WO2014155266A1 - Procédé de fabrication de panneaux isolants et panneau correspondant - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de panneaux isolants et panneau correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014155266A1
WO2014155266A1 PCT/IB2014/060082 IB2014060082W WO2014155266A1 WO 2014155266 A1 WO2014155266 A1 WO 2014155266A1 IB 2014060082 W IB2014060082 W IB 2014060082W WO 2014155266 A1 WO2014155266 A1 WO 2014155266A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulp
flakes
panel
feathers
keratin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/060082
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Valerio Pontarolo
Luca PONTAROLO
Original Assignee
Pontarolo Engineering S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pontarolo Engineering S.P.A. filed Critical Pontarolo Engineering S.P.A.
Publication of WO2014155266A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014155266A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1615—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of natural origin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/28—Organic non-cellulose fibres from natural polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/28—Organic non-cellulose fibres from natural polymers
    • D21H13/34—Protein fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
    • D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
    • D21H15/08—Flakes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

Definitions

  • the present invention is relative to a method for manufacturing (acoustic or thermal) insulating panels for buildings, or panels having filtering functions. These panels are manufactured starting from bird feathers. Said feathers are used in the form of flakes or micronized flour with a high content of keratin. Keratin is a filamentous protein rich in sulfur, which is contained in amino acid residues of cysteine; it is very stable and resistant. It is a quaternary structure and it consists of different tertiary structures arranged in a row. It is produced by keratinocytes and it is immersed in their cytosol in the form of intermediate filaments. It is the main constituent of the stratum corneum of the epidermis of the tetrapods and, especially, of the amniotes, in which it guarantees impermeability.
  • a keratin molecule consists of a polypeptide chain with a helix structure having a length of about 450 A.
  • the chains interact with one another, thus organizing themselves in structures that keep getting bigger and more complex.
  • the single helixes combine themselves, by means of hydrophobic interactions, in pairs (dimers) and each pair, besides the winding of the single helixes, further winds itself on itself.
  • the dimers obtained in this way combine themselves, both transversely and longitudinally, by means of disulfide bridges between cysteine residues of close filaments and other interactions. In this way, protofilaments are formed.
  • a keratin molecule is difficult to dissolve, since this protein contains disulfide bridges, i.e. very strong bonds between two amino acids of the same type, namely two cysteine molecules: the molecule deriving from the formation of the disulphide bridges assumes a helical shape and is extremely strong, since the sulfur atoms available in the entire spiral create a fibrous matrix, which is hardly soluble.
  • disulfide bridges i.e. very strong bonds between two amino acids of the same type, namely two cysteine molecules: the molecule deriving from the formation of the disulphide bridges assumes a helical shape and is extremely strong, since the sulfur atoms available in the entire spiral create a fibrous matrix, which is hardly soluble.
  • the consistency of the keratin molecule varies according to the disulphide bonds created between the cysteine molecules, in fact, if the disulfide bonds are numerous, the keratin will have a rigid structure that is hardly flexible, whereas, if the disulphide bonds a re relatively few, the keratin molecule will be more flexible: the keratin available inside the hair and the skin has a fairly flexible structure.
  • Keratin is synthesized by the keratinocytes, namely cells that make up part of the skin, of the hair, of the nails and of other structures; the cells of the keratinocytes, once dead, accumulate, thus forming a superficial layer that fulfills the function of protecting the layers underneath, where new keratin molecules are synthesized : this natural process of the body can be accelerated by some clinical conditions; any damage caused to the most external layer of keratin can damage the structure of the skin, of the hair and of the nails.
  • keratin The main use of keratin is in the pharmaceutical industry, since this material covers gastro-resistant tablets. This means that these tables can resists gastric acids, such as HCI (hydrochloric acid). It is also used in treatments to give brilliance and consistency to the hair.
  • HCI hydrochloric acid
  • the raw substance used to obtain this material consists of feathers of birds, such as chickens, turkeys, gooses, and others.
  • the feathers are filaments consisting of hundreds of thousands of parallel microcrystalline fibers, which are held together on a central stiff shaft.
  • the inside of the shaft is white and spongy. Chemically, the proteins making up the fibers and the shaft are all keratin.
  • the extraction of the keratin takes place by means of hydrolysis, which is a process that causes a chemical reaction with water, heat and the acid and produces the keratin.
  • Feathers mainly made up of keratin, are a natural flame retardant, which means that they are refractory to flames.
  • feathers have a high autoignition temperature and, compared to the other natural fibers, have the lowest flash point, do not propagate flames, have the lowest development index, do not produce toxic fumes, do not melt. If that is not enough, these natural features can be significantly increased by means of proper treatments of fireproofing and with ultrasounds.
  • feathers are able to absorb up to 20% and more of humidity without giving a wet sensation. Therefore, in case of a humid climate, they activate their function, thus absorbing humidity in order to give it back to the environment through a gradual and continuous transpiration process.
  • feathers if properly decomposed to build a material that can be used, can be employed to manufacture panels to be used, for example, as insulating panels in the building filed and also as filtering means.
  • the present invention suggests a novel and affective method to manufacture these panels starting from properly treated (decomposed) bird feathers in the form of flakes or micronized flour with a high content of keratin.
  • Said birds can be, for example, chickens, turkeys, gooses, and others.
  • An aspect of the present invention is relative to a method having the features set forth in appended claim 1.
  • the method according to an embodiment of the present invention substantially comprises five different steps.
  • the feathers are washed and sorted out in order to filter foreign bodies. If necessary, during this step, a predetermined quantity of soda can be added to sterilize the product.
  • the washing water can advantageously be re-used for multiple washing cycles.
  • the feathers are roughly ground in a feather- grinding machine, which comprises a cylinder, where the feathers are conveyed and ground by a worm screw housed therein.
  • the structure of the machine is substantially the same of a meat grinder.
  • the feathers are further crumbled in a finer manner by using a machine with concave surfaces.
  • this machine comprises a pair of coupled concave surfaces, between which the ground feathers are fed, teeth being obtained on each one of the two opposite faces of the surfaces. Due to the reciprocating motion between the two surfaces, the teeth crumble the ground feathers and create a final product that comprises feathers in the form of flakes.
  • the following fourth step involves the use of a homogenizing machine, for example a piston homogenizer.
  • the homogenizer is a piston positive-displacement pump equipped with a special counter-pressure vale called homogenizing valve, which is used to obtain a homogenization and micronization effect on the product treated.
  • the feather flakes are mixed with water under pressure (at a pressure ranging from 500 to 1000 bar) and approximately at a temperature ranging from 50 to 80°C, are conveyed through a narrow duct (the aforementioned valve) and are subsequently expanded in a tank. Due to the fluid-mechanical effects generated by the high pressure applied to the fluid, one can obtain a more "homogeneous" distribution of the micronized particles and a cavitation effect.
  • the product substantially has the shape of a fluid pulp and can be treated, in particular dried, in order to obtain loafs, sheets or powder, based on the drying level and mode desired.
  • the fifth and last step of the process involves the actual manufacturing of the panel.
  • This step is performed by pressing the raw material in the form of pulp or flakes (after the third or fourth step), which, for example, is arranged in a frame that reproduces the shape of the panel to be manufactured.
  • the panel is obtained by means of a mechanical pressure, which is exerted, for example, by a punch in a matrix die or frame, or by means of a pressure that is exerted by means of an extruder.
  • the panel remains compact and the fibers are intertwined with one another with the concurrence of the presence of humidity and pressure. According to the degree of pressure exerted, the panel can be manufactured so as to be more or less compact.
  • the panel formed has the shape of a compact plate with whatever shape or thickness, based on the frame of matrix die to be used.
  • This low-aggregation panel can be used, for example, as a filter for materials dispersed in water or air.
  • feathers can be used for drinkable water filters that are better than the common filters currently used, such as activated carbon filters.
  • the micorstructure of the fibers of the feathers attracts and traps pollutants that hard to remove, such as heavy metals (chromium, lead, mercury, etc.) and also other metals, such as iron and copper.
  • the fiber Before introducing the fiber into a filter, it can be "activated” by means of ultrasounds, so as to open further microscopic pores in the structure of the fiber. Tests carried out so far have proven that feather filters can also remove many other pollutants from drinkable water or from industrial waste waters. Lab experiments have shown that feather fibers rapidly absorb radioactive elements, such as strontium and cesium.
  • the panel can be obtained by mixing keratin in the form of pulp with a suitable bonding agent, in order to encourage a different aggregation of the pulp itself.
  • other fibers such as wood, carbon, glass fiber, talc, etc., can be added to the keratin.
  • the panel can be provided, on one side or on both sides, with one or more surface covering sheets of different types, for example sheets of vegetable paper, nylon, polypropylene, cloth.
  • the panel can be provided with an edge band, for example made of wood, plastic, iron, cardboard, etc.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de panneaux à base de plumes d'oiseaux, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à décomposer les plumes jusqu'à l'obtention de flocons et/ou d'une pâte fluide constitués sensiblement de kératine et d'eau, à disposer les flocons et/ou la pâte dans une matrice ayant une forme appropriée, et à compresser mécaniquement la pâte et/ou les flocons dans la matrice, jusqu'à l'agrégation de la pâte de façon à former ledit panneau.
PCT/IB2014/060082 2013-03-28 2014-03-24 Procédé de fabrication de panneaux isolants et panneau correspondant WO2014155266A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000017A ITPN20130017A1 (it) 2013-03-28 2013-03-28 Procedimento per la realizzazione di pannelli isolanti e relativo pannello.
ITPN2013A000017 2013-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014155266A1 true WO2014155266A1 (fr) 2014-10-02

Family

ID=48184368

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2014/060082 WO2014155266A1 (fr) 2013-03-28 2014-03-24 Procédé de fabrication de panneaux isolants et panneau correspondant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IT (1) ITPN20130017A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014155266A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR999094A (fr) * 1952-01-25
WO1996039551A1 (fr) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-12 The United States Of America, Represented By Th Fibres et produits fibreux obtenus a partir de plumes

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR999094A (fr) * 1952-01-25
WO1996039551A1 (fr) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-12 The United States Of America, Represented By Th Fibres et produits fibreux obtenus a partir de plumes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITPN20130017A1 (it) 2014-09-29

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