WO2014166192A1 - 利用可重构天线的通信方法和终端 - Google Patents

利用可重构天线的通信方法和终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014166192A1
WO2014166192A1 PCT/CN2013/082292 CN2013082292W WO2014166192A1 WO 2014166192 A1 WO2014166192 A1 WO 2014166192A1 CN 2013082292 W CN2013082292 W CN 2013082292W WO 2014166192 A1 WO2014166192 A1 WO 2014166192A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
signal quality
reconfigurable
antennas
correlation
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PCT/CN2013/082292
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赖玉强
张成赞
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2014166192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014166192A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0689—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using different transmission schemes, at least one of them being a diversity transmission scheme

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to a communication method and terminal using a reconfigurable antenna. Background technique
  • MIMO technology can meet the requirements of high-speed data communication and improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization.
  • the mobile terminal still uses an omnidirectional antenna, and some decorrelation algorithms to receive and process the MIMO signal, which has certain limitations in improving the data transmission rate, especially at the cell edge or a relatively complex transmission. Environment.
  • a Chinese patent application CN101094009 published on Dec. 26, 2007, discloses a method and apparatus for correcting an antenna signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a mobile terminal, the method and apparatus capable of detecting a microelectromechanical system for wireless communication ( MEMS) Reconfigurable antennas are exposed to foreign matter and correct the SNR of the antenna.
  • a mobile terminal having a MEMS reconfigurable antenna performs a wireless terminal to change a MEMS reconfigurable antenna and calculates an SNR.
  • the MEMS reconfigurable antenna is thus set to an antenna shape corresponding to the maximum SNR.
  • this technology cannot solve the problem of low system capacity.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a communication method and terminal using a reconfigurable antenna to solve the technical problem of low system capacity.
  • the present invention provides a communication method using a reconfigurable antenna, the method being applied to a terminal including at least two reconfigurable antennas, the method comprising:
  • the terminal scans signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna
  • the terminal Determining, by the terminal, whether signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas is greater than a first threshold of signal quality;
  • the terminal sets the at least two reconfigurable antennas as a transmitting antenna and/or a receiving antenna, wherein if the signal quality of all the reconfigurable antennas is greater than the first threshold of the signal quality, the multi-input and multi-output are performed.
  • (MIMO) mode setting otherwise set in non-MIMO mode.
  • the non-MIMO mode setting means that the terminal sets the reconfigurable antenna with the best signal quality as the transmitting antenna, and sets all the reconfigurable antennas as the receiving antenna.
  • the setting, by the terminal, the at least two reconfigurable antennas as a transmit antenna and/or a receive antenna in a MIMO manner includes:
  • the terminal performs correlation estimation on any two reconfigurable antennas to obtain correlation coefficients of the antenna groups
  • the terminal determines whether the correlation coefficients of all antenna groups are smaller than the first threshold of correlation; if yes, setting the signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna to be greater than the second threshold of the signal quality and the correlation coefficient is less than the correlation
  • the antenna of the antenna group of the second wide value is used as the transmitting antenna, and the antenna of the other antenna group is used as the receiving antenna; otherwise, step (d) is performed;
  • step (d) the terminal adjusts the direction of all reconfigurable antennas and rescans the signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna to determine whether the signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas is greater than a third threshold of signal quality, and if so, Perform step (a), otherwise repeat step (d).
  • the second threshold of the signal quality is greater than a first threshold of the signal quality
  • the second threshold of the correlation is greater than the first threshold of the correlation
  • the terminal adjusts the direction of all reconfigurable antennas on the principle of reducing the correlation coefficient of the antenna group.
  • the scanning, by the terminal, the signal quality of each reconstructed antenna includes:
  • the terminal performs omnidirectional scanning on each reconfigurable antenna to record signal quality in each direction; the terminal selects a direction with the best signal quality as a direction of arrival from among multiple signal qualities of each reconfigurable antenna, and The signal quality in the direction of arrival is used as the signal quality of the reconfigurable antenna.
  • the present invention further provides a terminal, the terminal comprising: at least two reconfigurable antennas, configured to: transmit or receive a radio frequency signal;
  • a signal quality scanning unit configured to: scan signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna;
  • the signal quality judging unit is configured to: determine whether the signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas is greater than a first threshold of signal quality;
  • control unit configured to: set the at least two reconfigurable antennas as a transmit antenna and/or a receive antenna, where multiple input is performed if signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas is greater than a first threshold of the signal quality Multi-output (MIMO) mode setting, otherwise set in non-MIMO mode.
  • MIMO signal quality Multi-output
  • the terminal further includes:
  • the correlation estimation unit is configured to: when the MIMO mode is set, perform correlation estimation on any two reconfigurable antennas to obtain correlation coefficients of each antenna group;
  • the correlation determining unit is configured to: determine whether the correlation coefficient of all the antenna groups is less than the first threshold of the correlation;
  • the control unit includes:
  • the antenna setting module is configured to: when the correlation coefficients of all the antenna groups are less than the first threshold of correlation, the signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna is greater than the second threshold of the signal quality and the correlation coefficient is less than the correlation
  • An antenna of a two-valued antenna group serves as a transmitting antenna, and an antenna of another antenna group serves as a receiving antenna;
  • the antenna adjustment module is configured to: when there is an antenna group whose correlation coefficient is less than the first threshold of correlation, perform direction adjustment on all reconfigurable antennas and notify the signal quality scanning unit to rescan signals of each reconfigurable antenna Quality
  • the signal quality determining unit is configured to: after rescanning, determine whether the signal quality of all the reconfigurable antennas is greater than a third threshold of the signal quality, and if yes, notify the correlation estimating unit to re-evaluate the correlation, otherwise notify The antenna adjustment module performs direction adjustment on the reconfigurable antenna.
  • the terminal adjusts the direction of all reconfigurable antennas on the principle of reducing the correlation coefficient of the antenna group.
  • the current signal quality is scanned by using at least two reconfigurable antennas or a tunable antenna, and the ratio SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) Noise ratio), and based on the signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas to determine whether to use ⁇ transmission, effectively improve system capacity.
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a communication method using a reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a searchable direction of a reconfigurable antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the non- ⁇ mode of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a module of a terminal embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system capacity in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-put system is affected by the correlation of the received signal, ie, the spatial correlation of the signal and the mutual coupling of the antenna.
  • the correlation degree of the multipath fading and the magnitude of the extended angle affect the spatial correlation.
  • the mobile application scenario when large-capacity data is uploaded and downloaded, it is generally in a static or low-speed mobile state, and when the wireless signal is transmitted in the air, it also has a certain orientation when it reaches the receiving end.
  • the antennas of the existing terminals are all omnidirectional antennas, which are convenient for mobile applications, in the small-sized device or device of the terminal, the antennas have strong mutual coupling, and the reconfigurable antenna is used to solve such multiple antennas.
  • the present invention utilizes a communication method of a reconfigurable antenna. As shown in FIG. 1, the method is applied to a terminal including at least two reconfigurable antennas, the method comprising:
  • Step 101 The terminal scans signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna.
  • the reconfigurable antenna unit that is, the pattern reconfigurable antenna unit, whose pattern can be changed under control.
  • the number of receiving antennas is greater than or equal to the number of transmitting antennas, and the reconfigurable antenna At least two independent receiving antenna units are used to receive two or more downlinks
  • MIMO signals with the application of new materials and new technologies on antennas, the miniaturization of reconfigurable antennas is possible, and the number of antenna units used in mobile terminals is also increasing.
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to wireless communication fields such as LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-A (LTA Advanced Long Term Evolution Enhanced) mobile broadband terminal products (including various data cards, MODEMs, mobile phones).
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A Long Term Evolution Enhanced
  • mobile broadband terminal products including various data cards, MODEMs, mobile phones.
  • the signal quality is represented by a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) or a signal to noise ratio (SNR).
  • the step of scanning, by the terminal, the signal quality of each reconstructed antenna includes: performing, by the terminal, omnidirectional scanning for each reconfigurable antenna, and recording signal quality in each direction; Among the plurality of signal qualities of the antenna, the direction in which the signal quality is the best is selected as the Direction of Arrival (DOA), and the signal quality in the direction of arrival is used as the signal quality of the reconfigurable antenna.
  • DOA Direction of Arrival
  • Step 102 The terminal determines whether the signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas is greater than a first threshold of signal quality
  • Step 103 The terminal sets the at least two reconfigurable antennas as a transmitting antenna and/or a receiving antenna, where if the signal quality of all the reconfigurable antennas is greater than the first threshold of the signal quality, Enter the multi-output ( ⁇ ) mode setting, otherwise set it in non- ⁇ mode.
  • the terminal if the transmission condition is poor, the terminal is in a non-communication situation. For the case that the number of receiving antennas is larger than that of the transmitting antenna, the direction of arrival is scanned, and the antenna with a large SINR is selected as the transmitting antenna.
  • the role of transmit diversity all antennas act as receive antennas to complete receive diversity, only when the terminal is in good transmission conditions, when the transmission system turns on MIMO mode.
  • Setting in non-MIMO mode means that the terminal sets the reconfigurable antenna with the best signal quality as the transmitting antenna, and sets all reconfigurable antennas as the receiving antenna.
  • Real-time control of the reconfigurable antenna to adjust the antenna's direction map and determine whether the SINR of each signal satisfies the target threshold according to the SINR of each antenna received signal, and estimate on this basis
  • the step of the terminal setting the at least two reconfigurable antennas as a transmit antenna and/or a receive antenna in a MIMO manner includes:
  • the terminal performs correlation estimation on any two reconfigurable antennas to obtain correlation coefficients of the antenna groups
  • the terminal determines whether the correlation coefficients of all antenna groups are smaller than the first threshold of correlation; if yes, setting the signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna to be greater than the second threshold of the signal quality and the correlation coefficient is less than the correlation
  • the antenna of the antenna group of the second wide value is used as the transmitting antenna, and the antenna of the other antenna group is used as the receiving antenna; otherwise, step (d) is performed;
  • step (d) the terminal adjusts the direction of all reconfigurable antennas and rescans the signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna to determine whether the signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas is greater than a third threshold of signal quality, and if so, Perform step (a), otherwise repeat step (d).
  • the second threshold of the signal quality is greater than a first threshold of the signal quality
  • the second threshold of the correlation is greater than the first threshold of the correlation
  • the terminal adjusts the direction of all reconfigurable antennas on the principle of reducing the correlation coefficient of the antenna group.
  • 2 is a flow chart of the direction of arrival search in the LTE FDD system, the frequency band 7, the downlink modulation mode is 64QAM, and the uplink modulation mode is 16QAM.
  • the method for the direction of arrival search includes the following steps:
  • Step S202 When the terminal starts working, initialize all antenna patterns to omnidirectional, and each antenna receives signals from the air respectively;
  • Step S204 Perform omnidirectional scanning according to each orientation pattern set in advance, and record the value of SINR in each direction at a time;
  • Step S206 determining, by each antenna, a direction in which the SINR is maximum is a direction of arrival, and using a SINR value in a direction of arrival as a SINR value of the antenna;
  • Step S208 determining whether the SINR of the direction of arrival of all the antennas is greater than a threshold value of 1, threshold The value of 1 is 18 dB, and if yes, the process proceeds to step S402, otherwise, the process proceeds to S302.
  • the threshold value 1 is set according to the demodulable signal in the MIMO transmission mode.
  • 3 is a flowchart of a non-MIMO mode operation in an LTE FDD system, a frequency band 7 , a downlink modulation mode is 64QAM, and an uplink modulation mode is 16QAM, as shown in FIG. 3 , and a non-MIMO SINR and correlation are shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the estimation method includes the following steps:
  • Step S302 Comparing the SINR size of the received signals of the antennas, selecting the antenna with the largest SINR as the transmitting antenna according to the SINR of each channel, and proceeding to step S304, all the antennas are used as receiving antennas, and the process proceeds to S306.
  • Step S304 The transmitting antenna performs the function of transmitting diversity according to the protocol requirement.
  • Step S306 The receiving antenna performs the function of receiving diversity according to the protocol requirement.
  • 4 is a flow chart of the MIMO mode operation in the LTE FDD system, the frequency band 7 , the downlink modulation mode is 64QAM, and the uplink modulation mode is 16QAM, as shown in FIG. 3 , the MIMO SINR and correlation estimation method are shown in FIG. Includes the following steps:
  • Step S402 Perform correlation estimation on any two reconfigurable antennas, and obtain correlation coefficients of each antenna group.
  • Step S404 It is judged whether the correlation coefficient of all the antenna groups is less than the threshold value 1, and the value of the threshold value 1 is 0.7. If yes, the process proceeds to step S406, otherwise, the process proceeds to step S408.
  • the threshold 1 of the correlation coefficient is set as a transmission antenna in the MIMO transmission.
  • Step S406 Select an antenna group whose SINR is greater than a threshold 2 (for example, 15 dB) and whose correlation coefficient is smaller than a threshold value 2 (for example, 0.6) as a transmitting antenna to transmit a MIMO signal, and others as receiving.
  • a threshold 2 for example, 15 dB
  • a threshold value 2 for example, 0.6
  • the threshold 2 of the SINR may be the same as the threshold 1 of the SINR.
  • the threshold 1 of the SINR is greater than the threshold of the SINR of 2.
  • the SINR threshold 2 is the same as the SIRN threshold 1 setting.
  • the threshold 2 of the correlation coefficient may be the same as the threshold 1 of the correlation coefficient.
  • the threshold 1 of the correlation coefficient is greater than the threshold 2 of the correlation coefficient.
  • the threshold 2 of the correlation coefficient is the same as the threshold 1 of the correlation coefficient. In general, only one (2) antennas are selected as the transmit antennas.
  • Step S408 Adjust the pattern of all reconfigurable antennas and then scan the pattern again to obtain a new SINR value, where the maximum value is the SINR value of each antenna;
  • the SINR satisfies the MIMO signal correlation requirements and ensures high-speed data transmission.
  • Step S410 determining whether all the values of the SINR are greater than the threshold 3, and the value of the threshold 3 is 20 dB. If yes, indicating that the signal quality is good, step S412 is performed, otherwise step S408 is performed to rescan; step S412: correlation estimation Whether the correlation coefficient is lower than the set threshold 3, and the value of the threshold 3 is 0.5. If yes, the process goes to S406, otherwise the process goes to step S408.
  • the threshold value after adjusting the direction of the antenna can be kept unchanged or the antenna requirement can be increased or lowered reasonably. It is understood that the lowering requirement means increasing the SINR threshold and decreasing the threshold of the correlation coefficient.
  • the selection principle of the transmitting antenna group is that the SINR is high and the correlation coefficient is small.
  • the present invention provides a terminal. As shown in FIG. 5, the terminal includes:
  • At least two reconfigurable antennas for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals
  • the reconfigurable antenna unit is a pattern reconfigurable antenna unit, and the pattern can be changed under the control of the control unit.
  • the number of receiving antennas is generally greater than or equal to the number of transmitting antennas.
  • the reconstructed antenna is composed of at least two independent receiving antenna units for receiving two or more downlink MIMO signals.
  • a signal quality scanning unit for scanning signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna
  • a signal quality determining unit configured to determine whether signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas is greater than a first threshold of signal quality
  • control unit configured to set the at least two reconfigurable antennas as a transmit antenna and/or a receive antenna, where if the signal quality of all the reconfigurable antennas is greater than the first threshold of the signal quality Input multiple output (MIMO) mode setting, otherwise set in non-MIMO mode.
  • MIMO Signal quality Input multiple output
  • the antenna setting can also be performed according to other MIMO modes.
  • the terminal further includes:
  • the correlation estimating unit is configured to estimate the correlation coefficient of each antenna group by performing correlation estimation on any two reconfigurable antennas when set in the MIMO mode; that is, estimating the correlation between the multiple signals.
  • a correlation determining unit configured to determine whether a correlation coefficient of all antenna groups is less than a correlation first threshold
  • the control unit includes:
  • An antenna setting module configured to set a signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna to be greater than a second threshold of signal quality and a correlation coefficient less than a correlation when the correlation coefficient of all antenna groups is less than a first threshold of correlation
  • the antenna of the wide-band antenna group serves as a transmitting antenna, and the antennas of other antenna groups serve as receiving antennas;
  • the antenna adjustment module is configured to perform direction adjustment on all reconfigurable antennas and notify the signal quality scanning unit to rescan the signal quality of each reconfigurable antenna when there is an antenna group whose correlation coefficient is less than the first threshold of correlation. ;
  • the signal quality determining unit determines whether the signal quality of all the reconfigurable antennas is greater than a third threshold of the signal quality, and if yes, notifying the correlation estimating unit to perform correlation estimation again, otherwise notifying the antenna adjusting module Directionally adjusting the reconfigurable antenna.
  • the second threshold of the signal quality is greater than a first threshold of the signal quality, and the second threshold of the correlation is greater than the first threshold of the correlation.
  • the terminal adjusts the direction of all reconfigurable antennas on the principle of reducing the correlation coefficient of the antenna group.
  • the signal quality scanning unit includes:
  • Signal quality recording module for omnidirectional scanning of each reconfigurable antenna, recording each side Signal quality
  • a signal quality screening module configured to select a direction with a best signal quality from a plurality of signal qualities of each reconfigurable antenna as a direction of arrival, and use the signal quality of the direction of arrival as a signal quality of the reconfigurable antenna .
  • the signal quality uses a signal to interference plus noise ratio (Signal to Interference plus Noise
  • SINR SINR
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the present invention utilizes at least two reconfigurable antennas or tunable antennas to scan current signal quality, such as SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), and based on the signal quality of all reconfigurable antennas. Determine whether to use MIMO transmission to effectively increase system capacity.
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
  • the MIMO input signal quality is judged, the correlation of the MIMO signal is estimated, and an optimal combination of SINR and signal correlation is found to improve the capacity of the MIMO system, and not too much. Increase the complexity of the terminal structure and algorithm.
  • the present invention utilizes the characteristics of a reconfigurable antenna having a higher gain in a certain direction to maximize the transmission and reception performance of the terminal.
  • the existing mobile broadband terminal is overcome, the coverage is limited, the uplink and downlink data transmission rate is low, and the problem and the disadvantage are low, and the reconfigurable antenna unit is used in a complicated algorithm without changing the existing communication protocol.
  • the real-time direction of the terminal antenna is adjusted according to SINR and signal correlation. It not only ensures the communication quality, expands the coverage of the cell, but also increases the data transmission rate and improves the spectrum utilization efficiency.
  • the embodiment of the present invention scans the current signal quality by using at least two reconfigurable antennas or a directional adjustable antenna, and the ratio SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio - t and thousand t and noise ratio) is based on all weights.
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio - t and thousand t and noise ratio

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Abstract

一种利用可重构天线的通信方法和终端，该方法应用于包括至少两个可重构天线的终端，该方法包括：所述终端扫描各可重构天线的信号质量；所述终端判断所有可重构天线的信号质量是否均大于信号质量第一阈值；所述终端将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和/或接收天线，其中若所有可重构天线的信号质量均大于所述信号质量第一阈值，则按多输入多输出（MIMO）方式设置，否则按非 MIMO方式设置。上述方法和终端可以提供提高系统容量。

Description

利用可重构天线的通信方法和终端
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域， 尤其是一种利用可重构天线的通信方法和终端。 背景技术
随着无线通讯技术和网络技术的高速发展， 无线宽带接入技术已成熟， 通信业务已从传统的语音业务类型扩展到一些新的业务类型 （高速数据下载 或上传、视频电话、视频流媒体、在线游戏等高速数据业务类型），其中 LTE 已经规模商用。 MIMO技术作为其关键技术之一， 可以满足高速数据通信的 要求， 以及提高频谱利用效率的目的。
而在相关技术中， 移动终端还是釆用全向天线， 以及一些去相关算法来 对 MIMO信号进行接收和处理， 其提高数据的传输速率有一定的局限性， 特 别是在小区边缘或较为复杂传输环境中。
公开于 2007年 12月 26日的中国专利申请 CN101094009揭示了一种用 于纠正移动终端的天线信噪比 （SNR ) 的方法和设备， 该方法和设备能够检 测用于无线通信的微机电系统（MEMS )可重构天线是否接触外部物质， 纠 正天线的 SNR。 具有 MEMS 可重构天线的移动终端在执行无线终端改变 MEMS可重构天线， 并计算 SNR。 从而将 MEMS可重构天线设置为与最大 SNR相应的天线形状。 但该技术不能解决系统容量低的问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用可重构天线的通信方法和终端， 以解决系统容量低的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供了一种利用可重构天线的通信方法， 该方法应用于包括至少两个可重构天线的终端， 该方法包括：
所述终端扫描各可重构天线的信号质量；
所述终端判断所有可重构天线的信号质量是否均大于信号质量第一阔值; 所述终端将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 /或接收天线，其 中若所有可重构天线的信号质量均大于所述信号质量第一阔值， 则按多输入 多输出 （ MIMO )方式设置， 否则按非 MIMO方式设置。
优选地，按非 MIMO方式设置指所述终端将信号质量最好的可重构天线 设置为发射天线， 并将所有可重构天线设置为接收天线。
优选地，所述终端按 MIMO方式将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射 天线和 /或接收天线包括：
( a )所述终端对任意两个可重构天线进行相关性估计得到各天线组的相 关性系数；
( b )所述终端判断是否所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相关性第一阔值; 如是， 则设置各可重构天线的信号质量均大于信号质量第二阔值且相关性系 数小于相关性第二阔值的天线组的天线作为发射天线， 其他天线组的天线作 为接收天线； 否则执行步骤（d ) ；
( d )所述终端对所有可重构天线进行方向调整并重新扫描各可重构天线 的信号质量， 判断是否所有可重构天线的信号质量是否都大于信号质量第三 阔值， 如是则转执行步骤（a ) ， 否则重复步骤（d ) 。
优选地， 所述信号质量第二阔值大于信号质量第一阔值， 所述相关性第 二阔值大于所述相关性第一阔值。
优选地， 所述终端以减小天线组的相关性系数为原则对所有可重构天线 进行方向调整。
优选地， 所述终端扫描各重构天线的信号质量包括：
所述终端针对各可重构天线进行全向扫描， 记录各个方向的信号质量； 所述终端从各个可重构天线的多个信号质量中选择信号质量最好的方向 作为波达方向， 并将该波达方向的信号质量作为该可重构天线的信号质量。
为解决以上技术问题， 本发明还提供了一种终端， 该终端包括： 至少两个可重构天线， 设置为： 发射或接收射频信号；
信号质量扫描单元， 设置为： 扫描各可重构天线的信号质量； 信号质量判断单元， 设置为： 判断所有可重构天线的信号质量是否均大 于信号质量第一阔值；
控制单元， 设置为： 将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 /或接 收天线， 其中若所有可重构天线的信号质量均大于所述信号质量第一阔值则 按多输入多输出 （ MIMO ) 方式设置， 否则按非 MIMO方式设置。
优选地，按非 MIMO方式设置指所述控制单元将信号质量最好的可重构 天线设置为发射天线， 并将所有可重构天线设置为接收天线。
优选地， 所述终端还包括：
相关性估计单元， 设置为： 按 MIMO方式设置时， 对任意两个可重构天 线进行相关性估计得到各天线组的相关性系数；
相关性判断单元， 设置为： 判断是否所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相 关性第一阔值；
所述控制单元包括：
天线设置模块， 设置为： 在所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相关性第一 阔值时， 设置各可重构天线的信号质量均大于信号质量第二阔值且相关性系 数小于相关性第二阔值的天线组的天线作为发射天线， 其他天线组的天线作 为接收天线；
天线调整模块， 设置为： 在存在相关性系数小于相关性第一阔值的天线 组时， 对所有可重构天线进行方向调整并通知所述信号质量扫描单元重新扫 描各可重构天线的信号质量；
所述信号质量判断单元设置为： 重新扫描后， 判断是否所有可重构天线 的信号质量是否都大于信号质量第三阔值， 如是则通知所述相关性估计单元 重新进行相关性估计， 否则通知天线调整模块对所述可重构天线进行方向调 整。
优选地， 所述终端以减小天线组的相关性系数为原则对所有可重构天线 进行方向调整。
本发明实施例利用至少两个可重构天线或者方向图可调天线， 扫描当前 信号质量, 比 口 SINR ( Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio 言号与千 Φί矛口 噪声比） ， 并根据所有可重构天线的信号质量来确定是否釆用 ΜΙΜΟ传输， 有效提高系统容量。 附图概述
图 1是本发明利用可重构天线的通信方法实施例的示意图；
图 2是本发明实施例可重构天线单元搜索波达方向流程图；
图 3是本发明实施例非 ΜΙΜΟ方式工作的流程图；
图 4是本发明实施例 ΜΙΜΟ方式工作的流程图；
图 5是本发明终端实施例的模块结构示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
ΜΙΜΟ ( Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-put ) 系统中的系统容量由接收信号 的相关性即信号空间相关性和天线互耦共同作用影响， 其中多径衰落的相关 程度、 扩展角的大小影响空间相关性， 而天线阵元方向图、 信号波达方向、 阵元间距、 阵元几何尺寸、 阵元布放形式都将影响天线阵列的耦合度。 根据 移动的应用场景， 在大容量数据上传及下载时， 一般处于静止或低速移动状 态， 而且无线信号在空中的传播过程中， 到达接收端时， 也都具有一定的方 向性。
由于现有终端的天线均为全向天线， 便于移动应用， 在终端这种小型结 构的设备或装置中， 天线间具有较强的互耦性， 釆用可重构天线是解决这种 多天线间较强互耦性最为有效的方法之一。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明所述技术方案作进一步的详细描述, 以使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施， 但所举实施例 不作为对本发明的限定。 需要说明的是， 在不冲突的情况下， 本申请中的实 施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本发明利用可重构天线的通信方法， 如图 1所示， 该方法应用于包括至 少两个可重构天线的终端， 该方法包括：
步骤 101 : 所述终端扫描各可重构天线的信号质量； 可重构天线单元即方向图可重构天线单元，其方向图在控制下可以变化， 对于移动终端来讲， 一般地接收天线的个数大于或等于发射天线的个数， 此 可重构天线至少有两个独立的接收天线单元组成， 用来接收两路以上的下行
MIMO信号， 随着新材料及新技术在天线上的应用， 可重构天线的小型化成 为可能， 应用于移动终端的天线单元个数也越来越多。
本发明实施例涉及 LTE(Long Term Evolution长期演进）及 LTE-A ( LTA Advanced长期演进增强型）等移动宽带终端产品（包括各种数据卡、 MODEM、 移动电话）等无线通信领域。
所述信号质量釆用信号与干扰加噪声比（ SINR )或信噪比（ SNR )表示。 本发明实施例中， 所述终端扫描各重构天线的信号质量的步骤包括： 所述终端针对各可重构天线进行全向扫描， 记录各个方向的信号质量； 所述终端从各个可重构天线的多个信号质量中选择信号质量最好的方向 作为波达方向 （DOA, Direction of Arrival ) , 并将该波达方向的信号质量作 为该可重构天线的信号质量。
步骤 102: 所述终端判断所有可重构天线的信号质量是否均大于信号质 量第一阔值；
步骤 103: 所述终端将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 /或接 收天线， 其中若所有可重构天线的信号质量均大于所述信号质量第一阔值， 则按多输入多输出 （ ΜΙΜΟ )方式设置， 否则按非 ΜΙΜΟ方式设置。
根据终端工作的工作场景， 如果传输条件较差， 则终端处于非 ΜΙΜΟ通 信的情况， 对于接收天线数多于发射天线的情况， 进行波达方向的扫描， 选 择 SINR大的天线作为发射天线， 完成发射分集的作用， 全部天线作为接收 天线完成接收分集的作用 ，只有当终端处于传输条件较好的情况下，传输系 统开启 MIMO工作方式时。
按非 MIMO 方式设置指所述终端将信号质量最好的可重构天线设置为 发射天线， 并将所有可重构天线设置为接收天线。
利用指令实时控制可重构天线调整天线的方向图， 根据各路天线接收信 号的 SINR来判断各路信号的 SINR是否满足目标阀值， 并在此基础上估计 信号的波达方向， 并对多路信号相互之间的相关性进行估计。 将其中最大
所述终端按 MIMO方式将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 / 或接收天线的步骤包括：
( a )所述终端对任意两个可重构天线进行相关性估计得到各天线组的相 关性系数；
( b )所述终端判断是否所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相关性第一阔值; 如是， 则设置各可重构天线的信号质量均大于信号质量第二阔值且相关性系 数小于相关性第二阔值的天线组的天线作为发射天线， 其他天线组的天线作 为接收天线； 否则执行步骤（d ) ；
( d )所述终端对所有可重构天线进行方向调整并重新扫描各可重构天线 的信号质量， 判断是否所有可重构天线的信号质量是否都大于信号质量第三 阔值， 如是则转执行步骤（a ) ， 否则重复步骤（d ) 。
具体地， 所述信号质量第二阔值大于信号质量第一阔值， 所述相关性第 二阔值大于所述相关性第一阔值。
所述终端以减小天线组的相关性系数为原则对所有可重构天线进行方向 调整。 图 2是本发明实施例中工作于 LTE FDD制式， 频段 7, 下行调制方式为 64QAM, 上行调制方式为 16QAM的波达方向搜索的流程图。 如图 2所示， 该波达方向搜索的方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 S202: 终端在开始工作时， 初始化所有天线方向图为全向， 各路天 线分别从空中接收信号；
步骤 S204: 按事先设置的各定向方向图进行全向扫描， 一次记录每一方 向的 SINR的值；
步骤 S206: 每一路天线将 SINR最大的方向确定为波达方向， 并将波达 方向的 SINR值作为该路天线的 SINR值；
步骤 S208: 判断所有天线的波达方向的 SINR是否都大于阀值 1 , 阀值 1的值为 18dB, 如果是则进入步骤 S402 , 否则进入 S302。
具体地， 根据 MIMO传输方式下能够解调信号为依据设置阔值 1。 图 3是本发明实施例中工作于 LTE FDD制式， 频段 7 , 下行调制方式为 64QAM, 上行调制方式为 16QAM的非 MIMO方式工作的流程图， 如图 3 所示， 非 MIMO的 SINR及相关性估计方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 S302: 比较各路天线接收信号的 SINR大小， 根据各路 SINR的大 小选择 SINR最大的天线作为发射天线， 进入步骤 S304, 全部天线作为接收 天线， 进入 S306。
步骤 S304: 发射天线按协议要求完成发射分集的作用。
步骤 S306: 接收天线按协议要求完成接收分集的作用。 图 4是本发明实施例中工作于 LTE FDD制式， 频段 7 , 下行调制方式为 64QAM,上行调制方式为 16QAM的 MIMO方式工作的流程图，如图 3所示， MIMO的 SINR及相关性估计方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 S402: 对任意两路可重构天线进行相关性估计， 得到各天线组的相 关性系数；
步骤 S404: 判断是否所有天线组的相关性系数是否均小于阔值 1 , 阀值 1的值为 0.7 , 如果是则进入步骤 S406 , 否则进入步骤 S408。
优选地， 所述相关性系数的阔值 1 以能作为 MIMO传输中作为发射天 线为依据进行设置。
步骤 S406: 选择每路的 SINR大于阀值 2 (如 15dB )且相关性系数小于 阔值 2 (如 0.6 ) 的天线组作为发射天线发射 MIMO信号， 其他作为接收。
SINR的阔值 2可以与 SINR的阔值 1相同， 优选地， SINR的阔值 1大 于 SINR的阔值 2。 SINR的阔值 2与 SIRN的阔值 1的设置依据相同。
相关性系数的阔值 2可以与相关性系数的阔值 1相同， 优选地， 相关性 系数的阔值 1大于相关性系数的阔值 2。 相关性系数的阔值 2与相关性系数 的阔值 1的设置依据相同。 一般地， 只选一组（2个） 天线作为发射天线。
步骤 S408: 对所有可重构天线的方向图进行调整后重新对方向图扫描， 得到新的 SINR的值， 最大值为各路天线的 SINR值；
重新对方向图扫描时， 因为网络环境的动态改变会得到不同的 SINR值。 根据相关性的大小来调整可重构天线的方向图， 来使接收信号既满足
SINR, 又满足 MIMO信号相关性要求， 保证高速数据传输目的。
步骤 S410:判断是否所有的 SINR的值都大于阔值 3 ,阀值 3的值为 20dB, 如果是，表明信号质量较好，执行步骤 S412,否则执行步骤 S408重新扫描； 步骤 S412: 相关性估计， 相关性系数是否低于设定阔值 3 , 阔值 3的值 为 0.5, 如果是则转 S406, 否则进入步骤 S408。
调整天线方向后的阔值， 可保持不变或合理提高或降低对天线要求， 可 理解地， 降低要求指增大 SINR阔值且减小相关性系数的阔值。
发射天线组的选择原则为 SINR高且相关性系数小。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供了一种终端， 如图 5所示， 该终端包 括：
至少两个可重构天线， 用于发射或接收射频信号；
可重构天线单元即方向图可重构天线单元， 其方向图在控制单元的控制 下可以变化， 对于移动终端来讲， 一般地接收天线的个数大于或等于发射天 线的个数， 此可重构天线至少有两个独立的接收天线单元组成， 用来接收两 路以上的下行 MIMO信号， 随着新材料及新技术在天线上的应用， 可重构天 线的小型化成为可能， 应用于移动终端的天线单元个数也越来越多。
信号质量扫描单元， 用于扫描各可重构天线的信号质量；
信号质量判断单元， 用于判断所有可重构天线的信号质量是否均大于信 号质量第一阔值；
控制单元，用于将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 /或接收天 线， 其中若所有可重构天线的信号质量均大于所述信号质量第一阔值则按多 输入多输出 （ MIMO )方式设置， 否则按非 MIMO方式设置。
按非 MIMO 方式设置指所述控制单元将信号质量最好的可重构天线设 置为发射天线， 并将所有可重构天线设置为接收天线。
具体地， 也可根据其他 MIMO 方式进行天线设置。
可选地， 所述终端还包括：
相关性估计单元，按 MIMO方式设置时， 用于对任意两个可重构天线进 行相关性估计得到各天线组的相关性系数； 即， 对多路信号相互之间的相关 性进行估计。
相关性判断单元， 用于判断是否所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相关性 第一阔值；
所述控制单元包括：
天线设置模块， 用于在所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相关性第一阔值 时， 设置各可重构天线的信号质量均大于信号质量第二阔值且相关性系数小 于相关性第二阔值的天线组的天线作为发射天线， 其他天线组的天线作为接 收天线；
天线调整模块， 在存在相关性系数小于相关性第一阔值的天线组时， 用 于对所有可重构天线进行方向调整并通知所述信号质量扫描单元重新扫描各 可重构天线的信号质量；
重新扫描后， 所述信号质量判断单元判断是否所有可重构天线的信号质 量是否都大于信号质量第三阔值， 如是则通知所述相关性估计单元重新进行 相关性估计， 否则通知天线调整模块对所述可重构天线进行方向调整。
所述信号质量第二阔值大于信号质量第一阔值， 所述相关性第二阔值大 于所述相关性第一阔值。
所述终端以减小天线组的相关性系数为原则对所有可重构天线进行方向 调整。
所述信号质量扫描单元包括：
信号质量记录模块， 用于针对各可重构天线进行全向扫描， 记录各个方 向的信号质量；
信号质量筛选模块， 用于终端从各个可重构天线的多个信号质量中选择 信号质量最好的方向作为波达方向， 并将该波达方向的信号质量作为该可重 构天线的信号质量。
所述信号质量釆用信号与干扰加噪声比（ Signal to Interference plus Noise
Ratio, SINR )或信噪比 （SNR )表示。
本发明利用至少两个可重构天线或者方向图可调天线， 扫描当前信号质 量，比如 SINR( Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio 信号与干扰和噪声比）， 并根据所有可重构天线的信号质量来确定是否釆用 MIMO传输，有效提高系 统容量。
优选地， 在判断釆用 MIMO传输的情形下， 判断 MIMO输入信号质量 的同时， 估计 MIMO信号的相关性， 找到一个最佳的 SINR和信号相关性的 组合来提高 MIMO系统容量， 同时不会太多增加终端结构和算法的复杂度。
另外， 本发明利用可重构天线在某一方向上具有较高增益的特性， 最大 化的提高终端发射和接收性能。
通过本发明， 在不改变现有通信协议的条件下， 克服了现有移动宽带终 端， 覆盖范围有限， 上下行数据传输速率较低的问题和缺点， 釆用可重构天 线单元， 在算法复杂度增加较小的条件下， 实时的根据 SINR、信号相关性、 调整终端天线的方向图。 既保证了通信质量， 扩大了小区的覆盖范围， 又可 以增加数据传输速率， 提高了频谱的利用效率。
工业实用性
本发明实施例利用至少两个可重构天线或者方向图可调天线， 扫描当前 信号质量, 比 口 SINR ( Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio - t号与千 t和 噪声比） ， 并根据所有可重构天线的信号质量来确定是否釆用 MIMO传输， 有效提高系统容量。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种利用可重构天线的通信方法， 该方法应用于包括至少两个可 重构天线的终端， 该方法包括：
所述终端扫描各可重构天线的信号质量；
所述终端判断所有可重构天线的信号质量是否均大于信号质量第一阔值; 所述终端将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 /或接收天线，其 中若所有可重构天线的信号质量均大于所述信号质量第一阔值， 则按多输入 多输出 （ MIMO )方式设置， 否则按非 MIMO方式设置。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 按非 MIMO方式设置指所述终 端将信号质量最好的可重构天线设置为发射天线， 并将所有可重构天线设置 为接收天线。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述终端按 MIMO方式将所述 至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 /或接收天线包括：
( a )所述终端对任意两个可重构天线进行相关性估计得到各天线组的相 关性系数；
( b )所述终端判断是否所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相关性第一阔值; 如是， 则设置各可重构天线的信号质量均大于信号质量第二阔值且相关性系 数小于相关性第二阔值的天线组的天线作为发射天线， 其他天线组的天线作 为接收天线； 否则执行步骤（d ) ；
( d )所述终端对所有可重构天线进行方向调整并重新扫描各可重构天线 的信号质量， 判断是否所有可重构天线的信号质量是否都大于信号质量第三 阔值， 如是则转执行步骤（a ) ， 否则重复步骤（d ) 。
4、 如权利要求 3 所述的方法， 其中， 所述信号质量第二阔值大于信 号质量第一阈值， 所述相关性第二阈值大于所述相关性第一阔值。
5、 如权利要求 3 所述的方法， 其中， 所述终端以减小天线组的相关
' 1·生系数为原则对所有可重构天线进行方向调整。
6、 如权利要求 1或 3所述的方法， 其中， 所述终端扫描各重构天线 的信号质量包括：
所述终端针对各可重构天线进行全向扫描， 记录各个方向的信号质量； 所述终端从各个可重构天线的多个信号质量中选择信号质量最好的方向 作为波达方向， 并将该波达方向的信号质量作为该可重构天线的信号质量。
7、 一种终端， 该终端包括：
至少两个可重构天线， 设置为： 发射或接收射频信号；
信号质量扫描单元， 设置为： 扫描各可重构天线的信号质量； 信号质量判断单元， 设置为： 判断所有可重构天线的信号质量是否均大 于信号质量第一阔值；
控制单元， 设置为： 将所述至少两个可重构天线设置为发射天线和 /或接 收天线， 其中若所有可重构天线的信号质量均大于所述信号质量第一阔值则 按多输入多输出 （ MIMO ) 方式设置， 否则按非 MIMO方式设置。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的终端， 其中， 按非 MIMO方式设置指所述控 制单元将信号质量最好的可重构天线设置为发射天线， 并将所有可重构天线 设置为接收天线。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的终端， 其中， 所述终端还包括：
相关性估计单元， 设置为： 按 MIMO方式设置时， 对任意两个可重构天 线进行相关性估计得到各天线组的相关性系数；
相关性判断单元， 设置为： 判断是否所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相 关性第一阔值；
所述控制单元包括：
天线设置模块， 设置为： 在所有天线组的相关性系数均小于相关性第一 阔值时， 设置各可重构天线的信号质量均大于信号质量第二阔值且相关性系 数小于相关性第二阔值的天线组的天线作为发射天线， 其他天线组的天线作 为接收天线；
天线调整模块， 设置为： 在存在相关性系数小于相关性第一阔值的天线 组时， 对所有可重构天线进行方向调整并通知所述信号质量扫描单元重新扫 描各可重构天线的信号质量；
所述信号质量判断单元设置为： 重新扫描后， 判断是否所有可重构天线 的信号质量是否都大于信号质量第三阔值， 如是则通知所述相关性估计单元 重新进行相关性估计， 否则通知天线调整模块对所述可重构天线进行方向调 整。
10、 如权利要求 9 所述的终端， 其中， 所述终端以减小天线组的相关 ' 1·生系数为原则对所有可重构天线进行方向调整。
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