WO2014157078A1 - Wood drying apparatus and method - Google Patents

Wood drying apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014157078A1
WO2014157078A1 PCT/JP2014/058065 JP2014058065W WO2014157078A1 WO 2014157078 A1 WO2014157078 A1 WO 2014157078A1 JP 2014058065 W JP2014058065 W JP 2014058065W WO 2014157078 A1 WO2014157078 A1 WO 2014157078A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wood
air
particles
activated
drying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/058065
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
則久 正木
Original Assignee
Masaki Norihisa
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Publication date
Application filed by Masaki Norihisa filed Critical Masaki Norihisa
Publication of WO2014157078A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014157078A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drying apparatus and method for drying wood.
  • the present invention relates to a wood drying apparatus and method for heating and drying wood containing moisture such as logs after cutting with smoke components generated by combustion of fuel.
  • the present inventor has already provided a carbon film inside the drying chamber, heated the drying chamber to generate radiant heat from the carbon film, heated the wood, and maintained by maintaining the core temperature of the wood.
  • a drying method and apparatus are disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
  • a carbon film provided with carbon is heated by heating the drying chamber, and radiant heat of carbon is generated from substantially the entire surface of the carbon film to efficiently and uniformly heat the wood.
  • the surface and the core part of the wood are uniformly heated, and the temperature condition of the core part is kept constant, thereby obtaining a constant dry state for substantially the whole wood.
  • the inventor of the present application further improves the wood drying method and apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1, and provides a wood drying method and apparatus that can dry to the inside with less deterioration of the wood and that can be dried in a shorter time. It came to find out.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a wood drying apparatus and method capable of sufficiently drying the wood without further deterioration.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a wood drying apparatus and method capable of obtaining a faster drying rate.
  • a wood drying apparatus is connected to an air activation means including activated particles capable of releasing electromagnetic waves or charged particles by contact with air taken from outside, and is connected to the air activation means.
  • Combustion chamber that generates smoke components by burning fuel using air supplied through the activating means, and wood that is connected to the combustion chambers and stored inside by the smoke components generated in the combustion chambers And a drying chamber configured to dry.
  • the air taken in from the outside comes into contact with the activated particles that generate electromagnetic waves and charged particles, the molecules and particles contained in the air are physically acted on and activated.
  • the fuel By burning the fuel using this activated air to generate a smoke component, supplying the generated smoke component to the combustion chamber and drying the wood, the wood can be sufficiently dried to the inside without further deterioration, and A faster drying rate can be obtained.
  • the activated particles are preferably selected from particles containing at least one of particles containing radium, amphibole particles, and particles containing carbon and silicon. Particles containing radium and particles containing carbon and silicon can emit electromagnetic waves. Amphibole particles and particles containing carbon and silicon can release charged particles. These activated particles are relatively easy to supply.
  • the activation particles are provided in the activation means as a flat plate-shaped activation member dispersed in the ceramic.
  • the content of activated particles with respect to the activation member can be easily adjusted, and the contact area and time with the air can be adjusted by the size, number or arrangement of the flat plates, so an activation member that effectively contacts the air is designed. it can.
  • the activated particles are preferably contained in the activated member at a weight ratio of 40 to 80% by weight with respect to the activated member, and are contained in the activated member at a weight ratio of about 50% by weight with respect to the activated member. It is more preferable. When the content of the activated particles is within this range, it is easy to come into contact with air on the surface of the activated member, and the activated member in which activated particles are dispersed is easily molded.
  • the activated particles preferably have a diameter of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
  • the activated particles have a sufficient surface area, and when dispersed in the activated member, the activated particles have a large area appearing on the surface of the activated member, so that they are easily brought into contact with air.
  • the air activating means has a suction port for sucking air and a discharge port for discharging air, and the activating member has at least one surface non-parallel to a straight line connecting the suction port and the discharge port. It is also preferred that the air activation means is disposed in the air activation means, and the air activation means comprises a flow path through which air flows along at least one non-parallel surface. The air moves along a flow path that is longer than a straight line from the inlet to the outlet while contacting the activated particles. For this reason, the time for the air to contact the activated particles is lengthened.
  • the wood drying method supplies air taken in from the outside to the combustion chamber after contacting the electromagnetic particles or activated particles capable of releasing charged particles, and uses the air supplied in the combustion chamber as a fuel.
  • the smoke component is generated by burning the wood, and the generated smoke component is supplied to the drying chamber containing the wood to dry the wood.
  • the air taken in from the outside comes into contact with the activated particles that generate electromagnetic waves and charged particles, the molecules and particles contained in the air are physically acted on and activated.
  • the fuel By burning the fuel using this activated air to generate a smoke component, supplying the generated smoke component to the combustion chamber and drying the wood, the wood can be sufficiently dried to the inside without further deterioration, and A faster drying rate can be obtained.
  • fuel is burned using air activated by activated particles to generate smoke components, and the generated smoke components are supplied to the combustion chamber to dry the wood, thereby further deteriorating the wood.
  • the inside can be sufficiently dried, and a faster drying rate can be obtained.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway side view showing in detail an activating member in the air activating means of FIG. 3.
  • the wood drying apparatus 1 in the present embodiment includes a combustion chamber 20 that burns fuel using supplied air to generate smoke components, and first and second in the combustion chamber 20. Are connected via the smoke component supply pipes 51 and 53, and include a drying chamber 30 in which the woods 31a and 31b can be housed, and an air supply pipe 50 connected to the combustion chamber 20 for supplying air taken in from the outside. ing.
  • the wood drying apparatus 1 further includes an air activation means 10 including an activation member including activation particles described later that can emit electromagnetic waves or charged particles. This air activation means 10 is connected to the combustion chamber 20 via an air supply pipe 50.
  • the air activation means 10 includes a main body 12 and at least one activation member storage housing 11 provided in the main body 12.
  • the main body 12 is comprised from the metal cylinder.
  • the main body 12 is a stainless steel square tube.
  • a cylindrical suction port member 12 a is attached to the lower end of the main body 12.
  • the suction port member 12 a has a cylindrical shape whose inner diameter is larger than the length of one side of the square tube of the main body 12, and is configured to easily suck the air 40 a from the outside into the main body 12.
  • a cylindrical discharge port member 12 b having an inner diameter larger than the length of one side of the square tube of the main body 12 is attached to the upper end of the main body 12.
  • the main body 12 is configured by connecting two square tubes with a rib portion 12c made of metal such as stainless steel, and the main body 12 is attached to a support member 14 described later on the outer surface of the main body 12.
  • the mounting frames 12d and 12e made of metal such as stainless steel are fixed by welding.
  • the air activation means 10 has an inlet 10a for sucking and taking in air 40a from the outside, and an outlet 10b connected to the air supply pipe 50 and for discharging activated air 40b.
  • the lower end and the upper end of the main body 12 having the inlet member 12a and the outlet member 12b correspond to the inlet 10a and the outlet 10b, respectively.
  • an activation member storage housing 11 is accommodated in the main body 12, and in this embodiment, the four activation member storage housings 11 are continuously connected to the main body 12. Contained.
  • the activation member storage housing 11 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that can be stored in the main body 12 in this embodiment.
  • the activation member storage housing 11 is configured by surrounding its six surfaces with a stainless steel plate.
  • a large number of air holes 16 and 17 are provided in the bottom surface portion 11a and the top surface portion 11b of the activation member housing case 11, respectively.
  • a total of 64 vent holes 16 and 17 of 8 ⁇ 8 are formed so as to be uniformly distributed over substantially the entire bottom surface 11a and top surface 11b.
  • Each of the vent holes 16 and 17 is a circular opening and penetrates the bottom surface portion 11a and the top surface portion 11b.
  • the activation member storage housing 11 is provided with a plurality of support members 15 for supporting an activation member 13 described later.
  • the support member 15 is a plurality of pin members that protrude from the front and back inner walls in the drawing of the activation member storage housing 11. Each of these pin members is constituted by a cylindrical stainless steel pin, and is fixed to the inner wall of the activation member housing 11 by welding.
  • a plurality of activation members 13 are accommodated in the activation member storage casing 11.
  • the activation member 13 is configured as a plate-like member containing a large number of activation particles 13a.
  • the activation member 13 is formed by dispersing a large number of activation particles 13a in a binder 13b.
  • These activated particles 13 a are configured such that a part thereof is exposed on the surface of the activation member 13.
  • the activated particles 13 a are uniformly dispersed in the binder 13 b, and a part thereof is exposed on the surface of the activating member 13.
  • the activated particles 13a are particles that can emit electromagnetic waves or charged particles.
  • the particles that can emit electromagnetic waves are, for example, particles containing radioactive substances or substances that emit far infrared rays.
  • Ore containing a radium element may contain a radon element that is a product of radiation of the radium element.
  • Other particles capable of emitting electromagnetic waves include ore particles containing carbon that easily emits far-infrared rays. More specifically, the ore particles containing carbon include black silica particles containing silicon and carbon.
  • the particles capable of releasing charged particles are particles capable of releasing charged elements (for example, ions) and charged fine particles.
  • Examples of the particles capable of releasing ions include particles containing a substance that is generally said to generate negative ions. Such particles include amphibole particles and tourmaline particles.
  • the activated particles 13a ore particles containing a radioactive radium element that is a particle that generates electromagnetic waves are used.
  • the activated particles 13a ore particles containing a radium element are mixed with particles of amphibole and otohime stones.
  • the activated particles 13a It is desirable to use particles having a diameter of less than 1000 ⁇ m as the activated particles 13a. If the diameter is too large, the surface area becomes small and it becomes difficult to come into contact with the air 40. If the diameter is too small, it is difficult to be exposed on the surface of the activating member 13, and it is difficult to contact the air 40. In the present embodiment, those having a thickness of 20 to 60 ⁇ m are used.
  • the content of the activated particles 13a in the activation member 13 is preferably 40 to 80% by weight. If the amount of the activated particles 13a is too small with respect to the binder 13b, the effect due to contact with the air 40 cannot be sufficiently obtained. If the amount is too large relative to the binder 13b, the activation member 13 cannot be molded.
  • the activation particles 13a are 40 to 55% by weight and the proportion of the binder is increased, the strength of the activation member 13 is increased and the handling becomes easy, and the cost can be reduced. If the activated particles 13a are 60 to 80% by weight, the contact area of the activated particles 13a with the air 40 increases.
  • the binder 13b is kneaded with the activated particles 13a and added so that the activated member 13 can be easily molded.
  • the binder 13b may be any material as long as it can be easily kneaded with the activated particles 13a.
  • the binder 13b is a ceramic material or a resin material. As the ceramic, clay and other sintered bodies can be used. In the present embodiment, the binder 13b is clay.
  • a plurality of activation members 13 are accommodated in the activation member accommodation housing 11. 4 and 5, these activation members 13 are arranged so as to be bridged around a support member 15 which is a plurality of pin members protruding from the inner walls on the front and rear surfaces.
  • the activating member 13 is spanned between the supporting members 15 at different height positions among the supporting members 15 on the front and back surfaces, so that the activating member 13 is inclined to the left and right as shown in the figure.
  • the left side is engaged with the support member 15 at the lower position
  • the right side is engaged with the support member 15 at the higher position.
  • the upper left and lower right activation members 13B are shorter in length than the other activation members 13A because the span is shortened.
  • a gap 41 through which smoke passes is formed in some form between the left and right ends of the activation member 13 and the inner wall of the activation member housing 11.
  • the lowermost and uppermost activation members 13 are provided with gaps 41 between their lower left and upper right ends and the inner wall of the activation member storage housing 11, and are one above the lowermost.
  • the lower left end is brought into contact with the inner wall of the activation member storage housing 11, and a gap 41 is provided between the upper right end and the inner wall of the activation member storage housing 11, The upper right end of the activating member 13 is brought into contact with the inner wall of the activating member storage housing 11, and a gap 41 is provided between the lower left end and the inner wall of the activating member storage housing 11.
  • a zigzag air flow path is formed.
  • the surface of the activation member 13 is inclined with respect to a straight line connecting the suction port 10a and the discharge port 10b of the air activation unit 10.
  • a flow path is formed so as to be discharged along the surface of the activating member storage casing 11 and then to the outside of the activating member housing 11 through the vent hole 17 of the top surface portion 11b.
  • the support member 14 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is made of a metal frame member, and the air activation means 10 is fixed to the support member 14 by welding attachment frames 12d and 12e.
  • the combustion chamber 20 is a combustion furnace for generating a smoke component for burning the fuel 22 and drying the woods 31a and 31b in the drying chamber 30.
  • the combustion chamber 20 is surrounded by a wall member 21.
  • the wall member 21 is composed of a composite constituent material in which a heat insulating material is sandwiched between steel plates coated with a heat insulating material. Although a heat insulating material can be selected suitably, in this embodiment, a refractory ceramic is used.
  • Fuel 22 is fed into the interior of the wall member 21 through a supply port 24 that is provided on the front surface (in FIG. 1) and can be opened and closed by an opening / closing door 23, and combustion is performed.
  • the open / close door 23 can be driven up and down by a winch mechanism 25, and is configured to open and close the supply port 24.
  • the fuel input shelf 26 is connected to the outside of the supply port 24, and the fuel placed on the fuel input shelf 26 is input into the combustion chamber 20 through the supply port 24 when the open / close door 23 is opened. It is comprised so that.
  • woody fuel is used, and any wood species, thin trees, etc. can be used as appropriate regardless of the wood species.
  • Biomass fuel may be used as the fuel 22.
  • an air supply pipe 50 communicates with the wall member 21, and air is supplied into the combustion chamber 20 through the air supply pipe 50.
  • a first smoke component supply pipe 51 communicates with the wall member 21 and the smoke component 60 in the combustion chamber 20 passes through the first smoke component supply pipe 51. Discharged.
  • the first smoke component supply pipe 51 communicates with the second smoke component supply pipe 53 via the supply fan device 52, and the second smoke component supply pipe 53 communicates with the drying chamber 30 as will be described later. is doing.
  • the supply fan device 52 is connected to an operation circuit (not shown), and is configured to control its operation and wind speed.
  • the air supply pipe 50, the first smoke component supply pipe 51, and the second smoke component supply pipe 53 are formed of stainless steel pipes.
  • the drying chamber 30 is a compartment for drying the woods 31a and 31b carried into the interior, and includes a first drying chamber 30a and a second drying chamber 30b that are separated from each other in this embodiment.
  • the first drying chamber 30a has a wider opening than the second drying chamber 30b and is suitable for accommodating a large amount of wood 31a such as a large log.
  • a first wood support member 32a is placed on the floor surface of the first drying chamber 30a.
  • the second drying chamber 30b is suitable for accommodating small logs and sawn wood 31b, and a second wood support member 32b is placed on the floor of the second drying chamber 30b. Yes.
  • a large number of the woods 31a and 31b are stacked and stored on the first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b at intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • the periphery of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b excluding the front surfaces is surrounded by a wall member 33.
  • the wall member 33 is composed of a composite material in which a heat insulating material is sandwiched between steel plates coated with a heat insulating material.
  • single-open doors 34a and 34b On the front surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, single-open doors 34a and 34b that can be manually opened and closed are provided, respectively.
  • the smoke component 60 from the combustion chamber 20 includes a first smoke component supply pipe 51, a supply fan device 52, a second smoke component supply pipe 53, a branch pipe 54, a first smoke component distribution pipe 55a, and a second smoke.
  • first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b Dispersed and supplied into the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b via the component distribution pipe 55b.
  • first smoke component discharge pipe 56a and the second smoke component discharge pipe 56b communicate with each other through the wall member 33.
  • the other ends of the first smoke component discharge pipe 56 a and the second smoke component discharge pipe 56 b communicate with the exhaust chimney 57.
  • the exhaust chimney 57 extends upward outside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b.
  • the smoke component 61 in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b is discharged to the outside through the first smoke component discharge pipe 56a, the second smoke component discharge pipe 56b, and the exhaust chimney 57. .
  • the wood 31a and 31b which are objects to be dried by the wood drying apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, may be of any kind and form as long as they are wood. That is, the period from cutting, the dry state, the size, etc. are not particularly restricted, and the tree species and its part are not limited. In particular, it is possible to use those of various tree species such as cedar and larch that are difficult to dry and tend to bend.
  • various timbers 31a having diameters and lengths such as logs after logging are made in the first drying chamber 30a, and the second drying chamber 30b is made of lumber to some extent from the logs, and has a width and length.
  • a uniform wood 31b such as a plate material is accommodated.
  • the first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b are made of a material having strength and heat resistance capable of supporting the weight of the woods 31a and 31b. That is, it is configured to have a shape and height with many gaps that do not hinder heat radiation to the woods 31a and 31b. For example, it is configured by assembling steel materials.
  • the first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b are provided with wheels at the lower portion so as to easily move the woods 31a and 31b, thereby forming a carriage.
  • the timbers 31a and 31b are placed on the first timber support member 32a and the second timber support member 32b, and are stacked up to a height that leaves a certain distance to the ceiling so that radiant heat from the ceiling is not obstructed.
  • a pier 35 serving as a spacer is sandwiched on the first wood support member 32a and arranged so that a certain amount of gap is generated between the wood 31a when stacked.
  • the wood 31b such as a plate material is arranged and placed on the second wood support member 32b with the intermediate support member 36 in the middle.
  • a fence 37 that amplifies the effect of drying by far-infrared rays on wood is provided on the inner walls on the sides of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b.
  • the fence 37 is a stainless steel mesh member having a mesh side of 3 to 5 cm, and is fixed so as to cover the inner walls on both sides of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Yes.
  • These fences 37 are configured to emit far infrared rays into the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, or are generated in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b.
  • the far-infrared rays are diffusely reflected so that the far-infrared rays can easily hit the woods 31a and 31b.
  • a core temperature sensor (not shown) is attached to the cores at the ends of some of the woods 31a and 31b.
  • the core portion of the wood is a central portion that is not the outer peripheral surface, and refers to a substantially central portion and its periphery when the wood is cut into rings.
  • the end portion is a portion that is separated from the one end face of the wood to the inner side by a half or more of the diameter.
  • a temperature sensor insertion port is bored from the outer peripheral surface of the wood toward the core portion of the end portion, and a core temperature sensor (not shown) is inserted.
  • the core temperature sensor is a temperature sensor having a temperature sensing portion at the tip portion, and is inserted from the outer peripheral surface of the wood toward the inside, and is arranged so that the temperature sensing portion is located at the core portion.
  • a temperature measuring device (not shown) is constituted by a core temperature sensor and an external circuit (not shown) connected to the core temperature sensor and measuring and recording temperature. It is desirable that the core temperature sensor is disposed at two locations of the core portions on both ends of each wood.
  • a plurality of indoor temperature sensors (not shown) for detecting the indoor temperature are provided inside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Since a temperature difference occurs due to convection between the upper and lower portions depending on the position in the drying chamber, a plurality of indoor temperature sensors are respectively provided at the vertical and horizontal positions on the wall surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Is provided. In this embodiment, two rows of indoor temperature sensors are provided above and below the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, and three rows are provided on the left and right.
  • FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5 a wood drying method using the wood drying apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5.
  • the wood 31a is placed on the first wood support member 32a and the wood 31b is placed on the second wood support member 32b outside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b.
  • the doors 34a and 34b of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b are opened, respectively, and the first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b are moved using the wheels,
  • the woods 31a and 32b are accommodated inside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, respectively.
  • the fuel 22 in the combustion chamber 20 is burned to generate a smoke component 60.
  • the air 40 b required for the combustion is supplied from the air supply pipe 50 through the air activation means 10.
  • external air 40a is taken in from the inlet 10a of the air activating means 10, and air 40b is discharged from the outlet 10b of the air activating means 10, and this air 40b. Is supplied into the combustion chamber 20 through the air supply pipe 50.
  • a flow path of air 40 c is generated in the air activation means 10.
  • the flow of the air 40c in the air activation means 10 will be described in more detail.
  • the external air 40a taken into the air activating means 10 from the suction port 10a flows into the activating member storage housing 11 through the vent hole 16, as shown in FIG.
  • the air 40 c that has flowed into the activating member storage housing 11 flows along the surface of the activating member 13 and the gap 41 between the activating member 13 and the inner wall of the activating member storage housing 11 and the activating member 13. It moves through the flow path formed by the mutual space 42.
  • the surface of the activation member 13 is inclined with respect to a straight line connecting the suction port 10a and the discharge port 10b of the air activation unit 10, that is, the activation member 13 is activated.
  • the air 40 c By being inclined with respect to the bottom surface portion 11 a and the top surface portion 11 b of the body 11, the air 40 c flows along the inclined surface while colliding with the activation member 13. Since the gap 41 is provided between the lower left end and the upper right end of the lowermost activation member 13 and the inner wall of the activation member housing 11, the air 40 c is close to the vent hole 17 through the gap 41. It moves in the space 42 above. Next, the air 40c moves in the space 42 along the surface of the activating member 13 while forming a flow path toward the lower left in the figure and a flow path toward the upper right in the figure and toward the gap 41, It moves into the upper space 42 through the gap 41. Similarly, the air 40c moves in a zigzag manner within the activation member housing 11 through the flow path shown in FIG. In this process, the air 40c contacts the activating member 13 for a long time.
  • the air 40c comes into contact with the electromagnetic wave or the charged particles emitted from the activated particles 13a by contacting the activated member 13.
  • the air 40c affected by these contacts with the activated particles 13a is referred to as activated air 40b.
  • the air 40c is irradiated with the radiation emitted by the radium element, and the ions released from the amphibole are taken into the air 40c, whereby the activated air 40b is obtained.
  • the activated air 40b is sent into the combustion chamber 20, and the fuel 22 in the combustion chamber 20 is combusted to generate a smoke component 60.
  • the smoke component 60 generated in this way is generated by the operation of the supply fan device 52, the first smoke component supply pipe 51, the supply fan device 52, the second smoke component supply pipe 53, the branch pipe 54 and the first smoke component. It is supplied into the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b through the distribution pipe 55a and the second smoke component distribution pipe 55b.
  • Supplied smoke component 60 flows to the floor side of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, and also flows to the ceiling side by convection. Therefore, the smoke component 60 uniformly strikes the inner surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b.
  • the smoke component 60 is deposited on the inner surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b and the surfaces of the woods 31a and 31b to form a carbon film.
  • the carbon film grows and increases in thickness as the smoke component 60 continues to be supplied. When the carbon film is heated, it emits far infrared rays or infrared rays to gently heat the woods 31a and 31b.
  • the woods 31a and 31b are also heated by heat conduction due to direct contact of the smoke component 60.
  • the carbon film Since the heat conduction from the smoke component 60 to the woods 31a and 31b is also transmitted to the carbon film formed on the wood surface, the carbon film is also heated by this heat conduction to emit far infrared rays or infrared rays. Thus, the presence of the carbon film prevents the smoke component 60 from directly hitting the surface of the wood, and only the surfaces of the woods 31a and 31b are not excessively heated to cause deterioration. Moreover, this carbon film has the same function as activated carbon, and adsorbs and removes unnecessary components generated from the woods 31a and 31b during drying.
  • Smoke components and excess smoke components used for drying the woods 31a and 31b and forming the carbon film are exhausted as smoke components 61 through the first smoke component discharge pipe 56a and the second smoke component discharge pipe 56b. It is discharged from the chimney 57 for the outside.
  • the temperature of the cores of the woods 31a and 31b is measured by a core temperature sensor, and the amount of fuel 22 is adjusted, the amount of exhaust gas is adjusted, the amount of oxygen inflow or pressure is adjusted by the pressure adjusting device, and the speed of the supply fan device 52 By performing adjustment or the like, it can be controlled to an optimum value.
  • the drying of the woods 31a and 31b is performed such that the core temperature is maintained at a value of 55 ° C or higher and lower than 95 ° C.
  • the core temperature is lower than 55 ° C.
  • the core of the wood is not sufficiently heated, the cell hole is not destroyed, and the entire core is not dried.
  • lignin and hemicellulose do not soften, internal stress remains in the wood, bending occurs, and sufficiently good quality cannot be obtained.
  • the temperature is 95 ° C. or higher, the cells in the core may be destroyed and deteriorated, and the surface temperature is further increased, so there is a high possibility of deterioration.
  • the core temperature is particularly preferably 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 90 ° C. as a range in which sufficient drying can be obtained, bending can be removed, and surface deterioration is small.
  • the smoke component 60 is supplied from the combustion chamber 20 to increase the temperature of the wood core to the above temperature, and then the temperature is maintained for a certain drying time. It is necessary to.
  • the core temperature of the wood is raised to 65 to 95 ° C. in 2 to 4 hours from the start of supply of the smoke component 60 to the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Can do. Thereafter, the core temperature is continuously maintained for a certain period of time of around 24 to 96 hours. In order to remove the bending of the wood, it is necessary to continuously dry for 30 hours or more.
  • the combustion in the combustion chamber 20 is stopped and exhausted to cool the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Specifically, the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b are left for about half a day to about one day until the temperature reaches about room temperature. Thereafter, the doors 34a and 34b are opened, and the first and second timber support members 32a and 32b are moved using the wheels thereof, thereby moving the timbers 31a and 32b into the first drying chamber 30a and the first drying chamber 30a, respectively. 2 is carried out from the drying chamber 30b and air-dried.
  • the core temperature can be raised in a short time.
  • a stable core temperature can be maintained during the drying.
  • the quality of the wood does not deteriorate even if the temperature of the combustion chamber 20, that is, the temperature of the smoke component 60 is increased. Therefore, by increasing the temperature of the combustion chamber 20, the drying time can be reduced. It can be further shortened.
  • the drying operation can be simplified. Furthermore, the drying can be performed under a predetermined condition without trial and error to determine the drying condition. As a result, it is possible to perform effective wood production with reduced production costs.
  • an electromagnetic wave emitted from the activation particles 13a has been introduced into the activation member housing case 11. It exerts a physical action on molecules and particles contained in the air 40c, burns using the air 40b obtained thereby, and drying the wood with the smoke component 60 obtained, thereby promoting the drying. It is thought that. Further, it is considered that charged particles emitted from the activated particles 13a, particularly so-called negative ions, increase in the air 40c, and the smoke component 60 obtained by using the air 40b promotes drying due to the influence of these particles. It is done.
  • the activated particles 13a adsorb substances that inhibit the drying contained in the air 40c, the smoke obtained by removing these substances from the air 40b fed into the combustion chamber 20 Component 60 is also free of such materials, and as a result, drying of the wood may be accelerated.
  • the wood dried using the wood drying method using the wood drying apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment has a VOC (volatile organic compound) emission rate standard (VOC from building materials) with a low content of chemical substances other than wood.
  • VOC volatile organic compound
  • This wood has cleared the standards of the Emission Standardization Study Group. Specifically, the wood after drying has cleared this standard because the amount of emission of volatile organic compounds such as aldehydes, sulfur oxides or nitrogen compounds has decreased.
  • these substances are removed from the inside of the wood together with moisture during the drying. For this reason, even if chemical substances contained in the atmosphere adhere to trees before cutting or wood before drying, they can be removed by drying using this wood drying method.
  • the activation member 13 in the present embodiment is formed by kneading the activated particles 13a in the binder 13b and forming it into a plate shape.
  • the content and arrangement of the activated particles 13a can be arbitrarily adjusted, and the activated particles 13a and the air 40c can be configured to efficiently contact each other. Therefore, it can be configured to generate electromagnetic waves and charged particles more efficiently than the conventional method in which lava or natural ore is arranged in a combustion chamber or the like and uses its radiation.
  • the surface of the activating member 13 may not be inclined with respect to a straight line connecting the suction port 10a and the discharge port 10b.
  • the surface of the activation member 13 may be substantially perpendicular to the straight line described above, or the surface of the activation member 13 may form a curved surface.
  • the main body 12 and the activation member storage housing 11 in the air activation means 10 may be formed of a material other than the above-described materials.
  • the activation member housing case 11 may be formed of a material in which the amphibole particles as described above are dispersed in ceramic. With this configuration of the activation member housing 11, the air 40c comes into contact with more amphibole particles.
  • a means for heating the carbon film may be separately provided as means for causing the carbon films in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b to radiate.
  • means for raising the temperature of the inner surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b and overheating the carbon film may be provided.
  • a first drying chamber 30a (3.2 m ⁇ 4.5 m ⁇ 4.5 m) and a second drying chamber 30a (3.2 m ⁇ 4.5 m ⁇ 4.5 m) whose inner surface is surrounded by walls, floors, and ceilings that are formed by sandwiching the heat insulating material between steel plates coated with a heat insulating material.
  • a drying chamber 30 b (2 m ⁇ 4.5 m ⁇ 3.5 m), a combustion chamber 20 (3 m ⁇ 2.3 m ⁇ 1.7 m), and an air activation means 10 provided in an air supply path to the combustion chamber 20.
  • a drying test was performed using a wood drying apparatus 1 equipped with
  • the activated particles 13a ore particles containing radium element, as well as Amaterite stone and Otohime stone particles, each having a diameter of 20 to 60 ⁇ m, are approximately 50% by weight with respect to the clay binder 13b.
  • the plate-like activation member 13 was obtained by kneading. Five such activation members 13 are housed and fixed in a 152 ⁇ 130 ⁇ 175 mm activation member storage housing 11 made of stainless steel, and the activation member storage housing 11 is placed in the main body 12.
  • the air activation means 10 was obtained by storing and fixing four.
  • Example 1 a larch round tree after cutting is placed in a first drying chamber 30a of the wood drying apparatus 1 and a pier 35 (60 mm ⁇ 60 mm square pipe) is stored while securing a gap to obtain a wood 31a.
  • the plate material obtained by sawing cedar was stored and stacked in the second drying chamber 30b to obtain a wood 31b.
  • Such woods 31a and 31b are combusted in the combustion chamber 20 with miscellaneous trees and thinned wood as fuel 22, and the resulting smoke component 60 is supplied to the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Drying started.
  • drying was similarly performed using a wood drying apparatus in which the air activation means 10 and the fence 37 were not provided.
  • the core temperature at various positions of the woods 31a and 31b in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b is measured using a core temperature sensor, the combustion chamber 20, and the first drying chamber 30a and
  • the room temperature at various positions in the second drying chamber 30b was measured using an indoor temperature sensor, and the amount of the fuel 22 in the combustion chamber 20 was adjusted so that the core temperature was maintained in the range of 55 to 95 ° C. .
  • the temperature measurement results (° C.) are shown in Table 1 for Example 1 and Table 2 for Comparative Example 1. However, in Tables 1 and 2, each column represents a temperature measurement position, and each row represents a temperature measurement time (hour: minute).
  • the wood 31a, “log under” is the wood 31a stored in the lower part of the first drying chamber 30a
  • “on the product” is the sawn wood 31b stored in the upper part of the second drying chamber 30b
  • “in product” is the first The sawn wood 31b stored in the middle part of the second drying chamber 30b
  • “product bottom” represent the sawn wood 31b stored in the lower part of the second drying chamber 30b.
  • wood right back is the wood stored in the back right when viewed from the front of the drying chamber
  • wood right front is the wood stored in the right front when viewed from the front of the drying chamber
  • wood left front Is the wood stored in front of the drying room as viewed from the front of the drying room
  • Right middle of wood is stored in the middle right of the drying room as viewed from the front of the drying room
  • “upper right middle of wood ” is viewed from the front of the drying room.
  • Wood stored in the upper right middle “wood left middle” is stored in the middle left when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “wood upper left” is stored in the upper left rear when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “Wood bottom right” is the wood stored in the bottom right when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “Wood top right” is the wood stored in the top right when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, and “Bottom left bottom” is the drying chamber.
  • the lower left rear when viewed from the front “Inside the middle right in the room” is in front of the middle right when viewed from the front of the drying room, and “In the upper right in the room” is the drying room
  • the upper right corner of the front when viewed from the front, "the indoor lower right front” represents each of the front of the lower right as viewed from the front of the drying chamber.
  • Example 1 of Table 2 when the temperature of the combustion chamber 20 is raised to 300 ° C. or higher, cracks may occur in the wood 31, so the temperature was kept below 300 ° C. On the other hand, in Example 1 of Table 1, since cracks did not occur in the woods 31a and 31b even when the temperature of the combustion chamber 20 was set to 300 ° C. or higher in a preliminary experiment, the temperature was set to 300 ° C. or higher in this test. Burned.
  • Example 1 of Table 1 the target core temperature reached around 60 ° C. in 3 to 4 hours from the start. After reaching the core temperature, the core temperature hardly changed and was kept stable. Thereafter, the core temperature was kept stable, the furnace was stopped on the fourth day, and after cooling for 10 hours, the woods 31a and 31b were carried out from the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. . On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 of Table 2, it took 6 to 7 hours from the start until the target core temperature reached around 90 ° C.
  • Example 1 of Table 1 when the ion density in air was measured about the inside of the activation member storage housing
  • Example 1 in Table 1 was uniformly dried to the core, and no thermal deterioration or cracking was observed on the surface or in the vicinity thereof. Further, the wood of Example 1 did not generate bending such as twisting and warping even when air-dried for about one month thereafter.
  • VOC emission rate test Example 2 Using the same wood drying apparatus as in the drying test, the VOC emission rate was measured by the small chamber method (JIS A1901: 2009) for the dried wood A, wood B, pine, cypress and cedar. As a result, the emission rate after 3 days ( ⁇ g / m 2 h) was less than 1 for wood A and wood B for toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Further, Karamatsu had a release rate after 1 day ( ⁇ g / m 2 h) of 5 for toluene, less than 2 for xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene.
  • the emission rate after 1 day ( ⁇ g / m 2 h) was 9 for toluene, and less than 1 for xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene.
  • Cedar had a release rate after 1 day ( ⁇ g / m 2 h) of 9 for toluene, 2 for xylene, and less than 1 for both ethylbenzene and styrene.
  • the VOC emission rate standard ( ⁇ g / m 2 h) from building materials is 38 for toluene, 120 for xylene, 550 for ethylbenzene, and 32 for styrene, and the VOC emission rate measurement result of this Example 2 is based on this standard. It can be seen that is completely cleared.
  • the present invention can solve both the use and processing problems of wood. It will be useful in all fields including construction and materials where wood is used, and it will be a technology that contributes to solving environmental problems by using both the usage and treatment aspects.
  • Air activation means 10a Intake port 10b Outlet port 11 Activation member storage housing

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Abstract

A wood drying apparatus is provided with: an air activation means that includes activation particles that contact air introduced from outside, the particles capable of releasing electromagnetic waves and charged particles; a combustion chamber for using the air provided via the air activation means to generate smoke components by burning a fuel, the chamber being connected to the air activation means; and a drying chamber connected to the combustion chamber and configured to dry wood stored therein with the smoke components generated by the combustion chamber.

Description

木材乾燥装置及び方法Wood drying apparatus and method
　本発明は、木材を乾燥させる乾燥装置及び方法に関する。特に、伐採後の丸太等の水分を含有する木材を燃料の燃焼によって発生した煙成分により加熱し乾燥させる木材乾燥装置及び方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a drying apparatus and method for drying wood. In particular, the present invention relates to a wood drying apparatus and method for heating and drying wood containing moisture such as logs after cutting with smoke components generated by combustion of fuel.
　木材は、一般に、素材として使用する場合、使用する前に充分に乾燥させて用いられる。その理由は、木材は、水分を含んだままでは強度が低いためである。さらに、木材は、伐採した直後から水分が乾燥するに従って物理的な諸特性が変化するので、水分を含んだ状態で素材として使用すると、使用中に諸特性が変化し問題となることもその理由である。しかしながら、木材を完全に乾燥させようとする場合、自然乾燥のみで乾燥を行うと、数年から数十年単位という多大な乾燥時間を要する。このため、加熱すること等により乾燥時間を短縮することが考えられるが、加熱を行うと木材の品質の劣化等が起こり易い。従って、乾燥時間を短縮し、かつその過程で木材の品質を劣化させない技術が従来から強く望まれていた。 木材 In general, when wood is used as a raw material, it is sufficiently dried before use. The reason is that wood is low in strength when it contains moisture. In addition, since the physical properties of wood change as moisture dries immediately after cutting, the properties of the wood may change during use if it is used as a material containing moisture. It is. However, when the wood is to be completely dried, if drying is performed only by natural drying, a long drying time of several years to several decades is required. For this reason, it is conceivable to shorten the drying time by heating or the like, but when heating is performed, the quality of the wood is likely to deteriorate. Accordingly, there has been a strong demand for a technique that shortens the drying time and does not deteriorate the quality of the wood in the process.
　本願発明者は、既に、乾燥室の内部に炭素膜を設け、この乾燥室への加熱により炭素膜から輻射熱を発生させて木材を加熱し、木材の芯部温度を維持することで乾燥させる木材乾燥方法及び装置を開示している（特許文献１参照）。この木材の乾燥方法は、乾燥室を加熱することで、炭素を備える炭素膜が加熱され、この炭素膜の略全面から炭素の輻射熱が発生して木材を効率良く均一に加熱することで、木材の表面と芯部とが均一に加熱され、芯部の温度条件を一定に維持することによって、木材の略全体に対して一定の乾燥状態を得ようとするものである。 The present inventor has already provided a carbon film inside the drying chamber, heated the drying chamber to generate radiant heat from the carbon film, heated the wood, and maintained by maintaining the core temperature of the wood. A drying method and apparatus are disclosed (see Patent Document 1). In this wood drying method, a carbon film provided with carbon is heated by heating the drying chamber, and radiant heat of carbon is generated from substantially the entire surface of the carbon film to efficiently and uniformly heat the wood. The surface and the core part of the wood are uniformly heated, and the temperature condition of the core part is kept constant, thereby obtaining a constant dry state for substantially the whole wood.
特開２０１１－２１８７１８号公報JP2011-218718A
　本願発明者は、特許文献１で提案した木材乾燥方法及び装置をさらに改良し、木材の劣化がより少ない状態で内部まで乾燥でき、しかも、より短時間で乾燥が可能な木材乾燥方法及び装置を見出すに至ったのである。 The inventor of the present application further improves the wood drying method and apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1, and provides a wood drying method and apparatus that can dry to the inside with less deterioration of the wood and that can be dried in a shorter time. It came to find out.
　従って本発明の目的は、木材をより劣化させることなく内部まで充分に乾燥できる木材乾燥装置及び方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wood drying apparatus and method capable of sufficiently drying the wood without further deterioration.
　本発明の他の目的は、より迅速な乾燥速度を得ることができる木材乾燥装置及び方法を提供することにある。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a wood drying apparatus and method capable of obtaining a faster drying rate.
　本発明によれば、木材乾燥装置は、外部から取り込んだ空気が接触して電磁波又は帯電粒子を放出可能な活性化粒子を含む空気活性化手段と、空気活性化手段に連結されておりこの空気活性化手段を介して供給された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼することによって煙成分を発生する燃焼室と、燃焼室に連結されておりこの燃焼室で発生した煙成分によって内部に収納された木材を乾燥させるように構成された乾燥室とを備えている。 According to the present invention, a wood drying apparatus is connected to an air activation means including activated particles capable of releasing electromagnetic waves or charged particles by contact with air taken from outside, and is connected to the air activation means. Combustion chamber that generates smoke components by burning fuel using air supplied through the activating means, and wood that is connected to the combustion chambers and stored inside by the smoke components generated in the combustion chambers And a drying chamber configured to dry.
　外部から取り込まれた空気が電磁波や荷電粒子を発生する活性化粒子と接触することによって、空気に含まれる分子や粒子に対して物理的作用が及ぼされ、活性化される。この活性化された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼させて煙成分を発生させ、発生した煙成分を燃焼室に供給し木材を乾燥させることにより、木材をより劣化なく内部まで充分に乾燥でき、かつ、より迅速な乾燥速度を得ることができる。 When the air taken in from the outside comes into contact with the activated particles that generate electromagnetic waves and charged particles, the molecules and particles contained in the air are physically acted on and activated. By burning the fuel using this activated air to generate a smoke component, supplying the generated smoke component to the combustion chamber and drying the wood, the wood can be sufficiently dried to the inside without further deterioration, and A faster drying rate can be obtained.
　活性化粒子は、ラジウムを含有する粒子、角閃石粒子、及び炭素及びケイ素を含有する粒子の少なくとも１つを含む粒子から選ばれることが好ましい。ラジウムを含有する粒子並びに炭素及びケイ素を含有する粒子は電磁波を放出することができる。角閃石粒子並びに炭素及びケイ素を含有する粒子は帯電粒子を放出することができる。これらの活性化粒子は比較的供給が容易である。 The activated particles are preferably selected from particles containing at least one of particles containing radium, amphibole particles, and particles containing carbon and silicon. Particles containing radium and particles containing carbon and silicon can emit electromagnetic waves. Amphibole particles and particles containing carbon and silicon can release charged particles. These activated particles are relatively easy to supply.
　活性化粒子は、セラミックに分散した平板形状の活性化部材として活性化手段に設けられていることも好ましい。活性化部材に対する活性化粒子の含有量を容易に調節でき、平板の大きさ、数又は配置によって空気との接触面積や時間を調節できるため、有効に空気と接触が行われる活性化部材を設計できる。 It is also preferable that the activation particles are provided in the activation means as a flat plate-shaped activation member dispersed in the ceramic. The content of activated particles with respect to the activation member can be easily adjusted, and the contact area and time with the air can be adjusted by the size, number or arrangement of the flat plates, so an activation member that effectively contacts the air is designed. it can.
　活性化粒子は、活性化部材に対する重量比が４０～８０重量％で活性化部材に含まれていることが好ましく、活性化部材に対する重量比が約５０重量％で活性化部材に含まれていることがより好ましい。活性化粒子の含有量がこの範囲内で、活性化部材の表面で空気に接触しやすく、活性化粒子が分散した活性化部材を成形しやすい。 The activated particles are preferably contained in the activated member at a weight ratio of 40 to 80% by weight with respect to the activated member, and are contained in the activated member at a weight ratio of about 50% by weight with respect to the activated member. It is more preferable. When the content of the activated particles is within this range, it is easy to come into contact with air on the surface of the activated member, and the activated member in which activated particles are dispersed is easily molded.
　活性化粒子は、径が１～１０００μｍであることが好ましく、径が２０～６０μｍであることがより好ましい。活性化粒子は充分な表面積が得られ、かつ活性化部材に分散させた場合に活性化部材の表面に現れている面積が大きいので、空気に接触しやすい。 The activated particles preferably have a diameter of 1 to 1000 μm, and more preferably 20 to 60 μm. The activated particles have a sufficient surface area, and when dispersed in the activated member, the activated particles have a large area appearing on the surface of the activated member, so that they are easily brought into contact with air.
　空気活性化手段は空気を吸入する吸入口と空気を排出する排出口とを有し、活性化部材は少なくとも１つの表面が吸入口と排出口とを結ぶ直線に対して非平行となるように空気活性化手段内に配置されており、空気活性化手段は非平行の少なくとも１つの表面に沿って空気を流通させる流路を備えていることも好ましい。空気は活性化粒子に接触しつつ、吸入口から排出口に向かう直線よりも長い距離の流路を移動する。このため、空気が活性化粒子に接触する時間が長くなる。 The air activating means has a suction port for sucking air and a discharge port for discharging air, and the activating member has at least one surface non-parallel to a straight line connecting the suction port and the discharge port. It is also preferred that the air activation means is disposed in the air activation means, and the air activation means comprises a flow path through which air flows along at least one non-parallel surface. The air moves along a flow path that is longer than a straight line from the inlet to the outlet while contacting the activated particles. For this reason, the time for the air to contact the activated particles is lengthened.
　本発明によれば、木材乾燥方法は、外部から取り込んだ空気を電磁波又は帯電粒子を放出可能な活性化粒子に接触させた後に燃焼室に供給し、燃焼室において供給された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼させることにより煙成分を発生させ、発生した煙成分を、木材を収納した乾燥室に供給して木材を乾燥させる。 According to the present invention, the wood drying method supplies air taken in from the outside to the combustion chamber after contacting the electromagnetic particles or activated particles capable of releasing charged particles, and uses the air supplied in the combustion chamber as a fuel. The smoke component is generated by burning the wood, and the generated smoke component is supplied to the drying chamber containing the wood to dry the wood.
　外部から取り込まれた空気が電磁波や荷電粒子を発生する活性化粒子と接触することによって、空気に含まれる分子や粒子に対して物理的作用が及ぼされ、活性化される。この活性化された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼させて煙成分を発生させ、発生した煙成分を燃焼室に供給し木材を乾燥させることにより、木材をより劣化なく内部まで充分に乾燥でき、かつ、より迅速な乾燥速度を得ることができる。 When the air taken in from the outside comes into contact with the activated particles that generate electromagnetic waves and charged particles, the molecules and particles contained in the air are physically acted on and activated. By burning the fuel using this activated air to generate a smoke component, supplying the generated smoke component to the combustion chamber and drying the wood, the wood can be sufficiently dried to the inside without further deterioration, and A faster drying rate can be obtained.
　本発明によれば、活性化粒子によって活性化された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼させて煙成分を発生させ、発生した煙成分を燃焼室に供給し木材を乾燥させることにより、木材をより劣化なく内部まで充分に乾燥でき、かつ、より迅速な乾燥速度を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, fuel is burned using air activated by activated particles to generate smoke components, and the generated smoke components are supplied to the combustion chamber to dry the wood, thereby further deteriorating the wood. The inside can be sufficiently dried, and a faster drying rate can be obtained.
本発明の一実施形態における木材乾燥装置の全体構成を概略的に示す一部破断正面図である。It is a partially broken front view which shows roughly the whole structure of the wood drying apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. 図１の木材乾燥装置の全体構成を概略的に示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows roughly the whole structure of the wood drying apparatus of FIG. 図１の木材乾燥装置の空気活性化手段を概略的に示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows roughly the air activation means of the wood drying apparatus of FIG. 図３の空気活性化手段における活性化部材を示す透過斜視図である。It is a permeation | transmission perspective view which shows the activation member in the air activation means of FIG. 図３の空気活性化手段における活性化部材を詳しく示す一部切欠側面図である。FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway side view showing in detail an activating member in the air activating means of FIG. 3.
　図１及び図２に示すように、本実施形態における木材乾燥装置１は、供給された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼し煙成分を発生する燃焼室２０と、燃焼室２０に第１及び第２の煙成分供給管５１及び５３を介して連結され、内部に木材３１ａ及び３１ｂを収納可能な乾燥室３０と、燃焼室２０に連結され外部から取り込んだ空気を供給する空気供給管５０とを備えている。木材乾燥装置１は、さらに、電磁波又は帯電粒子を放出可能な後述する活性化粒子を含む活性化部材を備えた空気活性化手段１０を備えている。この空気活性化手段１０は、空気供給管５０を介して燃焼室２０に連結されている。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the wood drying apparatus 1 in the present embodiment includes a combustion chamber 20 that burns fuel using supplied air to generate smoke components, and first and second in the combustion chamber 20. Are connected via the smoke component supply pipes 51 and 53, and include a drying chamber 30 in which the woods 31a and 31b can be housed, and an air supply pipe 50 connected to the combustion chamber 20 for supplying air taken in from the outside. ing. The wood drying apparatus 1 further includes an air activation means 10 including an activation member including activation particles described later that can emit electromagnetic waves or charged particles. This air activation means 10 is connected to the combustion chamber 20 via an air supply pipe 50.
　図３及び図４に示すように、空気活性化手段１０は、本体１２と、この本体１２内に設けられた少なくとも１つの活性化部材収納筐体１１とを備えている。本実施形態では、本体１２は金属筒から構成されている。本実施形態では、本体１２はステンレス製の角筒である。本体１２の下端には、円筒形状の吸入口部材１２ａが取り付けられている。吸入口部材１２ａは、内径が本体１２の角筒の一辺の長さより大きい円筒形状となっており、本体１２内に外部からの空気４０ａを吸引し易いように構成されている。本体１２の上端には、内径が本体１２の角筒の一辺の長さより大きい円筒形状の排出口部材１２ｂが取り付けられている。本体１２は、本実施形態では、２つの角筒をステンレス等の金属製のリブ部１２ｃで連結して構成されており、本体１２の外面には、後述する支持部材１４に本体１２を取り付けるためのステンレス等の金属製の取付けフレーム１２ｄ及び１２ｅが溶接によって固着されている。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the air activation means 10 includes a main body 12 and at least one activation member storage housing 11 provided in the main body 12. In this embodiment, the main body 12 is comprised from the metal cylinder. In the present embodiment, the main body 12 is a stainless steel square tube. A cylindrical suction port member 12 a is attached to the lower end of the main body 12. The suction port member 12 a has a cylindrical shape whose inner diameter is larger than the length of one side of the square tube of the main body 12, and is configured to easily suck the air 40 a from the outside into the main body 12. A cylindrical discharge port member 12 b having an inner diameter larger than the length of one side of the square tube of the main body 12 is attached to the upper end of the main body 12. In the present embodiment, the main body 12 is configured by connecting two square tubes with a rib portion 12c made of metal such as stainless steel, and the main body 12 is attached to a support member 14 described later on the outer surface of the main body 12. The mounting frames 12d and 12e made of metal such as stainless steel are fixed by welding.
　空気活性化手段１０は、外部から空気４０ａを吸入して取り込むための吸入口１０ａと、空気供給管５０に連結され、活性化した空気４０ｂを排出するための排出口１０ｂとを有している。本実施形態では、吸入口部材１２ａ及び排出口部材１２ｂを有する本体１２の下端及び上端がそれぞれ吸入口１０ａ及び排出口１０ｂに相当する。 The air activation means 10 has an inlet 10a for sucking and taking in air 40a from the outside, and an outlet 10b connected to the air supply pipe 50 and for discharging activated air 40b. . In the present embodiment, the lower end and the upper end of the main body 12 having the inlet member 12a and the outlet member 12b correspond to the inlet 10a and the outlet 10b, respectively.
　図４に示すように、本体１２内には活性化部材収納筐体１１が収容されており、本実施形態では、４つの活性化部材収納筐体１１が本体１２内に連続して連なる形態で収容されている。 As shown in FIG. 4, an activation member storage housing 11 is accommodated in the main body 12, and in this embodiment, the four activation member storage housings 11 are continuously connected to the main body 12. Contained.
　図４及び図５に示すように、活性化部材収納筐体１１は、本実施形態では、本体１２内に収納可能な直方体形状を有している。具体的には、活性化部材収納筐体１１は、その６面をステンレス板で囲むことにより構成されている。ただし、この活性化部材収納筐体１１の底面部１１ａ及び頂面部１１ｂには、多数の通気孔１６及び１７がそれぞれ設けられている。本実施形態では、底面部１１ａ及び頂面部１１ｂの略全面に均一に分布するように、８×８の計６４個の通気孔１６及び１７がそれぞれ穿たれている。通気孔１６及び１７の各々は、円形の開口であり、底面部１１ａ及び頂面部１１ｂを貫通している。活性化部材収納筐体１１には、後述する活性化部材１３を支持するための複数の支持部材１５が設けられている。支持部材１５は、活性化部材収納筐体１１の図において前面及び背面の内壁から突出する複数のピン部材である。これらピン部材の各々は、円柱形状のステンレス製ピンから構成されており、活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁に溶接によって固着されている。 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the activation member storage housing 11 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that can be stored in the main body 12 in this embodiment. Specifically, the activation member storage housing 11 is configured by surrounding its six surfaces with a stainless steel plate. However, a large number of air holes 16 and 17 are provided in the bottom surface portion 11a and the top surface portion 11b of the activation member housing case 11, respectively. In this embodiment, a total of 64 vent holes 16 and 17 of 8 × 8 are formed so as to be uniformly distributed over substantially the entire bottom surface 11a and top surface 11b. Each of the vent holes 16 and 17 is a circular opening and penetrates the bottom surface portion 11a and the top surface portion 11b. The activation member storage housing 11 is provided with a plurality of support members 15 for supporting an activation member 13 described later. The support member 15 is a plurality of pin members that protrude from the front and back inner walls in the drawing of the activation member storage housing 11. Each of these pin members is constituted by a cylindrical stainless steel pin, and is fixed to the inner wall of the activation member housing 11 by welding.
　活性化部材収納筐体１１には、複数の活性化部材１３が収容されている。本実施形態では、活性化部材１３は多数の活性化粒子１３ａを含有する板状の部材として構成されている。活性化部材１３はバインダ１３ｂに多数の活性化粒子１３ａが分散して形成されている。これら活性化粒子１３ａは、その一部が活性化部材１３の表面に露出するように構成されている。本実施形態では、活性化粒子１３ａはバインダ１３ｂ内に均一に分散されることで、その一部が活性化部材１３の表面に露出している。 A plurality of activation members 13 are accommodated in the activation member storage casing 11. In the present embodiment, the activation member 13 is configured as a plate-like member containing a large number of activation particles 13a. The activation member 13 is formed by dispersing a large number of activation particles 13a in a binder 13b. These activated particles 13 a are configured such that a part thereof is exposed on the surface of the activation member 13. In the present embodiment, the activated particles 13 a are uniformly dispersed in the binder 13 b, and a part thereof is exposed on the surface of the activating member 13.
　活性化粒子１３ａは、電磁波又は帯電粒子を放出可能な粒子である。電磁波を放出可能な粒子とは、例えば放射性物質若しくは遠赤外線等を放出する物質を含む粒子である。これらの物質の一例として、放射性物質であるラジウム元素を含む鉱石等がある。ラジウム元素を含む鉱石には、ラジウム元素が放射線を放出した産物であるラドン元素が含まれていることがある。電磁波を放出可能な粒子には、他に、遠赤外線を放出しやすい炭素を含んだ鉱石の粒子などがある。炭素を含んだ鉱石の粒子としては、さらに具体的には、ケイ素と炭素を含有するブラックシリカの粒子がある。 The activated particles 13a are particles that can emit electromagnetic waves or charged particles. The particles that can emit electromagnetic waves are, for example, particles containing radioactive substances or substances that emit far infrared rays. As an example of these substances, there is an ore containing a radioactive radium element. Ore containing a radium element may contain a radon element that is a product of radiation of the radium element. Other particles capable of emitting electromagnetic waves include ore particles containing carbon that easily emits far-infrared rays. More specifically, the ore particles containing carbon include black silica particles containing silicon and carbon.
　帯電粒子を放出可能な粒子とは、帯電した元素（例えばイオン）や、帯電した微粒子を放出可能な粒子である。イオンを放出可能な粒子には、例えば一般にマイナスイオンを発生するといわれる物質等を含む粒子が挙げられる。こうした粒子としては角閃石の粒子やトルマリンの粒子が挙げられる。 The particles capable of releasing charged particles are particles capable of releasing charged elements (for example, ions) and charged fine particles. Examples of the particles capable of releasing ions include particles containing a substance that is generally said to generate negative ions. Such particles include amphibole particles and tourmaline particles.
　本実施形態では、活性化粒子１３ａとして、電磁波を発生する粒子である放射性物質のラジウム元素を含む鉱石の粒子を用いている。活性化粒子１３ａとしては、このラジウム元素を含む鉱石の粒子に角閃石である天照石及び乙姫石の粒子を混合して用いている。 In the present embodiment, as the activated particles 13a, ore particles containing a radioactive radium element that is a particle that generates electromagnetic waves are used. As the activated particles 13a, ore particles containing a radium element are mixed with particles of amphibole and otohime stones.
　活性化粒子１３ａとしては、径が１０００μｍ未満のものを用いるのが望ましい。径が大きすぎると表面積が小さくなり、空気４０と接触しにくくなる。径が小さすぎると活性化部材１３の表面に露出しにくくなり、空気４０と接触しにくくなる。本実施形態では２０～６０μｍのものを使用している。活性化部材１３の活性化粒子１３ａの含有量は４０～８０重量％が望ましい。活性化粒子１３ａの量がバインダ１３ｂに対して少なすぎると、空気４０と接触することによる効果が充分に得られない。バインダ１３ｂに対して多すぎると活性化部材１３を成形することができない。活性化粒子１３ａを４０～５５重量％とし、バインダの割合を大きくすると活性化部材１３の強度が上がり扱いやすくなりコストが削減できる。また、活性化粒子１３ａを６０～８０重量％とすると、活性化粒子１３ａの空気４０への接触面積が大きくなる。 It is desirable to use particles having a diameter of less than 1000 μm as the activated particles 13a. If the diameter is too large, the surface area becomes small and it becomes difficult to come into contact with the air 40. If the diameter is too small, it is difficult to be exposed on the surface of the activating member 13, and it is difficult to contact the air 40. In the present embodiment, those having a thickness of 20 to 60 μm are used. The content of the activated particles 13a in the activation member 13 is preferably 40 to 80% by weight. If the amount of the activated particles 13a is too small with respect to the binder 13b, the effect due to contact with the air 40 cannot be sufficiently obtained. If the amount is too large relative to the binder 13b, the activation member 13 cannot be molded. When the activation particles 13a are 40 to 55% by weight and the proportion of the binder is increased, the strength of the activation member 13 is increased and the handling becomes easy, and the cost can be reduced. If the activated particles 13a are 60 to 80% by weight, the contact area of the activated particles 13a with the air 40 increases.
　バインダ１３ｂは活性化粒子１３ａと混練されて活性化部材１３の成形を行いやすいように加えられる。バインダ１３ｂは、活性化粒子１３ａと混練しやすいものであれば任意の材料であっても良いが、例えばセラミック材料又は樹脂材料である。セラミックとしては、粘土やその他の焼結体が使用できる。本実施形態では、バインダ１３ｂは粘土である。 The binder 13b is kneaded with the activated particles 13a and added so that the activated member 13 can be easily molded. The binder 13b may be any material as long as it can be easily kneaded with the activated particles 13a. For example, the binder 13b is a ceramic material or a resin material. As the ceramic, clay and other sintered bodies can be used. In the present embodiment, the binder 13b is clay.
　本実施形態では、活性化部材収納筐体１１内に複数の活性化部材１３が収納されている。これら活性化部材１３は、図４及び図５において前面及び背面の内壁から突出する複数のピン部材である支持部材１５に架け渡されて配置されている。この場合、活性化部材１３は、正面及び背面の支持部材１５のうち、高さ位置の異なる支持部材１５間に架け渡されており、これにより活性化部材１３は、図示のように左右に傾斜して配置されている。即ち、図において、左側が低い位置の支持部材１５に、右側が高い位置の支持部材１５にそれぞれ係合している。ただし、左上側及び右下側の活性化部材１３Ｂは、架け渡す長さが短くなるため、その他の活性化部材１３Ａに比べて、長さが短くなっている。なお、活性化部材１３の左右の端と、活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁との間には、煙の通過する隙間４１が何らかの形態で形成されている。例えば、図５において、最も下方及び最も上方の活性化部材１３についてはそれらの左下端及び右上端と活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁との間に隙間４１を設け、最も下方より一つ上の活性化部材１３については左下端を活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁に当接させると共に、右上端と活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁との間に隙間４１を設け、その上の活性化部材１３の右上端を活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁に当接させると共に、左下端と活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁との間に隙間４１を設け、以下同様に構成することにより、ジグザグ状の空気流路を形成している。 In the present embodiment, a plurality of activation members 13 are accommodated in the activation member accommodation housing 11. 4 and 5, these activation members 13 are arranged so as to be bridged around a support member 15 which is a plurality of pin members protruding from the inner walls on the front and rear surfaces. In this case, the activating member 13 is spanned between the supporting members 15 at different height positions among the supporting members 15 on the front and back surfaces, so that the activating member 13 is inclined to the left and right as shown in the figure. Are arranged. That is, in the drawing, the left side is engaged with the support member 15 at the lower position, and the right side is engaged with the support member 15 at the higher position. However, the upper left and lower right activation members 13B are shorter in length than the other activation members 13A because the span is shortened. Note that a gap 41 through which smoke passes is formed in some form between the left and right ends of the activation member 13 and the inner wall of the activation member housing 11. For example, in FIG. 5, the lowermost and uppermost activation members 13 are provided with gaps 41 between their lower left and upper right ends and the inner wall of the activation member storage housing 11, and are one above the lowermost. For the activation member 13, the lower left end is brought into contact with the inner wall of the activation member storage housing 11, and a gap 41 is provided between the upper right end and the inner wall of the activation member storage housing 11, The upper right end of the activating member 13 is brought into contact with the inner wall of the activating member storage housing 11, and a gap 41 is provided between the lower left end and the inner wall of the activating member storage housing 11. A zigzag air flow path is formed.
　活性化部材１３の表面が空気活性化手段１０の吸入口１０ａ及び排出口１０ｂを結ぶ直線に対して傾斜していることにより、より具体的には、図５に示すように、活性化部材１３が活性化部材収納筐体１１の底面部１１ａ及び頂面部１１ｂに対して傾斜して配置されていることにより、空気４０ｃが傾斜した表面に沿って流通する流路が形成される。即ち、空気４０ｃは底面部１１ａの通気孔１６を介して活性化部材収納筐体１１の内部に供給され、活性化部材１３の表面に沿って流れ、隙間４１を通って次の活性化部材１３の表面に沿って流れ、以下同様にジグザグに流れた後、頂面部１１ｂの通気孔１７を介してこの活性化部材収納筐体１１の外部へ放出されるように流路が形成されている。 More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the surface of the activation member 13 is inclined with respect to a straight line connecting the suction port 10a and the discharge port 10b of the air activation unit 10. Is disposed to be inclined with respect to the bottom surface portion 11a and the top surface portion 11b of the activation member storage housing 11, thereby forming a flow path through which the air 40c flows along the inclined surface. That is, the air 40 c is supplied into the activation member housing 11 through the air holes 16 of the bottom surface portion 11 a, flows along the surface of the activation member 13, passes through the gap 41, and then enters the next activation member 13. A flow path is formed so as to be discharged along the surface of the activating member storage casing 11 and then to the outside of the activating member housing 11 through the vent hole 17 of the top surface portion 11b.
　図１及び図２に示す支持部材１４は金属製の枠材から構成されており、空気活性化手段１０はこの支持部材１４に取付けフレーム１２ｄ及び１２ｅを溶接することによって固着されている。 The support member 14 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is made of a metal frame member, and the air activation means 10 is fixed to the support member 14 by welding attachment frames 12d and 12e.
　燃焼室２０は、燃料２２を燃焼させ、乾燥室３０内の木材３１ａ及び３１ｂを乾燥させるための煙成分を生成するための燃焼炉である。本実施形態において、燃焼室２０は、壁部材２１によって囲まれている。壁部材２１は、断熱材を塗布した鋼板によって断熱材を挟み込んだ複合的な構成素材によって構成される。断熱材は適宜選択できるが、本実施形態では耐火セラミックを使用している。この壁部材２１の前面（図１において）に設けられ、開閉扉２３によって開閉可能な供給口２４を介して内部に燃料２２が送り込まれ、燃焼が行われる。開閉扉２３はウィンチ機構２５によって上下に駆動可能となっており、供給口２４の開閉を行うように構成されている。燃料投入棚２６は供給口２４の外側に連結されており、開閉扉２３が開いた際にこの燃料投入棚２６上に載置された燃料が供給口２４を介して燃焼室２０内に投入されるように構成されている。燃料２２は、木質の燃料を使用するが、木質について特に樹種は問わず、雑木及び間伐材等を適宜利用できる。燃料２２として、バイオマス燃料を用いても良い。 The combustion chamber 20 is a combustion furnace for generating a smoke component for burning the fuel 22 and drying the woods 31a and 31b in the drying chamber 30. In the present embodiment, the combustion chamber 20 is surrounded by a wall member 21. The wall member 21 is composed of a composite constituent material in which a heat insulating material is sandwiched between steel plates coated with a heat insulating material. Although a heat insulating material can be selected suitably, in this embodiment, a refractory ceramic is used. Fuel 22 is fed into the interior of the wall member 21 through a supply port 24 that is provided on the front surface (in FIG. 1) and can be opened and closed by an opening / closing door 23, and combustion is performed. The open / close door 23 can be driven up and down by a winch mechanism 25, and is configured to open and close the supply port 24. The fuel input shelf 26 is connected to the outside of the supply port 24, and the fuel placed on the fuel input shelf 26 is input into the combustion chamber 20 through the supply port 24 when the open / close door 23 is opened. It is comprised so that. As the fuel 22, woody fuel is used, and any wood species, thin trees, etc. can be used as appropriate regardless of the wood species. Biomass fuel may be used as the fuel 22.
　燃焼室２０の下方には、壁部材２１を貫通して空気供給管５０が連通しており、この空気供給管５０を介して燃焼室２０内に空気が供給される。燃焼室２０の上方には、壁部材２１を貫通して第１の煙成分供給管５１が連通しており、この第１の煙成分供給管５１を介して燃焼室２０内の煙成分６０が排出される。第１の煙成分供給管５１は供給ファン装置５２を介して第２の煙成分供給管５３に連通しており、この第２の煙成分供給管５３は、後述するように乾燥室３０に連通している。供給ファン装置５２は、図示しない操作回路に接続されており、その作動や風速を制御できるように構成されている。なお、空気供給管５０、第１の煙成分供給管５１及び第２の煙成分供給管５３はステンレス製のパイプで形成されている。 Below the combustion chamber 20, an air supply pipe 50 communicates with the wall member 21, and air is supplied into the combustion chamber 20 through the air supply pipe 50. Above the combustion chamber 20, a first smoke component supply pipe 51 communicates with the wall member 21 and the smoke component 60 in the combustion chamber 20 passes through the first smoke component supply pipe 51. Discharged. The first smoke component supply pipe 51 communicates with the second smoke component supply pipe 53 via the supply fan device 52, and the second smoke component supply pipe 53 communicates with the drying chamber 30 as will be described later. is doing. The supply fan device 52 is connected to an operation circuit (not shown), and is configured to control its operation and wind speed. The air supply pipe 50, the first smoke component supply pipe 51, and the second smoke component supply pipe 53 are formed of stainless steel pipes.
　乾燥室３０は、内部に搬入された木材３１ａ及び３１ｂを乾燥させるための区画であり、本実施形態では互いに隔離された第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂを備えている。第１の乾燥室３０ａは第２の乾燥室３０ｂより間口が広く構成されており、大型の丸太等の木材３１ａを大量に収容するのに適している。この第１の乾燥室３０ａの床面上には、第１の木材支持部材３２ａが戴置されている。第２の乾燥室３０ｂは小型の丸太や製材された木材３１ｂを収容するのに適しており、この第２の乾燥室３０ｂの床面上には第２の木材支持部材３２ｂが戴置されている。木材３１ａ及び３１ｂは、第１の木材支持部材３２ａ及び第２の木材支持部材３２ｂ上に上下左右に間隔を設けて積み上げられ多数収納されている。これら第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの前面を除く周囲は、壁部材３３によって囲まれている。壁部材３３は断熱材を塗布した鋼板によって断熱材を挟み込んだ複合的な構成素材によって構成される。第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの前面には、手動によって開閉可能な片開き式の扉３４ａ及び３４ｂがそれぞれ設けられている。 The drying chamber 30 is a compartment for drying the woods 31a and 31b carried into the interior, and includes a first drying chamber 30a and a second drying chamber 30b that are separated from each other in this embodiment. The first drying chamber 30a has a wider opening than the second drying chamber 30b and is suitable for accommodating a large amount of wood 31a such as a large log. A first wood support member 32a is placed on the floor surface of the first drying chamber 30a. The second drying chamber 30b is suitable for accommodating small logs and sawn wood 31b, and a second wood support member 32b is placed on the floor of the second drying chamber 30b. Yes. A large number of the woods 31a and 31b are stacked and stored on the first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b at intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. The periphery of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b excluding the front surfaces is surrounded by a wall member 33. The wall member 33 is composed of a composite material in which a heat insulating material is sandwiched between steel plates coated with a heat insulating material. On the front surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, single- open doors 34a and 34b that can be manually opened and closed are provided, respectively.
　図２に示すように、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの下方には、壁部材３３を貫通して内部に導かれた複数の第１の煙成分分配管５５ａ及び複数の第２の煙成分分配管５５ｂがそれぞれ配設されている。これら第１の煙成分分配管５５ａ及び第２の煙成分分配管５５ｂ一端は、乾燥室の外部において分岐管５４に連通しており、この分岐管５４には、第２の煙成分供給管５３の一端に連通している。燃焼室２０からの煙成分６０は、第１の煙成分供給管５１、供給ファン装置５２、第２の煙成分供給管５３、分岐管５４並びに第１の煙成分分配管５５ａ及び第２の煙成分分配管５５ｂを介して第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内に分散供給される。第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの側面後方には、壁部材３３を貫通して第１の煙成分排出管５６ａ及び第２の煙成分排出管５６ｂの一端がそれぞれ連通しており、これら第１の煙成分排出管５６ａ及び第２の煙成分排出管５６ｂの他端は排気用煙突５７に連通している。排気用煙突５７は、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの外部において上方に延びている。第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内の煙成分６１は、第１の煙成分排出管５６ａ及び第２の煙成分排出管５６ｂ並びに排気用煙突５７を介して外部に排出される。 As shown in FIG. 2, below the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, there are a plurality of first smoke component distribution pipes 55a and a plurality of pipes that are led into the interior through the wall member 33. Second smoke component distribution pipes 55b are respectively provided. One ends of the first smoke component distribution pipe 55a and the second smoke component distribution pipe 55b communicate with the branch pipe 54 outside the drying chamber, and the second smoke component supply pipe 53 is connected to the branch pipe 54. It communicates with one end. The smoke component 60 from the combustion chamber 20 includes a first smoke component supply pipe 51, a supply fan device 52, a second smoke component supply pipe 53, a branch pipe 54, a first smoke component distribution pipe 55a, and a second smoke. Dispersed and supplied into the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b via the component distribution pipe 55b. At the rear of the side surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, one end of the first smoke component discharge pipe 56a and the second smoke component discharge pipe 56b communicate with each other through the wall member 33. The other ends of the first smoke component discharge pipe 56 a and the second smoke component discharge pipe 56 b communicate with the exhaust chimney 57. The exhaust chimney 57 extends upward outside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. The smoke component 61 in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b is discharged to the outside through the first smoke component discharge pipe 56a, the second smoke component discharge pipe 56b, and the exhaust chimney 57. .
　本実施形態の木材乾燥装置１で乾燥を行う対象である木材３１ａ及び３１ｂは、木材であればその種類及び形態は問わない。即ち、伐採からの期間、乾燥状態、大きさなどは特に規制されず、樹木種及びその部位も問わない。特に、スギ、カラマツなどの、乾燥しにくく、曲がりが生じやすい種類を含めてあらゆる樹木種の各部位のものも利用できる。本実施形態では、第１の乾燥室３０ａには伐採後の丸太等の径及び長さの様々な木材３１ａが、第２の乾燥室３０ｂには丸太からある程度製材を行い、幅や長さの揃った例えば板材等の木材３１ｂが収容されている。 The wood 31a and 31b, which are objects to be dried by the wood drying apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, may be of any kind and form as long as they are wood. That is, the period from cutting, the dry state, the size, etc. are not particularly restricted, and the tree species and its part are not limited. In particular, it is possible to use those of various tree species such as cedar and larch that are difficult to dry and tend to bend. In the present embodiment, various timbers 31a having diameters and lengths such as logs after logging are made in the first drying chamber 30a, and the second drying chamber 30b is made of lumber to some extent from the logs, and has a width and length. A uniform wood 31b such as a plate material is accommodated.
　第１の木材支持部材３２ａ及び第２の木材支持部材３２ｂは、木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの重量を支えられる強度と耐熱性を持つ材料で構成されている。即ち、木材３１ａ及び３１ｂへの熱の輻射を阻害しない隙間の多い形状と高さとを有するように構成されており、例えば鋼材を組んで構成されている。本実施形態においてこれら第１の木材支持部材３２ａ及び第２の木材支持部材３２ｂは、木材３１ａ及び３１ｂを移動させやすいように、下部に車輪が設けられ、台車となっている。 The first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b are made of a material having strength and heat resistance capable of supporting the weight of the woods 31a and 31b. That is, it is configured to have a shape and height with many gaps that do not hinder heat radiation to the woods 31a and 31b. For example, it is configured by assembling steel materials. In the present embodiment, the first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b are provided with wheels at the lower portion so as to easily move the woods 31a and 31b, thereby forming a carriage.
　木材３１ａ及び３１ｂは、これら第１の木材支持部材３２ａ及び第２の木材支持部材３２ｂ上に戴置し、天井からの輻射熱が阻害されないように天井まである程度の距離を残した高さまで積み上げられる。第１の乾燥室３０ａでは、第１の木材支持部材３２ａ上にスペーサとなる桟木３５を挟んで、積み上げた際に木材３１ａ相互にある程度の隙間が生じるように配列して戴置している。第２の乾燥室３０ｂでは、第２の木材支持部材３２ｂ上に途中に中間支持部材３６を挟んで、板材等の木材３１ｂを配列して戴置している。 The timbers 31a and 31b are placed on the first timber support member 32a and the second timber support member 32b, and are stacked up to a height that leaves a certain distance to the ceiling so that radiant heat from the ceiling is not obstructed. In the first drying chamber 30a, a pier 35 serving as a spacer is sandwiched on the first wood support member 32a and arranged so that a certain amount of gap is generated between the wood 31a when stacked. In the second drying chamber 30b, the wood 31b such as a plate material is arranged and placed on the second wood support member 32b with the intermediate support member 36 in the middle.
　第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの側方の内壁には、木材に対する遠赤外線による乾燥の効果を増幅するフェンス３７が設けられている。フェンス３７は、網目の一辺が３～５ｃｍであるステンレス製の網状（メッシュ状）部材であり、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの両側方の内壁を覆うように固定されている。これらフェンス３７は、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内に遠赤外線を放出するように構成されているか、又は第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内に生じている遠赤外線を乱反射することで木材３１ａ及び３１ｂに遠赤外線が当たりやすくなるように構成されている。 A fence 37 that amplifies the effect of drying by far-infrared rays on wood is provided on the inner walls on the sides of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. The fence 37 is a stainless steel mesh member having a mesh side of 3 to 5 cm, and is fixed so as to cover the inner walls on both sides of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Yes. These fences 37 are configured to emit far infrared rays into the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, or are generated in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. The far-infrared rays are diffusely reflected so that the far-infrared rays can easily hit the woods 31a and 31b.
　一部の木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの端部の芯部には、図示しない芯部温度センサが取り付けられている。木材の芯部とは、外周表面ではない中心部であり、木材を輪切りにした際の略中心部及びその周辺を指す。端部とは、木材の一端面から内部側に径の半分以上離れた部分である。木材の外周表面から、この端部の芯部に向けて温度センサ挿入口が穿たれ、芯部温度センサ（図示なし）が差し込まれている。芯部温度センサは先端部分に温度感知部を有する温度センサであり、木材の外周表面から内部に向けて差し込まれ、温度感知部が芯部に位置するように配置される。本実施形態では、芯部温度センサと、この芯部温度センサに接続され温度を測定及び記録する外部回路（図示なし）とから温度測定装置（図示なし）が構成される。芯部温度センサは、各木材について両端部の芯部２箇所に配置されていることが望ましい。 A core temperature sensor (not shown) is attached to the cores at the ends of some of the woods 31a and 31b. The core portion of the wood is a central portion that is not the outer peripheral surface, and refers to a substantially central portion and its periphery when the wood is cut into rings. The end portion is a portion that is separated from the one end face of the wood to the inner side by a half or more of the diameter. A temperature sensor insertion port is bored from the outer peripheral surface of the wood toward the core portion of the end portion, and a core temperature sensor (not shown) is inserted. The core temperature sensor is a temperature sensor having a temperature sensing portion at the tip portion, and is inserted from the outer peripheral surface of the wood toward the inside, and is arranged so that the temperature sensing portion is located at the core portion. In the present embodiment, a temperature measuring device (not shown) is constituted by a core temperature sensor and an external circuit (not shown) connected to the core temperature sensor and measuring and recording temperature. It is desirable that the core temperature sensor is disposed at two locations of the core portions on both ends of each wood.
　第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの内部には、室内温度を検出するための複数の室内温度センサ（図示なし）が設けられている。乾燥室内の位置によって、特に上部と下部とでは対流により温度差が発生するので、室内温度センサは、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの壁面における上下位置や左右位置にそれぞれ複数設けられている。本実施形態では、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの上下に２列、左右に３列の室内温度センサが設けられている。 A plurality of indoor temperature sensors (not shown) for detecting the indoor temperature are provided inside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Since a temperature difference occurs due to convection between the upper and lower portions depending on the position in the drying chamber, a plurality of indoor temperature sensors are respectively provided at the vertical and horizontal positions on the wall surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Is provided. In this embodiment, two rows of indoor temperature sensors are provided above and below the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, and three rows are provided on the left and right.
　次に、本実施形態における木材乾燥装置１を用いた木材乾燥方法について、図１、図２、図４及び図５を用いて説明する。まず、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの外部において、木材３１ａを第１の木材支持部材３２ａ上に、木材３１ｂを第２の木材支持部材３２ｂ上に載置する。次いで、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの扉３４ａ及び３４ｂをそれぞれ開けて、第１の木材支持部材３２ａ及び第２の木材支持部材３２ｂをその車輪を利用して移動させ、木材３１ａ及び３２ｂをそれぞれ第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内部に収容する。 Next, a wood drying method using the wood drying apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5. First, the wood 31a is placed on the first wood support member 32a and the wood 31b is placed on the second wood support member 32b outside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Next, the doors 34a and 34b of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b are opened, respectively, and the first wood support member 32a and the second wood support member 32b are moved using the wheels, The woods 31a and 32b are accommodated inside the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, respectively.
　次いで、燃焼室２０内の燃料２２を燃焼させ、煙成分６０を発生させる。このとき、燃焼室２０内の燃料２２の燃焼と共に、その燃焼に必要とされる空気４０ｂは、空気活性化手段１０を通じて空気供給管５０から供給される。具体的には、図１に示すように、空気活性化手段１０の吸入口１０ａから外部の空気４０ａが取り込まれ、空気活性化手段１０の排出口１０ｂから空気４０ｂが排出されて、この空気４０ｂが空気供給管５０を介して燃焼室２０内に供給される。このとき、図５に示すように、空気活性化手段１０内には空気４０ｃの流路が発生する。 Next, the fuel 22 in the combustion chamber 20 is burned to generate a smoke component 60. At this time, along with the combustion of the fuel 22 in the combustion chamber 20, the air 40 b required for the combustion is supplied from the air supply pipe 50 through the air activation means 10. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, external air 40a is taken in from the inlet 10a of the air activating means 10, and air 40b is discharged from the outlet 10b of the air activating means 10, and this air 40b. Is supplied into the combustion chamber 20 through the air supply pipe 50. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, a flow path of air 40 c is generated in the air activation means 10.
　空気活性化手段１０内の空気４０ｃの流れについてさらに詳細に説明する。吸入口１０ａから空気活性化手段１０内に取り込まれる外部の空気４０ａは、図５に示すように、通気孔１６を介して活性化部材収納筐体１１内に流入する。活性化部材収納筐体１１内に流入した空気４０ｃは、活性化部材１３の表面に沿って、活性化部材１３と活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁との間の隙間４１及び活性化部材１３相互の空間４２からなる流路を通って移動する。具体的には、活性化部材１３の表面が空気活性化手段１０の吸入口１０ａ及び排出口１０ｂを結ぶ直線に対して傾斜していることにより、即ち、活性化部材１３が活性化部材収納筐体１１の底面部１１ａ及び頂面部１１ｂに対して傾斜して配置されていることにより、空気４０ｃは活性化部材１３に衝突しつつその傾斜した表面に沿って流れる。最も下方の活性化部材１３における左下端及び右上端と活性化部材収納筐体１１の内壁との間に隙間４１が設けられているため、空気４０ｃは、この隙間４１を通じて通気孔１７に近い図の上方の空間４２内に移動する。次いで、空気４０ｃは、活性化部材１３の表面に沿って空間４２内を図の左下に向かう流路と、そのまま図の右上に向かい、隙間４１に向かう流路とを形成して移動し、次の隙間４１を通じて上方の空間４２内に移動する。以下同様にして、空気４０ｃは図５に示した流路を通って、活性化部材収納筐体１１内をジグザグに移動する。この過程で、空気４０ｃは活性化部材１３と長時間接触する。 The flow of the air 40c in the air activation means 10 will be described in more detail. The external air 40a taken into the air activating means 10 from the suction port 10a flows into the activating member storage housing 11 through the vent hole 16, as shown in FIG. The air 40 c that has flowed into the activating member storage housing 11 flows along the surface of the activating member 13 and the gap 41 between the activating member 13 and the inner wall of the activating member storage housing 11 and the activating member 13. It moves through the flow path formed by the mutual space 42. Specifically, the surface of the activation member 13 is inclined with respect to a straight line connecting the suction port 10a and the discharge port 10b of the air activation unit 10, that is, the activation member 13 is activated. By being inclined with respect to the bottom surface portion 11 a and the top surface portion 11 b of the body 11, the air 40 c flows along the inclined surface while colliding with the activation member 13. Since the gap 41 is provided between the lower left end and the upper right end of the lowermost activation member 13 and the inner wall of the activation member housing 11, the air 40 c is close to the vent hole 17 through the gap 41. It moves in the space 42 above. Next, the air 40c moves in the space 42 along the surface of the activating member 13 while forming a flow path toward the lower left in the figure and a flow path toward the upper right in the figure and toward the gap 41, It moves into the upper space 42 through the gap 41. Similarly, the air 40c moves in a zigzag manner within the activation member housing 11 through the flow path shown in FIG. In this process, the air 40c contacts the activating member 13 for a long time.
　空気４０ｃは、活性化部材１３と接触することで、活性化粒子１３ａの放出する電磁波又は帯電粒子と接触する。活性化粒子１３ａとのこれらの接触により影響を受けた空気４０ｃを、以下、活性化された空気４０ｂとする。本実施形態では、空気４０ｃにラジウム元素の放出する放射線が照射される、角閃石の放出するイオンが空気４０ｃに取り込まれることにより、活性化された空気４０ｂとなる。 The air 40c comes into contact with the electromagnetic wave or the charged particles emitted from the activated particles 13a by contacting the activated member 13. Hereinafter, the air 40c affected by these contacts with the activated particles 13a is referred to as activated air 40b. In the present embodiment, the air 40c is irradiated with the radiation emitted by the radium element, and the ions released from the amphibole are taken into the air 40c, whereby the activated air 40b is obtained.
　この活性化された空気４０ｂが燃焼室２０に送り込まれ、燃焼室２０内の燃料２２を燃焼させ、煙成分６０を発生させる。このように発生した煙成分６０は、供給ファン装置５２の作動により、第１の煙成分供給管５１、供給ファン装置５２、第２の煙成分供給管５３、分岐管５４並びに第１の煙成分分配管５５ａ及び第２の煙成分分配管５５ｂを介して第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内に供給される。 The activated air 40b is sent into the combustion chamber 20, and the fuel 22 in the combustion chamber 20 is combusted to generate a smoke component 60. The smoke component 60 generated in this way is generated by the operation of the supply fan device 52, the first smoke component supply pipe 51, the supply fan device 52, the second smoke component supply pipe 53, the branch pipe 54 and the first smoke component. It is supplied into the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b through the distribution pipe 55a and the second smoke component distribution pipe 55b.
　供給された煙成分６０は、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの床側に流れ、対流によって天井側にも流れる。そのため、煙成分６０は第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの内面に一様に当たることとなる。この煙成分６０は第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの内面や木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの表面に被着して炭素膜を形成する。炭素膜は煙成分６０が引き続き供給されることにより成長し厚さが増大する。この炭素膜は加熱されることにより、遠赤外線又は赤外線を放射し、木材３１ａ及び３１ｂを穏やかに加熱する。木材３１ａ及び３１ｂは、煙成分６０が直接接触することによる熱伝導によっても加熱される。煙成分６０から木材３１ａ及び３１ｂへの熱伝導は、木材表面に形成された炭素膜にも伝わるため、この熱伝導によっても炭素膜が加熱され、遠赤外線又は赤外線の放射が行われる。このように、炭素膜の存在によって、煙成分６０が木材の表面に直接当たることがなく、木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの表面のみが過剰に加熱されて劣化の原因となるようなことがなくなる。また、この炭素膜は、活性炭と同様の機能を有しており、乾燥時に、木材３１ａ及び３１ｂから生じる不要成分を吸着して除去する。 Supplied smoke component 60 flows to the floor side of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b, and also flows to the ceiling side by convection. Therefore, the smoke component 60 uniformly strikes the inner surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. The smoke component 60 is deposited on the inner surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b and the surfaces of the woods 31a and 31b to form a carbon film. The carbon film grows and increases in thickness as the smoke component 60 continues to be supplied. When the carbon film is heated, it emits far infrared rays or infrared rays to gently heat the woods 31a and 31b. The woods 31a and 31b are also heated by heat conduction due to direct contact of the smoke component 60. Since the heat conduction from the smoke component 60 to the woods 31a and 31b is also transmitted to the carbon film formed on the wood surface, the carbon film is also heated by this heat conduction to emit far infrared rays or infrared rays. Thus, the presence of the carbon film prevents the smoke component 60 from directly hitting the surface of the wood, and only the surfaces of the woods 31a and 31b are not excessively heated to cause deterioration. Moreover, this carbon film has the same function as activated carbon, and adsorbs and removes unnecessary components generated from the woods 31a and 31b during drying.
　木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの乾燥及び炭素膜の形成に用いられた煙成分及び余剰の煙成分は、煙成分６１として、第１の煙成分排出管５６ａ及び第２の煙成分排出管５６ｂを介して排気用煙突５７から外部に排出される。 Smoke components and excess smoke components used for drying the woods 31a and 31b and forming the carbon film are exhausted as smoke components 61 through the first smoke component discharge pipe 56a and the second smoke component discharge pipe 56b. It is discharged from the chimney 57 for the outside.
　木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの芯部の温度は、芯部温度センサで計測され、燃料２２の量の調節、排気量の調節、気圧調節装置による酸素流入量又は気圧の調節、及び供給ファン装置５２の速度調節などを行うことにより、最適値に制御することができる。 The temperature of the cores of the woods 31a and 31b is measured by a core temperature sensor, and the amount of fuel 22 is adjusted, the amount of exhaust gas is adjusted, the amount of oxygen inflow or pressure is adjusted by the pressure adjusting device, and the speed of the supply fan device 52 By performing adjustment or the like, it can be controlled to an optimum value.
　木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの乾燥は、その芯部温度が、５５℃以上９５℃未満の値に維持されるように行われる。芯部温度が５５℃を下回ると木材の芯部が充分に加熱されず、細胞の壁孔が破壊されず、芯部全体が乾燥されない。さらにリグニンやヘミセルロースが軟化せず、木材に内部応力が残り、曲がりが生じて充分に良好な品質が得られない。９５℃以上となると芯部の細胞も破壊され劣化する可能性があり、表面温度はさらに高くなっているため劣化するおそれが大きい。充分に乾燥が得られかつ曲がりが除去でき、表面の劣化が少ない範囲としては、芯部温度は６０℃以上９０℃未満が特に望ましい。 The drying of the woods 31a and 31b is performed such that the core temperature is maintained at a value of 55 ° C or higher and lower than 95 ° C. When the core temperature is lower than 55 ° C., the core of the wood is not sufficiently heated, the cell hole is not destroyed, and the entire core is not dried. Furthermore, lignin and hemicellulose do not soften, internal stress remains in the wood, bending occurs, and sufficiently good quality cannot be obtained. When the temperature is 95 ° C. or higher, the cells in the core may be destroyed and deteriorated, and the surface temperature is further increased, so there is a high possibility of deterioration. The core temperature is particularly preferably 60 ° C. or higher and lower than 90 ° C. as a range in which sufficient drying can be obtained, bending can be removed, and surface deterioration is small.
　上述の芯部温度を維持しつつ乾燥させるためには、燃焼室２０から煙成分６０を供給して木材の芯部温度を上述した温度まで上昇させた後、その温度を一定の乾燥時間だけ維持することが必要である。本実施形態の木材乾燥装置１では、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂへの煙成分６０の供給開始より２～４時間で木材の芯部温度を６５～９５℃まで上げることができる。その後はこの芯部温度を２４～９６時間前後の一定時間、継続して維持する。木材の曲がりを除去するには、３０時間以上を継続して乾燥する必要がある。 In order to dry while maintaining the above core temperature, the smoke component 60 is supplied from the combustion chamber 20 to increase the temperature of the wood core to the above temperature, and then the temperature is maintained for a certain drying time. It is necessary to. In the wood drying apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the core temperature of the wood is raised to 65 to 95 ° C. in 2 to 4 hours from the start of supply of the smoke component 60 to the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Can do. Thereafter, the core temperature is continuously maintained for a certain period of time of around 24 to 96 hours. In order to remove the bending of the wood, it is necessary to continuously dry for 30 hours or more.
　本実施形態では、６５～９５℃の芯部温度を９６時間維持した後、燃焼室２０の燃焼を停止し、排気を行うことにより第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂを冷却する。具体的には、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内の温度が室温前後となるまで半日～１日前後を放置する。その後、扉３４ａ及び３４ｂを開き、第１の木材支持部材３２ａ及び第２の木材支持部材３２ｂをその車輪を利用して移動させることにより、木材３１ａ及び３２ｂをそれぞれ第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂから搬出し、風乾する処理を行う。 In this embodiment, after maintaining the core temperature of 65 to 95 ° C. for 96 hours, the combustion in the combustion chamber 20 is stopped and exhausted to cool the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. . Specifically, the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b are left for about half a day to about one day until the temperature reaches about room temperature. Thereafter, the doors 34a and 34b are opened, and the first and second timber support members 32a and 32b are moved using the wheels thereof, thereby moving the timbers 31a and 32b into the first drying chamber 30a and the first drying chamber 30a, respectively. 2 is carried out from the drying chamber 30b and air-dried.
　本実施形態においては、空気活性化手段１０の空気活性化作用により、木材３１ａ及び３１ｂを乾燥させる際に、その芯部温度を短時間で上昇させることができる。また、その乾燥の間、安定した芯部温度を維持することが可能となる。また、前述した炭素膜の作用により、燃焼室２０の温度、即ち煙成分６０の温度を高くしても木材の品質に劣化が生じないので、燃焼室２０の温度を高めることによって、乾燥時間をさらに短くすることができる。さらに、木材の原料となる木の品種や木材のサイズを問わず、短時間で乾燥させることが可能であるため、乾燥の作業を簡略化させることができる。さらにまた、乾燥の条件を定めるために試行錯誤せずにあらかじめ設定した一定の条件で乾燥を行うことができる。その結果、生産コストを削減した有効な木材生産を行うことが可能となる。 In this embodiment, when the woods 31a and 31b are dried by the air activation action of the air activation means 10, the core temperature can be raised in a short time. In addition, a stable core temperature can be maintained during the drying. Further, due to the action of the carbon film, the quality of the wood does not deteriorate even if the temperature of the combustion chamber 20, that is, the temperature of the smoke component 60 is increased. Therefore, by increasing the temperature of the combustion chamber 20, the drying time can be reduced. It can be further shortened. Furthermore, since it is possible to dry in a short time regardless of the kind of wood used as the raw material of the wood or the size of the wood, the drying operation can be simplified. Furthermore, the drying can be performed under a predetermined condition without trial and error to determine the drying condition. As a result, it is possible to perform effective wood production with reduced production costs.
　空気活性化手段１０の空気活性化作用により上述した効果が生じるメカニズムについては、正確には解明されていないが、活性化粒子１３ａより発する電磁波が、活性化部材収納筐体１１内に導入された空気４０ｃに含まれる分子や粒子に対して物理的作用を及ぼし、これによって得られた空気４０ｂを用いて燃焼を行い、得られた煙成分６０により木材の乾燥を行うことにより、その乾燥が促進されていると考えられる。さらに、活性化粒子１３ａより発する帯電粒子、特にいわゆるマイナスイオンが空気４０ｃ内に増加し、それらの粒子の影響によりその空気４０ｂを用いて得られた煙成分６０が乾燥を促進していると考えられる。加えて、活性化粒子１３ａが、空気４０ｃ内に含まれる乾燥を阻害するような物質を吸着するので、燃焼室２０へ送り込まれる空気４０ｂからはこれらの物質が除去されることで、得られる煙成分６０にもそのような物質が含まれず、その結果、木材の乾燥が促進されている可能性もある。 Although the mechanism by which the above-described effect is caused by the air activation action of the air activation means 10 has not been elucidated precisely, an electromagnetic wave emitted from the activation particles 13a has been introduced into the activation member housing case 11. It exerts a physical action on molecules and particles contained in the air 40c, burns using the air 40b obtained thereby, and drying the wood with the smoke component 60 obtained, thereby promoting the drying. It is thought that. Further, it is considered that charged particles emitted from the activated particles 13a, particularly so-called negative ions, increase in the air 40c, and the smoke component 60 obtained by using the air 40b promotes drying due to the influence of these particles. It is done. In addition, since the activated particles 13a adsorb substances that inhibit the drying contained in the air 40c, the smoke obtained by removing these substances from the air 40b fed into the combustion chamber 20 Component 60 is also free of such materials, and as a result, drying of the wood may be accelerated.
　また、本実施形態による木材乾燥装置１を用いた木材乾燥方法を用いて乾燥した木材は、木質以外の化学物質の含有量が少ないＶＯＣ（揮発性有機化合物）の放散速度基準（建材からのＶＯＣ放散速度基準化研究会の基準）をクリアした木材となっている。具体的には、乾燥後の木材は、アルデヒド等の揮発性有機化合物、硫黄酸化物又は窒素化合物等の放出量が減少し、この基準をクリアしている。本実施形態では、木材内部への乾燥が有効に行われるために、乾燥中に水分と共にこれらの物質が木材内部から除去される。このため、大気に含まれる化学物質等が伐採前の樹木や乾燥前の木材に付着したとしても、この木材乾燥方法を用いた乾燥により除去することができる。 Moreover, the wood dried using the wood drying method using the wood drying apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment has a VOC (volatile organic compound) emission rate standard (VOC from building materials) with a low content of chemical substances other than wood. This wood has cleared the standards of the Emission Standardization Study Group. Specifically, the wood after drying has cleared this standard because the amount of emission of volatile organic compounds such as aldehydes, sulfur oxides or nitrogen compounds has decreased. In this embodiment, in order to dry the inside of the wood effectively, these substances are removed from the inside of the wood together with moisture during the drying. For this reason, even if chemical substances contained in the atmosphere adhere to trees before cutting or wood before drying, they can be removed by drying using this wood drying method.
　本実施形態おける活性化部材１３は、バインダ１３ｂに活性化粒子１３ａを混練し板状に成形することで形成されている。この場合、活性化粒子１３ａの含有量や配置は任意に調整でき、活性化粒子１３ａと空気４０ｃとが効率的に接触するように構成できる。そのため、溶岩や自然の鉱石を燃焼室等に配置してその輻射を利用する従来の方法に対して、効率的に電磁波や帯電粒子を発生するように構成可能である。 The activation member 13 in the present embodiment is formed by kneading the activated particles 13a in the binder 13b and forming it into a plate shape. In this case, the content and arrangement of the activated particles 13a can be arbitrarily adjusted, and the activated particles 13a and the air 40c can be configured to efficiently contact each other. Therefore, it can be configured to generate electromagnetic waves and charged particles more efficiently than the conventional method in which lava or natural ore is arranged in a combustion chamber or the like and uses its radiation.
　上述した実施形態の一変更態様として、活性化部材１３の表面が吸入口１０ａ及び排出口１０ｂを結ぶ直線に対して傾斜していなくとも良い。例えば、活性化部材１３の表面が上述した直線に対して略垂直でもあっても良く、活性化部材１３の表面が曲面を形成していても良い。 As a modification of the above-described embodiment, the surface of the activating member 13 may not be inclined with respect to a straight line connecting the suction port 10a and the discharge port 10b. For example, the surface of the activation member 13 may be substantially perpendicular to the straight line described above, or the surface of the activation member 13 may form a curved surface.
　その他の変更態様として、空気活性化手段１０における本体１２や活性化部材収納筐体１１が、上述した材料以外の材料で形成されていても良い。例えば、電磁波又は帯電粒子を放出可能な素材を含有する構成材料で構成されていても良い。例として、活性化部材収納筐体１１が、上述したような角閃石の粒子をセラミックに分散させた材料で形成されていても良い。活性化部材収納筐体１１のこの構成により、空気４０ｃがより多くの角閃石の粒子と接触する。 As another modification, the main body 12 and the activation member storage housing 11 in the air activation means 10 may be formed of a material other than the above-described materials. For example, you may be comprised with the constituent material containing the raw material which can discharge | release electromagnetic waves or a charged particle. As an example, the activation member housing case 11 may be formed of a material in which the amphibole particles as described above are dispersed in ceramic. With this configuration of the activation member housing 11, the air 40c comes into contact with more amphibole particles.
　さらに他の変更態様として、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内の炭素膜に輻射を行わせるための手段として、炭素膜を加熱する手段が別個に設けられていても良い。例えば、第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂの内面の温度を上昇させ、炭素膜を過熱させる手段が設けられていても良い。 As yet another modification, a means for heating the carbon film may be separately provided as means for causing the carbon films in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b to radiate. For example, means for raising the temperature of the inner surfaces of the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b and overheating the carbon film may be provided.
［乾燥試験］
　断熱材を塗布した鋼板によって断熱材を挟み込んで構成された壁、床及び天井によって内部表面が囲まれた第１の乾燥室３０ａ（３．２ｍ×４．５ｍ×４．５ｍ）及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ（２ｍ×４．５ｍ×３．５ｍ）と、燃焼室２０（３ｍ×２．３ｍ×１．７ｍ）と、燃焼室２０への空気供給路に設けられた空気活性化手段１０とを備えた木材乾燥装置１を用いて乾燥試験を行った。 [Drying test]
A first drying chamber 30a (3.2 m × 4.5 m × 4.5 m) and a second drying chamber 30a (3.2 m × 4.5 m × 4.5 m) whose inner surface is surrounded by walls, floors, and ceilings that are formed by sandwiching the heat insulating material between steel plates coated with a heat insulating material. A drying chamber 30 b (2 m × 4.5 m × 3.5 m), a combustion chamber 20 (3 m × 2.3 m × 1.7 m), and an air activation means 10 provided in an air supply path to the combustion chamber 20. A drying test was performed using a wood drying apparatus 1 equipped with
　活性化粒子１３ａとして、ラジウム元素を含む鉱石の粒子、並びに天照石及び乙姫石の粒子であってそれぞれ径が２０～６０μｍのものを、粘土のバインダ１３ｂに対して約５０重量％となるよう混練して板状の活性化部材１３を得た。５つのこのような活性化部材１３をステンレスを構成素材とする１５２×１３０×１７５ｍｍの活性化部材収納筐体１１内に収納して固定し、この活性化部材収納筐体１１を本体１２内に４つ収納固定することによって空気活性化手段１０とした。 As the activated particles 13a, ore particles containing radium element, as well as Amaterite stone and Otohime stone particles, each having a diameter of 20 to 60 μm, are approximately 50% by weight with respect to the clay binder 13b. The plate-like activation member 13 was obtained by kneading. Five such activation members 13 are housed and fixed in a 152 × 130 × 175 mm activation member storage housing 11 made of stainless steel, and the activation member storage housing 11 is placed in the main body 12. The air activation means 10 was obtained by storing and fixing four.
　実施例１として、この木材乾燥装置１の第１の乾燥室３０ａ内に伐採後のカラマツの丸木を桟木３５（６０ｍｍ×６０ｍｍの角パイプ）を入れて隙間を確保しつつ収納して木材３１ａとし、第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内にはスギを製材して得た板材を収納して積み重ね、木材３１ｂとした。このような木材３１ａ及び３１ｂに対して、燃焼室２０で雑木及び間伐材を燃料２２として燃焼させ、得られた煙成分６０を第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂに供給して乾燥を開始した。比較例１として、空気活性化手段１０及びフェンス３７を設けない木材乾燥装置を用いて同様に乾燥を行った。 In Example 1, a larch round tree after cutting is placed in a first drying chamber 30a of the wood drying apparatus 1 and a pier 35 (60 mm × 60 mm square pipe) is stored while securing a gap to obtain a wood 31a. The plate material obtained by sawing cedar was stored and stacked in the second drying chamber 30b to obtain a wood 31b. Such woods 31a and 31b are combusted in the combustion chamber 20 with miscellaneous trees and thinned wood as fuel 22, and the resulting smoke component 60 is supplied to the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. Drying started. As Comparative Example 1, drying was similarly performed using a wood drying apparatus in which the air activation means 10 and the fence 37 were not provided.
　第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂにおける木材３１ａ及び３１ｂの種々の位置における芯部温度を芯部温度センサを用いて測定すると共に、燃焼室２０、並びに第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂ内の種々の位置における室内温度を室内温度センサを用いて測定し、芯部温度が５５～９５℃の範囲を維持するように燃焼室２０の燃料２２の量を調整した。その温度測定結果（℃）を、実施例１については表１に、比較例１については表２に示す。ただし、表１及び表２において、各列は温度測定した位置を表わしており、各行は温度測定した時刻（時間：分）を表わしている。 The core temperature at various positions of the woods 31a and 31b in the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b is measured using a core temperature sensor, the combustion chamber 20, and the first drying chamber 30a and The room temperature at various positions in the second drying chamber 30b was measured using an indoor temperature sensor, and the amount of the fuel 22 in the combustion chamber 20 was adjusted so that the core temperature was maintained in the range of 55 to 95 ° C. . The temperature measurement results (° C.) are shown in Table 1 for Example 1 and Table 2 for Comparative Example 1. However, in Tables 1 and 2, each column represents a temperature measurement position, and each row represents a temperature measurement time (hour: minute).
　表１において、「丸太室上」は第１の乾燥室３０ａの上部、「丸太室下」は第１の乾燥室３０ａの下部、「製品室上」は第２の乾燥室３０ｂの上部、「製品室下」は第２の乾燥室３０ｂの下部、「丸太上」は第１の乾燥室３０ａの上部に収納した木材３１ａ、「丸太中」は第１の乾燥室３０ａの中間部に収納した木材３１ａ、「丸太下」は第１の乾燥室３０ａの下部に収納した木材３１ａ、「製品上」は第２の乾燥室３０ｂの上部に収納した製材された木材３１ｂ、「製品中」は第２の乾燥室３０ｂの中間部に収納した製材された木材３１ｂ、「製品下」は第２の乾燥室３０ｂの下部に収納した製材された木材３１ｂをそれぞれ表している。また、表２において、「木材右奥」は乾燥室の前面から見て右奥に収納した木材、「木材右手前」は乾燥室の前面から見て右手前に収納した木材、「木材左手前」は乾燥室の前面から見て左手前に収納した木材、「木材右中」は乾燥室の前面から見て右中間部に収納した木材、「木材右上中」は乾燥室の前面から見て右上中間部に収納した木材、「木材左中」は乾燥室の前面から見て左中間部に収納した木材、「木材左上奥」は乾燥室の前面から見て左上奥に収納した木材、「木材右下奥」は乾燥室の前面から見て右下奥に収納した木材、「木材右上奥」は乾燥室の前面から見て右上奥に収納した木材、「室内左下奥」は乾燥室の前面から見て左下奥部、「室内右中手前」は乾燥室の前面から見て右中間部の手前、「室内右上手前」は乾燥室の前面から見て右上の手前、「室内右下手前」は乾燥室の前面から見て右下の手前をそれぞれ表わしている。 In Table 1, “above the log room” is the upper part of the first drying chamber 30a, “below the log room” is the lower part of the first drying room 30a, “on the product room” is the upper part of the second drying room 30b, “ "Product room lower" is stored in the lower part of the second drying chamber 30b, "Log upper" is the wood 31a stored in the upper part of the first drying chamber 30a, and "Middle log" is stored in the middle part of the first drying chamber 30a. The wood 31a, “log under” is the wood 31a stored in the lower part of the first drying chamber 30a, “on the product” is the sawn wood 31b stored in the upper part of the second drying chamber 30b, and “in product” is the first The sawn wood 31b stored in the middle part of the second drying chamber 30b, and “product bottom” represent the sawn wood 31b stored in the lower part of the second drying chamber 30b. Also, in Table 2, “wood right back” is the wood stored in the back right when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “wood right front” is the wood stored in the right front when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “wood left front” ”Is the wood stored in front of the drying room as viewed from the front of the drying room,“ Right middle of wood ”is stored in the middle right of the drying room as viewed from the front of the drying room, and“ Upper right middle of wood ”is viewed from the front of the drying room. Wood stored in the upper right middle, “wood left middle” is stored in the middle left when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “wood upper left” is stored in the upper left rear when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “Wood bottom right” is the wood stored in the bottom right when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, “Wood top right” is the wood stored in the top right when viewed from the front of the drying chamber, and “Bottom left bottom” is the drying chamber. The lower left rear when viewed from the front, “Inside the middle right in the room” is in front of the middle right when viewed from the front of the drying room, and “In the upper right in the room” is the drying room The upper right corner of the front when viewed from the front, "the indoor lower right front" represents each of the front of the lower right as viewed from the front of the drying chamber.
実施例１Example 1
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
比較例１Comparative Example 1
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
　表２の比較例１においては、燃焼室２０の温度を３００℃以上に上げると木材３１に割れが生じることがあるため、温度を３００℃未満に保った。一方、表１の実施例１においては、予備的な実験において燃焼室２０の温度を３００℃以上としても木材３１ａ及び３１ｂに割れが生じなかったため、この試験では３００℃以上の温度に設定して燃焼を行った。 In Comparative Example 1 of Table 2, when the temperature of the combustion chamber 20 is raised to 300 ° C. or higher, cracks may occur in the wood 31, so the temperature was kept below 300 ° C. On the other hand, in Example 1 of Table 1, since cracks did not occur in the woods 31a and 31b even when the temperature of the combustion chamber 20 was set to 300 ° C. or higher in a preliminary experiment, the temperature was set to 300 ° C. or higher in this test. Burned.
　表１の実施例１においては、開始から３～４時間で目標とする芯部温度である６０℃前後に到達した。到達した後は、芯部温度はほとんど上下せず、安定に保たれていた。以後、芯部温度が安定に保った状態を続け、４日目に炉を停止し、１０時間冷却してから木材３１ａ及び３１ｂを第１の乾燥室３０ａ及び第２の乾燥室３０ｂから搬出した。一方、表２の比較例１においては、目標とする芯部温度である９０℃前後に到達するまで開始から６～７時間を要した。 In Example 1 of Table 1, the target core temperature reached around 60 ° C. in 3 to 4 hours from the start. After reaching the core temperature, the core temperature hardly changed and was kept stable. Thereafter, the core temperature was kept stable, the furnace was stopped on the fourth day, and after cooling for 10 hours, the woods 31a and 31b were carried out from the first drying chamber 30a and the second drying chamber 30b. . On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 of Table 2, it took 6 to 7 hours from the start until the target core temperature reached around 90 ° C.
　なお、表１の実施例１について、試験後に活性化部材収納筐体１１及び燃焼室２０内について、ＪＩＳ　Ｂ９９２９：２００６に規定された方法を用いて空気中のイオン密度を測定したところ、活性化部材収納筐体１１では９万／立方ｍ、燃焼室２０では１４万／立方ｍであった。 In addition, about Example 1 of Table 1, when the ion density in air was measured about the inside of the activation member storage housing | casing 11 and the combustion chamber 20 after the test using the method prescribed | regulated to JISB9929: 2006, it was activated. It was 90,000 / cubic m for the member housing 11 and 140,000 / cubic m for the combustion chamber 20.
　表１の実施例１の木材は、その芯部まで均一に乾燥し、表面やその近くに熱劣化やひび割れは見られなかった。また、実施例１の木材は、その後の１か月ほどの風乾でも、ねじれ、反りなどの曲がりは発生しなかった。 The wood of Example 1 in Table 1 was uniformly dried to the core, and no thermal deterioration or cracking was observed on the surface or in the vicinity thereof. Further, the wood of Example 1 did not generate bending such as twisting and warping even when air-dried for about one month thereafter.
　一方、表２の比較例１の木材では、乾燥後の木材をさらに角材などの形状に加工すると、木材の木目に応じて割れが生じることがあり、加工した際の歩止まりが４５～７０％前後であった。これに対して、表１の実施例１の木材では、こうした割れが生じることがほとんどなく、歩止まりは８０～１００％であった。これらの結果から、本発明の木材乾燥装置及び木材乾燥方法は、従来よりも短時間で木材の乾燥を行うことができ、乾燥した木材の劣化がより少ないことが示された。 On the other hand, in the wood of Comparative Example 1 in Table 2, when the wood after drying is further processed into a shape such as square wood, cracks may occur depending on the grain of the wood, and the yield when processed is 45 to 70%. Before and after. On the other hand, in the wood of Example 1 in Table 1, such cracks hardly occur and the yield was 80 to 100%. From these results, it was shown that the wood drying apparatus and the wood drying method of the present invention can dry wood in a shorter time than before and that the dried wood is less deteriorated.
［ＶＯＣ放散速度試験］
実施例２
　乾燥試験の場合と同様の木材乾燥装置を用いて、乾燥を行った木材Ａ、木材Ｂ、カラ松、ヒノキ及び杉について、小形チャンバー法（ＪＩＳ　Ａ１９０１:２００９）によるＶＯＣ放散速度測定を行った。その結果、３日後の放散速度（μｇ／ｍ２ｈ）は、木材Ａ及び木材Ｂは、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン及びスチレンがいずれも１未満であった。また、カラ松は、１日後の放散速度（μｇ／ｍ２ｈ）が、トルエンが５、キシレン、エチルベンゼン及びスチレンがいずれも２未満であった。ヒノキは、１日後の放散速度（μｇ／ｍ２ｈ）が、トルエンが９、キシレン、エチルベンゼン及びスチレンがいずれも１未満であった。杉は、１日後の放散速度（μｇ／ｍ２ｈ）が、トルエンが９、キシレンが２、エチルベンゼン及びスチレンがいずれも１未満であった。因みに、建材からのＶＯＣ放散速度基準（μｇ／ｍ２ｈ）は、トルエンが３８、キシレンが１２０、エチルベンゼンが５５０、スチレンが３２であり、本実施例２のＶＯＣ放散速度測定結果は、この基準を完全にクリアしていることが分かる。 [VOC emission rate test]
Example 2
Using the same wood drying apparatus as in the drying test, the VOC emission rate was measured by the small chamber method (JIS A1901: 2009) for the dried wood A, wood B, pine, cypress and cedar. As a result, the emission rate after 3 days (μg / m 2 h) was less than 1 for wood A and wood B for toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Further, Karamatsu had a release rate after 1 day (μg / m 2 h) of 5 for toluene, less than 2 for xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene. As for cypress, the emission rate after 1 day (μg / m 2 h) was 9 for toluene, and less than 1 for xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene. Cedar had a release rate after 1 day (μg / m 2 h) of 9 for toluene, 2 for xylene, and less than 1 for both ethylbenzene and styrene. Incidentally, the VOC emission rate standard (μg / m 2 h) from building materials is 38 for toluene, 120 for xylene, 550 for ethylbenzene, and 32 for styrene, and the VOC emission rate measurement result of this Example 2 is based on this standard. It can be seen that is completely cleared.
　本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されるものでなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内での種々、設計変更した形態を技術的範囲に含まれるものである。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various technically modified embodiments are included in the technical scope without departing from the gist of the invention described in the claims. .
　本発明は木材の利用及び処理の問題をいずれも解決し得るものである。木材の利用される建築や素材をはじめとするあらゆる分野に役立ち、利用と処理のいずれの面の利用によっても環境問題の解決に寄与する技術となるものである。 The present invention can solve both the use and processing problems of wood. It will be useful in all fields including construction and materials where wood is used, and it will be a technology that contributes to solving environmental problems by using both the usage and treatment aspects.
　１　木材乾燥装置
　１０　空気活性化手段
　１０ａ　吸入口
　１０ｂ　排出口
　１１　活性化部材収納筐体
　１１ａ　底面部
　１１ｂ　頂面部
　１２　本体
　１２ａ　吸入口部材
　１２ｂ　排出口部材
　１２ｃ　リブ部
　１２ｄ、１２ｅ　取付けフレーム
　１３、１３Ａ、１３Ｂ　活性化部材
　１３ａ　活性化粒子
　１３ｂ　バインダ
　１４、１５　支持部材
　１６、１７　通気孔
　２０　燃焼室
　２１、３３　壁部材
　２２　燃料
　２３　開閉扉
　２４　供給口
　２５　ウィンチ機構
　２６　燃料投入棚
　３０　乾燥室
　３０ａ　第１の乾燥室
　３０ｂ　第２の乾燥室
　３１ａ、３１ｂ　木材
　３２ａ　第１の木材支持部材
　３２ｂ　第２の木材支持部材
　３４ａ　第１の扉
　３４ｂ　第２の扉
　３５　桟木
　３６　中間支持部材
　３７　フェンス
　４０ａ、４０ｂ、４０ｃ　空気
　４１　隙間
　４２　空間
　５０　空気供給管
　５１　第１の煙成分供給管
　５２　供給ファン装置
　５３　第２の煙成分供給管
　５４　分岐管
　５５ａ　第１の煙成分分配管
　５５ｂ　第２の煙成分分配管
　５６ａ　第１の煙成分排出管
　５６ｂ　第２の煙成分排出管
　５７　排気用煙突
　６０、６１　煙成分 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wood drying apparatus 10 Air activation means 10a Intake port 10b Outlet port 11 Activation member storage housing | casing 11a Bottom part 11b Top surface part 12 Main body 12a Inlet member 12b Outlet member 12c Rib part 12d, 12e Attachment frame 13, 13A, 13B Activation member 13a Activation particle 13b Binder 14, 15 Support member 16, 17 Vent 20 Combustion chamber 21, 33 Wall member 22 Fuel 23 Open / close door 24 Supply port 25 Winch mechanism 26 Fuel input shelf 30 Drying chamber 30a First Drying chamber 30b Second drying chamber 31a, 31b Wood 32a First wood support member 32b Second wood support member 34a First door 34b Second door 35 Crosspiece 36 Intermediate support member 37 Fence 40a, 40b, 40c Air 41 Gap 42 Space 50 Air supply pipe 51 First smoke component supply pipe 52 supply fan device 53 second smoke component supply pipe 54 branch pipe 55a first smoke component distribution pipe 55b second smoke component distribution pipe 56a first smoke component discharge pipe 56b second smoke component discharge pipe 57 for exhaust Chimney 60, 61 Smoke component

Claims (9)

  1. 　外部から取り込んだ空気が接触して電磁波又は帯電粒子を放出可能な活性化粒子を含む空気活性化手段と、該空気活性化手段に連結されており該空気活性化手段を介して供給された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼することによって煙成分を発生する燃焼室と、該燃焼室に連結されており該燃焼室で発生した前記煙成分によって内部に収納された木材を乾燥させるように構成された乾燥室とを備えていることを特徴とする木材乾燥装置。 Air activation means including activated particles capable of releasing electromagnetic waves or charged particles by contact with air taken from the outside, and air supplied to the air activation means connected to the air activation means Combustion chamber that generates smoke components by burning fuel using the fuel, and is configured to dry wood stored therein by the smoke components that are connected to the combustion chamber and generated in the combustion chamber A wood drying apparatus comprising a drying chamber.
  2. 　前記活性化粒子は、ラジウムを含有する粒子、角閃石粒子、及び炭素及びケイ素を含有する粒子の少なくとも１つを含む粒子から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の木材乾燥装置。 2. The wood drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the activated particles are selected from particles containing at least one of particles containing radium, amphibole particles, and particles containing carbon and silicon.
  3. 　前記活性化粒子は、セラミックに分散した平板形状の活性化部材として前記活性化手段に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の木材乾燥装置。 3. The wood drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the activated particles are provided in the activating means as a plate-shaped activating member dispersed in ceramic.
  4. 　前記活性化粒子は、該活性化部材に対する重量比が４０～８０重量％で活性化部材に含まれていることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の木材乾燥装置。 The wood drying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the activated particles are contained in the activated member in a weight ratio of 40 to 80% by weight with respect to the activated member.
  5. 　前記活性化粒子は、該活性化部材に対する重量比が約５０重量％で活性化部材に含まれていることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の木材乾燥装置。 The wood drying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the activated particles are contained in the activated member in a weight ratio of about 50% by weight with respect to the activated member.
  6. 　前記活性化粒子は、径が１～１０００μｍであることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の木材乾燥装置。 4. The wood drying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the activated particles have a diameter of 1 to 1000 μm.
  7. 　前記活性化粒子は、径が２０～６０μｍであることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の木材乾燥装置。 The wood drying apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the activated particles have a diameter of 20 to 60 µm.
  8. 　前記空気活性化手段は前記空気を吸入する吸入口と前記空気を排出する排出口とを有し、前記活性化部材は少なくとも１つの表面が前記吸入口と前記排出口とを結ぶ直線に対して非平行となるように前記空気活性化手段内に配置されており、前記空気活性化手段は該非平行の少なくとも１つの表面に沿って前記空気を流通させる流路を備えていることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の木材乾燥装置。 The air activation means has a suction port for sucking the air and a discharge port for discharging the air, and the activation member has at least one surface with respect to a straight line connecting the suction port and the discharge port. It is arranged in the air activating means so as to be non-parallel, and the air activating means includes a flow path for circulating the air along at least one non-parallel surface. The wood drying apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.
  9. 　外部から取り込んだ空気を電磁波又は帯電粒子を放出可能な活性化粒子に接触させた後に燃焼室に供給し、該燃焼室において供給された空気を用いて燃料を燃焼させることにより煙成分を発生させ、発生した煙成分を、木材を収納した乾燥室に供給して前記木材を乾燥させることを特徴とする木材乾燥方法。 The air taken in from the outside is brought into contact with the activated particles capable of releasing electromagnetic waves or charged particles, and then supplied to the combustion chamber, and fuel is burned using the air supplied in the combustion chamber to generate smoke components. A wood drying method, wherein the generated smoke component is supplied to a drying chamber containing wood to dry the wood.
PCT/JP2014/058065 2013-03-26 2014-03-24 Wood drying apparatus and method WO2014157078A1 (en)

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JP2013065171A JP2016135544A (en) 2013-03-26 2013-03-26 Wood drying apparatus and method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105922412A (en) * 2016-05-17 2016-09-07 福建农林大学 Processing method of cunninghamia lanceolata furniture board with cedarwood smell

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JP2003343366A (en) * 2002-05-23 2003-12-03 Kazuhiko Uda Combustion-promoting composition and combustion- promoting member for internal combustion engine
JP2004074758A (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-03-11 Kannetsu Kogyo Kk Steam wood drying apparatus
JP2005283081A (en) * 2004-03-29 2005-10-13 Ion Gijutsu Kaihatsu:Kk Reforming drying furnace using heat radiation body amplifier
JP2005320926A (en) * 2004-05-11 2005-11-17 Katsuhiko Ikemoto Air filtration cleaner of internal combustion engine
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JP2009180191A (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-13 Kazuyoshi Okamoto Combustion activation sheet
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001355526A (en) * 2000-06-12 2001-12-26 Nagataya:Kk Air cleaner, combustion engine and combustion device provided with air cleaner, and activated inorganic composition for air cleaner
JP2003343366A (en) * 2002-05-23 2003-12-03 Kazuhiko Uda Combustion-promoting composition and combustion- promoting member for internal combustion engine
JP2004074758A (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-03-11 Kannetsu Kogyo Kk Steam wood drying apparatus
JP2005283081A (en) * 2004-03-29 2005-10-13 Ion Gijutsu Kaihatsu:Kk Reforming drying furnace using heat radiation body amplifier
JP2005320926A (en) * 2004-05-11 2005-11-17 Katsuhiko Ikemoto Air filtration cleaner of internal combustion engine
JP2008138533A (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-19 Medorasu:Kk Method of improving fuel consumption in automobile
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JP2011218718A (en) * 2010-04-13 2011-11-04 Morikyu Lumber:Kk Wood drying method and apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105922412A (en) * 2016-05-17 2016-09-07 福建农林大学 Processing method of cunninghamia lanceolata furniture board with cedarwood smell

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