EP3184894B1 - Procédé et dispositif de contrôle d'allumage et de combustion d'un brûleur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de contrôle d'allumage et de combustion d'un brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3184894B1
EP3184894B1 EP16205815.0A EP16205815A EP3184894B1 EP 3184894 B1 EP3184894 B1 EP 3184894B1 EP 16205815 A EP16205815 A EP 16205815A EP 3184894 B1 EP3184894 B1 EP 3184894B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
ignition
predefined
flame
iono
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3184894A1 (fr
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Bruno Giordano
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IDEA SpA
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IDEA SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner for use in applications in which combustion is present.
  • the present invention is used in atmospheric or premixed burners.
  • the fuel is preferably in a gaseous or liquid state and is carried to the burner through a supply pipe.
  • a possible use of the burner according to the present invention is in the field of boilers for heating.
  • the comburent supply means preferably comprises a fan infeeding air.
  • the comburent preferably comprises air, but might include any other type of comburent different to air.
  • the task of the control unit is mainly that of guaranteeing a "non-toxic" combustion so as not to generate spent gases (mainly carbon monoxide) damaging for the health of individuals.
  • this control is carried out by taking as a reference a curve in the ionization current realised as a function of the excess air index.
  • the air excess index is, as is well known, defined by the ratio between the quantity of comburent air used and the quantity of air required for complete stoichiometric combustion and is indicated by symbol l (lambda).
  • the ionization curve is created on the basis of laboratory tests on the burner in a step preceding the installation of the burner at the final user's premises.
  • the value of the ionization current is measured (using the detecting means) and compared with a predefined threshold value (using the control unit) so as to control the combustion.
  • control unit has the task of adjusting the quantity of air and gases supplied to the burner with the purpose of guaranteeing a correct combustion for each power value required by the user.
  • WO 2014/140687 filed in the name of the present applicant, a known control system of the combustion is described.
  • this control system has some drawbacks connected mainly to the fact that the quantity of air and gas supplied to the burner, in order to have a same power value, vary as a function of the type of gas present in the installation zone of the burner. In fact, more or less energetic gases exist in nature (G20, G25,). A corresponding curve exists for each gas which links the flow rate of fuel to the power requested by the burner. Therefore, if the burner is used in a place where the gas on the basis of which the curve has been constructed is not available the control system does not work correctly.
  • Another method for controlling the combustion of a burner is known from patent document DE 199 41 978 A1 .
  • a method for controlling the combustion of a burner comprising a step of igniting the burner, in turn comprising the following sub-steps: - feeding a predetermined quantity of comburent (air) to the burner; - activating the flame ignition means (sparks from ionisation rod) so as to light the flame during the subsequent step; - feeding a fuel to the burner through a fuel supply pipe; the step of feeding the fuel to the burner being implemented by varying the flow of the fuel according to a predetermined ignition ramp starting from a predetermined initial value (Ps,min) until the flame is ignited; following the ignition of the burner, detecting a combustion value (ionisation current Ui,ist) representing the quality of the flame using means for detecting the quality of the flame operatively positioned at the flame (the ionisation rod).
  • the object of the present invention is to realise a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner which obviates the above-cited drawbacks.
  • An aim of the present invention is to realise a method and a device for controlling the combustion of a burner which is able to automatically adjust to the type of fuel used.
  • an aim of the present invention is to realise a method and a control device of the combustion of a burner which takes account of any eventual variations in variable parameters over time that are relative to the detection of the representative value of the quality of the flame.
  • the indicated aims are substantially attained by a method and a control device of the combustion of a burner according to what is described in the appended claims.
  • the control method of the combustion of a burner 1 comprises at least a step of igniting the burner 1.
  • the step of igniting ( figure 2 ) of the burner 1 comprises in turn a first substep of supplying the burner 1 with a predefined quantity of comburent.
  • This predefined quantity of comburent is supplied to the burner 1 via the supply means 2 for supplying the comburent.
  • the comburent is preferably air and the supply means 2 for supplying the comburent comprises a fan 14.
  • the step of supplying the burner 1 with a predefined quantity of fuel includes switching on the supply means 2 for supplying comburent and keeping them switched on at least for a predefined initial time (also known as the pre-ventilation time) before supplying fuel to the burner 1 so as to operate a cleaning of the environment from the air surrounding the burner 1.
  • a predefined initial time also known as the pre-ventilation time
  • the step of igniting the burner 1 comprises, in turn, a second substep which includes activating flame ignition means 4 so as to be able to ignite the flame 4 in a subsequent step.
  • the ignition means is configured for generating the igniting of the flame 4 on the burner 1.
  • the method preferably includes monitoring and controlling the energy of the ignition means with the aim of optimising the ignition.
  • the ignition means comprises a system (of known type and not being a part of the present invention) for generating a spark.
  • the energy of the ignition means is controlled by acting on the frequency, voltage and duration (defining the main characteristics) of the spark.
  • the ignition of the burner 1 comprises a third substep which includes supplying a fuel to the burner 1 through a supply pipe 3 of the fuel.
  • the step of supplying the fuel to the burner is implemented by increasing the flow rate of said fuel starting from a predefined initial value ImodlgnMin.
  • said step of supplying the fuel to the burner is implemented by increasing a flow rate of said fuel according to a predefined ignition ramp 5 starting from a predefined initial value ImodIgnMin up until the flame is ignited so as to ignite the burner.
  • the step of supplying the fuel to the burner 1 is carried out by sending a command signal Imod to a fuel valve 7 interposed along the supply pipe 6.
  • the command signal follows said predefined ignition ramp 5 starting from the predefined initial value ImodlgnMin.
  • the method includes detecting a combustion value Iono representing the quality of the flame using means for detecting 8 the quality of the flame operatively positioned at the flame.
  • the combustion value Iono is preferably defined by the ionization current of the flame 4.
  • the detecting means 8 detects the value of the flame ionization current.
  • the value of the flame ionization current depends on various factors among which also the flame temperature. Note that the combustion value Iono is detected by means of a probe arranged at the flame 4 position, which generates a corresponding electric combustion signal.
  • the method includes checking whether the flame ignition is normal or not.
  • the flame ignition is defined as normal if:
  • the ignition step has a predefined duration TimeIgn following which if the flame 4 has not ignited, the comburent supply and/or fuel supply is interrupted and the ignition step is repeated.
  • the method includes switching off the burner 1 by interrupting the comburent supply and implementing a re-ignition step which includes repeating the step of igniting the burner 1.
  • This repeated ignition step is implemented by increasing the flow rate of said fuel according to an ignition ramp 5 and/or a predefined initial value ImodIgnMin that are different to the ignition ramp 5 and/or to a predefined initial value ImodIgnMin used during the non-normal step of igniting the burner 1.
  • the step of re-ignition is carried out following a step or a plurality of ignition steps that are not normal.
  • the re-ignition step can be newly carried out if there has not been a normal ignition.
  • the method includes memorising the combustion value Iono detected in a memory register 9 so as to create a historical record of the combustion values detected during the normal ignition step and with the aim of determining a reference point for a subsequent re-ignition.
  • the combustion control immediately carries out the calibration step ( figure 3 ) described in the following.
  • the combustion control carries out the calibration step only if requested, otherwise the adjusting step is immediately carried out, also described in the following.
  • the method further comprises a step of detecting a duration of the ignition step and comparing said duration with a predetermined ignition time TimeIgn; if the ignition of the flame 4 occurs after the predefined ignition time TimeIgn, the method includes implementing the re-ignition step.
  • the ignition step comprises a substep of detecting the flow rate value RpmPwm of the comburent supplied to the burner 1 and of comparing the flow rate value with a limit threshold value SL of a predefined comburent flow rate in such a way as to check whether the supplied flow rate value RpmPwm falls within the limit threshold SL or whether it exceeds the limit threshold SL.
  • the method includes proceeding with the subsequent step of activating the ignition means.
  • the method comprises a step of modifying the ignition ramp 5 and/or the predefined initial value and/or the predefined final value ImodIgnMax used during the step of igniting the burner 1.
  • the method comprises a calibration step ( figure 3 ) performed following the ignition step.
  • the calibration step comprises the following substeps:
  • the calibration step is carried out:
  • the calibration step is not completed in a case where the step is protracted beyond the maximum calibration time TimeTar.
  • the calibration step enables correcting the command signal Imod which is a function of the empirical curve of the combustion value Iono of the burner 1 determined by repeated laboratory tests with a predefined reference comburent (G20).
  • the method comprises an adjusting step of maximum ImodMax and ImodMin minimum thresholds of the fuel flow rate value.
  • the adjusting step comprises the following substeps:
  • control is carried out on the predefined combustion value Iono by adjusting the fuel flow rate.
  • the predefined combustion value Iono to be maintained and the corresponding fuel flow rate value are associated, instant by instant, to the detected comburent flow rate.
  • the combustion value Iono detected cannot vary externally of dynamic thresholds set by the control device.
  • the method comprises a regulating step (figure 5) of detecting the combustion value Iono.
  • the regulating step can take place:
  • a suitable algorithm acts to adjust the supply of fuel and comburent to the burner 1 in order to verify the correct functioning of the measurement of the combustion value Iono.
  • the method of the present invention also comprises a first-installation routine which includes carrying out at least a calibration step and at least a regulating step as described in the foregoing.
  • the first-installation routine includes calculating an offset reference which is used by the combustion control.
  • This offset reference takes account of the initial status of installation of the boiler, in relation to the place and type of installation.
  • the offset reference is preferably calculated and memorised in a special memory unit 15 as a function of the contents of the combustion value Iono and the control signal RpmPwm of the comburent supply means 2.
  • the memory unit 15 is configured for generating a modifying signal 16 for modifying the command signal Imod and a correcting signal 17 for correcting the control signal RpmPwm.
  • the first installation routine has an overall duration of a predetermined time during which the power of the boiler is adjusted by the combustion control.
  • the present invention further relates to a device 10 for controlling combustion of a burner 1.
  • a device 10 for controlling combustion of a burner 1 By way of example, figure 1 illustrates a boiler 100 comprising the burner 1.
  • the control device 10 of the combustion comprises:
  • the control unit 11 is in particular configured for:
  • control unit 11 is programmed to carry out a sequence of operating steps according to what is described in the foregoing for the method, which is incorporated here in its entirety.
  • control unit 11 is configured for:
  • control unit 11 is configured for receiving the output signal Iono representing the quality of the flame via the detecting means 8 of the quality of the flame and for verifying whether the value Iono detected falls within a range of predefined values IonoMax and IonoMin. In addition, the control unit 11 is configured for receiving the control signal Imod and for verifying whether the value Imod falls within a range of predefined values IonoMax and IonoMin.
  • control unit 11 is configured for sending a control signal to the on-off and modulating means 7 for cutting off supply of fuel and for carrying out the re-ignition step which includes repeating the step of igniting the burner 1.
  • control unit 11 is configured for carrying out the ignition step by sending a control signal Imod according to an ignition ramp 5 and/or a predefined initial value ImodIgnMin that are different to the ignition ramp 5 and/or to the predefined initial value ImodIgnMin used during the preceding step of igniting the burner 1.
  • the present invention attains the set aims.
  • the present invention enables adjusting the functioning of the burner to the type of gas which is used (more or less energetic gas).
  • the ignition of the burner 1 is repeated until the flame ionization value settles at values retained suitable, via an increasing or decreasing of the ignition ramp 5 of the flame.
  • the present system enables matching the whole representative curve of the ratio between the gas flow rate and the power requested by the boiler, also setting the respective upper and lower threshold curves within which the gas flow rate must be contained.
  • the present invention is relatively easy to realise and also that the cost connected to the actuation of the invention is not very high.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de contrôle de combustion d'un brûleur (1), comprenant :
    une étape d'allumage du brûleur (1) comprenant à son tour les sous-étapes suivantes :
    - alimenter une quantité prédéfinie de comburant au brûleur (1) ;
    - activer des moyens d'allumage de flamme de sorte à pouvoir allumer une flamme (4) dans une étape ultérieure ;
    - alimenter un combustible au brûleur (1) à travers un tuyau d'alimentation (6) du combustible ; ladite étape d'alimentation du combustible au brûleur (1) étant mise en oeuvre en variant un débit dudit combustible selon une rampe d'allumage (5) prédéfinie à partir d'une valeur initiale prédéfinie (ImodIgnMin) jusqu'à provoquer l'allumage de la flamme (4) de sorte à allumer le brûleur (1) ;
    suite à l'allumage du brûleur (1), détecter une valeur de combustion (Iono) représentant une qualité de la flamme (4) en utilisant des moyens de détection (8) de la qualité de la flamme (4) fonctionnellement positionnés en correspondance de la flamme (4) ;
    vérifier si la valeur de combustion détectée Iono est comprise dans une fourchette de valeurs prédéfinies (IonoMax et IonoMin) ;
    si la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée est située en dehors de ladite fourchette de valeurs prédéfinies, éteindre le brûleur (1) en interrompant l'alimentation en combustible et mettre en oeuvre une étape de réallumage qui inclut la répétition de l'étape d'allumage du brûleur (1) ; ladite étape d'allumage répétée étant mise en oeuvre en augmentant le débit dudit combustible selon une rampe d'allumage et/ou une valeur initiale prédéfinie (ImodIgnMin) étant différente(s) par rapport à la rampe d'allumage (5) et/ou à la valeur initiale prédéfinie (ImodIgnMin) utilisée lors de l'étape d'allumage du brûleur (1) dans laquelle la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée est située en dehors de la fourchette des valeurs prédéfinies.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape consistant à vérifier si la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée est comprise dans la fourchette des valeurs prédéfinies est mise en oeuvre après une période de temps prédéfinie suite à l'allumage de la flamme.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à comparer la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée dans les instants suivant immédiatement l'allumage de la flamme avec une valeur de combustion maximum (IonoMax) prédéfinie ; ledit procédé incluant la réalisation d'une étape de réallumage si ladite valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée dans les instants suivant immédiatement l'allumage de la flamme dépasse la valeur de combustion maximum (IonoMax) prédéfinie.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à vérifier la monotonicité de la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée après l'allumage de la flamme ; ledit procédé incluant la réalisation de l'étape de réallumage si ladite valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée n'est pas de plus en plus monotonique.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à détecter une durée de l'étape d'allumage et à comparer ladite durée avec une durée d'allumage (TimeIgn) prédéterminée ; si l'allumage de la flamme se déroule après la durée d'allumage (TimeIgn) prédéfinie, le procédé inclut la mise en oeuvre de l'étape de réallumage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que si la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée se situe dans les limites de la fourchette de valeurs prédéfinies, le procédé inclut une étape consistant à mémoriser la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée dans un registre de mémoire (9) après l'allumage de la flamme.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à détecter la valeur de débit (RpmPwm) du comburant alimenté au brûleur et à comparer la valeur de débit avec une valeur seuil limite (SL) d'un débit de comburant prédéfini de manière à vérifier si la valeur de débit alimenté se situe dans les limites du seuil limite (SL) ou si elle dépasse le seuil limite (SL) .
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape consistant à modifier la rampe d'allumage (5) et/ou la valeur initiale prédéfinie (ImodIgnMin) utilisée lors de l'étape d'allumage du brûleur (1), si la valeur de débit alimenté dépasse le seuil limite (SL).
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de calibrage réalisée après l'étape d'allumage ; ladite étape de calibrage comprenant les sous-étapes suivantes :
    - maintenir la quantité prédéfinie de comburant après l'allumage du brûleur (1) ;
    - augmenter ou diminuer la quantité de combustible alimenté au brûleur (1) afin de modifier la valeur de combustion détectée (Iono) vers une valeur de combustion de calibrage prédéfinie (Iono).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication (9), caractérisé en ce que l'étape de calibrage se termine lorsque :
    - la valeur de combustion (Iono) détectée atteint la valeur de combustion de calibrage (IonoTar) prédéfinie et reste stable pendant au moins une durée prédéterminée ;
    - une phase de temps requise pour effectuer cette étape est inférieure à une durée de calibrage maximum (TimeTar).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de réglage des seuils maximum (ImodIgnMax) et minimum (ImodIgnMin) de la valeur de débit du combustible ; ladite étape de réglage comprenant les sous-étapes suivantes :
    - maintenir la quantité prédéfinie de comburant après l'allumage du brûleur (1) ;
    - augmenter ou diminuer la quantité de combustible alimenté au brûleur (1) afin de maintenir une valeur de combustion prédéfinie identique (Iono) ; ledit seuil minimum (ImodIgnMin) correspondant à la quantité minimum de comburant requise pour maintenir la même valeur de combustion prédéfinie (Iono), ledit seuil maximum (ImodIgnMax) correspondant à la quantité maximum de comburant requise pour maintenir la même valeur de combustion prédéfinie (Iono).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de détection de la valeur de combustion (Iono) inclut la détection du courant d'ionisation de flamme.
  13. Dispositif (10) de contrôle de combustion d'un brûleur (1), comprenant :
    - des moyens à action par tout ou rien et de modulation (7) interposés le long d'un tuyau d'alimentation (6) servant à régler le débit du combustible vers le brûleur (1) ;
    - des moyens d'alimentation pour alimenter en comburant (2) actifs vers le brûleur (1) pour alimenter le comburant au brûleur (1) ;
    - des moyens d'allumage de flamme associés, en fonctionnement, au brûleur (1) ;
    - un moyen, servant à détecter une présence d'une flamme, étant fonctionnellement associé au brûleur (1) pour détecter une présence d'une flamme ;
    - des moyens de détection (8) d'une valeur de combustion (Iono) représentant une qualité de la flamme ;
    - une unité de contrôle (11) fonctionnellement reliée aux moyens à action par tout ou rien et de modulation (7), aux moyens d'allumage de flamme, aux moyens d'alimentation en comburant (2) et aux moyens de détection ;
    caractérisé en ce que l'unité de contrôle (11) est programmée pour effectuer une séquence d'étapes fonctionnelles selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications de 1 à 12.
EP16205815.0A 2015-12-23 2016-12-21 Procédé et dispositif de contrôle d'allumage et de combustion d'un brûleur Active EP3184894B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16205815T PL3184894T3 (pl) 2015-12-23 2016-12-21 Sposób i urządzenie do sterowania spalaniem i zapłonem dla palnika

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUB2015A009682A ITUB20159682A1 (it) 2015-12-23 2015-12-23 Metodo e dispositivo di controllo della combustione di un bruciatore

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EP3184894A1 EP3184894A1 (fr) 2017-06-28
EP3184894B1 true EP3184894B1 (fr) 2018-07-18

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EP (1) EP3184894B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2691248T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITUB20159682A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3184894T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE202837T1 (de) * 1996-05-09 2001-07-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum betrieb eines gasbrenners
AT406514B (de) * 1997-04-28 2000-06-26 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur zündung eines gasbeheizten brenners
DE19941978B4 (de) * 1999-09-03 2005-09-22 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Synthesegases
DE102006006964B4 (de) * 2006-02-14 2012-09-06 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zum Starten einer Feuerungseinrichtung bei unbekannten Rahmenbedingungen
EP2971964B1 (fr) 2013-03-11 2017-11-29 Idea S.p.A. Procédé et dispositif de commande de combustion de brûleur

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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ITUB20159682A1 (it) 2017-06-23
PL3184894T3 (pl) 2019-03-29
EP3184894A1 (fr) 2017-06-28
ES2691248T3 (es) 2018-11-26

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