WO2014146565A1 - 混合夹层结构、加强件及其加工方法 - Google Patents

混合夹层结构、加强件及其加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014146565A1
WO2014146565A1 PCT/CN2014/073587 CN2014073587W WO2014146565A1 WO 2014146565 A1 WO2014146565 A1 WO 2014146565A1 CN 2014073587 W CN2014073587 W CN 2014073587W WO 2014146565 A1 WO2014146565 A1 WO 2014146565A1
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Prior art keywords
sandwich structure
core
reinforcing member
hybrid
skin
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PCT/CN2014/073587
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
鹿志兴
吕珍霞
唐欣欣
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空客(北京)工程技术中心有限公司
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Publication of WO2014146565A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014146565A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/70Completely encapsulating inserts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hybrid sandwich mechanism, and more particularly to a hybrid sandwich mechanism having a reinforcing member and a processing method thereof, and to a reinforcing member for the hybrid sandwich structure, the plate member using the mixed sandwich structure , such as flight control components.
  • the sandwich structure is not only widely used in the aerospace field, such as aircraft spoilers, speed reducers, rudders, elevators, etc., but is also increasingly used in other industrial fields such as automobiles, ships, mechanical platforms and the like.
  • the sandwich structure is an assembly of at least two skins separated by a core.
  • the core acts as a spacer between the skins to increase the thickness of the sheet and the associated bending stiffness.
  • the hard skin carries the load in the plane while the core carries the transverse shear load.
  • the core transverse shear strength standard is critical for the dimensional design of the interlayer. In the prior art solutions, the transverse shear strength of the elongated sandwich structure is generally poor.
  • the two dimensional design criteria constitute a criterion for determining the strength of the sandwich core.
  • the sandwich core shear stress consists of two components: a component ⁇ ⁇ in the warp direction (L or X) and another component T yz in the lateral direction (W or y).
  • the present invention employs a hybrid sandwich structure in which a reinforcing member, such as a Z-shaped (Z-beam) reinforcing member, is added to the core of the sandwich structure to improve the lateral strength with only a small increase in weight.
  • a reinforcing member such as a Z-shaped (Z-beam) reinforcing member
  • a hybrid sandwich structure comprising at least two layers of skin and a core between the skins.
  • a reinforcing member is provided in the core.
  • the reinforcement member is provided with an upper portion and a lower portion and an intermediate portion extending through the core portion and joined to the core portion.
  • the upper portion is substantially parallel to the upper skin of the at least two skins and is bonded to the upper skin and the core.
  • the lower portion is substantially parallel to the lower skin of the at least two skins and is bonded to the lower skin and the core.
  • the upper portion, the lower portion and the intermediate portion may be formed as a single piece.
  • the stiffener may be a Z-shaped beam or a beam having a shape that is twisted opposite the Z-shape.
  • the upper portion and the lower portion may be opposite directions with respect to the intermediate portion Extending, the intermediate portion and the upper and lower portions may be disposed at an angle.
  • the intermediate portion and the upper and lower portions may be disposed to be substantially perpendicular.
  • the reinforcement member can be a polymer based composite article.
  • the reinforcing member may be made of a carbon fiber woven fabric, a glass fiber woven fabric or a hybrid fiber woven fabric.
  • the hybrid fiber woven fabric may be formed by a combination of carbon fiber and glass fiber.
  • a reinforcing member for the above-described hybrid sandwich structure is provided.
  • a plate member which can include the hybrid sandwich structure described above.
  • an aircraft flight control component is provided, which may include the hybrid sandwich structure described above.
  • the flight control components may be spoilers, retarders, rudders, and hoistways.
  • a method of manufacturing the above-described hybrid sandwich structure comprising the steps of: separately curing and forming the reinforcing member by a vacuum bag forming process or a resin transfer molding process; Mixing the carbon fiber prepreg of the upper skin in the sandwich structure, bonding the core material constituting the core and the reinforcing member to the laid upper skin, and continuing to lay on the core material and the reinforcing member a carbon fiber prepreg of the lower skin, the carbon fiber prepreg, the core material, the reinforcing member and the carbon fiber prepreg constituting the lower skin which are laid on the upper skin are placed in a hot press In the can, it is cured by a vacuum bag.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a plate member employing a hybrid sandwich structure in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a hybrid sandwich structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a hybrid sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention taken along line A-A of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a plate member using a hybrid sandwich structure 1 according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the hybrid sandwich structure in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention taken along line A-A of Figure 1.
  • the hybrid sandwich structure 1 of the present invention is an assembly of at least two skins 2, 3 separated by a core 4, the core 4 acting as a spacer between the skins 2, 3.
  • the hybrid sandwich structure 1 further includes a stiffener 5 disposed in the core 4 of the hybrid sandwich structure 1, such as a Z-beam (see Figures 2 and 3), an I-beam or an X-beam.
  • the Z-beam may also be in the opposite shape to the Z-beam (see Figure 3).
  • the reinforcement member can be placed at a core that requires a connection relationship with other components.
  • the reinforcing member 5 may be bonded to the core 4 and the upper skin 2 and the lower skin 3 of the at least two skins by other methods such as bonding or press molding.
  • the stiffener 5 is provided with an upper portion 6 and a lower portion 7 and an intermediate portion 8 extending through the core portion 4 and joined to the core portion 4.
  • the upper portion 6 is substantially parallel to the upper skin 2 of the at least two skins and is combined with the upper skin 2 and the core 4, the lower portion 7 being substantially parallel to the at least two skins
  • the lower skin 3 is combined with the lower skin 3 and the core 4.
  • the upper portion 6, the lower portion 7 and the intermediate portion 8 may be formed as a single piece.
  • the reinforcing member is, for example, a vacuum bag former The art or resin transfer molding process is separately cured and formed, all of which are well known in the art and will not be described herein.
  • the reinforcement member is a polymer based composite article.
  • the reinforcing member is preferably made of a carbon fiber woven fabric, a glass fiber woven fabric or a hybrid fiber woven fabric (combined of carbon fiber and glass fiber).
  • the upper portion 6 and the lower portion 7 are preferably arranged to extend in opposite directions with respect to the intermediate portion 8, the intermediate portion 8 and The upper portion 6 and the lower portion 7 can be disposed at an angle (e.g., substantially at right angles).
  • the hybrid sandwich structure of the present invention can be co-cured by a vacuum bag, and the method comprises the following steps: the reinforcing member is separately cured by a vacuum bag forming process or a resin transfer molding process, and the upper skin of the mixed sandwich structure is laid. a carbon fiber prepreg, the core material constituting the core and the reinforcing member are bonded to the laid upper skin, and the carbon fiber prepreg of the lower skin is continuously laid on the core material and the reinforcing member The carbon fiber prepreg, the core material, the reinforcing member and the lower skin carbon fiber prepreg of the laid upper skin are placed in an autoclave and solidified by a vacuum bag.
  • the safety factor RFmin of the plate member using the prior art solution is about 0.61
  • the safety factor RFmin of the plate member using the Z-beam of the present invention is about 1.01.
  • the following table is a comparative analysis of the weight of a plate member using a conventional sandwich structure and a plate member using the hybrid sandwich structure of the present invention.
  • the hybrid sandwich structure of the present invention With the hybrid sandwich structure of the present invention, the total weight of the plate member is increased by about 0.3744 kg and the weight loss is about 1.42% as compared with the plate member having the ordinary sandwich structure.
  • the hybrid sandwich structure of the present invention satisfies the transverse shear strength requirements of the plate member and has a small weight loss.
  • the reinforcing member of the present invention may have an I shape or an X shape in addition to the Z shape, and is included in the scope of the present invention as long as the shape of the reinforcing member satisfies the transverse shear strength requirement of the sandwich member.
  • the hybrid sandwich structure of the present invention can be applied not only to aircraft flight control components, such as aircraft spoilers, speed reducers, rudders, elevators, etc., but also to, for example, airplanes, automobiles, ships, mechanical platforms, furniture interiors, displays. Larger forces in exhibitions and other industries require locally strengthened components.
  • such a hybrid sandwich structure is novel and has several advantages over the prior art.
  • the transverse shear strength of the core is improved, and the safety factor RFcs of the core shear strength of the same portion of the plate member is increased from about 0.61 to about 1.01 compared with the prior art.
  • the core shear strength requirement is increased and the reinforcement is less affected by the weight of the hybrid sandwich structure.
  • the hybrid sandwich structure can be fabricated using existing manufacturing equipment and processes at a lower cost and is easy to implement.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

一种混合夹层结构,包括至少两层蒙皮和位于所述蒙皮之间的芯部(4),在所述芯部(4)中设置有加强件(5)。所述加强件(5)设置有上部(6)和下部(7)以及延伸通过所述芯部(4)并与所述芯部(4)结合的中间部分(8),所述上部(6)平行于所述至少两个蒙皮中的上蒙皮(2)并与所述上蒙皮(2)以及芯部(4)结合,所述下部(7)平行于所述至少两个蒙皮中的下蒙皮(3)并与所述下蒙皮(3)以及芯部(4)结合,所述上部(6)、所述下部(7)和所述中间部分(8)形成为单体件,所述混合夹层结构可用于制造板式构件和飞机飞行控制部件。

Description

混合夹层结构、 加强件及其加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合夹层机构, 更具体地, 涉及一种具有加 强件的混合夹层机构及其加工方法, 本发明还涉及用于该混合夹 层结构的加强件, 采用该混合夹层结构的板式构件, 例如飞行控 制部件等。 背景技术
目前, 夹层结构不仅广泛应用于航空航天领域, 例如飞机的 扰流板、 减速板、 方向舵、 升降舵等中, 而且越来越多地用于其 他工业领域如汽车、 船舶、 机械平台等行业。 夹层结构是由芯部 分离的至少两个蒙皮构成的组件。芯部用作在蒙皮之间的间隔件, 以提高板厚度和相关的弯曲刚性。 在夹层结构中, 硬的蒙皮承载 平面内栽荷, 而芯部承载横向剪切载荷。 芯部横向剪切强度标准 对于夹层的尺寸设计是关键的。 在现有技术方案中, 狭长的夹层 结构的横向剪切强度通常较差。
由于主要由芯部承受外部施加的平面外载荷, 因此两个尺寸 设计标准构成判断夹层芯部强度的标准。 一般来讲, 夹层芯部剪 切应力由两个分量构成: 在经向方向 (L或 X ) 上的一个分量 τχζ 和在横向方向 (W或 y ) 上的另一个分量 Tyz。 采用正交相互作用 标准, 则得到以下 RF方程:
Figure imgf000003_0001
在现有技术中, 为了改进夹层结构的剪切强度, 本领域技术 人员曾经尝试对蒙皮和蜂巢的结构进行改进。 申请人尝试增大蒙 皮的厚度和芯部的密度, 并且对支架装配进行改进, 采用蜂巢密 度为 150kg/m3,上蒙皮厚度从大约 2mm增大到大约 8mm,下蒙皮 厚度从大约 2mm增大到大约 6mm,在 70.9°C下初始设计值具有 20 %裕度的情况下, 芯部剪切安全系数 RFcs最大能达到 0.94,在 根据芯部高度而采用折剪系数 KDF=0.65的情况下, RFcs = 0.61。 试验结果表明, 无论蒙皮的厚度和蜂巢的密度如何增大, 均不能 使芯部的剪切强度达到安全标准, 并且会使夹层结构的重量增加 比较多。 发明内容
本发明采用一种混合夹层结构, 在夹层结构的芯部中添加加 强件, 例如 Z形构造(Z形梁) 的加强件, 从而在重量仅有少量 增加的情况下用于改进横向强度。 通过在芯部中设置加强件, 能 够改进夹层结构的径向方向的刚性, 改进芯部剪切强度, 并且夹 层结构的重量增加很小。
根据本发明的一个方面, 提供一种混合夹层结构, 所述混合 夹层结构包括至少两层蒙皮和位于所述蒙皮之间的芯部。 在所述 芯部中设置有加强件。 所述加强件设置有上部和下部以及延伸通 过所述芯部并与所述芯部结合的中间部分。 所述上部大体上平行 于所述至少两个蒙皮中的上蒙皮并与所述上蒙皮以及芯部结合。 所述下部大体上平行于所述至少两个蒙皮中的下蒙皮并与所述下 蒙皮以及芯部结合。 所述上部、 所述下部和所述中间部分可以形 成为单体件。
所述加强件可以是呈 Z形的梁或者呈与 Z形扭向相反的形状 的梁。 所述上部和所述下部相对于所述中间部分可以沿相反方向 延伸, 所述中间部分与所述上部和下部可以成角度设置。
所述中间部分与所述上部和下部可以设置成大体上相垂直。 所述加强件可以是一种聚合物基复合材料制件。 所述加强件 可以由碳纤维编织布、玻璃纤维编织布或者混杂纤维编织布制成。
所述混杂纤维编织布可以由碳纤维和玻璃纤维共同编制而 成。
根据本发明的另一方面, 提供一种用于上述混合夹层结构的 加强件。
根据本发明的另一方面, 提供一种板式构件, 该板式构件可 以包括以上所述的混合夹层结构。
根据本发明的另一方面, 提供一种飞机飞行控制部件, 该飞 机飞行控制部件可以包括以上所述的混合夹层结构。
所述飞行控制部件可以为扰流板、 减速板、 方向舵以及升降 航。
根据本发明的又一方面, 提供一种制造上述混合夹层结构的 方法, 其中, 所述方法包括以下步骤: 通过真空袋成型工艺或者 树脂传递模塑工艺使所述加强件单独固化成型, 铺设构成混合夹 层结构中的上蒙皮的碳纤维预浸料, 将构成芯部的芯材以及所述 加强件结合在铺好的上蒙皮上, 在所述芯材和所述加强件上继续 铺设构成所述下蒙皮的碳纤维预浸料, 把铺设好的构成上蒙皮的 碳纤维预浸料、 所述芯材、 所述加强件和构成所述下蒙皮的碳纤 维预浸料放入热压罐中, 通过真空袋固化成型。
可以理解, 关于本发明的一个方面描述的特征可以并入到本 发明的其它方面。 例如, 本发明的方法可以并入关于本发明的装 置描述的特征中的任何一个特征。 附图说明 以下通过附图所示的实施方式更详细地说明本发明的实施 例。
图 1示出了采用根据本发明的混合夹层结构的板式构件的示 意透视图;
图 2示出了沿图 1中的线 A-A截取的根据本发明的一个实施 例的混合夹层结构的剖视图;
图 3示出了沿图 1中的线 A-A截取的根据本发明的另一实施 例的混合夹层结构的剖视图。 具体实施方式
图 1示出了采用根据本发明的混合夹层结构 1的板式构件的 示意透视图。 图 2示出了沿图 1中的线 A-A截取的根据本发明的 一个实施例的混合夹层结构的剖视图。 参考图 1和图 2, 本发明 的混合夹层结构 1是由芯部 4分离的至少两个蒙皮 2、 3构成的组 件, 芯部 4用作在蒙皮 2、 3之间的间隔件, 以提高板厚度和相关 的弯曲刚性。 该混合夹层结构 1还包括设置在混合夹层结构 1的 芯部 4中的加强件 5, 例如 Z形梁(参见图 2和 3 )、 I形梁或 X 形梁。所述 Z形梁也可以呈与 Z形梁扭向相反的形状(参见图 3 )。 该加强件可以设置在需要与其它部件存在连接关系的芯部处。 可 以利用例如粘合或者压制成型等其他方法使该加强件 5与芯部 4 以及所述至少两个蒙皮中的上蒙皮 2和下蒙皮 3结合。
所述加强件 5设置有上部 6和下部 7以及延伸通过所述芯部 4并与所述芯部 4结合的中间部分 8。所述上部 6大体上平行于所 述至少两个蒙皮中的上蒙皮 2并与所述上蒙皮 2以及芯部 4结合, 所述下部 7大体上平行于所述至少两个蒙皮中的下蒙皮 3并与所 述下蒙皮 3以及芯部 4结合。 所述上部 6、 所述下部 7和所述中 间部分 8可以形成为单体件。 所述加强件例如采用真空袋成型工 艺或者树脂传递模塑工艺单独固化成型, 这些制造工艺均为本领 域技术人员熟知的现有技术, 在本文中不再进行阐述。 所述加强 件是一种聚合物基复合材料制件。 所述加强件优选由碳纤维编织 布、 玻璃纤维编织布或者混杂纤维编织布(由碳纤维和玻璃纤维 共同编制而成)制成。
在本发明的第一实施例和第二实施例中, 参考图 2和 3, 所 述上部 6和下部 7优选设置为相对于所述中间部分 8沿相反方向 延伸, 所述中间部分 8与所述上部 6和下部 7可以成角度(例如 大体上为直角)设置。
本发明的混合夹层结构可以采用真空袋共同固化成型, 该方 法包括以下步骤: 通过真空袋成型工艺或者树脂传递模塑工艺使 所述加强件单独固化成型, 铺设混合夹层结构中的上蒙皮的碳纤 维预浸料, 将构成芯部的芯材和所述加强件结合在铺好的上蒙皮 上, 在所述芯材和所述加强件上继续铺设所述下蒙皮的碳纤维预 浸料, 把铺设好的上蒙皮的碳纤维预浸料、 所述芯材、 所述加强 件和所述下蒙皮的碳纤维预浸料放入热压罐中, 通过真空袋固化 成型。
发明人对采用现有技术方案的板式构件和采用 Z形梁加强件 的板式构件分别进行了仿真实验。 采用现有技术方案的板式构件 的安全系数 RFmin大约为 0.61, 而采用本发明的 Z形梁的板式 构件的安全系数 RFmin大约为 1.01。
下表是采用普通夹层结构的板式构件和采用本发明的混合夹 层结构的板式构件的重量对比分析。 型号 ID 总重量( kg ) 差( kg ) 重量损失 采用普通夹层结构的板式构件 26.2485 0 0 采用混合夹层结构的板式构件 26.6229 0.3744 1.42% 与采用普通夹层结构的板式构件相比, 采用本发明的混合夹 层结构, 板式构件的总重量增加大约 0.3744kg, 重量损失为大约 1.42%。 从以上实验结果可以看出, 本发明的混合夹层结构满足 板式构件的横向剪切强度要求并且重量损失很小。
本发明的加强件除了可以为 Z形外, 还可以呈 I形或 X形, 只要加强件的形状能满足夹层构件的横向剪切强度要求, 均包含 在本发明的范围内。
本发明的混合夹层结构不仅可应用于飞机飞行控制部件, 例 如飞机的扰流板、 减速板、 方向舵、 升降舵等, 而且也可应用在 例如飞机、 汽车、 船舶、 机械平台、 家俱内饰、 展示展览等行业 中的受力较大需要局部加强的构件中。
总体来讲, 这种混合夹层结构是新颖的并且通过与现有技术 相比具有多个优点。 采用本发明的混合夹层结构, 改进了芯部的 横向剪切强度, 与现有技术相比, 板式构件的同一部位的芯部剪 切强度的安全系数 RFcs从大约 0.61增大到大约 1.01, 满足了芯 部剪切强度要求, 并且增加该加强件对混合夹层结构的重量影响 较小。 另外, 该混合夹层结构可以采用现有的制造设备和工艺制 造, 成本较低且容易实现。
尽管通过示例并参照特定实施例对本发明进行了描述, 但可 以理解, 本发明不限于说明书中所列举的实施方式, 在不背离所 附权利要求的范围的情况下可对上述实施方式进行修改和 /或改 进。
如果在以上描述中引用的整体或元件具有已知等价物, 则这 种等价物在此也并入本文。 附图标记列表
1 混合夹层结构
2 上蒙皮
3 下蒙皮
4 芯部
5 加强件
6 上部

Claims

1. 一种混合夹层结构, 所述混合夹层结构包括至少两层蒙皮 和位于所述蒙皮之间的芯部, 在所述芯部中设置有加强件, 其特 征在于, 所述加强件设置有上部和下部以及延伸通过所述芯部并 与所述芯部结合的中间部分, 所述上部大体上平行于所述至少两 个蒙皮中的上蒙皮并与所述上蒙皮以及芯部结合, 所述下部大体 上平行于所述至少两个蒙皮中的下蒙皮并与所述下蒙皮以及芯部 结合, 所述上部、 所述下部和所述中间部分形成为单体件。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的混合夹层结构, 其中, 所述加强件 为 Z形梁或者呈与 Z形梁扭向相反的形状,所述上部和所述下部 相对于所述中间部分沿相反方向延伸, 所述中间部分与所述上部 和下部成角度设置。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的混合夹层结构, 其中, 所述中间部 分与所述上部和下部大体上相垂直。
4. 根据权利要求 1 - 3中任一项所述的混合夹层结构, 其中, 所述加强件是一种聚合物基复合材料制件。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的混合夹层结构, 其中, 所述加强件 由碳纤维编织布、 玻璃纤维编织布或者混杂纤维编织布制成。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的混合夹层结构, 其中, 所述混杂纤 维编织布由碳纤维和玻璃纤维共同编制而成。
7. 一种用于权利要求 1-6 中任一项所述的混合夹层结构的加 强件。
8. 一种板式构件,该板式构件包括如权利要求 1 - 6中任一项 所述的混合夹层结构。
9. 一种飞机飞行控制部件, 该飞机飞行控制部件包括如权利 要求 1-6中任一项所述的混合夹层结构。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的飞行控制部件,所述飞行控制部件 为扰流板、 减速板、 方向舵以及升降舵。
11. 一种制造如权利要求 1-6中任一项所述的混合夹层结构的 方法, 其中, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过真空袋成型工艺或者树脂传递模塑工艺使所述加强件单 独固化成型,
铺设构成混合夹层结构中的上蒙皮的碳纤维预浸料, 将构成芯部的芯材以及所述加强件结合在铺好的上蒙皮上, 在所述芯材和所述加强件上继续铺设构成所述下蒙皮的碳纤 维预浸料,
把铺设好的构成上蒙皮的碳纤维预浸料、 所述芯材、 所述加 强件和构成所述下蒙皮的碳纤维预浸料放入热压罐中, 通过真空 袋固化成型。
PCT/CN2014/073587 2013-03-18 2014-03-18 混合夹层结构、加强件及其加工方法 WO2014146565A1 (zh)

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