WO2014161108A1 - Procédé de piégeage du carbone par plantation, récolte et mise en décharge de plantes herbacées à croissance rapide - Google Patents

Procédé de piégeage du carbone par plantation, récolte et mise en décharge de plantes herbacées à croissance rapide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014161108A1
WO2014161108A1 PCT/CN2013/000436 CN2013000436W WO2014161108A1 WO 2014161108 A1 WO2014161108 A1 WO 2014161108A1 CN 2013000436 W CN2013000436 W CN 2013000436W WO 2014161108 A1 WO2014161108 A1 WO 2014161108A1
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Prior art keywords
landfill
growing
soil
fast
grass
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PCT/CN2013/000436
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
雷学军
雷训
Original Assignee
Lei Xuejun
Lei Xun
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Publication of WO2014161108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014161108A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/006—Shafts or wells in waste dumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for carbon sequestration by planting and/or cultivating, harvesting and landfilling of fast-growing herbs, and belongs to the field of environmental protection.
  • CN101224464A (2008. 07. 23, application No. CN200810018961. X) discloses a method for underground carbon sequestration using biomass, which comprises pre-drying biomass (main straw), compressing and preservative treatment, and then burying it in Underground, for example buried in high-lying, dry and rain-stricken areas or buried under abandoned coal mines.
  • the patent mainly uses the orange stalks of crops or crops for underground landfill to achieve carbon sequestration.
  • the yield of straw is too low, and it cannot be harvested many times a year. It can only be harvested once and concentrated in one year.
  • the landfill is generally far away from the crop planting area, and the transportation of straw to the landfill is completed. This is too high, and the addition of preservatives can lead to increased costs and environmental pollution.
  • fast-growing herb fast-growing herb
  • fast-growing algae fast-growing algae
  • lichens or (4) moss harvesting or harvesting of herbs grown or grown, Algae, lichens or moss, dried, and then landfilled to achieve carbon sequestration.
  • the plants broadly include fast-growing herbs, as well as fast-growing algae, lichens or mosses (lower plants).
  • Plants are used interchangeably with biomass. Planting and/or growing areas are used interchangeably with growing areas.
  • a method of fixing carbon by using fast-growing herbs, fast-growing algae, lichens or moss comprising:
  • the harvesting or harvesting is generally mechanical or manual harvesting or harvesting, preferably mechanical harvesting or harvesting, for example harvesting of the grass plants using an agricultural harvester.
  • Filters can be used to harvest algae, or small mesh-type trawls can be used to collect algae in water bodies.
  • the selected land area or water body area described above as a planting and/or growing area is generally remote from the crop or crop planting area, for example at least 1 km, such as 2-5 km.
  • Landfills are generally located away from crops or crop-growing areas, such as at least 1 km, such as 2-6 km apart.
  • the retained "lower part of the stem” has at least one joint, preferably having 1-5 A joint, preferably 2 to 3 joints, to promote rapid germination or emergence of new leaves.
  • the fertilizer is applied regularly or periodically (multiple times) in these water bodies (such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer or fertilizer prepared by treatment of municipal solid waste or rich by urban domestic sewage treatment). Nutrient-treated water).
  • steps (1) - (4) or steps (2) - (4) can be repeated.
  • it is based on the growth height or size of the plant or the size of the plant (such as the growth height or size or plant size of fast-growing herbaceous plants grown in the land region or the growth of the water body region) or the growth density (such as algae, lichens or Moss growth density), repeat steps (2) - (4). Selection of suitable harvesting and/or harvesting opportunities is readily accomplished by those skilled in the art.
  • the water body region is divided into a fresh water type water body region and a marine water body region.
  • Fast-growing herbaceous plants grow rapidly in tropical, subtropical, warm tropical, temperate regions and can be harvested and/or harvested multiple times a year.
  • fast-growing herbaceous plants such as reeds and crickets, Pennisetum alopecuroides (L) Spreng, and grasses (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) Purple Pennisetum
  • hybrids such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Corus gracilis, Sweet Grass or Hybrid Pennisetum, which are cultivated by the hybrid of Pennisetum and Grass, can be harvested and/or harvested in a year. -6 times, even 5-8 times.
  • Fast-growing herbaceous plants such as water hyacinth (water hyacinth) or algae can be harvested and/or harvested in a single area of the water, especially in tropical, subtropical, and warm tropical regions.
  • Seawater algae can be cultivated in the vast oceans of the world, especially in the offshore areas of coastal attachments.
  • Freshwater algae are widely distributed in freshwater waters. Lichens or mosses are widely distributed on Earth and are distributed in various regions or regions from the tropics to the temperate zone or even to the frigid zone.
  • Magnetic separation device and method for sorting metal materials in domestic garbage and a device and method for sorting toxic and harmful substances in domestic garbage in CN102921548A, disclosed in CN102896137A, a city wet garbage wet Method of sorting process, disclosed in CN2026834791KCN201220361145) , a method for industrial mixed garbage sorting and comprehensive utilization disclosed in CN102671928A, disclosed in CN102671928A, a municipal mixed garbage sorting and comprehensive utilization method, disclosed in CN102794293A - a comprehensive treatment method for urban domestic garbage, disclosed in CN101289336A - Comprehensive disposal method of municipal solid waste, a domestic garbage sorting method disclosed in CN102179365A, CN102873031A garbage sorting system and method, a domestic garbage joint sorting device disclosed in CN102950140A, disclosed in CN202683452U (CN201220351070) A spiral-type garbage sorting machine disclosed in CN202741241U (CN201220382777), a domestic
  • a method for producing microbial light energy organic fertilizer, disclosed in CN102658285A, a domestic garbage organic matter liquefaction-biochemical treatment process and device, disclosed in CN102674908A, a facility supporting process for domestic garbage fertilizer, disclosed in CN102303985A The method for preparing organic fertilizer by using municipal solid waste as raw material, disclosed in CN102921695A, the municipal solid waste water selection and resource-reducing natural derivatization cycle ecosystem, and the subcritical water treatment in urban and rural organic solid waste production organic fertilizer and equipment disclosed in CN102146002A
  • the method disclosed in CN101747094A is a method for biochemical treatment of domestic waste organic fertilizer, disclosed in CN101063
  • the obtained organic fertilizer is directly laid on the land of the planting and/or cultivation area or blended with the soil (ie the soil in other places) and then planted and/or planted and/or
  • the cultivated area is used as a planting soil. This is to improve uncultivable land such as gravel areas and deserts (eg, not suitable)
  • the cultivation of cultivated deserts or Gobi deserts, sandy land or barren hills is advantageous.
  • soil in the growing and/or growing areas can improve soil structure by applying organic fertilizers, increase soil aggregates, increase soil agglomerate surface area, and enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity.
  • Organic fertilizers can improve soil structure and promote the formation of granular structures, thereby increasing soil porosity and improving soil aeration and water permeability.
  • the treated nutrient-rich (or organic matter) sewage is obtained by treating municipal sewage or wastewater, the latter being used in the step (1)
  • Fast-growing herbaceous plants in the planting and/or growing area during plant cultivation or growth and/or after harvesting or harvesting in step (2) (fast-growing herbaceous plants in terrestrial areas, such as fast-growing grasses such as reeds) , cockroaches, pennisetum, grassy, and hybrids cultivated by the hybrid of weeds and grasses, such as yarrow, giant grass, sweet grass or hybrid pennisetum; or freshwater water Fast-growing herbaceous plants, such as reeds, alfalfa, water hyacinth or algae), fast-growing algae (including freshwater algae and seaweeds), lichens or mosses for fertilizer application; especially for use in water bodies, such as freshwater water bodies or In the marine area (or marine type water body area), the fast-growing herb (re
  • the sewage treatment comprises: filtration, and optionally deodorization treatment (e.g., treatment with quicklime or slaked lime).
  • deodorization treatment e.g., treatment with quicklime or slaked lime.
  • the fast-growing herbaceous plants planted and/or cultivated in the land area are: vetiver, ryegrass, sudangrass, false sorghum, Mexican corn grass, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Artemisia annua L., Solidago canadensis, Ragweed, Pine herb, Polymer grass, Alfalfa, Mountain bitter, Sandalwood, Amaranthus, Eulaliopsis, European chicory, Alfalfa, Reed, Alfalfa, Grass sorghum, Ricegrass, Spartina alterniflora, foxtail grass, big rope grass, sea king grass, salt grass, sea iris, pennisetum or grassy, or hybrids cultivated by weeds and grassy hybrids, Such as Huangzhucao, giant grass, sweet grass, hybrid pennisetum, Dumu No.
  • scorpion pennisetum
  • grass Piernisetum purpureum Schum, also known as purple wolftail
  • hybrids cultivated by the hybrid of weed and grass Such as Huangzhucao, giant grass, sweet grass, hybrid pennisetum, Dumu No. 1 or Suza 2;
  • the inventors of the present application have carefully studied and found that in the same unit floor area of the planting and/or growing (growing) area, the above-mentioned fast-growing herbaceous plants are capable of capturing carbon dioxide by photosynthesis about 4 to 6 times that of trees or shrubs. Or, similarly, at least 4-6 times the ability of other herbs harvested in a year to capture carbon dioxide.
  • Fast-growing herbs or fast-growing algae apply fertilizers to promote rapid plant growth by applying fertilizer multiple times.
  • the selected land areas or water bodies described above as planting and/or growing areas are generally remote from crops or crop-growing areas, for example at least 1 km apart, such as 2-5 km apart, so fast-growing for these areas.
  • the application of fertilizers in herbaceous plants or fast-growing algae is relatively low, and nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers can be applied as much as possible to meet the needs of rapid plant growth.
  • Table 1 below is a list of fast-growing herbs.
  • Table 2 below is a list of fast growing algae.
  • landfill is: a valley type landfill, or a flat landfill (such as a low-lying land, or a landfill pit excavated on a flat land) .
  • the preferred landfill is a natural valley.
  • the valley type landfill or the flat landfill includes: a landfill unit (26) (referred to as a pit), a bottom of the landfill unit (such as the valley bottom) and a slope.
  • a landfill unit (26) referred to as a pit
  • a bottom of the landfill unit such as the valley bottom
  • a slope (1) an A compacted clay layer (5) is disposed thereon, and the A compacted clay layer (5) is provided with a barrier liner layer (6), and the pit bottom A compacts the clay layer (5) a gravel layer (3) is provided, and the gravel layer (3) is provided with a soil layer (2);
  • the landfill unit (26) consists of a space of the valley and an upper and lower intercepting dam, or a low-lying land or Artificially excavated pits.
  • the landfill unit (26) is provided with a leachate recirculation pipe (16), a plurality of landfill gas collection wells (20) and a landfill heat collection well (21). ;
  • a leachate extraction pipe (7) is disposed in the gravel layer (3), and the leachate extraction pipe (7) is connected with the leachate treatment utilization device (9), and the leachate treatment and utilization device (9) is infiltrated
  • the filtrate recirculation pipe (16) is connected, the leachate extraction pipe (7) is provided with a leachate extraction pump (8), and the leachate recirculation pipe (16) is provided with a leachate recirculation pump (15) ;
  • the cover soil layer (17) is provided with a geothermal well outlet pipe (13) and a geothermal well return pipe (14) inserted into the landfill heat collecting well (21), and the geothermal well outlet pipe (13) and landfill heat utilization are utilized.
  • the device (10) is connected, the landfill heat utilization device (10) is connected to the geothermal well return pipe (14), and the geothermal well outlet pipe (13) is provided with a ground source heat pump (12), and the geothermal well return pipe ( ) is equipped with geothermal well recirculation pump
  • the cover soil layer (17) is further provided with a gas collecting pipe (22) connected to the landfill gas collecting well (20), and the gas collecting pipe (22) is connected with the gas storage tank (24), and the gas collecting pipe (the gas collecting pipe) 23) an air pump (23) is provided thereon;
  • the landfill further includes a groundwater monitoring well (25) connected to the groundwater layer (4) beside the pit; the groundwater monitoring well (25) is provided with a longitudinal Drainage channel (32).
  • barrier liner layer (6) is a composite of HDPE geomembrane, or HDPE geomembrane and a geocomposite composite soil compact liner. Liner layer.
  • the landfill gas collection well (20) consists of a jacket (27) and an inner sleeve (28), the jacket (27) and The annulus between the inner sleeves (28) is filled with gravel (29), and the outer sleeve (27) and the inner sleeve (28) are provided with a plurality of small holes, and the inner sleeve (28) is connected with the gas collecting pipe (22).
  • the leachate extraction pipe (7), the leachate recirculation pipe (16), the gas collection pipe (22), the geothermal well outlet pipe (13) ), the wall material of the geothermal well return pipe (14), the outer casing (27) and the inner casing (28) is PVC or HDPE;
  • the landfill heat collecting well (21) is made of PVC, HDPE, glass, glass steel , ceramic or cement.
  • landfill heat collecting wells (21) are arranged in a hexagonal shape, and two adjacent landfill heat collecting wells (21) Distance 200 ⁇ 500m, landfill heat collection well (21) Depth is 1/2 ⁇ 2/3 of landfill space unit (26), landfill heat collection well (21) bottom hole distance landfill unit (26) The bottom is 1 ⁇ 2 m.
  • Flat landfills refer to landfills built in flat terrain, including landfills built on flat plains, tidal flats, Gobi deserts, and deserts.
  • the main landfill unit is located on the surface of the land, and the flood trench is intercepted around the landfill to intercept the rainwater outside the site and discharge the site. After the leachate is collected, it is sent to the downstream adjustment tank for concentration.
  • a valley-type landfill is a landfill built in a low depression between two mountains, including a biomass landfill built in valleys, gullies, potholes, sloping fields, abandoned, dry reservoirs, rivers and mines; Using the landfill space formed by the valley, the dam is built in the lower reaches of the valley (or dams are built on the upper and lower reaches of a valley).
  • the site is an independent hydrogeological unit, and the groundwater flows out to the valley. Outside the reservoir area, a circular reservoir intercepting ditch is set up to intercept the off-site rainwater and discharge into the downstream of the site. The leachate is collected and sent to the downstream conditioning tank for centralized treatment.
  • the landfill unit consists of a valley space (or a section of a valley space) and an upstream and downstream interceptor dam (or dam).
  • the two landfills should avoid nature reserves, scenic tourist areas, cultural relics and historic areas, residential areas and water conservation areas.
  • the nearest human and animal habitats should be greater than 800m, and there is no pollution impact on centralized domestic water intake points.
  • the landfill is located downstream of the groundwater flow, and the access roads should avoid the residents' concentrated areas.
  • Vegetation restoration in the landfill lay a layer of 5 ⁇ 200cm thick (preferably 20 ⁇ 100cm) planting soil on the covered soil, and then plant herbaceous plants, shrub plants and arbor plants; the planting soil is soil , peat soil and decomposed organic matter are formed by mixing 3 ⁇ 5: 1 ⁇ 2: 1 (by wt).
  • a step of utilizing leachate in a plant landfill comprising the following substeps: (al) collecting leachate from the landfill to the leachate pool;
  • the leachate collected in the step (al) is sent to the ammonia nitrogen stripping tower for denitrification through the mechanical grid and the homogenization tank, and the ammonia gas generated by the denitrification is recovered by the ammonia recovery tower; wherein, when the leachate passes When the pool is uniform, the pH value in the pool is adjusted by the lime emulsion in the lime milk tank;
  • the clarified liquid after fermentation degradation is clarified by the intermediate sedimentation tank and sent to the biological contact oxidation tower for oxidation, and then clarified by the secondary settling tank and sent to the reverse osmosis membrane device for filtration, and the filtered clean water is discharged to the finished water tank;
  • the sludge in the intermediate and secondary sedimentation tanks is sent to the sludge concentration tank for concentration;
  • a comprehensive utilization step of heat in a plant landfill comprising the following sub-steps: (bl) collecting heat generated by the biomass landfill through the geothermal well;
  • step (b2) The heat collected in step (bl) is sent to the steam turbine generator set by the generator heat pump, and is sent to the adsorption refrigeration unit for cooling by the heat pump of the refrigerator, and sent to the factory for heat supply by the heat pump of the factory equipment.
  • the heating pump is fed into the radiator for heating, and the heat pump is sent to the breeding pond and the paddy field to provide heat for the crops;
  • step (b3) The hot water discharged from the steam turbine generator set outlet after power generation in step (b2) is separately sent from the chiller heat pump to the adsorption chiller unit for cooling, and the factory equipment heat pump is sent to the factory for heat supply and heating.
  • the pump is sent to the radiator for heating, and the heat pump is sent to the breeding pond and the paddy field to provide heat for the crops;
  • step (b4) The hot water used in the refrigeration process of the adsorption chiller unit in step (b2) is separately sent from the heating pump to the radiator for heating, and the heat pump is sent to the breeding pond and the paddy field to provide heat for the crop;
  • step (b5) The hot water used in the hot standby heating process in the step (b2) is separately sent to the heating sheet by the heating pump, and the heat pump is sent to the breeding pond and the paddy field to provide heat for the crop;
  • step (b6) The hot water used in the refrigeration process of the adsorption chiller unit in step (b3) is separately sent from the heating pump to the radiator for heating, and the heat pump is sent to the breeding pond and the paddy field to provide heat for the crop;
  • step (b7) The hot water used in the hot standby heating process in the step (b3) is separately sent to the heating sheet by the heating pump, and the heat pump is sent to the breeding pond and the paddy field to provide heat for the crop;
  • step (c2) dehydrating the gas collected in the step (cl) through a dehydration tower, filtration through a filtration tower, desulfurization in a desulfurization tower, deoxidation in a vacuum deoxidation tower, drying in a drying tower, and separating the formazan, nitrogen and carbon dioxide through a membrane separation device;
  • the formazan separated in the step (c2) is purified by an adsorption device and compressed and collected in a formazan storage tank; the nitrogen is purified by a nitrogen purifying device and compressed and collected in a nitrogen storage tank; the carbon dioxide is purified by carbon dioxide The device is purified and compressed and collected in a carbon dioxide storage tank.
  • the processing steps for producing malodor in a plant landfill site including the following sub-steps: ( dl ) collecting the gas generated by the decomposition process of the biomass in the decomposition process to the gas collection tank, and collecting the liquid generated by the decomposition process of the biomass into the leachate pool;
  • Planting fast-growing, high-yield, high-carbon-harvesting terrestrial and aquatic herbaceous plants that can be harvested many times a year, with total leaf area and total number of chloroplasts, greater than the total leaf area and total number of chloroplasts of green plants of the same area cycle
  • the growth period of green plants lasts for more than 10 years; the total carbon capture of fast-growing herbs is 30 to 50 times the total carbon capture of green plants in the same area. See Table 3 below for comparison of leaf area of the two.
  • the present inventors first proposed planting fast-growing, high-yielding herbaceous plants, and by photosynthetic use, the atmosphere (the 0 2 is converted into organic matter and buried under the formation, and the gas generated by the landfill plant, Leachate, heat, etc. are collected and utilized to achieve a global growth in carbon emissions.
  • Annual landfill 138. 77 ⁇ 142.85 billion tons (dry weight) plants within 100 years, the atmospheric concentration of C0 2 can be obtained from the current 0. 03909% fell to 0. 0275% before the industrial revolution. It opened up a new way for humans to cope with the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
  • the distance between the landfill and the planting area is relatively short, usually within a radius of 100 km.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a landfill of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a landfill gas collection well
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a landfill heat collection well.
  • the crushed organic matter is added to human and animal waste, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, etc., carbon to nitrogen ratio of 20 ⁇ 30: 1;
  • the compound of the beneficial bacteria powder is diluted with 50 ⁇ 100 times, and the mixture is incubated for 8 to 12 hours. , pH value is 6 ⁇ 9; control organic matter reactor humidity is 45 ⁇ 60%.
  • the mixture is stirred and the compound is added to the organic material, and the amount of the additive is 0. 5kg of compound beneficial bacteria powder; the composting material humidity is maintained at 55 ⁇ 60%. between.
  • Example B Urban domestic sewage treatment, obtaining nutrient-rich treated sewage
  • Urban domestic sewage mainly includes kitchen washing water, flushing wastewater and other living waste water.
  • This type of wastewater contains a large amount of solid suspended matter, chemically or biodegradable dissolved or colloidally dispersed organic matter, nitrogenous compounds (including ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and organic nitrogen), phosphate, potassium sodium and heavy metals. Ions, fungal biota, etc. If it is discharged into natural water without treatment or treatment, it will lead to eutrophication of water bodies. Toxicity accumulation, when water with high nitrogen content and high phosphorus content is discharged into the natural world, it is easy to cause eutrophication of water bodies, resulting in deterioration of water quality and environmental pollution.
  • the sludge and sewage enter the aeration tank at the same time, and the microorganisms in the aeration tank adsorb and decompose the organic matter in the sewage to purify the sewage.
  • the treated sewage is discharged into the aeration tank after sedimentation, and can directly feed the fast-growing and high-yield herb plants.
  • Example C Urban domestic sewage treatment, obtaining nutrient-rich treated sewage
  • the effluent of the treated sewage is passed through the effluent of the treated sewage.
  • the effluent is passed through the effluent.
  • Transport vehicles or pipelines are transported to the planting and/or growing area for watering the plants.
  • Example 1 Valley type landfill or flat landfill
  • the valley type biomass landfill includes a landfill unit 26, a bottom of the landfill unit (the bottom of the valley or the bottom of the pit) and the slope 1
  • An A compacted clay layer 5 is disposed thereon, and an impervious liner 6 is disposed in the A compacted clay layer 5 of the pit bottom and the slope, and the gravel layer 3 is disposed on the compacted clay layer 5 of the pit bottom A.
  • the gravel layer 3 is provided with a soil layer 2; the landfill space unit 26 is filled with a valley, and the buried space unit 26 is provided with a B compacted clay layer 33 on the surface layer, and the B clay layer 33 is provided with a waterproof layer.
  • the waterproof layer 18 is provided with a covering soil layer 17; the edge of the covering soil layer 17 is provided with a horizontal drainage ditch 19; the landfill space unit 26 is provided with a leachate recirculation pipe 16, and a plurality of landfill gas collection
  • the filtrate recirculation pipe 16 is connected, and the leachate extraction pipe 7 is provided with a leachate extraction pump 8, and the leachate recirculation pipe 16 is provided with an infiltration a liquid recirculation pump 15;
  • the cover soil layer 17 is provided with a geothermal well outlet pipe 13 and a geothermal well return pipe 14 inserted into the landfill heat collecting well 21, and the geothermal well outlet pipe 13 is connected to the landfill heat utilization device 10,
  • the landfill heat utilization device 10 is connected to the geothermal well
  • the impervious liner 6 is a composite liner composed of an HDPE geomembrane, or an HDPE geomembrane and a geocomposite composite intumescent liner.
  • the geothermal well outlet pipe 13 inserted into the landfill heat collecting well 21 is provided with a plurality of small holes at the end.
  • the landfill gas collection well 20 is composed of a jacket 27 and an inner sleeve 28.
  • the annulus between the jacket 27 and the inner sleeve 28 is filled with grit 29, and the outer casing 27 and the inner sleeve 28 are provided with a plurality of small holes.
  • the inner sleeve 28 is connected to the gas collecting pipe 22.
  • the wall material of the leachate extraction pipe 7, the leachate recirculation pipe 16, the gas collection pipe 22, the geothermal well outlet pipe 13, the geothermal well return pipe 14, the outer casing 27 and the inner casing 28 is PVC or HDPE;
  • the collection wall 21 material is PVC, HDPE, glass, glass steel, ceramic or cement.
  • the liquid pervious recirculation pipe 16 in the landfill space unit 26 is provided with a plurality of small holes.
  • the plurality of landfill heat collecting wells 21 are arranged in a hexagonal shape, and the distance between two adjacent landfill heat collecting wells 21 is 200 to 500 m, and the depth of the landfill heat collecting well 21 is 1/2 of the height of the landfill space unit 26.
  • the landfill heat collection well 21 is located at the bottom of the landfill unit 26 and the bottom of the landfill unit 26 is 1 ⁇ 2 mo.
  • the plurality of landfill gas collection wells 20 are arranged in a hexagonal shape, and the distance between two adjacent landfill gas collection wells 20 10 ⁇ 50m, the depth of the landfill gas collection well 20 is 1/3 ⁇ 1/2 of the height of the landfill space unit (26), and the bottom of the landfill gas collection well 20 is 2 ⁇ 5 m from the top of the landfill space unit 26.
  • Example 2 Planting and cultivating, harvesting and landfilling of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass, Royal bamboo Grass, Sweet Grass or Hybrid Pennisetum
  • the species cultivated by the hybridization of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum, such as Huangzhucao, Sweet Grass, Hybrid Pennisetum, etc., are vegetatively propagated with stems, expand the planting area, and pass water and fertilizer management. Multiple harvesting to achieve high-yield cultivation and scientific landfill.
  • the temperature reaches 2 ⁇ 5 in May and May, it is more suitable for seedlings.
  • the temperature is lower than 5°C, the plastic mulch is used to cover the seedlings.
  • the weather is dry and the temperature exceeds 40 ⁇ , it is not suitable for seedlings.
  • the cut section can be soaked with ABT rooting powder with a mass concentration ratio of lOOppm for 20 ⁇ 24h to promote rooting and germination.
  • 1g of rooting powder can treat 3000 ⁇ 5000 stem segments; or it can be directly stained with grass ash or lime at the incision.
  • the buds of the buds are placed at an angle of 30 ⁇ 45° to the ground and inserted into the soil at an angle of 30 ⁇ 45°.
  • One section of the buds is inserted into the soil 2 ⁇ 3cm, and the last bud of many sections can be exposed outside the soil;
  • the axillary buds are placed flat on the soil, and the axillary buds and stems are covered with fine soil. After the next planting, timely pour the foot 1 time to clear the dung water or clear water.
  • the seedlings Before the seedlings grow out of the ground, keep the soil in the seedbed moist and water in sunny days. After 7 to 10 days, the seedlings will start to be transplanted. After 20 to 30 days, the seedlings can be transplanted at a height of 20 to 25 cm. During the seedling stage, the surface layer of the soil is caused by watering, and the soil around the seed section should be loosened in time. After the seedlings are unearthed for 10 days, the seedlings are still yellow and thin, and 20 ⁇ 25kg of urea is applied per acre combined with watering, or 10 ⁇ 15kg of ammonium nitrite is added to 200 ⁇ 300kg of human and animal manure, evenly splashed.
  • the aphids endanger the leaves and stems of the plants, and dilute them with 1000% to 1500 times of water with a concentration of 40% by weight of omethoate, or dilute them to 2000 ⁇ 3000 with a concentration ratio of 25%. Double liquid spray control.
  • the level of Datian plant spacing is 30 ⁇ 4001 ⁇ 40 ⁇ 500;:11, 10 ⁇ 15cm deep, planting ditch or planting hole, 1 hole per hole, 2000 ⁇ 3000 plants per acre; poorly lighted land or barren mountainous area, Plant spacing is 50 ⁇ 70cm x 80 ⁇ 100cm, depth 10 ⁇ 15cm to open planting ditch or planting hole, 1 hole per hole, 800 ⁇ 1200 plants per acre.
  • 10 ⁇ 15g of compound fertilizer or urea is applied to each hole to promote early tillering, multi-split, and accelerate seedling growth. Then backfill 2 ⁇ 5cm thick fine soil to cover the bottom fertilizer; then put the seedlings in the planting ditch and strengthen the surrounding area with soil.
  • the seedlings grow slowly in the early stage, and are easily affected by weeds.
  • the plants are weeded and weeded 1 to 2 times before the plants are closed.
  • the first time of cultivating when the plants start to divide till 25 ⁇ 35 days after transplanting, choose the sunny day for weeding and loosening the soil; the second weeding is 60 ⁇ 70 days after transplanting, then the plant grows most vigorously, combined with weeding and loosening soil,
  • the soil is planted around the nursery to avoid plant lodging; after each harvest, weeding and weeding should be carried out to loosen the soil.
  • the varieties cultivated by the hybrids of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum are like fertile water, and the weather is fine and dry for a long time. Watering once every 3 ⁇ 5 days or applying 1 time of clearing water; continuous rainy days, pay attention to drainage Anti-staining.
  • each compound is applied with 10 ⁇ 15g of compound fertilizer or urea; when the plant grows to a height of 100 ⁇ 150cm, 20 ⁇ 25g of compound fertilizer or urea is applied per hectare, or 400g of manure per acre. ⁇ 500kg plus nitrogen ammonium 20 ⁇ 25kg. 2 ⁇ 5 days after each harvest, 500 ⁇ 800kg of animal manure per acre after loosening, or 20 ⁇ 25kg of urea or urea per mu combined with watering.
  • anthracnose and powdery mildew harm the seedling leaves and stems, keep the air circulation between the plants and reduce the humidity in the field;
  • the mass concentration ratio of anthracnose and powdery mildew prevention and control is 5% carbendazim diluted with water 800 ⁇ 1000
  • the liquid is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture of 3 to 5 kg of lime, 3 to 5 kg of sulfur, and 1000 to 1500 kg of water, and sprayed twice continuously for 5 to 7 days.
  • the varieties cultivated by the hybrids of Pennisetum, Elephant Grass and Pennisetum are strong in roots and can grow continuously for 4 to 8 years.
  • the weeds in the field are cleared to reduce the pests and winters.
  • the last one will be left at 10 ⁇ 15cm during harvest, which will naturally winter; the lowest temperature in winter is 0 ⁇ -5°C, and the area with long frost period is recommended to be 12 ⁇ 18cm. Covered with hay or plastic film to keep warm for the winter.
  • the plant Every 5 to 11 days from May to November, when the plant is as high as 100 ⁇ 150cm, it can be harvested once, and it can be harvested 4 ⁇ 8 times a year. At the first harvest, leave 10cm, and then "successive green cutting" to facilitate plant regeneration, and finally the height of the stubble does not exceed 20cm. Avoid rain harvesting to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
  • the output in the first year is slightly lower, the output per mu is 10 ⁇ 15 tons, and the output after the second year is 20 ⁇ 30 tons.
  • the harvested young crops should not be stacked in the growing ground for more than 2 days.
  • the young crops are rich in water and are prone to heat during the stacking process, which affects the next regeneration. It is best to remove the young crops from the growing area on the day of castration, and dry for 3 to 5 days, naturally dry to reduce the water content of the plants, and then transport them to the plant landfill for landfill.
  • the surface parts of the plants harvested in autumn can be transported to the landfill for landfill after being bundled.
  • Example 3 Planting and cultivating, harvesting and landfilling of reeds or alfalfa
  • Reeds and alfalfa are plants that require high nitrogen and high potassium.
  • the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 16 ⁇ 20: 1 ⁇ 2: 8 ⁇ 10 is most beneficial for growth.
  • 10 ⁇ 20kg of calcium fertilizer can be added per acre to promote growth.
  • the vegetative growth period before jointing is mainly based on nitrogen metabolism.
  • the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the aerial part is the highest period of the year, applying 10 ⁇ 15kg per mu or 10 ⁇ 15kg of urea; after heading to heading Before flowering, carbon and nitrogen metabolism are vigorous. The focus of nutrient supply is still above ground, and 5 ⁇ 10kg of urea per acre. After heading and flowering, carbon metabolism is the main factor, and some aboveground plants stop growing. Nutrients mainly supply underground organs.
  • Reeds and alfalfa are hi-water plants, which grow on silt swamp soil, humus marsh soil, peat swamp soil, peat soil and coastal salt soil. They have a wide adaptability to water, and can grow from a few centimeters to a depth of lm. The most suitable water depth is about 20 to 30 cm. pH6. 0 ⁇ 7. 5, alkali resistance is not acid resistant, pH above 8. 5 can also survive, but the growth is not good, the plant is short, and the stem is soft.
  • the main pest is aphid, sprayed with 500 times solution of imipenem wettable powder with a mass concentration ratio of 10%; Or a mass concentration ratio of 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1. 5 ⁇ 2 . 5L / hm 2 , plus 80% of the dilute emulsifiable concentrate with a mass concentration ratio of 0. 75 ⁇ lL/hm 2 , diluted with water to 500 ⁇ 600 times Spray control.
  • Castration in the middle of jointing is more appropriate, which not only increases the number of harvests, but also has less impact on autumn harvest.
  • Harvesting before the middle of jointing is beneficial to the growth of the latter, but the yield is low.
  • the yield per harvest is high, but it affects the growth of the next one and reduces the total yield.
  • the harvest can be postponed appropriately during the flood period, but not later than the flowering period.
  • the plant's apical dominance is removed, which causes the axillary buds on the wreck to sprout into new strains. Only the lower axillary buds of the reeds can germinate, and the buds can germinate everywhere.
  • the height of the stubble is 10 ⁇ 30cm, and there are 1 ⁇ 2 knots guaranteed. Each time you cast, you must leave 1 or 2 knots on the basis of the previous stay.
  • the young crops harvested in the middle of the jointing period are stacked in the growing ground and cannot exceed 2 days.
  • the young seedlings are rich in water and are prone to heat during the stacking process, which affects the next regeneration. It is best to remove the young crops from the growing area and dry them for 3 to 5 days, naturally drying to reduce the water content of the plants, and then transport them to the plant landfill for landfill.
  • Example 4 Planting and cultivating, harvesting and landfilling of Eichhornia crassipes and algae
  • the seedlings of Eichhornia crassipes and algae are used for asexual reproduction, the planting area is expanded, and high-yield cultivation and scientific landfill are realized through water and fertilizer management and multiple harvesting.
  • Eichhornia crassipes and algae can be propagated throughout the year at temperatures below 10 ⁇ , and winters need to be protected in frosty areas in winter.
  • the average water temperature reaches 15 °C or higher in the following year, choose a water body rich in organic matter, a water depth of 0. 5 ⁇ lm or a water body with a slow flow rate, and the roots of the plant can be naturally put into the water downwards, and the water surface is placed on each acre.
  • the water depth is 30 ⁇ 100 cm , and the water depth can exceed 10 meters. It can still grow normally, but it is not convenient for fertilizer and water management.
  • the base fertilizer Before the large-scale planting, the base fertilizer should be applied.
  • the nutrient-rich water body should be fertilized with organic fertilizer 500 ⁇ 1000kg, and the nutrient-deficient water body should be cooked with 1000 ⁇ 2000kg of organic fertilizer.
  • the water surface is divided into several units by rope, trees, bamboo and other materials to prevent the water from affecting the plant ramets, and the appropriate plant density can increase the individual growth height of the plants.
  • a single growth unit area of 1000 ⁇ 5000 m 2 is suitable, and the fence is exposed to a water surface height of 10 to 50 cm.
  • the main pests and diseases are aphids, leaf curlers, green worms, powder beetles and verticillium wilt.
  • the most harmful are aphids and verticillium wilt.
  • the aphid can be sprayed with a mass concentration ratio of 40% dimethoate emulsion, diluted with water to 200 ⁇ 300 times. After the onset of verticillium wilt, spray with Bordeaux mixture of 5 kg of lime, 5 kg of sulfur, and 800 to 1000 kg of water.
  • spray with Bordeaux mixture of 5 kg of lime, 5 kg of sulfur, and 800 to 1000 kg of water.
  • the water content of Eichhornia crassipes and algae is as high as 95%. After catching the fish, spread it on the shore for 2 to 5 days, draining the water to reduce the transport weight. When the temperature is high, the concentrated stacking time on the shore cannot exceed 5 days, so it must be landfilled.
  • step (2) The leachate collected in step (1) is sent to the ammonia nitrogen stripping tower for denitrification through the mechanical grid and the homogenization tank, and the ammonia gas generated by the denitrification is recovered by the ammonia recovery tower; wherein, when the leachate passes through When the pool is uniform, the pH value in the pool is adjusted by the lime emulsion in the lime milk tank;
  • the clarified liquid after fermentation degradation is clarified by the intermediate sedimentation tank, sent to the biological contact oxidation tower for oxidation, and then clarified by the secondary settling tank and sent to the reverse osmosis membrane device for filtration, and the filtered clean water is discharged to the finished water tank;
  • the sludge in the intermediate and secondary sedimentation tanks is sent to the sludge concentration tank for concentration;
  • the concentrated solid particles in the sludge concentration tank are dehydrated by a dehydrator to form a mud cake, the mud cake and the new biomass are re-buried, and the separated sewage is returned to the homogenization tank.
  • the comprehensive utilization equipment and method for the heat generated by landfill fast-growing plants can be found in 201210588028. 2 .
  • the comprehensive utilization equipment and method for the gas generated by landfill fast-growing plants can be found in 201210529862.
  • the treatment equipment and method for producing malodor caused by landfill fast-growing plants See 201210529822. X. The contents of these documents are incorporated herein by reference as if they were described in detail herein.
  • the plant landfill vegetation restoration method (1) Planting soil preparation:
  • the surface of the landfill will be trimmed to form the slope top and slope, and then cover the soil of 30 ⁇ 150cm.
  • a layer of 2 ⁇ 100cm thick planting soil is laid on the soil covered by the biomass landfill. Seeds of herbaceous plants such as teff, goosegrass, sage, clover or alfalfa are sown when the climate is right.
  • the normal tree planting method is adopted at the top of the slope.
  • the slope surface is in the form of “fish scale pit” and the planting points are equally spaced along the contour line to intercept natural precipitation and irrigation water to prevent soil erosion.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de piégeage du carbone en utilisant des plantes herbacées à croissance rapide, des algues, lichens ou mousses à croissance rapide, comprenant : (1) planter et/ou cultiver des plantes herbacées à croissance rapide, des algues, des lichens ou des mousses à croissance rapide, dans une zone de terrain ou d'eau sélectionnée ; (2) récolter ou récupérer les plantes, algues, lichens ou mousses après leur croissance jusqu'à une hauteur ou une taille appropriée pendant une période de temps ; (3) sécher les plantes récoltées ou récupérées, de préférence par séchage naturel par exemple par séchage au soleil ou à l'air, pour obtenir des plantes, des algues, lichens ou mousses séchés ; (4) transporter les plantes, algues, lichens ou mousses séchés à une décharge, et les y décharger ; (5) après la décharge, couvrir les plantes déchargées avec une couche de sol ordinaire ; et (6) récupérer la végétation dans la décharge.
PCT/CN2013/000436 2013-04-02 2013-04-15 Procédé de piégeage du carbone par plantation, récolte et mise en décharge de plantes herbacées à croissance rapide WO2014161108A1 (fr)

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