WO2014140687A1 - Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014140687A1
WO2014140687A1 PCT/IB2013/051918 IB2013051918W WO2014140687A1 WO 2014140687 A1 WO2014140687 A1 WO 2014140687A1 IB 2013051918 W IB2013051918 W IB 2013051918W WO 2014140687 A1 WO2014140687 A1 WO 2014140687A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
value
ignition
flame
burner
values
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/051918
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bruno Giordano
Lorenzo Bicego
Franco Giacon
Nicola Trevisanato
Original Assignee
Idea S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Idea S.P.A. filed Critical Idea S.P.A.
Priority to EP13731491.0A priority Critical patent/EP2971964B1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB2013/051918 priority patent/WO2014140687A1/fr
Publication of WO2014140687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014140687A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/28—Ignition circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner for use in applications in which there is combustion.
  • the present invention is employed in atmospheric or premix burners.
  • the fuel is in a gas or liquid form and is fed to the burner through a supply pipe.
  • a possible use of the burner according to this invention is in the field of heating boilers.
  • an on-off and regulating device preferably a valve which regulates the fuel feed flow
  • control unit connected to the on-off and regulating device and to the comburent feed means and designed to control these devices;
  • the comburent feed means comprise a fan which feeds air.
  • the comburent preferably comprises air, but could comprise any other type of comburent.
  • control unit is principally that of ensuring non-toxic combustion, that is, combustion which does not produce exhaust gases, such as carbon monoxide, which are harmful to human health.
  • the control system uses an ionization current curve where the curve is defined as a function of the excess air index. It should be noted that the excess air index is widely defined as the ratio between the quantity of comburent air and the quantity of fuel and is indicated with the symbol I (lambda).
  • the ionization curve is created based on laboratory tests on the burner in a step preceding the installation of the burner at the premises of the final user.
  • the ionization current value can be measured (using the measurement instrumentation) during the operation of the burner and then compared with a preset threshold value (on the control unit) in such a way as to control the combustion.
  • the ionization current curve is substantially bell-shaped and there are therefore two different values for one ionization current value.
  • one of the values is for an excess air index greater than 1 (combustion without harmful gases) while the other is the value for an excess air index less than 1 (combustion with generation of harmful gases).
  • this control method consists of periodically running a test routine during boiler operation to check if the excess air index value is greater than or less than 1. More specifically, the check routine involves increasing or decreasing the flow of comburent air or fuel and then measuring the corresponding variation of the flame ionization current to check if this increases or decreases; this makes it possible to obtain the curve slope and as a result the operating condition of the burner. For example, this routine involves regulating the ventilation means in such a way as to reduce the air flow and, as a result, the excess air index.
  • the reduction corresponds to a reduction of the ionization current value, this means that the burner is generating harmful gases. If, on the other hand, the reduction of the air flow corresponds to an increase of the ionization current value, this means that the burner is operating in the "good" zone (i.e. in the zone where harmful gases are not generated).
  • this control method requires a lengthy procedure for calibrating the flame ionization current detector in relation to the geometry of the burner in order to construct the flame ionization current curve which will then be used for the check routine.
  • the efficiency of this method is influenced by the ageing and/or deterioration of the detector and of the components, by the length of the discharge tubes, and by the presence of elements that obstruct the discharge tube which modify the actual trend of the ionization current curve with respect to the theoretical trend (normally calculated in a laboratory) and based on which the check is performed.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner which overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner which are capable of adapting the combustion parameters of the burner as a function of the characteristic features of the system and of the components used.
  • An additional purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner which take into consideration any variations over time of variable combustion parameters.
  • a further purpose of this invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner which adapts itself to the variations over time of the combustion parameters.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device for controlling the combustion of a burner fitted in a boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the method for controlling the burner according to the present invention.
  • the method for controlling the combustion of a burner 1 comprises at least a step for igniting the burner 1.
  • the step for igniting the burner 1 in turn comprises a first sub-step of feeding a predetermined quantity of comburent to the burner 1.
  • the predetermined quantity of comburent is fed to the burner 1 by means of comburent feed means 2.
  • the comburent is preferably air and the comburent feed means 2 comprise a fan 14.
  • the step of feeding a predetermined quantity of comburent to the burner 1 comprises switching on the comburent feed means 2 and at least keeping these switched on for a predetermined period of initial time (also called pre-ventilating time) before feeding fuel to the burner 1 in such a way as to clean the air space surrounding the burner 1.
  • a predetermined period of initial time also called pre-ventilating time
  • the predetermined initial time varies as a function of the characteristic features of the combustion chamber in which the burner is inserted.
  • the predetermined initial time is usually specified by the manufacturer of the equipment in which the burner is used.
  • the step of igniting the burner 1 in turn comprises a second sub-step in which the means for igniting the flame 4 during the next step are activated. These igniting means are designed to light the flame 4 on the burner 1.
  • the method comprises monitoring and controlling of the energy of the igniting means in order to optimize the lighting.
  • the igniting means comprises a system (of known type and not part of this invention) for generating a spark.
  • the energy of the igniting means is controlled by acting on the main characteristics of frequency, voltage and duration of the spark.
  • the ignition of the burner 1 comprises a third sub-step which comprises feeding a fuel to the burner 1 through a fuel supply pipe 3.
  • the step of feeding the fuel is implemented by increasing the flow of the fuel starting with a predetermined starting value.
  • the predetermined starting value of feeding the fuel is equal to zero.
  • the fuel flow is increased until the flame 4 is triggered in such a way as to ignite the burner 1. At this point, it is possible to switch off the flame 4 ignition means.
  • the method comprises a step implemented once the fuel has been ignited of testing if fuel flow ignition value, which caused the ignition of the burner 1 , falls within a range of reference values.
  • the testing step in turn comprises two sub-steps: - a first sub-step which comprises checking if the flow ignition value falls within a range of historical reference values;
  • the first sub-step comprises comparing the flow ignition value with the flow ignition values saved in a memory register 5 used for saving fuel parameters during the previous ignition steps.
  • This first sub-step comprises the following operations:
  • the step of checking if the flow ignition value falls within the interval of historical values comprises the sub-step of generating a warning signal 6, 7 if the fuel flow ignition value is outside the interval of historical values.
  • the sub-step of comparing the flow ignition value with the interval of theoretical values is implemented following the sub- step of comparing the flow ignition value with the historical flow ignition values.
  • the range of reference values comprises the interval of historical reference values and the interval of theoretical reference values.
  • the method comprises checking if the flow ignition value falls within a range of reference values provided by an algorithm for calculating fuel flow based on the history of the previous ignitions and on theoretical parameters.
  • the method comprises saving the fuel flow value in a memory register 5 used for saving fuel parameters and substantially keeping the fuel flow equal to the flow ignition value for at least a subsequent period of combustion time.
  • the method comprises saving the fuel flow ignition value (measured or calculated) which caused the ignition of the burner 1 , in a memory register 5 used for saving fuel parameters.
  • the method also comprises saving, in the memory register 5 used for saving fuel parameters, the following values:
  • the method comprises checking, following the ignition of the fuel, if each of the abovementioned values falls within a respective range of reference values in the same way as the flow ignition value.
  • the burner 1 is switched off in such a way as to complete an operating cycle of the burner.
  • the operation of the burner 1 comprises a plurality of consecutive ignitions (each upstream of a respective cycle) of the burner 1 based on the need for heat requested by a user.
  • the sub-step of comparing the flow ignition value with the flow ignition values saved in the memory register 5 used for saving fuel parameters during the previous ignition steps comprises:
  • an interval of historical reference values as a percentage of the average value added to and subtracted from the average value (the range of reference values comprising the interval of historical reference values); - comparing the flow ignition value with the predetermined interval of historical reference values in such a way as to check if the flow ignition value falls within the interval of historical values.
  • the predetermined percentage value is added to and subtracted from the average value calculated in such a way as to define an interval of historical values within which the fuel flow ignition value must fall.
  • the method comprises generating a warning signal 6, 7.
  • the step of determining the range of values comprises determining a first sub-interval of historical values and a second sub- interval of historical values which is greater than the first.
  • the first sub-interval of historical values is calculated based on a greater percentage (of the average of the flow ignition values saved in the memory register 5 used for saving fuel parameters of the fuel) than the percentage based on which the second sub-interval of historical values is calculated.
  • the sub-step of generating the warning signal comprises generating a first warning signal 6 if the fuel flow ignition value is outside the first range and of generating a second warning signal 7 if the fuel flow ignition value is outside the second range.
  • the generation of the first warning signal 6 may comprise a step of resetting the burner 1 because the current flow ignition value is still not yet far enough away from the average of the fuel flow ignition values saved in the memory register 5 used for saving fuel parameters of the fuel.
  • the step of increasing the fuel flow until the flame 4 is ignited comprises a first sub-step of detecting the presence of the flame 4 using detection means 8 located at the position of the flame 4.
  • the step of increasing the fuel flow comprises a second sub-step of transmitting the information relating to the presence of flame 4 to a control unit 12 controlling the fuel flow to keep the flow ignition value fixed.
  • the control unit is connected to on-off and regulating means 9 (preferably a regulator valve) controlling the quantity of fuel flowing in the related supply pipe 3 to reach the burner 1.
  • the detection means 8 are designed to detect a combustion value representing combustion quality.
  • the combustion value is defined by the flame 4 ionization current.
  • the detection means detect the flame ionization current value.
  • the combustion value is defined by the flame ionization current and/or by other parameters representing combustion quality.
  • the parameters representing combustion quality are: the temperature of the flame and/or the composition of its light emission spectrum and/or the composition of the ionized plasma and/or the residual combustion products.
  • the method comprises a step of comparing the combustion value detected with the historical flame 4 values saved in a memory register 10 used for saving flame values during the previous lighting steps, in such a way as to check if the combustion value falls within an interval of reference values the same way as for the fuel flow ignition value.
  • the method comprises a subsequent step of saving the combustion value detected in a memory register 10 for saving flame values of the current if the combustion value falls within the interval of historical reference values.
  • the step of comparing the combustion value detected with the flame ionization values saved in the memory register 10 for saving flame values comprises the sub-steps of:
  • the step of checking if the flame ionization current value falls within an interval of historical flame values comprises the sub-step of generating a warning signal if the flame ionization current value is outside the interval historical flame values.
  • the method comprises checking if the combustion value falls within an interval of theoretical flame values as a function of the characteristic features of the burner, of the fuel and of the comburent.
  • the method comprises a step of calculating a theoretical curve 11 representing the combustion value as a function of the excess air index value.
  • the calculation step is performed in a laboratory before the installation of the burner 1 at the premises of the final user.
  • the method comprises a step of detecting the theoretical flame value on the theoretical curve 11 corresponding to the fuel flow ignition value which caused the ignition of the burner 1.
  • the combustion value detected by the detection means 8 is compared with an interval of theoretical values as a function of the theoretical flame value on the theoretical curve 11 corresponding to the fuel flow ignition value. Furthermore, the interval of theoretical values is determined as a percentage of the theoretical flame value added to and subtracted from the theoretical flame value.
  • the method comprises a step of generating a correction signal 13 if the combustion value departs from the interval of theoretical values.
  • This correction signal 13 represents the difference between the theoretical value and the flame value detected for a predetermined quantity of fuel.
  • the step of comparing the combustion value detected with a theoretical curve representing the theoretical combustion value is performed after a period of stabilization of the flame. In effect, to perform the comparison (between the ionization current value and the theoretical curve), the measured ionization current value, which is detected after the stabilization period, must be available.
  • the method comprises a correction step (implemented after the step of comparing the ionization current value with the theoretical curve representing the ionization current value) which comprises modifying the fuel flow to the burner as a function of the contents of the correction signal 13 generated.
  • a correction step (implemented after the step of comparing the ionization current value with the theoretical curve representing the ionization current value) which comprises modifying the fuel flow to the burner as a function of the contents of the correction signal 13 generated.
  • range of powers means the plurality of fuel flow values corresponding to the different requests for heat by the user.
  • Figure 1 shows a graph of the trend of the theoretical curve 11 representing the ionization current value as a function of the excess air index value.
  • the implementation of the method according to this invention comprises directly or indirectly measuring a group of values (flame signal, fuel flow, comburent flow) defining a vector of values and comparing them with respective historical values saved in the historical memory registers to check the consistency of said values measured with the history of the ignitions, and with respective theoretical values. Following this comparison, the method comprises correcting the values measured where necessary.
  • a group of values flame signal, fuel flow, comburent flow
  • a further part of this invention is a device for controlling the combustion of a burner 1 for implementing the method according to claim 1.
  • This device comprises:
  • on-off and regulating means 9 mounted along the supply pipe 3 for regulating the fuel flow.
  • on-off and regulating means 9 comprise a regulator valve
  • the comburent comprises air and the feed means 2 comprise a fan 14; - flame 4 ignition means connected during use with the burner 1 ;
  • - detection means 8 for detecting the presence of a flame 4 connected to the burner 1 to detect the presence of flame 4;
  • control unit 12 connected to the on-off and regulating means 9, to the flame 4 ignition means, to the comburent feed means 2 and to the detection means 8.
  • the detection means 8 for detecting the flame 4 comprise a probe with an electrode (of known type) for detecting the flame 4 ionization current.
  • control unit 12 is designed to perform the steps of the control method as described herein.
  • control unit 12 is designed to:
  • FIG. 2 shows the device according to the present invention. It should be noted that the control unit 12 is designed to manage saving the excess air index and fuel flow ignition values in the respective memory registers 5, 10.
  • control unit 12 comprises a first sub-unit 12a and a second sub-unit 12b.
  • the first sub-unit 12a is designed to control the on- off and regulating means 9 (valve) and to control the comburent feed means 2 (fan 14).
  • the second sub-unit 12b is designed to receive the results of the comparisons between the fuel flow ignition value and the historical flow ignition values saved in the memory register 5. Moreover, the second sub- unit 12b is designed to compare the fuel flow ignition value with the respective predetermined theoretical values. Thus, the second sub-unit 12b is designed to transmit the correction signal to the first sub-unit 12a if the control of the fuel and/or comburent flow must be corrected.
  • This invention fulfils the purposes outlined above.
  • this invention ensures igniting the burner at an excess air index greater than 1 and thereby prevents operation in the zone for generating harmful gases.
  • ignition occurs during the gradual increase of the fuel flow which allows decreasing the excess air index value by a theoretically infinite value towards the part of the curve with an excess air index greater than one and representing the ionization current.
  • this method takes advantage of the natural principle of lighting the flame when the ratio between air and fuel is optimal. Thus, the flame is always lit at the part of the ionization current curve for which the excess air index value is greater than 1.
  • Figure 1 indicates, by way of example, a possible ignition point PA of the burner along the ionization current curve.
  • ignition occurs with a variable quantity of fuel as a function of the actual conditions of the burner and of the variations over time of the combustion parameters. For example, the ageing of the burner will result in ignition with a greater or lesser fuel flow value with respect to the historic one.
  • the control of the burner 1 is seif-adaptive as a function of the changes influencing combustion.
  • the device checks, in any case, the fuel flow ignition values and the flame ionization current values detected with a range predetermined by the historical ignition values and with an operating margin calculated with reference to the predetermined theoretical laboratory values in such a way as to be able to modify, where necessary, the fuel flow as a function of a correction factor detected.
  • this invention enables identification and learning of the characteristic features of the burner and of the components used and adapts the combustion parameters accordingly.
  • this invention provides a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner which automatically recognize the type of comburent in use and adapt the combustion parameters accordingly. In effect, once the fuel flow, comburent flow and flame values are measured, it is possible to deduce the type of fuel used by the burner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour commander la combustion d'un brûleur (1), comprenant au moins une étape consistant à allumer le brûleur (1) et comprenant les sous-étapes suivantes : — l'alimentation d'une quantité prédéfinie de comburant au brûleur (1) ; — l'activation d'un moyen d'allumage de flamme (4) ; — l'alimentation d'un combustible au brûleur (1) en augmentant le débit du combustible en démarrant avec une valeur de départ prédéfinie jusqu'à ce que la flamme (4) soit allumée ; — le test servant à déterminer si la valeur d'allumage de débit de combustible, qui allume le brûleur (1), tombe dans une plage de valeurs de référence ; — si la valeur d'allumage de débit de combustible tombe dans la plage de valeurs de référence, l'enregistrement de cette valeur d'écoulement de combustible dans un registre mémoire (5) utilisé pour enregistrer les paramètres de combustible et le maintien sensible du débit de combustible égal à la valeur d'allumage de débit pendant au moins une période de temps de combustion après allumage.
PCT/IB2013/051918 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur WO2014140687A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13731491.0A EP2971964B1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur
PCT/IB2013/051918 WO2014140687A1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2013/051918 WO2014140687A1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014140687A1 true WO2014140687A1 (fr) 2014-09-18

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PCT/IB2013/051918 WO2014140687A1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3163169A1 (fr) * 2015-10-29 2017-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Appareil de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage
EP3184894A1 (fr) 2015-12-23 2017-06-28 Idea S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif de contrôle d'allumage et de combustion d'un brûleur

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018114355A1 (de) 2018-06-15 2019-12-19 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners
DE102020114044A1 (de) 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Fehlern beim Zünden eines Brenners mit einem Gebläse für die Zufuhr von Luft und einem Brennstoffventil

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19744008A1 (de) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-02 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Starten eines Gasbrenners
DE19820192A1 (de) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-26 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zur Zündung eines gasbeheizten Brenners
US5924859A (en) 1995-10-25 1999-07-20 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co.Kg Process and circuit for controlling a gas burner
DE102006006964A1 (de) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-23 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zum Starten einer Feuerungseinrichtung bei unbekannten Rahmenbedingungen
WO2011117896A1 (fr) 2010-03-24 2011-09-29 Bertelli & Partners S.R.L. Procédé et dispositif pour commander une chaudière atmosphérique comportant une chambre de combustion étanche à l'air

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5924859A (en) 1995-10-25 1999-07-20 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co.Kg Process and circuit for controlling a gas burner
DE19744008A1 (de) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-02 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Starten eines Gasbrenners
DE19820192A1 (de) * 1997-04-28 1998-11-26 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zur Zündung eines gasbeheizten Brenners
DE102006006964A1 (de) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-23 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zum Starten einer Feuerungseinrichtung bei unbekannten Rahmenbedingungen
WO2011117896A1 (fr) 2010-03-24 2011-09-29 Bertelli & Partners S.R.L. Procédé et dispositif pour commander une chaudière atmosphérique comportant une chambre de combustion étanche à l'air

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3163169A1 (fr) * 2015-10-29 2017-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Appareil de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage
EP3184894A1 (fr) 2015-12-23 2017-06-28 Idea S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif de contrôle d'allumage et de combustion d'un brûleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2971964B1 (fr) 2017-11-29
EP2971964A1 (fr) 2016-01-20

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