WO2014166405A1 - 一种基于OpenFlow协议的计费的方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种基于OpenFlow协议的计费的方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014166405A1
WO2014166405A1 PCT/CN2014/075062 CN2014075062W WO2014166405A1 WO 2014166405 A1 WO2014166405 A1 WO 2014166405A1 CN 2014075062 W CN2014075062 W CN 2014075062W WO 2014166405 A1 WO2014166405 A1 WO 2014166405A1
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Prior art keywords
charging
openflow
billing
flow
data
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PCT/CN2014/075062
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘亚林
王樱
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP14782320.7A priority Critical patent/EP2975869A4/en
Priority to KR1020157031840A priority patent/KR20150139941A/ko
Publication of WO2014166405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014166405A1/zh
Priority to US14/879,725 priority patent/US20160036597A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02Details
    • H04L12/14Charging, metering or billing arrangements for data wireline or wireless communications
    • H04L12/1403Architecture for metering, charging or billing
    • H04L12/1407Policy-and-charging control [PCC] architecture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H04M15/65Off-line charging system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02Details
    • H04L12/14Charging, metering or billing arrangements for data wireline or wireless communications
    • H04L12/1403Architecture for metering, charging or billing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/20Traffic policing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H04M15/82Criteria or parameters used for performing billing operations
    • H04M15/8228Session based
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/34Signalling channels for network management communication
    • H04L41/342Signalling channels for network management communication between virtual entities, e.g. orchestrators, SDN or NFV entities
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H04M15/66Policy and charging system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and system for charging based on an OpenFlow protocol (an interface protocol between a routing control plane and a data plane).
  • OpenFlow protocol an interface protocol between a routing control plane and a data plane.
  • a routing protocol is run in a traditional router, such as an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol.
  • OSPF Open Shortest Path First
  • a routing protocol can generate a routing table based on network topology information, and the routing table is the basis of routing forwarding. Since the routing protocol needs to know the information of all nodes or subnets on the network, the routing table is very large. With the development of the network, the rapid expansion of the routing table will bring about the problem of route convergence. When a router in a network, especially a router of a critical node, fails, the whole network may be paralyzed, resulting in an important technology of the network. The reason is that the traditional router relies on the routing protocol such as OSPF. It can only select one optimal route.
  • OSPF Open Shortest Path First
  • SDN software-defined networking
  • the basic idea is to separate the control from the bearer. All the intelligence is concentrated on the control plane, and the bearer layer only forwards. And accept control of the control layer.
  • SDN itself defines a network architecture, which mainly includes three parts: the basic network layer, the control layer, and the application layer.
  • the basic network layer mainly includes routing and forwarding devices. Since the currently standardized interface between the control layer and the underlying network layer adopts the OpenFlow protocol, the device at the base network layer is called an OpenFlow switch.
  • OpenFlow is a network-programmable mechanism that performs topology management through the OpenFlow controller at the control layer, and rewrites the forwarding table of the OpenFlow switch through the OpenFlow interface to redefine the path of the data stream.
  • the extension of the OpenFlow protocol in the prior art is not sufficient. Summary of the invention
  • a method and a system for charging based on the OpenFlow protocol are provided, which can meet the charging requirement.
  • a method for charging based on an OpenFlow protocol including:
  • the interface protocol between the routing control plane and the data plane receives the session request by the OpenFlow switch; [08] According to a preset charging rule, the OpenFlow switch collects charging data for the session by using a charging parameter obtained by the OpenFlow interface.
  • the OpenFlow switch sends the collected charging data to a charging system, so that the charging system performs charging according to the charging data.
  • the OpenFlow switch sends the collected charging data to a charging system, including:
  • the OpenFlow switch sends the collected charging data to an OpenFlow controller, and the charging data is sent to the charging system by using the OpenFlow controller.
  • the charging parameter includes:
  • the OpenFlow switch is configured according to a pre-acquisition
  • the fee parameter collects billing data for the session, including:
  • the OpenFlow switch adds the charging parameter of the session to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the flow to be charged according to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the flow to be charged.
  • different users correspond to different charging IDs; each charging ID corresponds to one charging table, or each charging ID corresponds to multiple charging tables and each of the same charging IDs
  • a flow ID corresponds to a billing table.
  • the billing table includes at least the following fields:
  • the OpenFlow switch is an OpenFlow wireless access device or an OpenFlow gateway router.
  • the second aspect provides a system for charging based on the OpenFlow protocol, including an OpenFlow controller, an OpenFlow switch, and a charging subsystem.
  • the OpenFlow controller is configured to send a charging parameter to the OpenFlow switch according to a preset charging rule.
  • the OpenFlow switch is configured to receive a session request, perform charging data collection on the session according to the charging parameter sent by the OpenFlow controller, and send the collected charging data to the charging.
  • the charging subsystem is configured to perform charging according to charging data sent by the OpenFlow switch.
  • the charging parameter includes:
  • the OpenFlow switch is specifically configured to use the charging ID and the required charging according to the session.
  • the ID of the stream, the charging parameter of the session is added to the charging table corresponding to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the stream to be charged, wherein different users correspond to different charging IDs;
  • One billing ID corresponds to one billing table, or each billing ID corresponds to multiple billing tables, and each stream ID under the same billing ID corresponds to one billing table.
  • the charging table includes at least the following Field:
  • the OpenFlow switch is an OpenFlow wireless access device or an OpenFlow gateway router.
  • a system for charging based on OpenFlow protocol including an OpenFlow controller, an OpenFlow switch, and a charging subsystem, is also provided.
  • the OpenFlow controller is configured to send a charging parameter to the OpenFlow switch, and send the charging data collected by the OpenFlow switch to the charging subsystem;
  • the OpenFlow switch is configured to receive a session request, perform charging data collection on the session according to the charging parameter sent by the OpenFlow controller, and send the collected charging data to the OpenFlow controller. ;
  • the charging subsystem is configured to perform charging according to charging data sent by the OpenFlow controller.
  • the charging parameter includes:
  • the OpenFlow switch is specifically configured to perform charging according to the charging ID of the session and the required charging.
  • the ID of the stream, the charging parameter of the session is added to the charging table corresponding to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the stream to be charged, wherein different users correspond to different charging IDs;
  • One billing ID corresponds to one billing table, or each billing ID corresponds to multiple billing tables, and each stream ID under the same billing ID corresponds to one billing table.
  • the charging table includes at least the following Field:
  • the OpenFlow switch is an OpenFlow wireless access device or an OpenFlow gateway router.
  • the embodiment of the present invention implements the application of the OpenFlow protocol in an operator, especially a mobile communication network, by adding a charging function based on an OpenFlow interface and an OpenFlow switch, so that OpenFlow can be used in a communication network to adapt The new architecture and features of the future mobile network.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for charging based on the OpenFlow protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of charging an immediate event according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of session charging based on unit reservation in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a charging table according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of an OpenFlow flow table defined in the prior art;
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of an OpenFlow flow table according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of a charging field in the OpenFlow flow table shown in FIG. 5b
  • FIG. 6 is based on an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another system based on the OpenFlow protocol for charging according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is another OpenFlow protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another system for charging based on the OpenFlow protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the "stream” in the embodiment of the present invention refers to a plurality of data packets sent or received from one node, and generally classifies data packets having the same type of characteristics into one stream.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for charging according to an OpenFlow protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention. [55] The method can include:
  • Step 101 The OpenFlow switch receives the session request.
  • the OpenFlow switch can be an OpenFlow gateway router or an OpenFlow wireless access device that supports OpenFlow function.
  • the OpenFlow gateway router is mainly responsible for collecting outgoing user data
  • the OpenFlow wireless access device is mainly responsible for communication between users in the mobile system. Data collection. The next step is performed when the OpenFlow switch receives the session request.
  • Step 102 According to a preset charging rule, the OpenFlow switch collects charging data for the session by using a charging parameter obtained by the OpenFlow interface.
  • the charging control information is controlled by a Policy and Charging Rule Function (PCRF).
  • PCRF Policy and Charging Rule Function
  • the OpenFlow protocol is required to support the meter. Fee parameter control. That is, it is necessary to preset a charging rule that can communicate between the PCRF and the OpenFlow switch.
  • Charging-Rul e-Instal l Used to activate, install, and modify billing rules.
  • Charging-Rul e-Remove Used to deactivate or delete the charging rules.
  • Charging-Rul e-Report Used to report the status of charging rules, including whether the rules are successfully installed, deleted, modified, etc.
  • the charging parameters of the OpenFlow can be sent to the OpenFlow switch through the OpenFlow interface by the controller, for example, the OpenFlow controller.
  • the charging parameters can include:
  • Billing method Online billing or offline billing
  • Billing type Is it flow meter or time billing?
  • Fees How much traffic or duration can be used.
  • Billing data reporting mode Timed report or event trigger. If it is an event trigger, you need to define the trigger event. The timed report needs to determine the time interval, start time, and so on.
  • the charging parameter may also be set according to a specific charging rule, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • Step 103 The OpenFlow switch sends the collected charging data to the charging system, so that the charging system performs charging according to the charging data.
  • the OpenFlow switch can send the charging data to the charging system in multiple manners based on different architectures.
  • the billing system may be an On-line Charging System (OCS) or an offline billing system (OFCS).
  • OCS On-line Charging System
  • OFCS offline billing system
  • the OpenFlow switch when an event requirement is met in the charging process, the OpenFlow switch needs to report the current state, and the OpenFlow controller may be reported when the user fee reaches a certain limit. Determine further actions.
  • the embodiment of the present invention implements the application of the OpenFlow protocol in an operator, especially a mobile communication network, by adding a charging function based on an OpenFlow interface and an OpenFlow switch, so that OpenFlow can be used in a communication network to adapt to the future.
  • the process in which the OpenFlow switch sends the collected charging data to the charging system may be in two ways:
  • the OpenFlow switch directly sends the charging data to the charging system through the interface of the traditional charging system between the OpenFlow switch and the charging system.
  • the OpenFlow switch needs to add the interface of the traditional billing system. BP needs to preset the billing rules that can communicate between the PCRF and the OpenFlow switch. After the OpenFlow switch obtains the billing data, the billing data can be sent to the billing system through the traditional interface.
  • the collected billing data is sent by the OpenFlow switch to the OpenFlow controller through the OpenFlow interface, and the billing data is sent to the billing system through the OpenFlow controller.
  • the interface of the traditional charging system is not required, and the OpenFlow interface can be used for charging control. Since the OpenFlow protocol interface supports many status and statistics reporting of OpenFlow, the OpenFlow interface can be extended to support the charging function. After the OpenFlow switch obtains the charging data, the charging data can be obtained through the extended OpenFlow interface. The data is sent to the OpenFlow controller, and the billing data is sent to the billing system by the OpenFlow controller.
  • the interface of the second mode is more single, and the gateway function can be well compatible with the OpenFlow switch without additional interface support.
  • the OpenFlow controller (or network controller) needs to be exchanged with the billing system to implement billing control.
  • the OpenFlow interface needs to support the Credit (Account) request function.
  • the OpenFlow interface needs to support several scenarios of Diameter: immediate event charging, event charging based on unit reservation, and session charging based on unit reservation (refer to 3GPP 32. 299 for details).
  • it is an charging process of an immediate event.
  • the OpenFlow access node/gateway node receives the service request in step 1, in the reserved unit operation, in step 2, OpenFlow is connected.
  • the ingress/gateway node sends a Credit Control Request to the PCRF/OpenFlow controller.
  • the Credit request is mainly used for request control, and the response message of the PCRF/OpenFlow controller in Step 3 contains the authorized service unit, price information, and remaining account information.
  • Step 5 is when the OpenFlow access node/gateway node terminates the session.
  • the initiated Credi t control request carries the quantity information used in the request so that the billing system can perform billing.
  • Step 6 is the feedback information of the PCRF/OpenFlow controller, including the fee information, the remaining accounts, and the like.
  • the event charging process based on unit reservation is the same as the process of immediate event, except that the message type is different.
  • the session charging process based on unit reservation is as follows:
  • step 3 will include parameters to control user account fees, such as Val i di ty-Time parameters and Low-Balance-Indication parameters.
  • the OpenFlow wireless access point and the gateway router need to send an update request to the charging system to report the used time or amount of data.
  • the billing system returns a new authorization service unit, rate information, and new bill balance information.
  • Step 10 includes rate information and new billing balance information.
  • the OpenFlow protocol can support the parameters and processes related to the above process.
  • the specific parameters that need to be supported are as follows: [87] Request Type: Includes initial request, update request, and termination request.
  • Unit information used such as effective time, amount of data, etc.
  • Authorized service unit Information such as time, amount of data, etc. that can be used.
  • the process of collecting the charging data of the session by the OpenFlow switch according to the charging parameter sent by the OpenFlow controller may specifically include:
  • the OpenFlow switch adds the charging parameter of the session to the charging table corresponding to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the flow to be charged according to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the flow to be charged. .
  • each charging ID may correspond to one charging table, or each charging ID may correspond to multiple charging tables, and each of the same charging IDs
  • a flow ID corresponds to a billing table.
  • Method 1 For a billing user, there may be multiple streams. For example, the QoS class of each stream may be different. Therefore, there are cases where multiple flows are charged by the same meter.
  • the billing table may include the following fields: billing ID, stream ID/stream information, billing method, stream type, counter, and the like.
  • the charging table may also include other fields or partial fields in the above fields, and the order of the fields in the accounting table is not limited to that shown in FIG.
  • Billing ID The identification number of the OpenFlow switch that uniquely identifies the user's billing information, used for user division. Required field, recommended field length 32 bits.
  • Flow ID (or flow information): Since each flow table entry in each flow table in the current OpenFlow switch does not contain ID information, if you want to be able to distinguish each flow, you need to assign one for each flow. ID to identify the flow. If the OpenFlow switch supports/adds this function, the flow ID can be used to distinguish the flow. Otherwise, stream matching is required to match the stream.
  • the flow information refers to the information about the service flow, including the source IP address of the service flow, the destination IP address, the far TCP port, the destination TCP port, and the service layer information, and even the lower layer VLAN, MPLS label, and the like. Fee configuration requirements.
  • Charging mode The charging that identifies the flow is based on time-based charging or traffic-based charging. Even if the flow of the Unified Classify ID (QCI) is different, the billing method is different. Then, different billing information needs to be collected.
  • QCI Unified Classify ID
  • Flow Category Used to identify the QoS Class (QCI) to which the flow belongs.
  • QCI QoS Class
  • 3GPP LTE defines nine different categories of services. In the actual charging, different types of services may adopt the same charging mode. This field is mainly used for the statistical reference of the accounting server when generating charging information.
  • Counter The counter is mainly used to collect statistics on the stream, and obtain the statistics of the stream.
  • the unit may be time or number of bytes, depending on the billing method.
  • Trigger is mainly used to trigger the billing report.
  • the OpenFlow switch needs to be triggered to report the billing parameters to the billing server. This The parameters may not be included in the table, but there must be other places in the switch to implement the trigger function.
  • the switch needs to implement billing configuration information for each stream, including the trigger duration of the billing report, the flow unit, and the like.
  • a billing ID corresponds to the billing entries of multiple streams, and the billing entry of each stream can support operations such as inserting, deleting, activating, and deactivating.
  • the OpenFlow switch sends a request (credi t control request) message to the charging system.
  • Method 2 Each user corresponds to a charging ID, and each flow is configured with an accounting table, and the relationship between each flow table is not associated. That is, each billing ID corresponds to multiple billing tables, and each stream ID under the same billing ID corresponds to one billing table.
  • a billing table For example, when defining a billing table, a certain type of service can define a billing flow table. Therefore, a user can have multiple billing flow tables, and each flow table corresponds to a different type of service.
  • a user can also have only one flow table, and the billing data of different services is counted by different counters in the table, which is convenient for user information management and the like.
  • the billing table can be integrated into the OpenFlow stream table as a direct embedded billing function.
  • Figure 5a shows the format of an OpenFlow flow table defined in the prior art, which may include a matching field ( Match Fi eld ). Priority (Priori ty), Counter (Counters), indications (instructions), timeouts (Timeouts), sessions Cache (Cooki es) and so on.
  • the OpenFlow flow table may be as shown in FIG. 5b, and the Charging field is added to the original OpenFlow flow table.
  • the location of the charging field in FIG. 5b is only an example, and Variety. Specifically, the charging field may further include a field as shown in FIG.
  • the charging field may further include other fields or the foregoing FIG. 5c. Some of the fields in the field are shown, and the order in which the fields are arranged in the table is not limited to that shown in Fig. 5c.
  • the field contains a stream ID that uniquely identifies the billing stream, if The OpenFlow flow table itself adds the stream ID function, and this field can be omitted.
  • the OpenFlow controller or the billing system is required to associate the billing stream and the user by itself, and the stream is mapped to each user. If a user has multiple streams at the same time, each stream independently triggers the accounting statistics report. [114] Adding the above new meter function to the OpenFlow switch makes it easier to implement billing data collection and statistics.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for charging based on the OpenFlow protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system can include an OpenFlow controller 601, an 0penFlow switch 602, and a billing subsystem 603.
  • the OpenFlow controller 601 is configured to send a charging parameter to the OpenFlow switch 602 according to a preset charging rule.
  • the OpenFlow switch 602 is configured to receive a session request, perform charging data collection on the session according to the charging parameter sent by the OpenFlow controller 601, and send the collected charging data to the charging.
  • the charging subsystem 603 is configured to perform charging according to the charging data sent by the OpenFlow switch 602.
  • the charging control information is controlled by a Policy and Charging Rule Function (PCRF), in the embodiment of the present invention, There is no direct interface between the PCRF and the OpenFlow switch.
  • PCRF Policy and Charging Rule Function
  • the policy control is performed on the flow table control of the OpenFlow.
  • the OpenFlow protocol is required to support the charging parameter control.
  • Gp a charging rule that can communicate with the PCRF and OpenFlow switches is required.
  • Charging-Rul e-Instal l Used to activate, install, and modify billing rules.
  • Charging-Rule-Remove Used to deactivate or delete charging rules.
  • Charging-Rule-Report Used to report the status of charging rules, including whether the rules are successfully installed, deleted, modified, etc.
  • the charging parameters of the OpenFlow can be sent to the OpenFlow switch through the OpenFlow interface by the controller, for example, the OpenFlow controller.
  • the charging parameters may include:
  • Billing method online billing or offline billing
  • Billing type Whether it is flow metering or time billing
  • Fee amount How much traffic or duration can be used.
  • Billing data reporting mode Timing report or event triggering. If it is an event trigger, you need to define the trigger event. The timing report needs to determine the time interval, start time, and so on.
  • the charging parameter may also be set according to a specific charging rule, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the application of the OpenFlow protocol in an operator is implemented by adding a charging function on the basis of an OpenFlow switch, which greatly simplifies the complexity of the current mobile gateway and adapts to future mobility. New architecture and features of the network.
  • the OpenFlow switch may include an OpenFlow radio accessor 701 and an OpenFlow gateway router 702, and the billing subsystem may include 0FCS 703 and 0CS 704.
  • the OpenFlow wireless access device 701 is provided with an interface of a traditional charging system, and the OpenFlow wireless accessor 701 is simultaneously connected to the 0FCS 703 and the 0CS 704 through the traditional interface, and is mainly responsible for communication between users in the mobile system. Collection of data.
  • the OpenFlow gateway router 702 is also provided with an interface of the traditional billing system.
  • the OpenFlow gateway router 702 is also connected to the 0FCS 703 and the 0CS 704 through the conventional interface, and is mainly responsible for collecting the outgoing user data.
  • the PCRF can be located in the OpenFlow controller through OpenFlow.
  • the controller sends the charging parameter to the OpenFlow wireless access device 701 and the OpenFlow gateway router 702.
  • the charging parameter may include: the identifier information ID of the stream to be charged, the flow information, the charging mode, and the charging type. , fee amount, billing data reporting method.
  • the OpenFlow wireless accessor 701 or the OpenFlow gateway router 702 can collect the charging data according to the charging parameter sent by the OpenFlow controller, and then The collected charging data is sent to the 0FCS 703 or the 0CS 704 through the interface of the traditional charging system, and is charged by the 0FCS 703 or the 0CS 704.
  • the foregoing OpenFlow switch such as an OpenFlow wireless access device and an OpenFlow gateway router, may internally set an accounting table, and after collecting charging data, may be based on the charging ID of the session. And the ID of the flow to be charged, adding the charging parameter of the session to the charging table corresponding to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the flow to be charged, wherein different users correspond to different accounting Fee ID;
  • Each billing ID corresponds to one billing table, or each billing ID corresponds to multiple billing tables, and each stream ID under the same billing ID corresponds to one billing table.
  • Fields can also be included in the billing table: billing method, stream category, counter.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another system for charging based on the OpenFlow protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system may also include an OpenFlow controller 801, an OpenFlow switch 802, and a billing subsystem 803.
  • the OpenFlow controller 801 is configured to send a charging parameter to the OpenFlow switch 802 according to a preset charging rule, and send the charging data collected by the OpenFlow switch 802 to the charging subsystem 803. ;
  • the OpenFlow switch 802 is configured to receive a session request, perform charging data collection on the session according to the charging parameter sent by the OpenFlow controller 801, and send the collected charging data to the OpenFlow control. 801;
  • the charging subsystem 803 is configured to perform charging according to the charging data sent by the OpenFlow controller 801.
  • the embodiment of the present invention implements the application of the OpenFlow protocol in an operator, especially a mobile communication network, by adding a charging function on the basis of an OpenFlow switch, which greatly simplifies the complexity of the current mobile gateway and adapts to future mobility. New architecture and features of the network.
  • the OpenFlow switch may include an OpenFlow radio accessor 901 and an OpenFlow gateway router 902, and the billing subsystem may include an OFDMS 903 and an OCCS 904.
  • the policy control is performed on the flow table control of the OpenFlow.
  • the OpenFlow protocol is required to support the charging parameters. control.
  • the PCRF may be located in the OpenFlow controller, and the charging parameter is sent to the OpenFlow wireless access device 901 and the OpenFlow gateway router 902 by using the OpenFlow controller.
  • the charging parameter may include: an identifier information ID of the flow to be charged and Flow information, billing method, billing type, fee amount, and billing data reporting method.
  • a functional unit is also required in the OpenFlow controller to perform interaction with the billing subsystems 0FCS 903 and 0CS 904, while enabling interaction with OpenFlow devices.
  • Both the OpenFlow Wireless Accessor 901 and the OpenFlow Gateway Router 902 are connected to the OpenFlow Controller via the OpenFlow interface.
  • the OpenFlow wireless accessor 901 or the OpenFlow gateway router 902 can collect the charging data according to the charging parameter sent by the OpenFlow controller, and then The collected charging data is sent to the OpenFlow controller through the OpenFlow interface, and then the charging data is sent to the 0FCS 903 or the 0CS 904 by the OpenFlow controller, and the charging is performed by the 0FCS 903 or the 0CS 904.
  • the foregoing OpenFlow switch such as an OpenFlow wireless access device and an OpenFlow gateway router, may internally set an accounting table, and after collecting charging data, may be based on the charging ID of the session. And the ID of the flow to be charged, adding the charging parameter of the session to the charging table corresponding to the charging ID of the session and the ID of the flow to be charged, wherein different users correspond to different accounting Fee ID;
  • Each billing ID corresponds to one billing table, or each billing ID corresponds to multiple billing tables, and each stream ID under the same billing ID corresponds to one billing table.
  • the billing table may also include fields: billing ID, stream ID, billing method, stream type, counter. For the specific content and setting of the charging table, refer to the corresponding description of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple networks. On the unit. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a disk or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种基于OpenFlow协议的计费的方法及系统。所述方法包括:路由控制面和数据面之间的接口协议OpenFlow交换机接收会话请求;根据预设的计费规则,所述OpenFlow交换机通过OpenFlow接口获得的计费参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集;所述OpenFlow交换机将收集的所述计费数据发送至计费系统,以使所述计费系统根据所述计费数据进行计费。本发明实施例通过在OpenFlow接口及OpenFlow交换机上增加计费功能,从而实现OpenFlow协议在运营商,尤其是移动通信网络中的应用,从而使OpenFlow可以用于通信网,以适应未来移动网络新的架构及功能。

Description

一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的方法及系统
技术领域
[01] 本发明涉及通信技术领域,特别是涉及一种基于 OpenFlow协议(用于路由控制 面和数据面之间的一种接口协议) 进行计费的方法及系统。 背景技术
[02] 在传统的路由器中运行着路由协议, 如开放式最短路径优先(Open Shortest Path First , OSPF ) 协议, 路由协议能够根据网络拓扑信息生成路由表, 路由表就 是路由转发的基础。 由于路由协议需要知道网络上所有节点或子网的信息, 因此, 路由表的规模很大。 而随着网络的发展, 路由表的急剧膨胀会带来路由收敛的问题, 当网络中某个路由器, 尤其是关键节点的路由器发生故障时, 可能会造成整个网络 瘫痪,导致网络瘫痪的重要技术原因在于传统的路由器依赖于 OSPF这一类路由协议, 其仅能选择一条最佳路由, 而由于路由表巨大, 当某个路由器出现故障时, 路由收 敛很慢, 因此造成网络瘫痪。 [03] 基于此, 人们提出了软件定义的网络(Software-defined networking, SDN)的 概念, 其基本思路是将控制与承载进行分离, 所有的智能都集中在控制面, 而承载 层只进行转发以及接受控制层的控制。 SDN本身定义的是一个网络架构,主要包括三 部分: 基础网络层、 控制层以及应用层。 在 SDN架构中, 基础网络层主要包括路由 和转发设备。由于控制层和基础网络层之间目前被标准化的接口采用 OpenFlow协议, 因此,基础网络层的设备被称为 OpenFlow交换机。 OpenFlow就是一种网络可编程的 机制, 它通过位于控制层的 OpenFlow控制器来进行拓扑管理, 通过 OpenFlow接口 对 OpenFlow交换机的转发表进行改写, 从而重新定义数据流的路径。 但现有技术中 对 OpenFlow协议的扩展使用并不充分。 发明内容
[04] 本发明实施例中提供了一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的方法及系统,能够满足 计费要求。
[05] 为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明实施例公开了如下技术方案: [06] 第一方面, 提供一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的方法, 包括:
[07] 路由控制面和数据面之间的接口协议 OpenFlow交换机接收会话请求; [08] 根据预设的计费规则, 所述 OpenFlow交换机通过 OpenFlow接口获得的计费参 数对所述会话进行计费数据收集。
[09] 所述 OpenFlow交换机将收集的所述计费数据发送至计费系统,以使所述计费系 统根据所述计费数据进行计费。 [10] 结合上述第一方面,在第一种可能的实现方式中,所述 OpenFlow交换机将收集 的所述计费数据发送至计费系统, 包括:
[11] 所述 OpenFlow交换机将收集的所述计费数据发送至 OpenFlow控制器, 通过所 述 OpenFlow控制器将所述计费数据发送至所述计费系统。
[12] 结合上述第一方面,和 /或第一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中, 所述计费参数包括:
[13] 所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、 计费类型、 费额、 计费数 据报告方式。
[14] 结合上述第一方面, 和 /或第一种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第二种可能的实现方 式, 在第三种可能的实现方式中, 所述 OpenFlow交换机按照预先获得的计费参数对 所述会话进行计费数据收集, 包括:
[15] 所述 OpenFlow交换机根据所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID,将所述会 话的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费表中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID ; 每一个计费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一个 计费 ID对应多个计费表且同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应一个计费表。 [16] 结合上述第一方面, 和 /或第一种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第二种可能的实现方 式, 和 /或第三种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述计费表中至少 包括下列字段:
[17] 计费 ID、 流 ID、 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器。
[18] 结合上述第一方面, 和 /或第一种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第二种可能的实现方 式, 和 /或第三种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第四种可能的实现方式, 在第五种可能的 实现方式中,所述 OpenFlow交换机为 OpenFlow无线接入器或 OpenFlow网关路由器。
[19] 第二方面,提供一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统,包括 OpenFlow控制器、 OpenFlow交换机和计费子系统, [20] 根据预设的计费规则, 所述 OpenFlow控制器, 用于向所述 OpenFlow交换机下 发计费参数;
[21] 所述 OpenFlow交换机, 用于接收会话请求; 按照所述 OpenFlow控制器下发的 计费参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集; 将收集的所述计费数据发送至所述计费子 系统;
[22] 所述计费子系统, 用于根据所述 OpenFlow交换机发送的计费数据进行计费。 [23] 结合上述第二方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 所述计费参数包括:
[24] 所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、 计费类型、 费额、 计费数 据报告方式。 [25] 结合上述第二方面,和 /或第一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中, 所述 OpenFlow交换机, 具体用于根据所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将 所述会话的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费 表中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID; 每一个计费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一个计费 ID对应多个计费表且同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应一个计费表。 [26] 结合上述第二方面, 和 /或第一种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第二种可能的实现方 式, 在第三种可能的实现方式中, 所述计费表中至少包括下列字段:
[27] 计费 ID、 流 ID、 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器。
[28] 结合上述第二方面, 和 /或第一种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第二种可能的实现方 式, 和 /或第三种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述 OpenFlow交 换机为 OpenFlow无线接入器或 OpenFlow网关路由器。
[29] 第三方面, 还提供一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统, 包括 OpenFlow控制 器、 OpenFlow交换机和计费子系统,
[30] 根据预设的计费规则, 所述 OpenFlow控制器, 用于向所述 OpenFlow交换机下 发计费参数; 将所述 OpenFlow交换机收集的计费数据发送至所述计费子系统; [31] 所述 OpenFlow交换机, 用于接收会话请求; 按照所述 OpenFlow控制器下发的 计费参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集; 将收集的所述计费数据发送至所述 OpenFlow控制器; [32] 所述计费子系统, 用于根据所述 OpenFlow控制器发送的计费数据进行计费。
[33] 结合上述第三方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 所述计费参数包括:
[34] 所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、 计费类型、 费额、 计费数 据报告方式。 [35] 结合上述第三方面,和 /或第一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中, 所述 OpenFlow交换机, 具体用于根据所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将 所述会话的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费 表中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID; 每一个计费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一个计费 ID对应多个计费表且同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应一个计费表。 [36] 结合上述第三方面, 和 /或第一种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第二种可能的实现方 式, 在第三种可能的实现方式中, 所述计费表中至少包括下列字段:
[37] 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器。
[38] 结合上述第三方面, 和 /或第一种可能的实现方式, 和 /或第二种可能的实现方 式, 和 /或第三种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述 OpenFlow交 换机为 OpenFlow无线接入器或 OpenFlow网关路由器。
[39] 本发明实施例通过在 OpenFlow接口及 OpenFlow交换机的基础上增加计费功能, 从而实现 OpenFlow协议在运营商,尤其是移动通信网络中的应用,从而使 OpenFlow 可以用于通信网, 以适应未来移动网络新的架构及功能。 附图说明
[40] 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例或 现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 对于本领域普通技 术人员而言, 在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附 图。
[41] 图 1为本发明实施例一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的方法流程图; [42] 图 2为本发明实施例中立即事件的计费流程图;
[43] 图 3为本发明实施例中基于单位预留的会话计费流程图;
[44] 图 4为本发明实施例中计费表的示意图; [45] 图 5a为现有技术中定义的 OpenFlow流表的示意图;
[46] 图 5b为本发明实施例中 OpenFlow流表的示意图; [47] 图 5c为图 5b所示 OpenFlow流表中计费字段的示意图; [48] 图 6为本发明实施例一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统结构示意图; [49] 图 7为本发明实施例另一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统结构示意图; [50] 图 8为本发明实施例另一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统结构示意图; [51] 图 9为本发明实施例另一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统结构示意图。 具体实施方式
[52] 为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明实施例中的技术方案, 并使本发明 实施例的上述目的、 特征和优点能够更加明显易懂, 下面结合附图对本发明实施例 中技术方案作进一步详细的说明。
[53] 需要说明的是, 本发明实施例中所说的"流", 是指从一个节点发送或接收的若 干个数据包, 通常把拥有同一类特性的数据包归类为一个流。
[54] 参见图 1,为本发明实施例一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的方法的方法流程图。 [55] 该方法可以包括:
[56] 步骤 101, OpenFlow交换机接收会话请求。
[57] 该 OpenFlow 交换机可以是支持 OpenFlow 功能的 OpenFlow 网关路由器或 OpenFlow无线接入器, 其中, OpenFlow网关路由器主要负责出局用户数据的收集, 而 OpenFlow无线接入器则主要负责移动系统内用户间通信的数据收集。当 OpenFlow 交换机接收到会话请求后执行后续步骤。
[58] 步骤 102,根据预设的计费规则, OpenFlow交换机通过 OpenFlow接口获得的计 费参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集。
[59] 现有技术中计费控制信息是通过 策略与计费规则功能单元 (Pol i cy Contro l and Charging Rule Funct ion, PCRF)来进行控制的, 在本发明实施例中, 由于 PCRF 和 OpenFlow交换机之间没有直接的接口, 其策略控制等都表现在 OpenFlow的流表 控制上, 为保持网络控制面和数据面接口的单一性, 需要 OpenFlow协议能够支持计 费参数控制。 即, 需要在 PCRF和 OpenFlow交换机之间预设能够通信的计费规则。
[60] 预设能够通信的计费规则, 具体而言, OpenFlow需要支持 PCRF的操作控制功 能, 具体包括:
[61] Charging-Rul e-Instal l (计费规则安装): 用于激活、 安装、 修改计费规则。 [62] Charging-Rul e-Remove (计费规则删除): 用于去激活或删除计费规则。
[63] Charging-Rul e-Report (计费规则报告): 用于报告计费规则的状态, 包括规则 是否成功安装, 删除, 修改等。
[64] OpenFlow的计费参数在上述计费规则安装的时候可以由控制器,例如 OpenFlow 控制器通过 OpenFlow接口下发给 OpenFlow交换机。 [65] 该计费参数可以包括:
[66] 所要计费的流的 ID及流的信息
[67] 计费方式: 在线计费还是离线计费
[68] 计费类型: 是流量计费还是时长计费
[69] 费额: 可以使用多大的流量或时长。 [70] 计费数据报告方式: 定时报告还是事件触发, 如果是事件触发, 需要定义触发 事件; 定时报告需要确定时间间隔, 起始时间等。
[71] 当然该计费参数也还可以根据具体的计费规则设定, 此处不做具体限定。
[72] 步骤 103, OpenFlow交换机将收集的计费数据发送至计费系统, 以使所述计费 系统根据所述计费数据进行计费。 [73] OpenFlow交换机在收集到各计费参数对应的计费数据后, 基于不同的架构, 可 以通过多种方式将计费数据发送至计费系统。 其中, 该计费系统可以是在线计费系 统 ( Onl ine Charging System, 0CS ) 或离线计费系统(Of f l ine Charging System, 0FCS)。 计费系统根据计费数据进行计费的过程与现有技术类似, 此处不再赘述。
[74] 在另一实施例中,根据计费规则,在计费过程中满足某种事件要求时, OpenFlow 交换机需要报告当前状态,如用户费额达到一定限制时可以报告 OpenFlow控制器以 确定进一步动作。
[75] 本发明实施例通过在 OpenFlow接口和 OpenFlow交换机的基础上增加计费功能, 从而实现 OpenFlow协议在运营商,尤其是移动通信网络中的应用,从而使 OpenFlow 可以用于通信网, 适应未来移动网络新的架构及功能。 [76] 在本发明的另一实施例中,该 OpenFlow交换机将收集的计费数据发送至计费系 统的过程可以有以下两种方式:
[77] 方式一, 根据预设的计费规则, OpenFlow交换机直接通过 OpenFlow交换机与 计费系统之间传统的计费系统的接口将计费数据发送至计费系统。
[78] 该方式下, OpenFlow交换机需要增加传统的计费系统的接口, BP, 需要在 PCRF 和 OpenFlow交换机之间预设能够通信的计费规则。 在 OpenFlow交换机获得计费数 据后, 即可通过该传统接口将计费数据发送给计费系统。
[79] 方式二, 由 OpenFlow 交换机将收集的计费数据通过 OpenFlow 接口发送至 OpenFlow控制器, 通过 OpenFlow控制器将计费数据发送至计费系统。
[80] 该方式二不需要采用传统的计费系统的接口,可以全部采用 OpenFlow接口实现 计费控制。 由于 OpenFlow协议接口支持 OpenFlow的很多状态及统计信息上报, 因 此,对 OpenFlow接口稍加扩展就可以支持计费功能, OpenFlow交换机在获得计费数 据后, 即可通过该扩展的 OpenFlow接口将计费数据发送给 OpenFlow控制器, 再由 OpenFlow控制器将计费数据发送给计费系统。
[81] 相比方式一,方式二的接口更加单一, 网关功能可以和 OpenFlow交换机很好兼 容, 无需另外的接口支持。 但是 OpenFlow控制器(或者网络控制器)需要和计费系统 进行交换, 实现计费控制。
[82] 基于该方式二 OpenFlow接口需要支持 Credit (账户) 请求功能。 为支持这一 功能, OpenFlow接口需要支持 Diameter的几种场景: 立即事件计费、基于单位预留 的事件计费、 基于单元预留的会话计费(具体参考 3GPP 32. 299)。 [83] 如图 2所示, 为立即事件的计费流程, 其中, OpenFlow接入节点 /网关节点在 步骤 1中接收到服务请求后, 在预留单元操作里, 在步骤 2中, OpenFlow接入节点 / 网关节点向 PCRF/OpenFlow控制器发送 Credit控制请求 Credit请求主要用于请求 控制, 而步骤 3中 PCRF/OpenFlow控制器的响应消息里则包含授权的服务单元, 价 格信息, 剩余账款信息等。 步骤 5则是 OpenFlow接入节点 /网关节点在会话终止时 发起的 Credi t控制请求,在该请求中携带所使用的数量信息以便于计费系统可以进 行计费。 而步骤 6则是 PCRF/OpenFlow控制器的反馈信息, 包含费用信息, 剩余账 款等。
[84] 基于单位预留的事件计费过程和立即事件的过程一样, 只是消息类型不同。 如 图 3所示是基于单位预留的会话计费过程:
[85] 其中,步骤 3中会包括用以控制用户账户费用的参数,例如 Val i di ty-Time (有 效时间) 参数以及 Low-Balance-Indi cat ion (余额不足指示) 参数。 步骤 5中, 当 计费单位超过规定的有效时间后, OpenFlow无线接入点和网关路由器需要发送更新 请求给计费系统以报告已使用时间或数据量。 步骤 6 中计费系统返回新的授权服务 单元, 费率信息, 以及新的账单平衡信息。 步骤 9中, 当会话结束时, OpenFlow无 线接入点和网关路由器需要报告所使用的数据量, 时长等信息。 步骤 10中包括费率 信息和新的账单平衡信息。
[86] 通过以上过程, OpenFlow协议可以支持以上过程相关的参数及流程。 其需要支 持的具体参数如下: [87] 请求类型: 包括初始请求、 更新请求以及终止请求。
[88] 使用的单位信息, 如有效时间, 数据量等。
[89] 费用信息: 不同的服务质量 Qual ity of Service , QoS ) 级别对应的费率不同。
[90] 授权的服务单位: 可以使用的时间、 数据量等信息。
[91] 剩余账单平衡: 可以使用的账单信息。 [92] 在本发明的另一实施例中, OpenFlow交换机按照 OpenFlow控制器下发的计费 参数对会话进行计费数据收集的过程, 具体可以包括:
[93] OpenFlow交换机根据会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将会话的计费参数 添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费表中。
[94] 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID ; 另外, 每一个计费 ID可以对应一个计费 表, 或者, 每一个计费 ID可以对应多个计费表, 同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应 一个计费表。
[95] 本实施例中,对 OpenFlow交换机而言,要实现计费功能,可以增加一个新的表, 即计费表 (Charging Tabl e ) - 该计费表的设置可以有多种方式, 例如:
[96] 方式一: 对某个计费用户来说, 可能存在多个流, 例如, 每个流的 QoS类别可 能不一样。 因此会存在多个流采用同一个计费表进行计费的情况。
[97] 在这种情况下, 用户计费仅关联一个计费表, 但具体的流需要关联到其所对应 的数据流。 如图 4所示, 该计费表可以包括下列字段: 计费 ID, 流 ID/流信息, 计 费方式, 流类别, 计数器等。 当然, 该计费表还可以包含其它字段或上述字段中的 部分字段, 而且各字段在计费表中的排列顺序并不局限于图 4所示。
[98] 其中, 各字段的意义如下:
[99] 计费 ID : OpenFlow交换机中唯一标识用户计费信息的识别号,用于进行用户区 分。 必选字段, 推荐字段长度 32比特。
[100]流 ID (或流信息): 由于目前 OpenFlow交换机中每个流表中的每个流表表项不 包含 ID信息, 因此, 如果要能区分每个流, 需要为每个流分配一个 ID以识别该流, 如果 OpenFlow交换机支持 /添加该功能, 则可以采用流 ID来对流加以区分。 否则, 需要通过流信息来进行流的匹配。 流信息指业务流的相关信息, 具体包括业务流的 源 IP地址, 目的 IP地址, 远 TCP端口, 目的 TCP端口以及业务层信息, 甚至包括 更底层的 VLAN, MPLS标记等信息, 具体依赖于计费配置的要求。 如果 OpenFlow的 flow entry不支持流 ID标识功能, 为简化计费配置, 也可以为每个用户的流分配一 个 ID, 而在进行计费时, 仅需要将用户的业务流关联到该计费 ID及流 ID, 就可以 实现计费数据统计。 [101]计费方式: 标识该流的计费是按时计费还是基于流量的计费。 即使是统一类别 (Qual ity Class ification I dent ifi er, QCI)的流, 有时采用的计费方式不同, 那么 此时需要收集不同的计费信息。
[102]流类别: 用以标识流所属的 QoS类别(QCI)。 目前 3GPP LTE定义了 9种不同类 别的业务。 在实际计费中, 可能不同类别的业务采用同样的计费方式, 该字段主要 用于计费服务器在生成计费信息时的统计参考。
[103]计数器: 计数器主要用来对流进行统计, 获得流的统计量, 其单位可能是时间, 也可能是字节数, 依赖于计费方式而不同。
[104] Tri gger (触发): Trigger 主要是用来触发计费报告, 当某个流累计到一定时 间, 或达到一定流量时, 需要触发 OpenFlow交换机向计费服务器报告计费参数。 这 个参数也可以不包含在该表中, 但交换机中必须有其他地方实现触发功能。 除此而 夕卜, 交换机还需要实现每个流的计费配置信息, 包括计费报告的触发时长、 流量单 位等。
[105]由于一个用户可能有多个流, 因此, 以上信息需要针对每个流配置一个表项, 支持计费功能的 OpenFlow交换机要能支持流计费表项的插入和删除。即用一个计费 ID对应多个流的计费表项, 每个流的计费表项要能支持插入、 删除、 激活、 去激活 等操作。
[106]当用户业务流需要计费时, 将用户的需要计费的流 ID关联到 OpenFlow的流表 对应表项中, 进行计费数据的统计。 因此, 一个流至少关联一个流 ID。 [107]依据配置的报告方式, 当达到某个触发门限时, OpenFlow交换机会向计费系统 发送请求 (credi t control request)消息。
[108]方式二: 每个用户对应一个计费 ID, 每个流配置一个计费表, 对每个流表之间 的关系不做关联。 也即每一个计费 ID对应多个计费表, 同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应一个计费表。 [109]例如, 当定义计费表时, 某类业务可以定义一个计费流表。 因此, 一个用户可 以有多个计费流表, 每个流表对应不同类别的业务。 当然, 按照方式一, 一个用户 也可以只有一个流表, 不同业务的计费数据则通过表中不同的计数器来进行统计, 这便于用户信息管理等。
[110]如果采用方式二的方案,该计费表可以被集成到 OpenFlow流表里,作为直接的 内嵌计费功能。 如图 5a为现有技术中定义的 OpenFlow流表的格式, 其中可以包括 匹配域 ( Match Fi eld ) . 优先级(Priori ty) 、 计数器(Counters) 、 指示 (instructions)、 超时(Timeouts)、 会话缓存(Cooki es)等。 本实施例中, 增加计费 功能后, OpenFlow 流表可以如图 5b 所示, 在原 OpenFlow 流表中增加了计费 ( Charging ) 字段 [111]图 5b中计费字段所在位置仅是示例,可以变化。具体的该计费字段又可以包括 如图 5c所示的字段, 包含计费 ID、 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器和 Tri gger - 当然, 该计费字段还可以包含其它字段或上述图 5c所示字段中的部分字段, 而且各字段在 表中的排列顺序并不局限于图 5c所示。
[112]为实现计费操作的简便性, 该字段包含一个流 ID, 唯一标识该计费流, 如果 OpenFlow流表本身增加该流 ID功能, 则该字段可以不要。
[113]采用该方案后,需要 OpenFlow控制器或者计费系统自行关联计费流和用户,将 流对应到每个用户。 如果一个用户同时有多个流, 那么每个流独立触发计费统计报 告 [114]在 OpenFlow交换机中增加上述新的计费表功能,可以更简便的实现计费数据收 集与统计。
[115]上述方法实施例不仅可以用于未来网络中采用 SDN架构下的基于 OpenFlow的计 费统计, 也可以进一步用于需要支持计费功能的任何 OpenFlow交换机。
[116]以上是对本发明方法实施例的描述, 下面对实现上述方法的系统进行介绍。 [117]参见图 6, 为本发明实施例一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统结构示意图。
[118]该系统可以包括 OpenFlow控制器 601、0penFlow交换机 602和计费子系统 603。
[119]根据预设的计费规则, OpenFlow控制器 601, 用于向所述 OpenFlow交换机 602 下发计费参数;
[120] OpenFlow交换机 602,用于接收会话请求;按照所述 OpenFlow控制器 601下发 的计费参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集; 将收集的所述计费数据发送至所述计费 子系统 603 ;
[121]计费子系统 603,用于根据所述 OpenFlow交换机 602发送的计费数据进行计费。
[122]需要说明是, 现有技术中计费控制信息是通过 策略与计费规则功能单元 ( Pol i cy Control and Charging Rule Funct ion, PCRF ) 来进行控制的, 在本发明 实施例中, 由于 PCRF和 OpenFlow交换机之间没有直接的接口, 其策略控制等都表 现在 OpenFlow 的流表控制上, 为保持网络控制面和数据面接口的单一性, 需要 OpenFlow协议能够支持计费参数控制。 gp, 需要在 PCRF和 OpenFlow交换机之间预 设能够通信的计费规则。
[123]预设能够通信的计费规则, 具体而言, OpenFlow需要支持 PCRF的操作控制功 能, 具体包括:
[124] Charging-Rul e-Instal l (计费规则安装): 用于激活、 安装、 修改计费规则。 [125] Charging-Rule-Remove (计费规则删除): 用于去激活或删除计费规则。
[126] Charging-Rule-Report (计费规则报告): 用于报告计费规则的状态, 包括规则 是否成功安装, 删除, 修改等。
[127] OpenFlow的计费参数在上述计费规则安装的时候可以由控制器,例如 OpenFlow 控制器通过 OpenFlow接口下发给 OpenFlow交换机。
[128]该计费参数可以包括:
[129]所要计费的流的 ID及流的信息
[130]计费方式: 在线计费还是离线计费
[131]计费类型: 是流量计费还是时长计费 [132]费额: 可以使用多大的流量或时长。
[133]计费数据报告方式: 定时报告还是事件触发, 如果是事件触发, 需要定义触发 事件; 定时报告需要确定时间间隔, 起始时间等。
[134]当然该计费参数也还可以根据具体的计费规则设定, 此处不做具体限定。
[135]本发明实施例通过在 OpenFlow 交换机的基础上增加计费功能, 从而实现 OpenFlow协议在运营商, 尤其是移动通信网络中的应用, 极大简化了当前移动网关 的复杂性, 适应未来移动网络新的架构及功能。
[136]在一具体实施例中, 如图 7所示, 该 OpenFlow交换机可以包括 OpenFlow无线 接入器 701和 OpenFlow网关路由器 702,计费子系统可以包括 0FCS 703和 0CS 704。
[137]其中, OpenFlow无线接入器 701上设置有传统的计费系统的接口,该 OpenFlow 无线接入器 701通过该传统接口同时与 0FCS 703和 0CS 704连接, 主要负责移动系 统内用户间通信数据的收集。 OpenFlow网关路由器 702上也设置有传统的计费系统 的接口, 该 OpenFlow网关路由器 702也通过该传统接口同时与 0FCS 703和 0CS 704 连接, 主要负责出局用户数据的收集。
[138]由于 PCRF和 OpenFlow 交换机之间没有直接的接口, 其策略控制等都表现在 OpenFlow的流表控制上, 为保持网络控制面和数据面接口的单一性, 需要 OpenFlow 协议能够支持计费参数控制。 该 PCRF可以位于 OpenFlow控制器内, 通过 OpenFlow 控制器将计费参数下发至 OpenFlow无线接入器 701和 OpenFlow网关路由器 702中, 该计费参数可以包括: 所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、 计费类 型、 费额、 计费数据报告方式。
[139]根据预设的计费规则, OpenFlow无线接入器 701或 OpenFlow网关路由器 702 在接收到会话请求后, 即可根据 OpenFlow控制器下发的计费参数进行计费数据的收 集, 然后将收集的计费数据通过传统计费系统的接口发送至 0FCS 703或 0CS 704, 由 0FCS 703或 0CS 704进行计费。
[140]在另一实施例中,上述 OpenFlow交换机,例如 OpenFlow无线接入器和 OpenFlow 网关路由器, 其内部可设置计费表, 在收集到计费数据后, 可以根据所述会话的计 费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将所述会话的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及 所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费表中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID ; 每一个计 费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一个计费 ID对应多个计费表, 同一计费 ID下的每 一个流 ID对应一个计费表。计费表中还可以包括字段: 计费方式、流类别、计数器。 该计费表的具体内容和设置可以参见前述方法实施例的相应描述。 [141]参见图 8,为本发明实施例另一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统结构示意图。
[142]该系统也可以包括 OpenFlow控制器 801、 OpenFlow交换机 802和计费子系统 803。
[143]根据预设的计费规则, OpenFlow控制器 801, 用于向所述 OpenFlow交换机 802 下发计费参数;将所述 OpenFlow交换机 802收集的计费数据发送至所述计费子系统 803;
[144] OpenFlow交换机 802,用于接收会话请求;按照所述 OpenFlow控制器 801下发 的计费参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集; 将收集的所述计费数据发送至所述 OpenFlow控制器 801;
[145]计费子系统 803,用于根据所述 OpenFlow控制器 801发送的计费数据进行计费。 [146]本发明实施例通过在 OpenFlow 交换机的基础上增加计费功能, 从而实现 OpenFlow协议在运营商, 尤其是移动通信网络中的应用, 极大简化了当前移动网关 的复杂性, 适应未来移动网络新的架构及功能。
[147]在一具体实施例中, 如图 9所示, 该 OpenFlow交换机可以包括 OpenFlow无线 接入器 901和 OpenFlow网关路由器 902,计费子系统可以包括 0FCS 903和 0CS 904。 [148]由于 PCRF和 OpenFlow 交换机之间没有直接的接口, 其策略控制等都表现在 OpenFlow的流表控制上, 为保持网络控制面和数据面接口的单一性, 需要 OpenFlow 协议能够支持计费参数控制。 该 PCRF可以位于 OpenFlow控制器内, 通过 OpenFlow 控制器将计费参数下发至 OpenFlow无线接入器 901和 OpenFlow网关路由器 902中, 该计费参数可以包括: 所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、 计费类 型、 费额、 计费数据报告方式。
[149]在 OpenFlow控制器中还需要有一个功能单元来完成和计费子系统 0FCS 903和 0CS 904的交互, 同时实现和 OpenFlow设备的交互。
[150] OpenFlow无线接入器 901和 OpenFlow网关路由器 902均通过 OpenFlow接口与 OpenFlow控制器连接。
[151]根据预设的计费规则, OpenFlow无线接入器 901或 OpenFlow网关路由器 902 在接收到会话请求后, 即可根据 OpenFlow控制器下发的计费参数进行计费数据的收 集, 然后将收集的计费数据通过 OpenFlow接口发送至 OpenFlow控制器, 然后由 OpenFlow控制器再将该计费数据发送至 0FCS 903或 0CS 904,由 0FCS 903或 0CS 904 进行计费。
[152]在另一实施例中,上述 OpenFlow交换机,例如 OpenFlow无线接入器和 OpenFlow 网关路由器, 其内部可设置计费表, 在收集到计费数据后, 可以根据所述会话的计 费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将所述会话的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及 所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费表中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID ; 每一个计 费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一个计费 ID对应多个计费表, 同一计费 ID下的每 一个流 ID对应一个计费表。 计费表中还可以包括字段: 计费 ID、 流 ID、 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器。 该计费表的具体内容和设置可以参见前述方法实施例的相应描述。
[153]本领域普通技术人员可以意识到, 结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的 单元及算法步骤, 能够以电子硬件、 或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。 这 些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行, 取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条 件。 专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能, 但 是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
[154]所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到, 为描述的方便和简洁, 上述描述的系 统、 装置和单元的具体工作过程, 可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程, 在此不 再赘述。 [155]在本申请所提供的几个实施例中, 应该理解到, 所揭露的系统、 装置和方法, 可以通过其它的方式实现。 例如, 以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的, 例如, 所述单元的划分, 仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分, 实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式, 例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统, 或一些特征可以忽略, 或不执行。 另一点, 所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是 通过一些接口, 装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接, 可以是电性, 机械或其它的形 式。
[156]所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的, 作为单元 显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元, 即可以位于一个地方, 或者也可以分 布到多个网络单元上。 可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本 实施例方案的目的。
[157]另外, 在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中, 也可 以是各个单元单独物理存在, 也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
[158]所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时, 可 以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。 基于这样的理解, 本发明的技术方案本质 上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式 体现出来, 该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中, 包括若干指令用以使得一台 计算机设备(可以是个人计算机, 服务器, 或者网络设备等)或处理器(processor) 执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。 而前述的存储介质包括: U盘、 移动硬盘、 只读存储器 (ROM, Read-Only Memory) . 随机存取存储器 (RAM, Random Access Memory) . 磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
[159]以上所述, 仅为本发明的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易想到变化或替 换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要 求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
路由控制面和数据面之间的接口协议 OpenFlow交换机接收会话请求; 根据预设的计费规则, 所述 OpenFlow交换机通过 OpenFlow接口获得的计费参数对 所述会话进行计费数据收集;
所述 OpenFlow交换机将收集的所述计费数据发送至计费系统,以使所述计费系统根 据所述计费数据进行计费。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 OpenFlow交换机将收集的所述 计费数据发送至计费系统, 包括:
所述 OpenFlow交换机将收集的所述计费数据发送至 OpenFlow控制器, 通过所述 OpenFlow控制器将所述计费数据发送至所述计费系统。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述计费参数包括:
所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、计费类型、 费额、计费数据报 告方式。
4、根据权利要求 1至 3中任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据预设的 计费规则, 所述 OpenFlow交换机通过 OpenFlow接口获得的计费参数对所述会话进行计 费数据收集, 包括:
所述 OpenFlow交换机根据所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将所述会话 的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费表中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID; 每一个计费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一个计费 ID对 应多个计费表且同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应一个计费表。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述计费表中至少包括下列字 段- 计费 ID、 流 ID、 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5中任意一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 OpenFlow 交换机为 OpenFlow无线接入器或 OpenFlow网关路由器。
7、 一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统, 其特征在于, 包括 OpenFlow控制 器、 OpenFlow交换机和计费子系统,
根据预设的计费规则, 所述 OpenFlow控制器, 用于向所述 OpenFlow交换机下发 计费参数;
所述 OpenFlow交换机,用于接收会话请求;按照所述 OpenFlow控制器下发的计费 参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集; 将收集的所述计费数据发送至所述计费子系统; 所述计费子系统, 用于根据所述 OpenFlow交换机发送的计费数据进行计费。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述计费参数包括:
所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、计费类型、 费额、计费数据报 告方式。
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的系统, 其特征在于,
所述 OpenFlow交换机, 具体用于根据所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将所述会话的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费表 中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID; 每一个计费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一 个计费 ID对应多个计费表且同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应一个计费表。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述计费表中至少包括下列字 段- 计费 ID、 流 ID、 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器。
11、根据权利要求 7至 10中任意一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述 OpenFlow 交换机为 OpenFlow无线接入器或 OpenFlow网关路由器。
12、 一种基于 OpenFlow协议的计费的系统, 其特征在于, 包括 OpenFlow控制 器、 OpenFlow交换机和计费子系统,
根据预设的计费规则, 所述 OpenFlow控制器, 用于向所述 OpenFlow交换机下发 计费参数; 将所述 OpenFlow交换机收集的计费数据发送至所述计费子系统;
所述 OpenFlow交换机,用于接收会话请求;按照所述 OpenFlow控制器下发的计费 参数对所述会话进行计费数据收集; 将收集的所述计费数据发送至所述 OpenFlow控制 器;
所述计费子系统, 用于根据所述 OpenFlow控制器发送的计费数据进行计费。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述计费参数包括: 所要计费的流的标识信息 ID及流的信息、 计费方式、计费类型、 费额、计费数据报 告方式。
14、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的系统, 其特征在于,
所述 OpenFlow交换机, 具体用于根据所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID, 将所述会话的计费参数添加至与所述会话的计费 ID及所要计费的流的 ID对应的计费表 中, 其中, 不同用户对应不同的计费 ID; 每一个计费 ID对应一个计费表, 或者, 每一 个计费 ID对应多个计费表且同一计费 ID下的每一个流 ID对应一个计费表。
15、根据权利要求 14所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述计费表中至少包括下列字段: 计费 ID、 流 ID、 计费方式、 流类别、 计数器。
16、 根据权利要求 12至 15中任意一项所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述 OpenFlow 交换机为 OpenFlow无线接入器或 OpenFlow网关路由器。
PCT/CN2014/075062 2013-04-10 2014-04-10 一种基于OpenFlow协议的计费的方法及系统 WO2014166405A1 (zh)

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