WO2014153876A1 - 光学补偿膜、光学补偿偏光板及液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

光学补偿膜、光学补偿偏光板及液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014153876A1
WO2014153876A1 PCT/CN2013/077916 CN2013077916W WO2014153876A1 WO 2014153876 A1 WO2014153876 A1 WO 2014153876A1 CN 2013077916 W CN2013077916 W CN 2013077916W WO 2014153876 A1 WO2014153876 A1 WO 2014153876A1
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Prior art keywords
optical compensation
liquid crystal
polarizing plate
film
compensation film
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金起满
柳在健
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/361,830 priority Critical patent/US9513422B2/en
Publication of WO2014153876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014153876A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133635—Multifunctional compensators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134372—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for fringe field switching [FFS] where the common electrode is not patterned
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/50—Protective arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/01—Number of plates being 1
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/10—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with refractive index ellipsoid inclined, or tilted, relative to the LC-layer surface O plate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/12—Biaxial compensators

Definitions

  • Optical compensation film, optical compensation polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device Optical compensation film, optical compensation polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to an optical compensation film, an optical compensation polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device. Background technique
  • Liquid crystal displays are widely used in screen displays. According to the initial arrangement of the liquid crystal, the electrode structure and the physical properties of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal display device can be divided into several modes: Twisted Nematic (TN), Vertical Alignment (VA) and In-Plane Conversion ( In-plane switching (IPS), Fringe field switching (FFS), Advanced Super Dimension Switch (ADS), etc.
  • Twisted Nematic TN
  • VA Vertical Alignment
  • IPS In-Plane Conversion
  • FFS Fringe field switching
  • ADS Advanced Super Dimension Switch
  • the LCD has a weak point of view anisotropy and a small range of viewing angles, i.e., the contrast is significantly reduced when viewed away from the direction perpendicular to the display panel. This weakness is more prominent when the current LCD is growing in size and can be viewed by multiple people at the same time. Therefore, in order to improve the viewing angle characteristics of the LCD, various wide viewing angle technologies such as IPS, FFS, ADS, and Multi-domain vertical alignment (MVA) have been proposed, and these techniques can increase the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.
  • IPS IPS
  • FFS FFS
  • ADS Multi-domain vertical alignment
  • the projection axis of the lower polarizing plate, the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate, and the optical axis of the liquid crystal are all in the figure. Point A, so it does not cause dark state light leakage.
  • the projection axis of the lower polarizing plate, the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate, and the optical axis of the liquid crystal are both deflected.
  • the projection axis of the lower polarizer is at the T point
  • the absorption axis of the upper polarizer and the optical axis of the liquid crystal are at the point A.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical compensation film, an optical compensation polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device, which can improve contrast on an inclined surface and expand a viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides an optical compensation film which is a negative biaxial optical anisotropic compensation film.
  • an optical compensation polarizing plate comprising: a first optical compensation film, and a first polarizing film disposed in contact with the first optical compensation film;
  • the in-plane retardation Ro of the first optical compensation film is between 12 nm and 55 nm, and the refractive index ratio NZ is between 1.2 and 8.0, wherein R.
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the refractive index in the X-axis direction on the surface of the optical compensation film
  • ny The refractive index on the surface of the optical compensation film in the direction perpendicular to nx, nz is a refractive index in the thickness direction of the optical compensation film
  • d is a thickness.
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal cell; and a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate respectively disposed on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, and an absorption axis of the first polarizing plate
  • the liquid crystal cell includes an opposite substrate, an array substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the two substrates, the array substrate includes a pixel electrode and a common electrode;
  • the first polarizing plate is The optical compensation polarizing plate described above, wherein a first optical compensation film of the first polarizing plate is disposed facing the opposite substrate side of the liquid crystal cell; an absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and a liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer
  • the initial alignment direction is perpendicular to the slow axis of the first optical compensation film;
  • the second polarizing plate includes an isotropic protective film and a second polarizing film disposed in contact with the isotropic protective film, and the An isotropic protective film is disposed adjacent to the array substrate side
  • 1 is a schematic view of a liquid crystal display on a Bangka ball and viewed in a vertical viewing direction without an optical compensation film in the prior art
  • 2 is a schematic view of a liquid crystal display on a Bangka ball and viewed in a squint direction without an optical compensation film in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical compensation polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. The schematic diagram of the change of the polarization state of the liquid crystal display device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in the case where the polar angle is 60 degrees and the azimuth angle is 45 degrees.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a distribution structure of an omnidirectional transmittance of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing the distribution structure of the omnidirectional transmittance of the liquid crystal display device without the optical compensation film in the prior art.
  • 1-liquid crystal display device 10-optical compensation polarizing plate, 101-first protective film, 102-first optical compensation film, 102a- slow axis of the first optical compensation film, 103-first polarizing film; 20-liquid crystal cell , 201- color film substrate, 202-array substrate, 202a-pixel electrode, 202b-common electrode, 203-liquid crystal layer; 30-first polarizing plate, 301-absorption axis of the first polarizing plate; 40-second polarizing plate , 401 - absorption axis of the second polarizing plate, 402 - second protective film, 403 - isotropic protective film, 404 - second polarizing film; 50 - backlight unit.
  • 10-optical compensation polarizing plate 101-first protective film, 102-first optical compensation film, 102a- slow axis of the first optical compensation film, 103-first polarizing film
  • 20-liquid crystal cell 201- color film substrate, 202-array substrate, 202a-pixel electrode
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical compensation film, which is a negative biaxial optical anisotropic compensation film.
  • the refractive index ratio of the negative biaxial optical anisotropic compensation film is larger than 1, and the refractive index in the X-axis direction is larger than the refractive index in the Y-axis direction, and the refractive index in the z-axis direction is larger than the refractive index in the Z-axis direction.
  • the X-axis and the ⁇ -axis are the two coordinate axes of the Cartesian coordinate system in the plane of the compensation film, wherein the X-axis is the horizontal axis direction and the ⁇ axis is the vertical axis direction.
  • the x-axis is the thickness direction of the optical anisotropy compensation film.
  • the visible range refers to visible light having a wavelength ranging from 380 nm to 780 nm; when NZ > 1 and the refractive index is nx > ny > nz, the optical compensation film is Negative biaxial optical anisotropy compensation film.
  • optical materials can have up to three different refractive indices, which can be classified as isotropic or anisotropic depending on the relationship between these refractive indices. That is, when all three of the refractive indices are equal, the material can be considered to be isotropic; when at least two of all three of the refractive indices are not equal, the material can be considered anisotropic.
  • anisotropy it can be divided into a single-axis type or a double-axis type. That is, when two of the three refractive indices are equal, the material can be considered to be uniaxial; when the three refractive indices are not equal, the material can be considered to be biaxial.
  • the optical compensation film provided by the embodiment of the invention can be obtained by a biaxial stretching method, and the modified polystyrene (PS) or the modified polycarbonate (Polycarbonate, PC) can be selected.
  • PS polystyrene
  • PC modified polycarbonate
  • the optical compensation film can be prepared, and the preparation method thereof can be a commonly used technique in the related art, and details are not described herein again.
  • optical compensation film provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above materials.
  • a negative biaxial optical anisotropic compensation film having a refractive index NZ ratio of between 1.2 nm and 55 nm and having a refractive index NZ ratio of between 1.2 and 8.0 may be used.
  • the compensation film is also referred to as a retardation film.
  • the optical compensation film functions to: change the phase of the transmitted light, thereby canceling the retardation of the liquid crystal molecules to the phase of the light, thereby making the liquid crystal The viewing angle of the display is enlarged.
  • the optical compensation polarizing plate 10 may further include: a first protective film
  • the first protective film 101 is disposed on a side of the first polarizing film 103 away from the first optical compensation film 102.
  • the first polarizing film 103 can be used to provide a polarizing function.
  • the first polarizing film 103 can be prepared, for example, by an iodine-dyed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film and subjected to a stretching treatment to form a polarizing film.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the first polarizing film 103 may also dye the stretched PVA with an iodine atom to form a polarizing film, thereby obtaining a polarizing function.
  • the slow axis of the first optical compensation film 102 is perpendicular to the absorption axis direction of the first polarizing film 103.
  • “Slow axis” is a relatively broad concept here, including the optical axis.
  • the first protective film 101 and the first optical compensation film 102 are disposed on opposite surfaces of the first polarizing film 103, thereby obtaining the optical compensation polarizing plate 10.
  • the first protective film is made The 101 is away from the liquid crystal cell to protect the first optical compensation film 102.
  • the first embodiment does not limit the first embodiment.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical compensation polarizing plate, including a first protective film 101, a first optical compensation film 102, and a first polarizing film disposed between the first protective film and the first optical compensation film. 103.
  • the first optical compensation film is also referred to as a negative biaxial optical anisotropic compensation film having an in-plane retardation R. Between 12 nm and 55 nm, and the refractive index ratio NZ is between 1.2 and 8.0; when the optical compensation polarizing plate including the first optical compensation film is applied to a liquid crystal display device, the contrast of the inclined surface can be improved, thereby expanding the liquid crystal display The angle of view of the device.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a liquid crystal display device.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 is as shown in Fig. 4-
  • the liquid crystal cell 20 includes a color filter substrate 201, an array substrate 202, and a liquid crystal layer 203 between the two substrates.
  • the array substrate 202 includes a pixel electrode 202a and a common electrode 202b.
  • the first polarizing plate 30 is the optical compensation polarizing plate, and the first optical compensation film 102 of the first polarizing plate 30 faces the color film substrate 201 side of the liquid crystal cell 20; the absorption of the first polarizing plate
  • the liquid crystal initial alignment 203a of the shaft 301 and the liquid crystal layer are both perpendicular to the slow axis of the first optical compensation film;
  • the second polarizing plate 40 includes an isotropic protective film 403 and the isotropic protective film
  • the second polarizing film 404 is disposed on the 403, and the isotropic protective film 403 is disposed adjacent to the array substrate 202 side of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the color filter substrate 201 is an example of the opposite substrate; when the color filter structure is formed on the array substrate 202, it is not necessary to form a color film structure on the opposite substrate.
  • the absorption axis 301 of the first polarizing plate is the absorption axis of the first polarizing film 103;
  • the absorption axis 401 of the second polarizing plate is the absorption axis of the second polarizing film 404.
  • the absorption axis 301 of the first polarizing plate, the absorption axis 401 of the second polarizing plate, the slow axis 102a of the first optical compensation film, and the liquid crystal initial discharge direction 203a of the liquid crystal layer are only shown in FIG. For the sake of illustration, it may not be limited to this in practical applications, as long as the above conditions are satisfied and the effect of optical compensation can be achieved.
  • the first polarizing plate 30 includes a first protective film 101, a first optical compensation film 102, and a first one disposed between the protective film 101 and the first optical compensation film 102.
  • Polarizing film 103 The absorption axis 301 of the first polarizing plate is determined by the first polarizing film 103.
  • the first polarizing film 103 can be formed, for example, by dyeing polyvinyl alcohol with iodine and stretching it to form a polarizing film; of course, the first polarizing film 103 can also dye the stretched PVA with iodine to form a polarizing film. , get polarized function.
  • the meaning of these parameters is as described above.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 may further include a second protective film 402; the second protective film 402 is disposed on a side of the second polarizing film 404 away from the isotropic protective film 403.
  • the in-plane retardation of the isotropic protective film 403 of the second polarizing plate 40 is between Onm and 5 nm, and the absolute value of the thickness retardation is less than 10 nm.
  • the absorption axis 401 of the second polarizing plate 40 is determined by the second polarizing film 404, and the second polarizing film 404 can be prepared, for example, by iodine-dyed polyvinyl alcohol and subjected to stretching treatment to form a polarizing film;
  • the second polarizing film 404 may be formed by dyeing the stretched PVA with iodine to form a polarizing film, thereby obtaining a polarizing function.
  • the second polarizing plate 40 includes: a second protective film 402, an isotropic protective film 403, and a second protective film 402 and an isotropic protective film 403.
  • the second polarizing film 404 is disposed, and the isotropic protective film 403 is disposed adjacent to the array substrate 202 of the liquid crystal cell 20. Since the refractive index of the second protective film 402 does not affect the viewing angle, the refractive index parameter of the second protective film 402 is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal cell 20 has a retardation between 360 nm and 400 ⁇ in the visible light wavelength range.
  • the refractive index of the anisotropic ray, no is the radiance of normal light
  • dl is the thickness of the liquid crystal cell 20.
  • the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b disposed on the array substrate 202 may be IPS type or ADS (ADvanced Super Dimension Switch) type setting.
  • Fig. 5 is an example of an electrode structure of an IPS type liquid crystal display device.
  • the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b are disposed in the same layer, and each includes a plurality of electrically connected strip electrodes; the strip electrodes of the pixel electrode 202a and the strip electrodes of the common electrode 202b are spaced apart.
  • the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b may also be disposed in different layers, but the common electrode 202b and the pixel electrode 202a do not overlap in the orthogonal projection direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.
  • Fig. 6 is an example of an electrode structure in an FFS type liquid crystal display device.
  • the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b are disposed in different layers, and the common electrode 202b located in the upper layer is formed as a strip electrode including a plurality of electrical connections, and the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b are vertical.
  • the common electrode 202b may have a slit structure or a comb structure, and the pixel electrode 202a located at the lower layer is formed into a flat plate type.
  • the pixel electrode 202a located in the lower layer may also be a strip electrode including a plurality of electrical connections.
  • the upper layer may also be a pixel electrode and include a plurality of electrically connected strip electrodes
  • the lower layer may also be a common electrode, and may be formed into a flat type or a strip electrode including a plurality of electrically connected strip electrodes.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of the electrode structure shown also using an ADS type liquid crystal display device.
  • the electric field generated by the edge of the slit electrode in the same plane and the electric field generated between the slit electrode layer and the plate electrode layer form a multi-dimensional electric field, so that all the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell can be rotated between the slit electrodes and directly above the electrode. , thereby improving the working efficiency of the liquid crystal and increasing the light transmission efficiency.
  • ADS technology can improve the picture quality of LCD products, and has the advantages of high resolution, high transmittance, low power consumption, wide viewing angle, high aperture ratio, low chromatic aberration, and no push mura. In the middle, a wider viewing angle can be achieved.
  • the same layer arrangement is for at least two patterns; at least two patterns of the same layer arrangement mean that at least two patterns are formed by the same film by a patterning process.
  • the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b disposed in the same layer as described above mean: the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b formed by the patterning process from the same transparent conductive film.
  • the pixel electrode 202a refers to an electrode connected to a data line through a switching unit (for example, may be a thin film transistor), and the common electrode 202b refers to an electrode connected to a common electrode line.
  • the different layer settings are also for at least two patterns, and the at least two patterns of different layer settings mean that at least two films are respectively formed into at least two patterns by a patterning process.
  • the different layer arrangement for the two patterns means that a pattern is formed by each of the two films by a patterning process.
  • the upper layer electrode and the lower layer electrode disposed in different layers refer to: forming a lower layer electrode by a patterning process from the first layer of the transparent conductive film, and forming an upper layer electrode by a patterning process from the second layer of the transparent conductive film.
  • the upper layer and the lower layer are defined in accordance with the order in which the manufacturing process is performed; the lower layer refers to the layer which is previously formed, and the upper layer refers to the layer which is completed later. It should be noted that which of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is a common electrode and which is a pixel electrode is related to its connection relationship. If the upper (lower) electrode and the data line are connected to the data line through the switching unit, the upper (lower) electrode serves as a pixel electrode, and if the upper (lower) electrode and the common electrode line are connected, the upper (lower) electrode serves as a common electrode. In Fig. 6, the upper layer electrode is used as the common electrode 202b, and the lower layer electrode is taken as the pixel electrode 202a as an example.
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 may further include a backlight unit 50, and the backlight unit 50 is disposed adjacent to the second polarizing plate 40.
  • FIG. 7 is only illustrated by the different layers of the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the pixel electrode 202a and the common electrode 202b may be disposed in the same layer.
  • the second polarizing plate 40 when the light emitted from the backlight unit 50 reaches the second polarizing plate 40 without considering the viewing angle problem and the optical compensation film, for example, referring to FIG. 8, if the second polarizing plate is The absorption axis 401 is in the vertical direction, and the light deviation by the second polarizing plate 40 is horizontal. In the case where no voltage is applied, the direction of the absorption axis 301 of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis 401 of the second polarizing plate are not applied.
  • the direction is perpendicular, that is, the direction of the absorption axis 301 of the first polarizing plate is horizontal in this case, so that the horizontal polarized light reaching the first polarizing plate 301 is absorbed by the first polarizing plate 30, thereby exhibiting a "dark" state.
  • the horizontal polarized light passing through the second polarizing plate 40 reaches the first polarizing plate 30 in a vertical direction after passing through the liquid crystal cell 20, since the absorption axis 301 of the first polarizing plate is horizontal, that is, The transmission axis of the first polarizing plate is in a vertical direction, thereby exhibiting a "bright" state.
  • the omnidirectional maximum transmittance satisfies the compensation of 0.36% or less in the direction of the inclined surface (the polar angle is 60 degrees and the azimuth angle is 45 degrees).
  • the effect of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to an embodiment, and the simulation has been carried out using the LCD optical simulation program to confirm the effect of the wide viewing angle.
  • the transmittance of the transmission axis with wavelength is TD ( ⁇ )
  • the transmittance of the absorption axis with wavelength is ⁇ ( ⁇ )
  • T TD K ⁇ S( ) y ⁇ ) ⁇ ) ⁇
  • S ( ) is the light source language, usually the C light source, which is the compensation value defined in JIS Z8701:1999.
  • the liquid crystal display device having the first optical compensation film provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a good contrast at an azimuth angle of 45 degrees, and the monomer transmittance thereof can also reach 42.5%.
  • the in-plane retardation of the isotropic protective film 40 of the second polarizing plate 40 is Onm and the thickness retardation is Onm, and the in-plane retardation of the first optical compensation film 102 of the first polarizing plate 30
  • the case is 12 nm, and the refractive index ratio is 8; on the Bangka ball, the polar angle is 60 degrees, and the polarization state of the azimuth angle is 45 degrees.
  • the polarization state of the second polarizing plate 40 is shown in FIG.
  • the distribution of the omnidirectional transmittance of the liquid crystal display device 1 will be described below without adding an optical compensation film.
  • Fig. 11 it can be seen that the range of the black portion in the middle is significantly narrower than in Fig. 10. According to the prior art, the wider the middle black portion is, the wider the viewing angle is.
  • the in-plane retardation of the isotropic protective film 40 of the second polarizing plate 40 is Onm, and the thickness retardation is Onm, and the first optical compensation film 102 of the first polarizing plate 30 is in-plane.
  • the delay is 12 nm, and the refractive index ratio is 8 for example.
  • the polar angle is 60 degrees, and the polarization state change with the azimuth angle of 45 degrees can also achieve the effect similar to that of FIG. The rate is also similar to that of Figure 10.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the embodiment can also realize a wider viewing angle, that is, the change perceived by the human eye is 0.36% or more, and when the maximum transmittance is less than 0.36%, the human eye is not perceived. It can solve the problem of light leakage that can be recognized by the human eye, improve the contrast and improve the display quality.
  • the in-plane retardation R is provided on the liquid crystal display device. At 12nm to
  • An optical compensation film between 55 nm and having a refractive index ratio of NZ of 1.2 to 8.0 can improve the contrast on the inclined surface, thereby further expanding the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device. Further, since the second polarizing plate is composed of a three-layer film in the first polarizing plate, the liquid crystal display device can be made lighter and thinner.

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Abstract

一种光学补偿膜、光学补偿偏光板及液晶显示装置。该液晶显示装置包括液晶单元以及设置在液晶单元两侧的第一偏光板和第二偏光板，第一偏光板与第二偏光板的吸收轴垂直；液晶单元包括对置基板、阵列基板以及位于两基板间的液晶层，阵列基板包括像素电极和公共电极；第一偏光板包括第一光学补偿膜，第一光学补偿膜面向液晶单元设置；第一偏光板的吸收轴和液晶层的液晶初始排向均与第一光学补偿膜的慢轴垂直；所述第二偏光板包括各向同性保护膜，所述各向同性保护膜靠近所述液晶单元的所述阵列基板侧设置。该液晶显示装置改善了在倾斜面上的对比度，扩展了视角。

Description

光学补偿膜、 光学补偿偏光板及液晶显示装置 技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及一种光学补偿膜、光学补偿偏光板及液晶显示装置。 背景技术
液晶显示器 (LCD)被广泛应用于画面显示中。 根据液晶的初始排列、 电 极结构及液晶的物理性质，液晶显示装置可分为几个模式：扭曲向歹l ( Twisted Nematic, TN )，垂直 4非列 ( Vertical Alignment, VA ) 及平面内转换 ( In-plane switching, IPS ) , 边缘场切换（ Fringe field switching, FFS ) 、 高级超维场 转换技术 (ADvanced Super Dimension Switch, ADS)等。
LCD有视角各向异性和视角范围小的弱点， 即， 在离开垂直于显示板方 向观察时， 对比度明显下降。 在当前 LCD 向大尺寸发展并能同时共多人观 看的情况下， 这个弱点较为突出。 因而， 为了改善 LCD 的视角特性， 提出 了多种宽视角技术， 例如 IPS、 FFS、 ADS、 多区域垂直排列 （Multi-domain vertical alignment, MVA )等， 这些技术都能增大液晶显示器的视角。
例如， 对于不加光学补偿膜的液晶显示器来说， 当在垂直视角方向观看 时， 如图 1所示， 下偏光板的投射轴、 上偏光板的吸收轴及液晶的光轴均在 图中的 A点， 因此不会造成暗态漏光。
然而， 当在斜视方向观看时， 下偏光板的投射轴、 上偏光板的吸收轴及 液晶的光轴均发生偏转。 例如， 以极角为 60度， 方位角为 45度为例， 如图 2所示， 下偏光板的投射轴在 T点位置， 上偏光板的吸收轴及液晶的光轴均 在 A点所在的位置处， 因此由下偏光板进入的光在 T点， 经过液晶作用后到 达如箭头方向所指的 B点位置处， 导致不能被上偏光板的吸收轴完全吸收， 由此造成漏光。 这导致倾斜面对比度差， 从而严重影响了 LCD的显示质量。 发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种光学补偿膜、光学补偿偏光板及液晶显示装置， 可在倾斜面改善对比度， 扩展液晶显示装置的视角。 本发明的一方面提供了一种光学补偿膜， 所述光学补偿膜为负双轴光学 各向异性补偿膜。
进一步地， 例如， 在可视光波长范围内， 所述光学补偿膜的面内延迟 Ro 在 12nm至 55nm之间，且折射率比 NZ为 1.2至 8.0之间，其中， R。= ( nx-ny ) xd , ΝΖ= ( ηχ-ηζ ) /(nx-ny) , 且 ηχ > ny > ηζ; ΉΧ为在所述光学补偿膜表面上 的 X轴方向上的折射率， ny在所述光学补偿膜表面上与 nx垂直方向上的折 射率， nz为在所述光学补偿膜厚度方向上的折射率， d为厚度。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种光学补偿偏光板， 包括： 第一光学补偿膜、 以及与所述第一光学补偿膜贴合设置的第一偏光膜； 在可视光波长范围内， 所述第一光学补偿膜的面内延迟 Ro在 12nm至 55nm之间， 且折射率比 NZ 为 1.2至 8.0之间， 其中， R。= ( nx-ny ) d , ΝΖ= ( ηχ-ηζ ) /(nx-ny) , 且 ηχ > ny > nz; ηχ为在所述光学补偿膜表面上的 X轴方向上的折射率， ny在所 述光学补偿膜表面上与 nx垂直方向上的折射率， nz为在所述光学补偿膜厚 度方向上的折射率， d为厚度。
本发明的再一方面提供了一种液晶显示装置， 包括： 液晶单元， 以及分 别设置在所述液晶单元两侧的第一偏光板和第二偏光板， 且所述第一偏光板 的吸收轴与所述第二偏光板的吸收轴垂直； 所述液晶单元包括对置基板、 阵 列基板以及位于两基板间的液晶层，所述阵列基板包括像素电极和公共电极； 所述第一偏光板为上述的光学补偿偏光板， 且所述第一偏光板的第一光学补 偿膜面向所述液晶单元的所述对置基板侧设置； 所述第一偏光板的吸收轴和 所述液晶层的液晶初始排向均与所述第一光学补偿膜的慢轴垂直； 所述第二 偏光板包括各向同性保护膜以及与所述各向同性保护膜贴合设置的第二偏光 膜， 且所述各向同性保护膜靠近所述液晶单元的所述阵列基板侧设置。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案， 下面将对实施例的附图作 筒单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例， 而非对本发明的限制。
图 1为现有技术中在邦加球上且在垂直视角方向观看不加光学补偿膜的 液晶显示器的示意图； 图 2为现有技术中在邦加球上且在斜视方向观看不加光学补偿膜的液晶 显示器的示意图；
图 3为本发明实施例提供的一种光学补偿偏光板的结构示意图； 图 4-8为本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示装置的结构示意图一至五； 图 9为在邦加球上， 极角为 60度， 方位角为 45度倾斜方向观看本发明 实施例提供的液晶显示装置的偏光状态变化的示意图；
图 10 为本发明实施例提供的液晶显示装置的全方位透过率的分布结构 示意图；
图 11 为现有技术中不加光学补偿膜的液晶显示装置的全方位透过率的 分布结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-液晶显示装置； 10-光学补偿偏光板， 101-第一保护膜， 102-第一光学 补偿膜， 102a-第一光学补偿膜的慢轴， 103-第一偏光膜； 20-液晶单元， 201- 彩膜基板， 202-阵列基板， 202a-像素电极， 202b-公共电极， 203-液晶层； 30- 第一偏光板， 301-第一偏光板的吸收轴； 40-第二偏光板， 401-第二偏光板的 吸收轴， 402-第二保护膜， 403-各向同性保护膜， 404-第二偏光膜； 50-背光 单元。 具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合本发 明实施例的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述。显然， 所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于所描 述的本发明的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获 得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另作定义， 此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领 域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。 本发明专利申请说明书以及权 利要求书中使用的 "第一" 、 "第二" 以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、 数量或者重要性， 而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。 同样， "一个" 、 "一" 或者 "该"等类似词语也不表示数量限制， 而是表示存在至少一个。 "包括" 或者 "包含" 等类似的词语意指出现在该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在 该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同， 并不排除其他元件或者物件。 "连 接" 或者 "相连" 等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接， 而是可 以包括电性的连接， 不管是直接的还是间接的。 "上" 、 "下" 、 "左" 、 "右" 等仅用于表示相对位置关系， 当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后， 则该 相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
本发明实施例提供了一种光学补偿膜， 所述光学补偿膜为负双轴光学各 向异性补偿膜。
负双轴光学各向异性补偿膜的折射率比大于 1 , 其在 X轴方向上的折射 率大于 Y轴方向上的折射率，Υ轴方向上的折射率大于 Z轴方向上的折射率。 X轴和 Υ轴为该补偿膜平面中直角坐标系的两个坐标轴，其中 X轴为横轴方 向， Υ轴为纵轴方向。 Ζ轴为所述光学各向异性补偿膜的厚度方向。
进一步地， 例如， 所述光学补偿膜在可视光波长范围内， 其面内延迟 Ro 在 12nm至 55nm之间，且其折射率 NZ 比为 1.2至 8.0之间，其中， R。=( nx-ny ) xd , ΝΖ= ( ηχ-ηζ ) /(nx-ny) , 且 nx > ny > nz; ηχ为在所述光学补偿膜表面上 的 X轴方向上的折射率， ny在所述光学补偿膜表面上与 nx垂直方向上的折 射率， nz为在所述光学补偿膜厚度方向上的折射率， d为厚度。
需要说明的是， 所述可视范围在本发明实施例中， 指波长为 380nm ~ 780nm范围的可视光； 当 NZ > 1且折射率为 nx > ny > nz时， 该光学补偿膜 即为负双轴光学各向异性补偿膜。
通常， 光学材料可以具有多达三种不同的折射率， 根据这些折射率之间 的关系可以被分类为各向同性或各向异性。 即， 当所有这三种折射率都相等 时， 可以认为这种材料为各向同性的； 当所有这三种折射率中至少两个不相 等时， 可以认为这种材料为各向异性的。 此外， 对于各向异性， 又可分为单 轴型或双轴型。 即， 当三个折射率中有两个相等时， 可以认为这种材料为单 轴型； 当三个折射率都不相等时， 可以认为这种材料为双轴型。
进一步地，例如，该光学补偿膜厚度方向的延迟可用 Rth表示，且 Rth=[(nx + ny) / 2 - nz] xd。 在此情况下， 上述折射率比 ΝΖ= ( ηχ-ηζ ) /(nx-ny)可由 Ro= ( nx-ny ) d和 Rth=[(nx + ny) / 2 - nz] d推导， 得到 NZ=Rth/ Ro + 0.5。
本发明实施例提供的光学补偿膜可通过双轴延伸的方法制得， 其可选用 改性聚苯乙烯（Polystyrene, PS )或改性聚碳酸酯（Polycarbonate , PC )等 来制备该光学补偿膜， 其制备方法可以为相关领域常用的技术， 在此不再赘 述。
需要说明的是， 本发明实施例提供的光学补偿膜并不限于由以上材料
PS、 PC制成，只要能满足上述 R。在 12nm至 55nm之间，且其折射率 NZ 比 为 1.2至 8.0之间的负双轴光学各向异性补偿膜均可。
在本发明实施例中， 补偿膜又称为延迟膜， 当用于液晶显示装置时， 该 光学补偿膜的作用为： 改变传输的光线相位， 从而抵消液晶分子对光线相位 的延迟， 进而使液晶显示器的视角扩大。
本发明实施例提供了一种光学补偿偏光板， 如图 3所示， 该光学补偿偏 光板 10包括第一光学补偿膜 102以及与所述第一光学补偿膜 102贴合设置的 第一偏光膜 103 ; 在可视光波长范围内， 所述第一光学补偿膜 102的面内延 迟 Ro在 12nm至 55nm之间， 且折射率比 NZ为 1.2至 8.0之间， 其中， Ro= ( nx-ny ) xd , ΝΖ= ( ηχ-ηζ ) /(nx-ny) , 且 ηχ > ny > ηζ; 各标 i己的含义^口上 所述。
优选的， 如图 3所示， 所述光学补偿偏光板 10还可以包括： 第一保护膜
101 ;所述第一保护膜 101设置于所述第一偏光膜 103的远离所述第一光学补 偿膜 102—侧。
第一偏光膜 103可用以提供偏光功能。 第一偏光膜 103例如可以用碘染 色聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol, PVA )膜制备并进行拉伸处理， 从而形成偏 振薄膜。 当然， 该第一偏光膜 103也可以是将拉伸的 PVA用碘原子染色， 从而形成偏振薄膜， 获得偏光功能。
进一步地， 第一光学补偿膜 102的慢轴与第一偏光膜 103的吸收轴方向 垂直。
"慢轴" 在这里是一个相对广泛的概念， 它包括光轴。 在一般情况下， A板、 C板的光轴和慢轴是相同的； 当光轴为膜的面内方向时称为 A板， 且 在此情况下 nx > ny=nz; 当光轴垂直于膜的面时， 称为 C板， 且在此情况下 nx=ny > nz„
将所述第一保护膜 101和所述第一光学补偿膜 102设置在所述第一偏光 膜 103的相对表面上， 从而得到所述光学补偿偏光板 10。
当所述光学补偿偏光板 10应用于液晶显示装置时， 使所述第一保护膜 101远离液晶单元设置， 起到保护所述第一光学补偿膜 102的作用； 对于所 述第一保护膜 101 , 由于其折射率不影响视角， 因此在本发明实施例中并不 限制所述第一保护膜 101的折射率参数。
本发明实施例提供了一种光学补偿偏光板， 包括第一保护膜 101、 第一 光学补偿膜 102、 及设置于该第一保护膜和所述第一光学补偿膜之间的第一 偏光膜 103。 这里， 该第一光学补偿膜又称为负双轴光学各向异性补偿膜， 其面内延迟 R。在 12nm至 55nm之间， 且折射率比 NZ为 1.2至 8.0之间； 当 包含该第一光学补偿膜的光学补偿偏光板应用于液晶显示装置时， 可改善倾 斜面对比度， 从而扩展了液晶显示装置的视角。
本发明实施例提供了一种液晶显示装置。 该液晶显示装置 1 , 如图 4-图
6所示， 包括： 液晶单元 20以及分别设置在液晶单元 20两侧的第一偏光板 30和第二偏光板 40, 第一偏光板的吸收轴 301 与第二偏光板的吸收轴 401 垂直。 例如， 液晶单元 20包括彩膜基板 201、 阵列基板 202以及位于两基板 间的液晶层 203。 例如， 阵列基板 202包括像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b。 进一步的， 第一偏光板 30为上述光学补偿偏光板， 且所述第一偏光板 30的 第一光学补偿膜 102面向液晶单元 20的彩膜基板 201侧设置；所述第一偏光 板的吸收轴 301和所述液晶层的液晶初始排向 203a均与所述第一光学补偿膜 的慢轴垂直；所述第二偏光板 40包括各向同性保护膜 403以及与所述各向同 性保护膜 403贴合设置的第二偏光膜 404, 且所述各向同性保护膜 403靠近 所述液晶单元的所述阵列基板 202侧设置。
这里彩膜基板 201是对置基板的一个示例； 当阵列基板 202上形成有彩 膜结构时， 对置基板上就无需再形成彩膜结构。
此处， 第一偏光板的吸收轴 301 , 即为第一偏光膜 103的吸收轴； 第二 偏光板的吸收轴 401 , 即为第二偏光膜 404的吸收轴。
需要说明的是， 在附图 4中绘示的第一偏光板的吸收轴 301、 第二偏光 板的吸收轴 401、 第一光学补偿膜的慢轴 102a、 液晶层的液晶初始排向 203a 仅为示意， 在实际应用中可以不限于此， 只要满足上述条件， 并能达到光学 补偿的效果即可。
优选的， 例如， 所述第一偏光板 30包括第一保护膜 101、 第一光学补偿 膜 102、 以及设置于所述保护膜 101和所述第一光学补偿膜 102之间的第一 偏光膜 103。 所述第一偏光板的吸收轴 301由所述第一偏光膜 103确定。 第 一偏光膜 103例如可以通过用碘染色聚乙烯醇， 并将其拉伸， 从而形成偏振 薄膜； 当然， 该第一偏光膜 103也可以是将拉伸的 PVA用碘染色， 从而形 成偏振薄膜， 获得偏光功能。
在 380nm ~ 780nm可视光波长范围内， 所述第一光学补偿膜 102的面内 延迟 R。在 12nm至 55nm之间，且折射率比 NZ为 1.2至 8.0之间，其中， Ro= ( nx-ny ) χά , ΝΖ= ( ηχ-ηζ ) /(nx-ny) , 且 ηχ > ny > ηζ; 这些参数的含义如 上所述。
优选的， 例如， 所述液晶显示装置 1还可以包括第二保护膜 402; 所述 第二保护膜 402设置于所述第二偏光膜 404的远离所述各向同性保护膜 403 一侧。
优选的，例如，所述第二偏光板 40的所述各向同性保护膜 403的面内延 迟为 Onm至 5nm之间， 厚度延迟的绝对值为小于 10nm。
所述第二偏光板 40的吸收轴 401由所述第二偏光膜 404确定，所述第二 偏光膜 404例如可以用碘染色聚乙烯醇制备并进行拉伸处理， 从而形成偏振 薄膜； 当然， 该第二偏光膜 404也可以是将拉伸的所述 PVA用碘染色， 从 而形成偏振薄膜， 获得偏光功能。
在本发明实施例中， 优选的， 例如， 所述第二偏光板 40包括： 第二保护 膜 402、各向同性保护膜 403、以及设置于第二保护膜 402和各向同性保护膜 403之间的第二偏光膜 404 , 且各向同性保护膜 403靠近所述液晶单元 20的 阵列基板 202设置。 由于第二保护膜 402的折射率不影响视角， 因此在本发 明实施例中并不限制所述第二保护膜 402的折射率参数。
优选的， 例如， 所述液晶单元 20在可视光波长范围， 延迟为 360nm至 400匪之间。
示例的， 以基准波长 590nm的可视光为例， 其在液晶单元 20的延迟可 用如下公式进行表示， 即， A n x dl=(ne-no)xdl , 可用 Anxdl表示延迟； 其 中， ne为液晶的异向光线的折射率， no为正常光线的射设率， dl为液晶单 元 20的厚度。 在本发明实施例中， 优选的可将所述液晶单元 20的延迟设为 360nm至 400nm之间。
此外， 设置于阵列基板 202上的像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b可以是 IPS型或 ADS ( ADvanced Super Dimension Switch, 高级超维场转换技术）型 设置。
图 5为一种 IPS型液晶显示装置的电极结构的示例。像素电极 202a和公 共电极 202b同层设置， 且均包含多个电连接的条形电极； 像素电极 202a的 条形电极和公共电极 202b的条形电极间隔设置。
另外， 像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b也可以为不同层设置， 但公共电 极 202b与像素电极 202a在垂直于基板表面的正投影方向上没有交叠。
图 6为一种 FFS型液晶显示装置中的电极结构的示例。 如图 6所示， 所 述像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b 为不同层设置， 且位于上层的公共电极 202b做成包含多个电连接的条形电极， 此时像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b 在垂直于基板表面的正投影方向上存在交叠部分。此时，公共电极 202b可含 有狭缝的结构或梳状结构， 位于下层的像素电极 202a做成平板型。但， 本发 明实施例并不限于此，位于下层的像素电极 202a也可以为包含多个电连接的 条形电极。 此外， 位于上层的也可为像素电极， 并包含多个电连接的条形电 极， 位于下层的也可为公共电极， 并做成平板型或做成包含多个电连接的条 形电极的结构。 需要说明的是， 所有附图中仅绘示出与本发明有关的部分， 对于其他部分没有标识。
图 6为所示的电极结构的示例也使用 ADS型液晶显示装置。 通过同一 平面内狭缝电极边缘所产生的电场以及狭缝电极层与板状电极层间产生的电 场形成多维电场， 使液晶盒内狭缝电极间、 电极正上方所有取向液晶分子都 能够产生旋转， 从而提高了液晶工作效率并增大了透光效率。 ADS技术可以 提高 LCD产品的画面品质， 具有高分辨率、 高透过率、 低功耗、 宽视角、 高开口率、 低色差、 无挤压水波纹（push Mura )等优点，应用于本发明中， 可实现更宽的视角。
在本发明所有实施例中， 同层设置是针对至少两种图案而言的； 至少两 种图案同层设置是指： 将同一薄膜通过构图工艺形成至少两种图案。 例如， 上述同层设置的像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b是指： 由同一透明导电薄膜 通过构图工艺形成的像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b。像素电极 202a是指通 过开关单元（例如，可以是薄膜晶体管）与数据线连接的电极，公共电极 202b 是指和公共电极线连接的电极。 在本发明所有实施例中， 不同层设置也是针对至少两种图案而言的， 至 少两种图案不同层设置是指， 分别将至少两层薄膜通过构图工艺形成至少两 种图案。 对于两种图案不同层设置是指， 通过构图工艺， 由两层薄膜各形成 一种图案。 例如， 不同层设置的上层电极和下层电极是指： 由第一层透明导 电薄膜通过构图工艺形成下层电极， 由第二层透明导电薄膜通过构图工艺形 成上层电极。
在本发明所有实施例中， 上层、 下层是按照制作工艺中的先后顺序而定 义的； 下层是指在先制作完成的层， 上层是指在后制作完成的层。 需要说明 的是， 上层电极和下层电极中哪个作为公共电极、 哪个作为像素电极， 与其 连接关系有关。 若上层（下层） 电极和数据线通过开关单元和数据线相连， 则上层（下层）电极作为像素电极， 若上层（下层）电极和公共电极线连接， 则上层（下层）电极作为公共电极。 图 6中是以上层电极作为公共电极 202b, 下层电极作为像素电极 202a为例。
进一步地， 如图 7或图 8所示， 所述液晶显示装置 1还可以包括背光单 元 50, 且背光单元 50靠近第二偏光板 40设置。
需要说明的是， 上述附图 7仅以像素电极 202a和公共电极 202b不同层 设置进行示意， 但本发明实施例并不限于此， 例如， 像素电极 202a和公共电 极 202b可以同层设置。
本发明实施例的液晶显示装置 1 , 在不考虑视角问题以及光学补偿膜作 用的情况下， 当背光单元 50发出的光到达第二偏光板 40时， 例如参照图 8, 若第二偏光板的吸收轴 401为垂直方向，则通过第二偏光板 40的光偏为水平， 在不施加电压的情况下， 由于第一偏光板的吸收轴 301的方向与所述第二偏 光板的吸收轴 401的方向垂直， 即此时所述第一偏光板的吸收轴 301的方向 为水平方向，使得到达第一偏光板 301的水平偏光被第一偏光板 30吸收， 由 此呈现 "暗" 态。
在施加电压的情况下， 通过第二偏光板 40 的水平偏光在经过液晶单元 20后， 呈垂直方向到达第一偏光板 30, 由于所述第一偏光板的吸收轴 301 为水平方向， 即所述第一偏光板的透过轴为垂直方向， 由此呈现 "明" 态。
本发明实施例提供的液晶显示装置， 在倾斜面（极角为 60度， 方位角为 45度）方向上， 全方位最大透过率满足 0.36%以下的补偿。 下面以一个实施例具体对本发明的效果做详细的说明， 且已用 LCD 光 学模拟程序中进行了模拟， 确认了广视角的效果。
殳， 随波长的透过轴的透过率为 TD (λ) , 随波长的吸收轴的透过率 为 Μϋ (λ) , 则视感偏光度和视感单体透过率满足以下公式：
Τ -Τ
ATD L M
视感偏光度 ν ro 视感单体透过率 2
780
TTD =K^ S( ) y {λ)ΎΌ{λ)άλ
其中， 380
780
κ
380
100
κ
Figure imgf000012_0001
； S ( )为光源光语， 通常为 C光源， 为 JISZ8701:1999中所定义的补偿值。
通过计算可以得出， 在 380nm~780nm 的可视光范围内， 其偏光度为 99.99%, 单体透过率为 42.5%。 由现有技术可知， 视感偏光度越高其对比度 越高。 因此， 本发明实施例提供的具有第一光学补偿膜的液晶显示装置在方 位角为 45度时， 对比度较好， 而且其单体透过率也可达到 42.5%。
此外， 以可视光 590nm为例， 第二偏光板 40的各向同性保护膜 40的面 内延迟为 Onm且厚度延迟为 Onm, 第一偏光板 30的第一光学补偿膜 102的 面内延迟为 12nm, 且折射率比为 8为例； 在邦加球上， 极角为 60度， 方位 角为 45度倾斜方向的偏光状态变化如图 9所示， 第二偏光板 40的透过轴在 T点位置处， 当背光单元 50的光经第二偏光板 40、 液晶层 203到达第一偏 光板 30时， 到达图中的 B点位置处， 在经过所述面内延迟为 12nm, 且折射 率比为 8的第一光学补偿膜 102后，到达图中的 A点，并到达第一偏光膜 103 , 正好和所述第一偏光板的吸收轴 301, 即第一偏光膜 103的吸收轴一致， 因 此没有漏光。 进一步地， 如图 10所示， 从其全方位透过率的分布图可知， 中 间黑色部分范围变宽， 则可知该液晶显示装置可以实现更宽视角。
为了说明图 10中显示了视角变宽，下面以该液晶显示装置 1不加光学补 偿膜时， 其全方位透过率的分布进行对比说明。如图 11所示， 可以看出相对 于图 10, 中间黑色部分范围明显较窄。 根据现有技术可知， 中间黑色部分范 围越宽， 视角则越宽。
另外， 以可视光 590nm为例， 第二偏光板 40的各向同性保护膜 40的面 内延迟为 Onm, 且厚度延迟为 Onm, 第一偏光板 30的第一光学补偿膜 102 的面内延迟为 12nm, 且折射率比为 8为例， 在邦加球上， 极角为 60度， 方 位角为 45度倾斜方向的偏光状态变化也可达到类似图 9的效果，且全方位透 过率也与图 10类似。 由此可知，此时该实施例的液晶显示装置也可以实现更 宽视角， 即人眼能感觉到的变化在 0.36%以上， 最大透过率低于 0.36%时人 目艮是感觉不到， 从而可以解决人眼可识别的漏光问题， 并提高对比度， 提高 显示质量。
通过上述可知，通过在液晶显示装置上设置具有面内延迟 R。在 12nm至
55nm之间， 且折射率比 NZ为 1.2至 8.0之间的光学补偿膜， 可在倾斜面上 改善对比度， 从而能进一步的扩展了该液晶显示装置的视角。 此外， 由于在 第一偏光板， 第二偏光板都由三层膜构成， 可使该液晶显示装置实现更轻薄 化。
以上所述仅是本发明的示范性实施方式， 而非用于限制本发明的保护范 围， 本发明的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种光学补偿膜， 所述光学补偿膜为负双轴光学各向异性补偿膜。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的光学补偿膜， 其中， 在可视光波长范围内， 所 述光学补偿膜的面内延迟 Ro在 12nm至 55nm之间， 且折射率比 NZ在 1.2 至 8.0之间；
其中, Ro= ( nx-ny ) xd, NZ= ( nx-nz ) /(nx-ny), JL nx > ny > nz; nx为 在所述光学补偿膜表面上的 X轴方向上的折射率， ny在所述光学补偿膜表面 上与 nx垂直方向上的折射率， nz为在所述光学补偿膜厚度方向上的折射率， d为厚度。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的光学补偿膜， 其中， 所述光学补偿膜的材 质包括： 改性聚苯乙烯 PS或改性聚碳酸酯 PC。
4、 一种光学补偿偏光板， 包括：
第一光学补偿膜以及与所述第一光学补偿膜贴合设置的第一偏光膜； 其中，在可视光波长范围内，所述第一光学补偿膜的面内延迟 Ro在 12nm 至 55nm之间， 且折射率比 NZ在 1.2至 8.0之间， R。= ( nx-ny ) d , ΝΖ= ( nx-nz ) /(nx-ny) , JL nx > ny > ηζ;
其中， nx为在所述光学补偿膜表面上的 X轴方向上的折射率， ny在所 述光学补偿膜表面上与 nx垂直方向上的折射率， nz为在所述光学补偿膜厚 度方向上的折射率， d为厚度。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的光学补偿偏光板， 其中， 所述第一光学补偿膜 的慢轴与所述第一偏光膜的吸收轴方向垂直。
6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的光学补偿偏光板， 还包括： 第一保护膜； 其中， 所述第一保护膜设置于所述第一偏光膜的远离所述第一光学补偿 膜一侧。
7、一种液晶显示装置， 包括液晶单元以及分别设置在所述液晶单元两侧 的第一偏光板和第二偏光板， 所述第一偏光板的吸收轴与所述第二偏光板的 吸收轴垂直；
其中， 所述液晶单元包括对置基板、 阵列基板以及位于两基板间的液晶 层， 所述阵列基板包括像素电极和公共电极； 所述第一偏光板为权利要求 4至 6任一项所述的光学补偿偏光板， 且所 述第一偏光板的第一光学补偿膜面向所述液晶单元的所述对置基板侧设置； 所述第一偏光板的吸收轴和所述液晶层的液晶初始排向均与所述第一光 学补偿膜的慢轴垂直；
所述第二偏光板包括各向同性保护膜以及与所述各向同性保护膜贴合设 置的第二偏光膜， 且所述各向同性保护膜靠近所述液晶单元的所述阵列基板 侧设置。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的液晶显示装置， 其中， 所述液晶显示装置还包 括第二保护膜； 所述第二保护膜设置于所述第二偏光膜的远离所述各向同性 保护膜一侧。
9、根据权利要求 7所述的液晶显示装置， 其中， 所述各向同性保护膜的 面内延迟为 Onm至 5nm之间， 厚度延迟的绝对值为小于 10nm。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的液晶显示装置， 其中， 所述液晶单元在可视 光波长范围的延迟为 360nm至 400nm之间。
11、根据权利要求 7至 10任一项所述的液晶显示装置，还包括： 背光单 元， 其中， 所述背光单元靠近所述第二偏光板设置。
PCT/CN2013/077916 2013-03-25 2013-06-25 光学补偿膜、光学补偿偏光板及液晶显示装置 Ceased WO2014153876A1 (zh)

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