管（11）和采血针管（12）连通，作为回血腔便于使用者观察回血；血液样本收集管（2）套置在筒形空腔（33）中，通过相对于针筒（3）向前推动血液样本收集管（2），使得采血针管（12）刺穿血液样本收集管（2）的管塞后端壁形成的密封层（21），从而实现采血。所述采血器使得血管穿刺针管（11）、采血针管（12）和血液样本收集管（2）一体构造，组成一种传统的针筒构造，从而简化了结构，方便了把持操作。该采血器的操作过程与传统针筒的操作极其相似，能够减少医护人员工作量和心理负担，即使在病人肢体活动幅度大的情景下，也不容易产生误操作，从而提高了操作的安全性和成功度。所述采血针还可包含安全形构造，从而既保证后退的穿刺针管不会再推移出伤人，也可以保证采血器不被再次使用。

Description

针筒式真空采血器 技术领域
本发明涉及 临床医疗上 一种人体外真空采血器械，特别是一种针筒式真空采血器。
背景技术
现有技术中的 一种真空采血管装置如图 1 、图 2 所示，包括采血针 1 和血液样本收集管 2 ，采血针 1 一端是血管穿刺针管 11 ，另一端是带有胶套采血针管 12 ，中间通过 PVC 软连接管 16 连接。该装置在采血时，先拔除两头针管上保护套，将血管穿刺针管 11 刺入病患手臂静脉中，等血液进入采血导管中，医务人员立即用小拇指压住该血管穿刺针管 11 的针柄，以防穿刺针管脱落；由于血液样本收集管 2 密封胶塞很厚，采血针管 12 针尖斜面角度大，针尖钝，加上采血针管 12 密封胶管在受到轴向挤压时弹力很大，故需要双手才能将采血针管 12 刺入血液样本收集管中，操作相当不便。由于血液样本收集管 2 内是负压，血液流入该收集管中的速度较快。待采集到所需样量，若需采集多管血液样本，还得双手操作才能将采血针管 12 从收集管 2 中拔出。此时采血针管 12 外软胶套复原，包住采血针管，防止导管中血液流出污染环境，然后再重复之前的插管操作；若是不需要再抽血，就得先拔出人体上穿刺针管 11 ，再套上针尖护套，再拔除收集管 2 上采血针管 12 。由此可见这种真空采血装置由于采血针 1 和收集管 2 分体构造，采血过程需同时关顾软连接管 16 的两头针管，导致操作复杂繁琐，多个操作步骤甚至需要双手且还需施以一定且恰到好处的力道才能完成针管的拔出和插入，而此时就无法关顾到另一头的针管，这样又牵涉到需要一个以上的医护人员的协同操作。这种复杂繁琐的操作步骤以及两头针管的存在， 无形中增加了医护人员工作量和心理负担，在遭遇到意识不清、躁动、不合作的病人以及婴幼儿病人而肢体活动幅度大的情景下，容易产生误操作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足之处，而提供一种结构简化、操作简单容易的针筒式真空采血器。
本发明的目的是通过以下途径来实现的。
针筒式真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针管、采血针管和血液样本收集管，其组成要点在于，还包括有一种针筒，血管穿刺针管的尾端以靠近针筒外周面的方式偏心插置在针筒前端部的穿刺针座上，该针管的针尖以及针管的大部分均裸露在针筒外，针筒内部具有一密封腔和一筒形空腔，其中密封腔位于筒形空腔前，血管穿刺针管的管芯与该密封腔连通，采血针管的前端固置在该密封腔壁上，后端及针管大部分向后延伸并插置在血液样本收集管的管塞中，采血针管的管芯与该密封腔连通，筒形空腔位于密封腔的后方并且其后端开放，血液样本收集管管塞在前以可拆装的的方式套置在该筒形空腔中，血液样本收集管管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管后端刺穿的密封层 , 血液样本收集管前端面的筒形空腔具有为刺穿此密封层而前推的血液样本收集管容置的空间，血管穿刺针管管芯、密封腔、采血针管管芯以及被刺穿密封层后的血液样本收集管管腔组成一种血液通道。
这样，以针筒刚性联接血管穿刺针管、采血针管和血液样本收集管，使三者不但一体构造而且组成一种传统的针筒构造，结构简化，把持操作方便，且操作过程与传统针筒的操作极其相似。
采血时，把持针筒将血管穿刺针管刺入病患手臂静脉中，见回血时，一手持住针筒，另一手或同一手另一手指前顶血液样本收集管，使采血针管后端刺穿血液样本收集管管塞的密封层，由于血液样本收集管管腔的负压，血液流入该收集管中的速度较快。待采集到所需样量，若需采集多管血液样本，只需单手将收集管从筒形空腔中拔出，此时采血针管外由软胶套做成的采血密封套复原，包住采血针管，防止导管中血液流出污染环境，然后再取出新的血液样本收集管；若是不需要再抽血，只需先拔出人体上穿刺针管，套上针尖护套，再取除收集管即可。
本发明的目的还可以通过以下途径来实现。
靠近针筒外周面布置并向前延伸的血管穿刺针管与针筒的中心平行。
针筒前部的密封腔是一种回血腔，针筒外周面与该密封腔相适配的位置上具有可观察回血的透视部。
针筒前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，血管穿刺针管在该楔形的下伸端头与针筒固接，可观察回血的透视部位于该楔形的斜面上。
该楔形斜面的上缩端与针筒的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近针筒外周面的位置形成一种小凸台 A ，血管穿刺针管尾端通过此凸台 A 与针筒固接。
这样，该楔形斜面正对着俯身进行操作的操作者，便于观察。
该透视部可以使用透明材料制成。
密封腔后盖上具有一小凸台 B ，采血针管前端固定在此凸台 B 上。
采血针管与针筒同心布置，并沿着针筒中心向后延伸。
筒形空腔具有前端壁，该密封腔后盖与筒形空腔前端壁之间具有间隔，向后延伸穿过此筒形空腔前端壁的采血针管同时支座在该筒形空腔前端壁上。
这样，采血针管具备了较好的支撑联接刚性。
采血针管外包覆有采血密封套，血液样本收集管管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层的芯孔，此芯孔内径比采血密封套外径稍大。
这样，采血针管带同采血密封管沿此芯孔穿入管塞时，采血密封套受到轴向挤压压缩径向扭曲扩张变形，正好与此芯孔内孔壁挤压摩擦，更不致让采血针管脱出血液样本收集管管塞。
血液样本收集管管塞密封层厚度为 3-0.5MM, 最好是 1.5-0.5MM 。
这样采血针管可轻松穿破密封层。
筒形空腔内具有与血液样本收集管管塞相适配的构造，此构造不但方便血液样本收集管的装入和取出，同时又与血液样本收集管管塞配合连接形成较紧实的连接关系。
此构造的进一步优化可以是这样：血液样本收集管插置在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种尺寸上过渡配合联接的构造。
还可以是这样：筒形空腔内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管管塞适配处弹性卡触的构造，当二者处于卡触状态时，采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前。
这样既方便插在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管直立时不会脱落出来，又从触感上给出了安装在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管的插入程度，从而方便安装。
此弹性卡触构造可以是一种短弧凸卡点，或者此短弧凸卡点或者血液样本收集管管塞由弹性材料制成。
这种弹性卡触构造可以造成筒形空腔内壁与管塞的弹性紧迫连接状态，但在施加轴向力时，血液样本收集管依然会相对筒形空腔做自如的前推或后退。
这种短弧凸卡点顾名思义就是一种突凸在筒形空腔内壁上的凸点，厚度低浅而且前后侧均有弧形过渡，以便于管塞的爬行穿越。
还可以在这种弹性卡触构造的基础上另行增加其他的适配连接构造进行配合使用以达到更好的使用效果，以下是其中一种优化的配合使用：
筒形空腔内与管塞相适配的构造是一种复数个沿筒形空腔的内壁周向分布或对称分布的弹性卡触的构造，另一种相适配的构造是制作在管塞外周面上的 L 形槽以及制作在筒形空腔内壁上的突凸点，该突凸点从位于管塞前端面的 L 形槽竖直段的端头进入 L 形槽并可在其中滑动，当筒形空腔内壁与管塞弹性卡触时，该突凸点已进入 L 形槽中的竖直段中但尚未到达该竖直段的底端，此时采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前，当前顶血液样本收集管至采血针管刺穿密封层后，该突凸点恰到达该竖直段的底端，此时旋转血液样本收集管，该突凸点进入 L 形槽中的横折段。
这样， L 形槽中的横折段可以锁死血液样本收集管在轴向上的自由度，使其相对针筒既不能前推也不能后退。
又可以是这样：血液样本收集管螺纹连接在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种螺纹连接构造。
血液样本收集管管塞由密封胶塞和保护盖组成，密封胶塞套塞在收集管管腔中，保护盖盖塞在收集管管口及密封胶塞上。
与筒形空腔相适配的构造一般设置在保护盖上。
筒形空腔的长度小于血液样本收集管的长度，套置在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管的尾部裸露在筒形空腔外。
针筒在与血液样本收集管管塞内含在针筒内相适配的位置上沿针筒轴向设置有一种长条槽作为操作窗，此操作窗共有两个，相对分布在针筒的两侧。
这样可通过此操作窗观察回血，观察血液样本收集管内血量的状态，也可观察血液样本收集管的插入状态和插入程度，还可在拔出血液样本收集管时，先透过此操作窗捏持管塞向后用力退出血液样本收集管，从而防止退出血液样本收集管时收集管本体与管塞的脱离。
血管穿刺针管所靠近的针筒那一侧外周面上设置有一种触台，此触台底面呈一种平面形或呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形。
这种触台方便针筒与人体的靠触，增加针筒与人体肌肤的摩擦力，使针筒不易滑脱。
血管穿刺针管所靠近的针筒那一侧外周面上设置有一种软质敷翼，此软质敷翼与针筒固接，两侧具有翼展，敷翼底面呈一种平面形或呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形。
这种敷翼方便针筒与人体的靠触，增加针筒与人体肌肤的摩擦力，使针筒不易滑脱。
还可以进一步在敷翼底面设置粘性胶点。
采血结束时，如果得以将穿刺针管回缩到保护套内腔中，即可防止穿刺针管针尖误伤他人造成感染等伤害，这样，本发明可进一步深化为一种安全型的针筒式真空采血器，其中一种方式是：
穿刺针座位于针筒前端壁内侧的针筒内腔中，穿刺针座内腔即为密封腔，针筒侧壁上轴向延伸有一种尾端设置有后退障碍的滑动槽，穿刺针座推柄突穿出此滑动槽并露在针筒外，针筒内腔的轴向长度大于裸露在针筒外的穿刺针管的长度，穿刺针管、穿刺针座、采血针管乃至收集管组成一种可以相对针筒后退滑动的滑动部件，随着滑动部件的后退穿刺针管回缩到针筒内腔中。
采血结束时，可沿此滑动槽后推穿刺针座暨穿刺针管，直至穿刺针管完全没入针筒内，此时针筒又作为保护套。滑动槽尾端后退障碍可以阻止后撤的穿刺针座暨穿刺针管穿出针筒。这种后退障碍可以是一种突凸在滑动槽尾端的卡点，也可以是滑动槽尾端封闭。
这种方式的进一步优化是：
还包括有一种逆止装置，此逆止装置安装在滑动部件与针筒之间，后退至穿刺针管缩回到针筒内腔中的滑动部件若逆向前推将与此逆止装置阻止接触。
这样，因逆止装置的阻止，后退到位的滑动部件将不能前推。从而既保证后退的穿刺针管不会再推移出伤人，也可以促使本发明所述的这种针筒式真空采血器一次性使用。
这种逆止装置在现有技术中的针形医疗器械中常见，大多都可以应用在本发明中。本发明在此提供两种优化的逆止装置：
该逆止装置是一种弹性对称闭合舌片，安装在穿刺针座前方的针筒内腔中，穿刺针管尾端穿套过此闭合舌片的闭合结合部并固接在穿刺针座上。
这样，穿刺针管撤入后，舌片弹性复位阻断原穿刺针管出口。
该逆止装置由弹性卡扣和凹坑组成，弹性卡扣位于针筒上，凹坑位于滑动部件上，后退到位的滑动部件其凹坑恰与弹性卡扣卡接，从而阻止穿刺针管前推。
该弹性卡扣由弹性悬舌以及悬舌顶端的卡扣组成，靠近针筒滑动槽尾端沿与滑动槽平行的间隔处掏空并让此掏空在滑动槽尾端与滑动槽' U '形连穿，此' U '形中央即形成一弹性悬舌，卡扣位于此弹性悬舌顶端并突凸在滑动槽中，凹坑位于穿刺针座的推柄上。
沿滑动槽后退到位的穿刺针座推柄，其凹坑恰与此卡扣卡接。
另一种安全型的针筒式真空采血器的方式是：
还包括有一种由固定套和滑动套滑动套装在一起的伸缩保护套，针筒与滑动套尾端固接，穿刺针座位于滑动套尾端并与针筒固接，穿刺针座内腔即为密封腔，穿刺针管沿滑动套内腔轴向穿行并最终固定在穿刺针座上，滑动套、针筒、穿刺针管、穿刺针座以及采血针管乃至血液样本收集管组成一种相对相对固定套滑动的滑动部件，随着滑动部件的后退穿刺针管回缩到固定套内腔中。
采血结束时，可后推针筒使穿刺针管后退没入固定套内腔中，此时固定套作为穿刺针管的保护套。
这种方式的进一步优化是：
还包括有一种逆止装置，此逆止装置安装在滑动部件与固定套之间，后退至穿刺针管缩回到固定套内腔中的滑动部件若逆向前推将与此逆止装置阻止接触。
这样，因逆止装置的阻止，后退到位的滑动部件将不能前推。从而既保证后退的穿刺针管不会再推移出伤人，也可以促使本发明所述的这种针筒式真空采血器一次性使用。
这种逆止装置在现有技术中的针形医疗器械中常见，大多都可以应用在本发明中。本发明在此提供一种优化的逆止装置：
该逆止装置是一种弹性对称闭合舌片，安装在穿刺针座前方、固定套前端壁的内腔中，穿刺针管尾端穿套过此闭合舌片的闭合结合部并固接在穿刺针座上。
这样，穿刺针管撤入后，舌片弹性复位阻断原穿刺针管出口。
还包括有一种前端盖，此前端盖位于针筒前方并与固定套固接，前端盖外周面与针筒外周面光滑过渡。
综上所述，本发明相比现有技术具有如下优点：结构简化，把持操作方便，且操作过程与传统针筒的操作极其相似，最大限度的减少了 医护人员工作量和心理负担，即使在遭遇到意识不清、躁动、不合作的病人以及婴幼儿病人而肢体活动幅度大的情景下，也不容易产生误操作，从而提高了操作的安全性和成功度。而安全形构造的进一步介入， 从而既保证后退的穿刺针管不会再推移出伤人，也可以促使本发明所述的这种针筒式真空采血器的一次性使用。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中一种 真空采血管装置血液样本收集管插入状态示意图。
图2是现有技术中一种 真空采血管装置血液样本收集管撤出状态示意图。
图 3 是本发明所述实施例一针筒式真空采血器的外观示意图。
图 4 是本发明实施例一针筒式真空采血器的结构示意剖视主视图。
图 5 是本发明实施例一针筒式真空采血器的结构示意剖视俯视图。
图 6 是本发明实施例一针筒式真空采血器中的针筒结构示意剖视主视图。
图 7 是本发明实施例一针筒式真空采血器中的针筒结构示意剖视左视图。
图 8 是本发明实施例一针筒式真空采血器中的针筒结构示意立体图。
图 9 是本发明实施例二针筒式真空采血器的外观示意图。
图 10 是本发明实施例二针筒式真空采血器的结构示意剖视主视图。
图 11 是本发明实施例二针筒式真空采血器的结构示意剖视俯视图。
图 12 是本发明实施例二针筒式真空采血器采血后状态的示意图。
图 13 是本发明实施例二针筒式真空采血器中的针筒前端部结构示意剖视主视图。
图 14 是本发明实施例二针筒式真空采血器中的针筒前端部结构示意剖视左视图。
图 15 是本发明实施例三针筒式真空采血器的结构示意剖视主视图。
图 16 是本发明实施例三针筒式真空采血器的结构示意俯视图。
图 17 是本发明实施例三针筒式真空采血器中的前端盖结构示意剖视主视图。
图 18 是本发明实施例三针筒式真空采血器中的前端盖结构示意剖视主视图。
图 19 是本发明实施例三针筒式真空采血器采血后状态的示意图。
下面结合附图对本实用新型进行更详尽的描述。
标号说明：
1 采血针 11 穿刺针管 12 采血针管 13 穿刺针座 131 凸台 B 132 推柄 14 采血针座 15 采血密封套 16 软连接管 2 血液样本收集管 21 密封层 3 针筒 31 凸台 A 32 密封腔 33 筒形空腔 34 触台 35 操作窗 36 滑动槽 37 伸缩保护套腔 38 短弧凸卡点 4 敷翼 5 闭合舌片 6 前端盖 71 固定套 72 滑动套。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
参照图 4 、图 5 、图 6 、图 7 、图 8 ，针筒式真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针管 11 、采血针管 12 、血液样本收集管 2 和针筒 3 ，针筒是一中空筒形壳体，由医用透明材料制成，针筒前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，该楔形斜面的上缩端与针筒的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近针筒外周面（即靠近壳体内侧边缘）的位置形成一种小凸台 A31 ，凸台 A31 中央设置穿刺针管 11 安装通孔，该安装通孔所在的部位即为穿刺针座 13 ，穿刺针管 11 的尾端以与针筒 3 中心平行的方式插置在该穿刺针座 13 上，该针管的针尖以及针管的大部分均裸露在针筒 3 外。针筒 3 内部具有一密封腔 32 和一筒形空腔 33 ，其中密封腔 32 位于针筒前端，穿刺针管 11 的管芯与该密封腔 32 连通。采血针座 14 是一种敞口凹槽构件，其一侧呈敞口凹槽并与针筒 3 前端壁内侧密封贴触，所形成的空腔即为密封腔 32 ，其另一侧壁即为密封腔壁，密封腔壁后侧具有一小凸台 B131 ，采血针管 12 前端固定在此凸台 B 上 131 ，后端及针管大部分向后延伸并插置在血液样本收集管 2 的管塞中，采血针管 12 的管芯与该密封腔 32 连通，采血针管 12 与筒形空腔 33 同轴。采血针管 12 外包覆有采血密封套 15 ，血液样本收集管管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层 21 的芯孔，此芯孔内径比采血密封套 15 外径稍大。这样，采血针管 12 带同采血密封套 15 沿此芯孔穿入管塞时，采血密封套 15 受到轴向挤压压缩径向扭曲扩张变形，正好与此芯孔内孔壁挤压摩擦，更不致让采血针管 12 脱出血液样本收集管管塞。筒形空腔 33 位于密封腔 32 的后方并且其后端开放，血液样本收集管 2 管塞在前插套在该筒形空腔 33 中，筒形空腔 32 的长度小于血液样本收集管 2 的长度，套置在筒形空腔 32 中的血液样本收集管 2 的尾部裸露在筒形空腔外。血液样本收集管管塞由密封胶塞 22 和保护盖 23 组成，密封胶塞 22 套塞在收集管管腔中，保护盖 23 盖塞在收集管管口及密封胶塞上，血液样本收集管 2 管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管 12 后端刺穿的密封层 21, 密封层 21 厚度为 1.5MM ，血液样本收集管 2 前端面的筒形空腔 33 具有为刺穿此密封层 21 而前推的血液样本收集管 2 容置的空间，筒形空腔 33 内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管 2 保护盖 23 适配处弹性卡触的构造，当二者处于卡触状态时，采血针管 12 后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前。此弹性卡触构造是一种短弧凸卡点 38 ，此短弧凸卡点 38 以及保护盖 23 由弹性材料制成。穿刺针管管芯、密封腔、采血针管管芯以及被刺穿密封层后的血液样本收集管管腔组成一种血液通道。
参照图 3 ，针筒 3 在与血液样本收集管保护盖 23 相适配的位置上沿针筒轴向设置有一种长条槽作为操作窗 35 ，此操作窗 35 共有两个，相对分布在针筒 3 的两侧。
参照图 5 ，穿刺针管 11 所靠近的针筒 3 那一侧外周面上设置有一种触台 34 ，此触台 34 底面设置有一种软质敷翼 4 ，此软质敷翼 4 两侧具有翼展，敷翼底面呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形，敷翼 4 底面设置粘性胶点。
实际使用时，通过手指把持针筒 3 前壳体，将穿刺针尖刺入病患血管中，从密封腔 32 观察到回血后，先往血管中送入穿刺针管 11 ，然后下压敷翼 4 ，以便敷翼 4 上胶点粘住在手臂上，不用手扶持采血系统，穿刺针管 11 也不会滑出血管，这样，医务人员可以腾出双手，方便了医务人员进行其它操作。见回血以后，一只手轻扶针筒 3 前部，另一只手从血液样本收集管 2 后端部轻推收集管，让采血针尖刺破后端密封层 21 ，采血针尖穿出密封胶塞 22 ，由于收集管内负压作用，血液快速流入收集管中至要求的样量后，若还需进行多管血液采集，一只手捏住针筒 3 前部固定住采血系统，另一只手通过针筒上对称长形操作窗 35 ，捏住收集管防护盖 23 ，往外拉动收集管 2 ，直至采血针管 12 完全脱出收集管密封胶塞 22 ，顺势拉出收集管，再更换插入新收集管进行采血。采血结束后，先对折翻起敷翼 4 ，让胶点脱离人体皮肤，撤出人体端穿刺针管 11 ，再退出血液样本收集管 2 ，由于采血针管 12 外采血密封套 15 比采血针管 12 长，故能保证采血针管 12 针尖不会伤到人，而且在反复更换血液样本收集管 2 过程中，采血密封套 15 还起到插入导向作用，采血针尖不会刺到人，故起到安全防护作用，同时采血密封套 15 回弹密闭，封住采血针管头，避免了血液污染。
本实施例未述部分与现有技术相同。
实施例二：
参照图 9 、图 10 、图 11 ，针筒式真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针管 11 、采血针管 12 、血液样本收集管 2 和针筒 3 ，针筒是一中空筒形壳体，由医用透明材料制成，针筒前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，该楔形斜面的上缩端与针筒的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近针筒外周面（即靠近壳体内侧边缘）的位置形成一种小凸台 A31 ，凸台 A31 中央设置穿刺针管 11 安装通孔，穿刺针管 11 穿过安装通孔与该安装通孔后方的、针筒 3 内腔前端部的穿刺针座 13 固接，穿刺针管 11 与针筒 3 中心平行但偏心分布，该针管的针尖以及针管的大部分均裸露在针筒 3 外。针筒 3 内部具有一密封腔 32 和一筒形空腔 33 ，其中密封腔 32 位于针筒前端，穿刺针管 11 的管芯与该密封腔 32 连通。穿刺针座 13 相对针筒 3 是一个独立构件，由医用透明材料制成，安放在针筒 3 内腔的前端部，其内部的密闭空腔即为密封腔 32 ，密封腔 32 后壁的后侧具有一小凸台 B131 ，采血针管 12 前端固定在此凸台 B131 上，后端及针管大部分向后延伸并插置在血液样本收集管 2 的管塞中，采血针管 12 的管芯与该密封腔 32 连通，采血针管 12 与筒形空腔 33 同轴。采血针管 12 外包覆有采血密封套 15 ，血液样本收集管管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层 21 的芯孔，此芯孔内径比采血密封套 15 外径稍大。这样，采血针管 12 带同采血密封套 15 沿此芯孔穿入管塞时，采血密封套 15 受到轴向挤压压缩径向扭曲扩张变形，正好与此芯孔内孔壁挤压摩擦，更不致让采血针管 12 脱出血液样本收集管管塞。筒形空腔 33 位于密封腔 32 的后方并且其后端开放，血液样本收集管 2 管塞在前插套在该筒形空腔 33 中，筒形空腔 32 的长度小于血液样本收集管 2 的长度，套置在筒形空腔 33 中的血液样本收集管 2 的尾部裸露在筒形空腔 33 外。血液样本收集管 2 管塞由密封胶塞 22 和保护盖 23 组成，密封胶塞 22 套塞在收集管管腔中，保护盖 23 盖塞在收集管管口及密封胶塞上，血液样本收集管 2 管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管 12 后端刺穿的密封层 21, 密封层厚度为 1.5MM ，血液样本收集管 2 前端面的筒形空腔 33 具有为刺穿此密封层 21 而前推的血液样本收集管 2 容置的空间，筒形空腔 33 内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管 2 保护盖 23 适配处弹性卡触的构造，当二者处于卡触状态时，采血针管 12 后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前。图 10 、图 11 所示的就是这种状态。此弹性卡触构造是一种短弧凸卡点 38 ，此短弧凸卡点 38 以及保护盖 23 由弹性材料制成。穿刺针管管芯、密封腔、采血针管管芯以及被刺穿密封层后的血液样本收集管管腔组成一种血液通道。
参照图 9 、图 12 ，针筒 3 侧壁上轴向延伸有一种尾端封闭的滑动槽 36 ，穿刺针座推柄 132 突穿出此滑动槽 36 并露在针筒 3 外。此滑动槽 36 从针筒 3 前部一直延伸到针筒 3 后部，套置在筒形空腔 33 中的血液样本收集管 2 的保护盖 23 位于该滑动槽 36 的长度区间中，因此，该滑动槽 36 同时又是操作窗 35 。针筒 3 内腔的轴向长度大于裸露在针筒 3 外的穿刺针管 11 的长度。穿刺针管 11 、穿刺针座 13 、采血针管 12 乃至血液样本收集管 2 组成一种可以相对针筒 3 后退滑动的滑动部件。
参照图 12 ，采血结束时，可沿此滑动槽后推穿刺针座 13 暨穿刺针管 11 ，直至穿刺针管 11 完全没入针筒 3 内腔中。此时可以向后拔出血液样本收集管 2 ，使其与针筒 3 脱离。
参照图 12 、图 13 、图 14 ，还包括有一种逆止装置，该逆止装置是一种弹性对称闭合舌片 5 ，安装在穿刺针座 13 前方的针筒 3 内腔中，穿刺针管 11 尾端穿套过此闭合舌片 5 的闭合结合部并固接在穿刺针座 13 上。
这样，穿刺针管撤入后，闭合舌片 5 弹性复位阻断原穿刺针管 11 出口。阻止，后退到位的滑动部件将不能前推。从而既保证后退的穿刺针管 11 不会再推移出伤人，也可以促使本发明所述的这种针筒式真空采血器一次性使用，不会被不法分子再次使用。
参照图 10 、图 11 ，穿刺针管 11 所靠近的针筒 3 那一侧外周面上设置有一种软质敷翼 4 ，此软质敷翼 4 两侧具有翼展，敷翼底面呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形，敷翼 4 底面设置粘性胶点。
本实施例未述部分与实施例一相同。
最佳实施例：
参照图 15 、图 16 ，针筒式真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针管 11 、采血针管 12 、血液样本收集管 2 、针筒 3 、敷翼 4 、闭合舌片 5 、前端盖 6 以及由固定套 71 和滑动套 72 滑动套装在一起的伸缩保护套。针筒 3 是一中空圆柱状筒形壳体，由医用透明材料制成。前端盖 6 位于针筒 3 前方并与伸缩保护套中的固定套 71 固接，前端盖 6 后端外周面与针筒 3 外周面等大小光滑过渡，前端盖 6 前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，该楔形斜面的上缩端与前端盖 6 后端的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近前端盖 6 外周面（即靠近壳体内侧边缘）的位置形成一种小凸台 A31 ，凸台 A31 中央设置穿刺针管 11 安装通孔，穿刺针管 11 穿过安装通孔并沿滑动套 72 内腔轴向穿行并最终固定在穿刺针座上，穿刺针座 13 位于滑动套 72 尾端并与针筒 3 固接。穿刺针管 11 与针筒 3 中心平行但偏心分布，该针管的针尖以及针管的大部分均裸露在针筒 3 外。针筒 3 内部具有一伸缩保护套腔 37 、一密封腔 32 和一筒形空腔 33 ，针筒 3 内腔中部具有一间壁，此间壁前方为伸缩保护套腔 37 ，此间壁后方为密封腔 32 及筒形空腔 33 ，密封腔 32 位于筒形空腔 33 前方。穿刺针管 11 的管芯与该密封腔 32 连通。穿刺针座 13 一侧呈敞口凹槽并与针筒 3 内腔的此间壁后侧密封贴触，所形成的空腔即为密封腔 32 ，该密封腔 32 的另一侧壁即为密封腔后壁，密封腔 32 后壁的后侧具有一小凸台 B131 ，采血针管 12 前端固定在此凸台 B131 上，后端及针管大部分向后延伸并插置在血液样本收集管 2 的管塞中，采血针管 12 的管芯与该密封腔 32 连通，采血针管 12 与筒形空腔 33 同轴。采血针 12 外包覆有采血密封套 15 ，血液样本收集管管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层 21 的芯孔，此芯孔内径比采血密封套 15 外径稍大。这样，采血针管 12 带同采血密封套 15 沿此芯孔穿入管塞时，采血密封套 15 受到轴向挤压压缩径向扭曲扩张变形，正好与此芯孔内孔壁挤压摩擦，更不致让采血针管 12 脱出血液样本收集管管塞。筒形空腔 33 位于密封腔 32 的后方并且其后端开放，血液样本收集管 2 管塞在前螺旋套在该筒形空腔 33 中，筒形空腔 32 的长度小于血液样本收集管 2 的长度，套置在筒形空腔 32 中的血液样本收集管 2 的尾部裸露在筒形空腔外。血液样本收集管管塞由密封胶塞 22 和保护盖 23 组成，密封胶塞 22 套塞在收集管管腔中，保护盖 23 盖塞在收集管管口及密封胶塞上，血液样本收集管 2 管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管 12 后端刺穿的密封层 21, 密封层厚度为 1.5MM ，血液样本收集管 2 前端面的筒形空腔 33 具有为刺穿此密封层 21 而前推的血液样本收集管 2 容置的空间。筒形空腔 33 内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管 2 保护盖 23 适配处弹性卡触的构造，当二者处于卡触状态时，采血针管 12 后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前。图 15 所示的就是这种状态。此弹性卡触构造是一种短弧凸卡点，此短弧凸卡点以及保护盖 23 由弹性材料制成。穿刺针管管芯、密封腔、采血针管管芯以及被刺穿密封层后的血液样本收集管管腔组成一种血液通道。
参照图 19 ，滑动套 72 、针筒 3 、穿刺针管 11 、穿刺针座 13 以及采血针管 12 乃至血液样本收集管 2 组成一种相对相对固定套 71 滑动的滑动部件。采血结束时，可后推针筒 3 ，滑动套 72 随着针筒 3 的后退而相对固定套 71 向后滑动，也随着向后退的穿刺针管 11 也渐渐退入固定套 71 内腔中，直至完全没入固定套 71 内腔中。此时可以向后拔出血液样本收集管 2 ，使其与针筒 3 脱离。
参照图 17 、图 18 ，还包括有一种逆止装置，该逆止装置是一种弹性对称闭合舌片 5 ，安装在凸台 A31 后方的前端盖 6 内腔中，穿刺针管 11 尾端穿套过此闭合舌片 5 的闭合结合部并最后固接在穿刺针座 13 上。
这样，穿刺针管撤入后，闭合舌片 5 弹性复位阻断原穿刺针管 11 出口。阻止后退到位的滑动部件将不能前推。从而既保证后退的穿刺针管 11 不会再推移出伤人，也可以促使本发明所述的这种针筒式真空采血器一次性使用，不会被不法分子再次使用。
参照图 15 、图 16 ，穿刺针管 11 所靠近的针筒 3 那一侧外周面上设置有一种软质敷翼 4 ，此软质敷翼 4 两侧具有翼展，敷翼底面呈一种与人体肘部相适配的凹弧形，敷翼 4 底面设置粘性胶点。
本实施例未述部分与实施例一相同。

Claims (29)

  1. 针筒式真空采血器，包括血管穿刺针管、采血针管和血液样本收集管，其特征在于，还包括有一种针筒，血管穿刺针管的尾端以靠近针筒外周面的方式偏心插置在针筒前端部的穿刺针座上，该针管的针尖以及针管的大部分均裸露在针筒外，针筒内部具有一密封腔和一筒形空腔，其中密封腔位于筒形空腔前，血管穿刺针管的管芯与该密封腔连通，采血针管的前端固置在该密封腔壁上，后端及针管大部分向后延伸并插置在血液样本收集管的管塞中，采血针管的管芯与该密封腔连通，筒形空腔位于密封腔的后方并且其后端开放，血液样本收集管管塞在前以可拆装的的方式套置在该筒形空腔中，血液样本收集管管塞后端壁具有一可被采血针管后端刺穿的密封层 , 血液样本收集管前端面的筒形空腔具有为刺穿此密封层而前推的血液样本收集管容置的空间，血管穿刺针管管芯、密封腔、采血针管管芯以及被刺穿密封层后的血液样本收集管管腔组成一种血液通道。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，靠近针筒外周面布置并向前延伸的血管穿刺针管与针筒的中心平行。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒前部的密封腔是一种回血腔，针筒外周面与该密封腔相适配的位置上具有可观察回血的透视部。
  4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒前端部呈一种上缩下伸的楔形，血管穿刺针管在该楔形的下伸端头与针筒固接，可观察回血的透视部位于该楔形的斜面上。
  5. 根据权利要求 4 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，该楔形斜面的上缩端与针筒的外周面交叉，该楔形斜面的下伸端在靠近针筒外周面的位置形成一种小凸台 A ，血管穿刺针管尾端通过此凸台 A 与针筒固接。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，密封腔后盖上具有一小凸台 B ,采血针管前端固定在此凸台
    B 上。
  7. 根据权利要求 1 或 6 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，采血针管与针筒同心布置，并沿着针筒中心向后延伸。
  8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔具有前端壁，该密封腔后盖与筒形空腔前端壁之间具有间隔，向后延伸穿过此筒形空腔前端壁的采血针管同时支座在该筒形空腔前端壁上。
  9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，采血针管外包覆有采血密封套，血液样本收集管管塞中心设置有轴向延伸至密封层的芯孔，此芯孔内径比采血密封套外径稍大。
  10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管管塞密封层厚度为 3-0.5MM 。
  11. 根据权利要求 10 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管管塞密封层厚度为 1.5-0.5MM 。
  12. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔内具有与血液样本收集管管塞相适配的构造，其与血液样本收集管管塞配合连接形成较紧实的连接关系，血液样本收集管经由此构造装入和取出筒形空腔。
  13. 根据权利要求 12 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管插置在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种尺寸上过渡配合联接的构造。
  14. 根据权利要求 12 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔内壁沿周向对称设置有与血液样本收集管管塞适配处弹性卡触的构造，当二者处于卡触状态时，采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前，经由此弹性卡触构造筒形空腔内壁与管塞形成弹性紧迫连接状态，但此弹性阻滞力小于手动施加的轴向力。
  15. 根据权利要求 14 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，此弹性卡触构造可以是一种短弧凸卡点，或者此短弧凸卡点或者血液样本收集管管塞由弹性材料制成。
  16. 根据权利要求 15 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，这种短弧凸卡点是一种突凸在筒形空腔内壁上的凸点，厚度低浅而且前后侧均有便于管塞爬行穿越的弧形过渡。
  17. 根据权利要求 12 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔内与管塞相适配的构造共有两种，其中一种是复数个沿筒形空腔的内壁周向分布或对称分布的弹性卡触的构造，另一种相适配的构造是制作在管塞外周面上的 L 形槽以及制作在筒形空腔内壁上的突凸点，该突凸点从位于管塞前端面的 L 形槽竖直段的端头进入 L 形槽并可在其中滑动，当筒形空腔内壁与管塞弹性卡触时，该突凸点已进入 L 形槽中的竖直段中但尚未到达该竖直段的底端，此时采血针管后端恰处于待刺穿的密封层前，当前顶血液样本收集管至采血针管刺穿密封层后，该突凸点恰到达该竖直段的底端，此时旋转血液样本收集管，该突凸点进入 L 形槽中的横折段。
  18. 根据权利要求 12 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管螺纹连接在筒形空腔中，相适配的构造是一种螺纹连接构造。
  19. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，血液样本收集管管塞由密封胶塞和保护盖组成，密封胶塞套塞在收集管管腔中，保护盖盖塞在收集管管口及密封胶塞上。
  20. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，筒形空腔的长度小于血液样本收集管的长度，套置在筒形空腔中的血液样本收集管的尾部裸露在筒形空腔外。
  21. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，针筒在与血液样本收集管管塞内含在针筒内相适配的位置上沿针筒轴向设置有一种长条槽作为操作窗，此操作窗共有两个，相对分布在针筒的两侧。
  22. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，穿刺针座位于针筒前端壁内侧的针筒内腔中，穿刺针座内腔即为密封腔，针筒侧壁上轴向延伸有一种尾端设置有后退障碍的滑动槽，穿刺针座推柄突穿出此滑动槽并露在针筒外，针筒内腔的轴向长度大于裸露在针筒外的穿刺针管的长度，穿刺针管、穿刺针座、采血针管乃至收集管组成一种可以相对针筒后退滑动的滑动部件，随着滑动部件的后退穿刺针管回缩到针筒内腔中。
  23. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，穿刺针座位于针筒前端壁内侧的针筒内腔中，穿刺针座内腔即为密封腔，针筒侧壁上轴向延伸有一种尾端设置有后退障碍的滑动槽，穿刺针座推柄突穿出此滑动槽并露在针筒外，针筒内腔的轴向长度大于裸露在针筒外的穿刺针管的长度，穿刺针管、穿刺针座、采血针管乃至收集管组成一种可以相对针筒后退滑动的滑动部件，随着滑动部件的后退穿刺针管回缩到针筒内腔中，还包括有一种逆止装置，此逆止装置安装在滑动部件与针筒之间，后退至穿刺针管缩回到针筒内腔中的滑动部件若逆向前推将与此逆止装置阻止接触。
  24. 根据权利要求 23 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，该逆止装置是一种弹性对称闭合舌片，安装在穿刺针座前方的针筒内腔中，穿刺针管尾端穿套过此闭合舌片的闭合结合部并固接在穿刺针座上，穿刺针管撤入后，舌片弹性复位阻断原穿刺针管出口。
  25. 根据权利要求 23 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，该逆止装置由弹性卡扣和凹坑组成，弹性卡扣位于针筒上，凹坑位于滑动部件上，后退到位的滑动部件其凹坑恰与弹性卡扣卡接，从而阻止穿刺针管前推。
  26. 根据权利要求 25 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，该弹性卡扣由弹性悬舌以及悬舌顶端的卡扣组成，靠近针筒滑动槽尾端沿与滑动槽平行的间隔处掏空并让此掏空在滑动槽尾端与滑动槽' U '形连穿，此' U '形中央即形成一弹性悬舌，卡扣位于此弹性悬舌顶端并突凸在滑动槽中，凹坑位于穿刺针座的推柄上，沿滑动槽后退到位的穿刺针座推柄，其凹坑恰与此卡扣卡接。
  27. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，还包括有一种由固定套和滑动套滑动套装在一起的伸缩保护套，针筒与滑动套尾端固接，穿刺针座位于滑动套尾端并与针筒固接，穿刺针座内腔即为密封腔，穿刺针管沿滑动套内腔轴向穿行并最终固定在穿刺针座上，滑动套、针筒、穿刺针管、穿刺针座以及采血针管乃至血液样本收集管组成一种相对相对固定套滑动的滑动部件，随着滑动部件的后退穿刺针管回缩到固定套内腔中。
  28. 根据权利要求 1 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，还包括有一种由固定套和滑动套滑动套装在一起的伸缩保护套和一种逆止装置，针筒与滑动套尾端固接，穿刺针座位于滑动套尾端并与针筒固接，穿刺针座内腔即为密封腔，穿刺针管沿滑动套内腔轴向穿行并最终固定在穿刺针座上，滑动套、针筒、穿刺针管、穿刺针座以及采血针管乃至血液样本收集管组成一种相对相对固定套滑动的滑动部件，随着滑动部件的后退穿刺针管回缩到固定套内腔中，此逆止装置安装在滑动部件与固定套之间，后退至穿刺针管缩回到固定套内腔中的滑动部件若逆向前推将与此逆止装置阻止接触。
  29. 根据权利要求 28 所述的针筒式真空采血器，其特征在于，该逆止装置是一种弹性对称闭合舌片，安装在穿刺针座前方、固定套前端壁的内腔中，穿刺针管尾端穿套过此闭合舌片的闭合结合部并固接在穿刺针座上，穿刺针管撤入后，舌片弹性复位阻断原穿刺针管出口。
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