WO2014139389A1 - 预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 - Google Patents

预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014139389A1
WO2014139389A1 PCT/CN2014/073152 CN2014073152W WO2014139389A1 WO 2014139389 A1 WO2014139389 A1 WO 2014139389A1 CN 2014073152 W CN2014073152 W CN 2014073152W WO 2014139389 A1 WO2014139389 A1 WO 2014139389A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
friction damper
cylinder
plunger
restraining
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/073152
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹学军
Original Assignee
青岛科而泰环境控制技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2014139389A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014139389A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/08Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other
    • F16F7/09Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other in dampers of the cylinder-and-piston type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an impact, vibration, and seismic control device, a damper, and more particularly to a damper for damping energy dissipation of industrial buffers and building structures.
  • the damper is a versatile vibration control basic component used for vibration damping, cushioning, shock absorption, and energy consumption of machinery, vehicles, bridges, and building structures.
  • the most common damper is a small orifice throttling type, also called a hydraulic cylinder type, which consists of a piston, a cylinder block and a seal.
  • the piston is provided with a number of small holes or a proper radial clearance between the cylinder and the piston.
  • the piston chamber is filled with hydraulic oil or a slightly higher viscosity viscous liquid, such as silicone oil.
  • hydraulic oil flows from the piston gap or small hole to the other piston chamber.
  • the pressure difference of the cavity forms the resistance to the movement of the piston, and the work is done to convert the mechanical energy into heat energy, thereby achieving the purpose of absorbing the external energy.
  • This damper has been improved over the decades and has been perfected.
  • dampers also include buckling restraint supports and metal yield dampers. These dampers are mainly used in the field of seismic construction. These dampers are usually designed for strong earthquakes only, and the displacement is limited. The yield force and displacement and cycle times are Relevance, cannot be repaired for reuse.
  • Another commonly used damper is a friction damper, which is used for energy dissipation buffering and energy dissipation of bridges and building structures.
  • the commonly used friction dampers are mainly divided into two categories: one type uses an electromagnetic device to control the sliding friction force, such as a magnetically controlled friction damper disclosed in the patent No. 018007365.4, such a damper has a complicated structure and needs to be used in a certain process. The energy, therefore the cost and the cost of use are higher; the other type uses the mechanical principle to control the sliding friction.
  • the friction dampers commonly used in the market are mainly of the flat type and the round tube type, as disclosed in the patent application No. 200810056406.6.
  • the flat type friction damper is mainly composed of a sliding plate and a splint, and is assembled and compacted by a pre-tightening bolt and a spring. Since the spring is used in the structure, the pre-tightening force is small, and it is difficult to achieve a large damping force. Output, if you want to greatly increase the preload, bullet The space required for the spring is too large and the practicability is poor.
  • the pre-tightening bolt can not maintain the damping force for a long time and is stable for many times.
  • the circular tube type friction damper is mainly composed of the outer cylinder and the piston, and passes through the outer cylinder and the piston.
  • the positive pressure required to form the friction surface the friction damper can not maintain the friction surface always in the state of high pre-stress during the working process. Once the inner wall of the piston or the outer cylinder wears, the output will be greatly reduced, and the damping performance is not Stable, it is difficult to meet multi-week usage requirements.
  • a damper requires a high degree of cooperation between the outer cylinder and the piston, assembly is difficult, performance parameters are difficult to control, and maintenance cannot be repeated for reuse.
  • the patent application No. 201220208910.5 discloses a friction damper which utilizes a pre-tightening ring or a pre-tightening wire to form a hoop-closed tightening device, providing a stable hoop stress.
  • a continuous frictional damping force is generated to achieve energy consumption.
  • the friction damper can achieve a larger damping force output, the damping performance is more stable and the applicability is better, but there are also certain disadvantages, which are manifested in: (1) when the pre-tightening ring is used as the tightening device The damping parameter of the friction damper is fixed, and it cannot be adjusted on site according to the actual situation of the project; (2) When the pre-tightening rope constitutes the tightening device, it is wound under the condition of applying the pre-tightening force, and the processing technology is complicated and needs Professional operating equipment, improper operation, damping parameters will change, so in general, the parameters can not be adjusted in the field. Due to the above shortcomings, the marketing application of friction dampers is affected to some extent.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and to provide a pre-tightening adjustable friction damper with a damping parameter for on-site adjustment.
  • the pre-tightening adjustable friction damper of the present invention is realized by: comprising a plunger and a restraining cylinder, wherein the plunger is at least partially disposed in the restraining cylinder, and the working surface of the outer surface of the restraining cylinder corresponding to the inner wall of the restraining cylinder is provided with a circumferential direction a closed tightening device, characterized in that the tightening device is at least one set of combined restraining rings, the combined restraining ring being composed of an outer ring with an inner tapered surface and an inner ring with an outer tapered surface, the plunger and the constraint
  • the inner wall of the cylinder is in close contact with the fit, or a wear-resistant rust-proof layer, a wear-resistant rust-proof sheet or a wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve is disposed between the plunger and the inner wall of the restraining cylinder.
  • the number of inner and outer rings in the combined restraining ring can be various, for example, the inner ring and the outer ring are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the restraining cylinder, and the inner tapered surface of the outer ring and the adjacent inner ring External cones a gap is left between the adjacent inner ring or/and the adjacent outer ring; in addition, the inner ring and the inner ring are superposed on each other, and the inner tapered surface of the outer ring and the inner circle are superimposed The outer tapered surfaces of the rings cooperate with each other, and at least one of the outer ring and the inner ring are provided.
  • the tightening device in the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention may further comprise an auxiliary tightening device disposed on the combined restraining ring.
  • the auxiliary tightening device may be composed of a spring steel ring or a spring steel pipe.
  • the auxiliary tightening device may also be composed of an auxiliary restraining cylinder provided on the surface of the combined restraining ring and a pre-tightening wire wound on the surface of the auxiliary restraining cylinder.
  • the cord may be made of a metal material or a non-metal fiber material, and may specifically be in various forms such as a wire, a wire, a rope, and the like.
  • the partial cylinder of the restraining cylinder that cooperates with the plunger is provided with at least one pressure relief slit extending axially along the cylinder.
  • a coupling interface is provided on the plunger or/and the restraining cylinder, the coupling interface comprising a coupling plate, a coupling ring, a threaded coupling or a coupling flange, the threaded coupling comprising a screw or a screw hole.
  • a sealing protective sleeve may be disposed between the plunger and the restraining cylinder.
  • a pretensioning device is also provided on both sides of the combined restraint ring.
  • the pretensioning device has various specific forms, and may be a limit pin, a limit stop or a limit stop provided on the restraining cylinder; in addition, another typical structure is that at least one side of the restraining ring is combined
  • the pre-tensioning device is composed of a pre-tightening adjusting nut and an external thread structure corresponding to a partial outer surface of the restraining cylinder; the third typical structure is that the pre-tensioning device provided on at least one side of the combined restraining ring is provided by a pre-tightening adjusting nut and The outer outer surface of the inner ring is configured correspondingly to the outer thread structure.
  • the preload force adjusting nut may be a hydraulic nut in addition to a conventional nut.
  • another advantageous effect of providing a preloading force adjusting nut is that the damping of the friction damper with adjustable pretensioning force of the present invention can be conveniently achieved by adjusting the position of the preloading force adjusting nut. parameter.
  • a space compensation ring may be provided between the combined restraining ring and the pretensioning device of at least one side.
  • the inner wall of at least one end of the restraining cylinder is provided with a transition chamfer, or the plunger is at least partially a cone.
  • the plunger and the restraint cylinder are prevented from being cold-adhered or rust-proof.
  • the inner wall of the cylinder or the surface of the plunger may be provided with a wear-resistant rust-proof layer and a wear-resistant rust-proof sheet.
  • wear-resistant rustproof sleeve which can be used to form the wear-resistant rust-proof layer, wear-resistant rust-proof sheet or wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve, including ceramic alloy material, powder Metallurgical materials, copper alloy materials, carbon fiber materials and brake pads, etc., wherein the wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve and the wear-resistant protective sheet can be fixedly connected to the binding cylinder or the plunger by a fastening process such as fastener connection, embedded connection or welding.
  • the wear resistant rust layer can be placed on the corresponding surface of the restraining cylinder or plunger by means of electroplating, sintering, high temperature spraying, laser splicing or the like.
  • the restraining cylinder may also adopt a split structure, which is composed of at least two sub-constraining cylinders.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention is also suitable for the rotating working condition, for example, an anti-torsion flange is arranged on the restraining cylinder or the plunger, and a corresponding rotary or switching cylinder is provided with a rotation conversion mechanism.
  • the rotation conversion mechanism includes a wire reel, a gear and rack engagement mechanism, a sprocket and chain engagement mechanism, a toothed belt and a belt pulley engagement mechanism, a slider and a guide groove engagement mechanism, or a clutch mechanism.
  • the combined restraining ring can be directly constituted by a ring spring.
  • the combined restraining ring may also adopt the following structure: an inner ring having an outer tapered surface and an outer ring having an inner tapered surface, and an inner tapered surface between the inner ring and the outer ring And the middle ring of the outer cone surface, the three are sequentially matched by the cone surface.
  • the intermediate ring may be provided with only one layer or at least two layers. When the middle ring is provided with two or more layers, the inner tapered surface of the outer ring and the adjacent inner layer The outer tapered surfaces of the middle ring cooperate with each other.
  • the plunger or/and the restraining cylinder When the pre-tightening friction damper of the invention is in operation, the plunger or/and the restraining cylinder generate relative movement in the axial direction under the external force or deflect in the axial direction, because the outer surface of the restraining cylinder is provided with a special tightening device.
  • the tightening device can reserve a higher tightening stress to generate a larger and very stable binding force on the restraining cylinder, so when the plunger and the restraining cylinder move relative to each other, a constraint between the inner wall of the cylinder and the plunger is generated.
  • the frictional resistance that hinders the movement of the plunger which is always opposite to the direction of movement of the plunger, thereby consuming external force to perform work, converting mechanical energy into heat energy.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention has the advantages of using the combined restraint ring as the tightening device in the present invention, in addition to all the advantages of the existing friction damper provided with the hoop closed tightening device, by changing the combination constraint
  • the relative position between the outer ring and the inner ring of the ring can change the hoop tightening force provided by the tightening device, thereby changing the damping parameter of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention, and realizing different damping forces.
  • the output, therefore, the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention can easily realize the adjustment of the damping parameter in the field according to engineering requirements, and the utility and the applicability are stronger.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force has the advantages of stable structure, stable performance, basically no maintenance, long service life, can be used after inspection, has regenerative characteristics, is very environmentally friendly, and particularly the present invention
  • the friction damper with adjustable tension can conveniently adjust the damping parameters. Therefore, the damping parameters of the product can be optimized and adjusted according to the actual project.
  • the engineering utility is better and has broad market application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the application of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a second structural schematic view of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the application of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion B in Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a second schematic view of the application of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 9 is a third structural schematic view of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the application of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention shown in Fig. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • 12 is a schematic structural view of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • Figure 14 is a seventh structural schematic view of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the application of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention shown in Figure 14.
  • Figure 16 is a view taken along line D of Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a structural schematic view of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic view showing the application of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention shown in Fig. 17.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a perspective view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic view showing the application of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention shown in Fig. 21.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention and a schematic diagram thereof.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 25.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • Figure 28 is a view taken along line F of Figure 27 .
  • Figure 29 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • Figure 30 is a seventeenth structural diagram of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a perspective view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 32 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • Figure 33 is a schematic view showing the structure of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention and its application schematic diagram.
  • Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view taken along line H-H of Figure 33.
  • Fig. 35 is a twenty-first structural diagram of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 36 is a twenty-second structural schematic view of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a twenty-third structural schematic view of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • 39 is a twenty-fifth structural diagram of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 40 is a twenty-sixth structural diagram of the friction damper with adjustable preload force according to the present invention.
  • Figure 41 is a twenty-seventh structural diagram of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force according to the present invention.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention comprises a plunger 1 and a restraining cylinder 2, and the plunger 1 is in close contact with the working surface of the inner wall of the restraining cylinder 2, and the outer surface of the restraining cylinder corresponds to the binding cylinder Inner wall work
  • the surface is provided with a loop-closing tightening device, the tightening device is a set of combined restraining rings, and the combined restraining ring is composed of a plurality of outer rings 3 with inner tapered faces and a plurality of inner rings with outer tapered faces. 4
  • the inner ring 4 in the combined restraint ring and the outer surface of the restraining cylinder 2 have an interference fit.
  • the working principle of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention will be described below by taking the application in the bridge structure as an example.
  • the plunger 1 and the restraining cylinder 2 of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention are all made of steel.
  • the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 in the combined restraint ring are made of spring steel.
  • the components of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention and the damping force output are determined.
  • the ear plate 90 When assembling with the bridge structure, the ear plate 90 is welded and fixed to the anchored steel connecting seat 5 of the bridge 6, and the two ends of the plunger 1 are fixedly connected to the steel connecting seat provided in the pier 8. 7 Welded together, the assembly of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention between the bridge 6 and the pier 8 is completed.
  • the tightening device can reserve a higher tightening stress to generate a large and very stable binding force to the restraining cylinder, so when the plunger 1 and the restraining cylinder 2 move relative to each other, the inner wall of the cylinder 2 and the plunger 1 are restrained.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention can provide different damping force output, so according to different engineering needs, the corresponding combined restraining ring is selected, and the invention can be It is used to control the vibration caused by bad weather such as vehicle driving or strong wind in the daily use of the bridge.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force can be widely applied to vibration damping, buffering and energy consumption of machinery, traffic tools, bridges and building structures.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force does not use any liquid damping material, there is no direction limitation during use, and there is no hidden danger of leakage and pollution environment, which is affected by environmental conditions, and is smaller than existing dampers.
  • the damping performance is more stable, and the applicability and environmental protection are also better.
  • the most prominent advantage of the technical solution of the present invention is that when a small amount of adjustment is needed for the damping parameter due to engineering construction errors and the like, only It is necessary to change the spacing between the ear plates 90, which is very convenient, and is advantageous for ensuring the accuracy of the damping parameters, thereby achieving an optimal vibration damping energy consumption effect.
  • the tightening force of the combined restraining ring is transmitted to the plunger by restraining the deformation of the cylinder wall, and the deforming ability of the restraining cylinder is limited, so as to ensure better tightening force. It is converted into pre-stress on the contact surface between the restraining cylinder and the plunger.
  • the wall thickness of the restraining cylinder should not be too thick, so as to prevent the strength of the restraining cylinder from being too large, which hinders the transmission of the tightening force to the surface of the plunger.
  • the pre-tightening force exerted by the restraining cylinder on the surface of the plunger that is, the positive pressure between the two, is reduced, thereby reducing the damping force of the final output.
  • the plunger 1 and the restraining cylinder 2 in the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention are all made of steel, and in actual application, depending on the use conditions and the required damping force,
  • the plunger or/and the restraint cylinder can be made of materials such as nylon and engineering plastics, and can achieve certain effects of vibration damping, buffering and energy consumption.
  • the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4 of the combined restraining ring are made of spring steel because the spring steel has high strength and high elongation, and is suitable for providing a tightening force, of course, the outer ring and the inner ring.
  • the ring can also be made from other types of steel, other types of metal or non-metal depending on the desired damping force output.
  • a set of combined restraining rings is disposed, and the combined restraining ring includes a plurality of inner and outer rings which are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the restraining cylinder, and the outer ring
  • the inner tapered surface of the ring cooperates with the outer tapered surface of the adjacent inner ring, and a gap is left between the adjacent inner rings and between the adjacent outer rings.
  • the theoretically combined restraining ring may be composed of only two inner rings and one outer ring, and the inner tapered surface of the outer ring and the outer tapered surface of the adjacent inner ring cooperate with each other.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force has the advantages of stable structure, stable performance, basically no maintenance, long service life, can be used after inspection, has regenerative characteristics, is very environmentally friendly, and particularly the pre-tightening force of the invention is adjustable.
  • the friction damper can easily adjust the damping parameters, so the damping parameters of the product can be optimized and adjusted according to the actual project.
  • the engineering utility is better and has broad market application prospects.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that a pretensioning device is further disposed on both sides of the combined restraining ring, and the pretensioning device comprises a steel restraining cylinder 2 External surface corresponding combination Two fixed stop blocks 11 are respectively connected to the two sides of the restraining ring.
  • four pressures extending along the axial direction of the cylinder are provided on the side walls of the restraining cylinder corresponding to the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4 assembly portion! ⁇ The slit 12 is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the restraining cylinder.
  • the plunger and the restraining cylinder are respectively provided with a coupling interface, which is specifically a joint plate 10 welded on the plunger 1 and a welded fixed joint on the restraining cylinder 2 Board 9.
  • the combined restraining ring constituting the tightening device directly adopts the finished ring spring, and the ring spring is also composed of an outer ring 3 with an inner tapered surface and an inner ring 4 with an outer tapered surface, which are combined in the restraining ring.
  • the inner wall of the side end portion of the restraining cylinder 2 is provided with a transition chamfer 50.
  • the combined restraining ring is directly constructed by a ring spring, it can be conveniently standardized and serialized, and is advantageous for ensuring the quality of the combined restraining ring, thereby ensuring the damping performance of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention.
  • the inner ring and the outer ring in the combined restraint ring can also be processed by using steel.
  • the friction damper with the preload force adjustable according to the present invention is applied between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 and used in conjunction with the bridge support 14 as an example.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper 15 of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 is disposed between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 along the length of the bridge, and between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 A bridge support 14 is provided, which allows the bridge to move relative to the bridge along the longitudinal direction of the bridge and the transverse direction of the bridge.
  • the bridge 12 is integrally provided with a limiting block 17, and the limiting block 17 is provided with a connecting lug 19, and the connecting pier 21 is correspondingly provided with a connecting lug 21, assembly
  • the coupling plate 10 on the plunger 1 and the connecting lug 19 are hinged together by the pin 18, the binding cylinder 2 is hinged together with the connecting lug 21 through the pin 20 through the coupling plate 9, and the pre-tightening force of the present invention can be completed. Assembly of the friction damper between the bridge 16 and the pier 13.
  • the plunger and the restraining cylinder are respectively provided with a coupling plate, so When the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force is accidentally damaged, it can be disassembled for maintenance or replacement at any time, which is very convenient.
  • the pressure releasing slit 12 is disposed on the wall of the restraining cylinder 2, the binding force of the combined restraining ring can be effectively ensured to be sufficiently transmitted to the plunger 1, so that the pre-tightening force of the restraining cylinder against the plunger can be remarkably improved.
  • the pressure release slit 12 is provided, the deformation capacity of the restraining cylinder is improved, and a thick steel pipe can be used to make the restraining cylinder, which is advantageous for improving the service life of the product.
  • only four pressure relief slits 12 extending along the axial direction of the cylinder are provided as an example. In practical applications, the number of pressure relief joints may also be one, two, three, five or even more.
  • the pressure relief slits are arranged in a circumferentially uniform manner along the side walls of the restraining cylinder.
  • the limit stop 11 on one side can be removed, and the combined restraint ring can be re-extruded by means of a press or the like until the tightening force suitable for the engineering requirements is achieved, and then a limit stop is re-welded. 11 , to achieve the limit of the combination of the constraint ring, the operation process is very simple, only a small amount of manpower and material resources can be used to complete the correction of the damping parameters.
  • the pre-tightening force of the present invention can be adjusted.
  • the friction damper 15 is disposed between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 in the width direction of the bridge.
  • a set of friction dampers 15 with adjustable pretensioning force according to the present invention are arranged between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 along the length direction of the bridge, and at the same time, the bridge 16 and the pier 13 are along the width direction of the bridge.
  • An additional set of friction dampers 15 with adjustable preload force according to the present invention are also disposed, such that when the bridge 16 produces relative movement along the length of the bridge relative to the pier 13, the bridge 16 and the pier 13 along the length of the bridge
  • the pre-tightening friction damper 15 of the present invention disposed between the two will consume external force; when the bridge 16 is relatively moved relative to the pier 13 in the width direction of the bridge, between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 along the width of the bridge
  • the pre-tightened friction damper 15 of the present invention arranged to consume external force work.
  • the relative displacement between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 along the length and width directions of the bridge is generated at the same time, so that the friction damper 15 with the pre-tightening force of the present invention can be respectively disposed in two directions.
  • the relative movement between the bridge 16 and the pier 13 in the two directions is controlled to achieve an ideal buffer damping effect.
  • different application modes can be selected according to different building structures.
  • the pre-tightening friction of the present invention for controlling the two directions can be respectively set on the same pier as shown in FIG.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention for controlling a certain direction may be disposed on a part of the bridge pier, and the friction damping of the pre-tightening force of the present invention for controlling the other direction may be provided on other piers.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention has a plunger which is a cylinder, which can rotate in the restraining cylinder due to the combination of spring steel.
  • the restraining ring exerts a constant binding force on the restraining cylinder, so that the piston also rubs against the inner wall of the restraining cylinder when rotating, thereby consuming external force to perform work, converting mechanical energy into heat energy.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention adopting such a technical solution not only provides a damping force when the plunger and the restraining cylinder move axially relative to each other, but also provides a relative rotation between the plunger and the restraining cylinder. Damping force.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention adopting a cylindrical plunger, the relative movement of the plunger and the restraining cylinder is not limited to the relative movement in the axial direction, and includes the relative rotation between the two. In the above two cases, as long as one kind occurs, the present invention automatically starts working to realize vibration damping energy consumption.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is also suitable for the damping force that needs to provide relative deflection prevention. place.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force can be widely applied to vibration damping, buffering and energy consumption of machinery, vehicles, bridges and building structures.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the second embodiment in that the plunger and the restraining cylinder are respectively provided with a coupling interface, and the coupling interface is specifically welded on the plunger 1 .
  • the coupling flange 21 and the coupling ring 24 welded to the binding cylinder 2 are fixed.
  • the partial section shown at C outside the restraining cylinder of the plunger 1 is disposed in a tapered structure which is tapered by the coupling flange 21 - the side restraining cylinder until the inner diameter of the restraining cylinder 2 is the same.
  • the fastening flange 23 is used to connect the fixing flange 22 fixed on the steel beam 27 and the coupling flange 21 fixedly disposed on the plunger 1 to realize the connection between the plunger 1 and the steel beam 27;
  • the piece 26 connects the coupling flange 25 fixedly disposed on the steel beam 28 with the coupling ring 24 fixedly disposed on the restraining cylinder 2, and realizes the connection of the restraining cylinder 2 and the steel beam 28, and completes the friction of the pre-tightening force of the present invention. Assembly of the damper.
  • the plunger can also be completely set as a cone.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the third embodiment in that the plunger 1 is a cone which gradually becomes larger in size from the one end of the insertion restricting cylinder 2 to the other end.
  • the difference from the fourth embodiment is that, when installing, the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention can also be applied to the vertical setting occasion, and the specific installation method and The description in the fourth embodiment is the same, and the description will not be repeated.
  • the damping force increases rapidly as the length of the plunger enters the restraining cylinder, and the effect of effectively blocking the steel beam 27 and the steel beam 28 from approaching each other is achieved.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention is taken as an example. Since the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention is not limited by the direction of use, it can be arranged horizontally according to needs. Various forms, such as vertical and inclined, can achieve a good effect. This feature is also applicable to the technical solutions of the present invention described in other embodiments, and is also described herein.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention as shown in Fig. 12 differs from the fourth embodiment in that the pretensioning device provided on both sides of the combination restraining ring is constituted by the limit pin 43.
  • both ends of the plunger 1 extend to the outside of the restraining cylinder 2, and at the same time, a partial section of the pyramid structure is provided.
  • the application differs from the technical solution in the fourth embodiment in that it corresponds to the structural change of the plunger 1. , changing the structure of the coupling flange 25 in the steel beam 28, providing sufficient space for the plunger 1.
  • both ends of the plunger are provided with a partial section C of the cone structure, no matter which of the plungers are in operation
  • the one side cone section enters the restraining cylinder, and the damping force increases rapidly as the length of the cone section of the plunger entering the restraining cylinder increases, thereby effectively preventing the relative movement between the steel beam 27 and the steel beam 28,
  • the The relative motion includes three forms of motion between the steel beam 27 and the steel beam 28, which are close to each other, away from each other, and mutually deflected.
  • the combination restraining ring can be squeezed by using a pressure device such as a jack until the combined restraining ring provides sufficient tightening force, and then on the side of the combined restraining ring Re-punch and set the limit pin to implement the lock limit on the combined restraint ring.
  • a pressure device such as a jack
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the fifth embodiment in that a seal protective cover 91 made of a rubber material is disposed between the plug 1 and the restraining cylinder 2. Further, a space compensating ring 29 is provided between the combined restraining ring and the limit pin 43 on one side.
  • the sealing protective cover is provided, the foreign matter can be effectively prevented from entering the frictional resistance of the preloading force of the present invention. In the device, it is advantageous to extend the service life of the product of the invention.
  • the protective cover can also be made of non-woven fabric, stainless steel bellows and other materials.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention can also conveniently increase or decrease the damping force output, and when it is desired to increase the damping force of the output, The combination of the compression constraint ring and the corresponding increase of the width of the space compensation ring; when it is desired to reduce the damping force of the output, it can be directly achieved by reducing the width of the space compensation ring.
  • a space compensation ring can be simultaneously disposed between the two sides of the combined restraint ring and the limit pin.
  • a space compensation ring or/and may be disposed as needed. Sealing sleeves are all within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the second embodiment in that a pretensioning device is provided on the outer surface of the restraining cylinder 2, and the pretensioning device includes an outer ring 3 and an inner circle.
  • the ring 4 is formed by a limiting shoulder 30 provided on one side of the combined restraining ring, and a pre-tightening adjusting nut 44 disposed on the other side of the combined restraining ring and a corresponding external threaded structure of the outer outer surface of the restraining cylinder 2.
  • the outer surface of the restraining cylinder 2 adopts a stepped shaft structure, and the outer diameter of the restraining cylinder of the combined section of the combined restraining ring is smaller than the blocking outer diameter.
  • the outer diameter of the restraining cylinder on the side of the shoulder 30 is larger than the outer diameter of the restraining cylinder on the side of the externally threaded structure.
  • the friction damper 34 with the preload force adjustable according to the present invention shown in FIG. 14 is applied to the earthquake resistance of a building as an example.
  • an earthquake-resistant support 31 is disposed between the house 32 and the foundation 33.
  • a plurality of the present invention are respectively disposed below the house 32 in the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the house.
  • the pre-tightening adjustable friction damper 34 wherein one end of the pre-tightening friction damper 34 is hingedly connected to the house 32, and the other end is hingedly connected to the foundation 33.
  • the anti-vibration support 31 generally has a certain resetting ability. Under the action of the anti-vibration support 31 or by means of the reset jack, the smooth reset of the pre-tightening friction damper 34 of the present invention can be realized, and the pre-tightening is re-tightened.
  • the force adjusting nut enables the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention to restore the damping performance, so that when the aftershock occurs, the friction damper 34 with the pre-tightening force of the present invention can still exert the shock absorbing energy again.
  • the role of the earthquake can more effectively reduce the damage caused by earthquakes and protect the lives and property of residents.
  • the maximum advantage of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is that the pre-tightening device is provided with the pre-tightening nut and the external thread structure on the binding cylinder as the pre-tensioning device, and the pre-tightening can be adjusted during use.
  • the position of the force adjusting nut realizes the adjustment of the pre-tightening force of the combined restraining ring, and the damping parameter of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention can be adjusted at any time according to engineering requirements, which is very convenient and quick, and is easy to operate.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force described in other embodiments of the present invention can also be used for anti-seismic applications of a house, even if the reset cannot be conveniently performed, at least during the earthquake occurrence process. All can play a certain role in seismic energy consumption, which is not illustrated in the drawings.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the seventh embodiment in that, in order to save material, the plunger 1 adopts a stepped shaft structure, and the plunger 1 enters the inside of the restraining cylinder 2 and has the largest diameter.
  • the intermediate portion is in contact with the inner wall of the restraining cylinder 2 to constitute the working surface.
  • a threaded coupling member 35 is provided at both ends of the plunger 1 as a coupling interface.
  • the threaded coupling member is a screw directly processed at both ends of the plunger.
  • the shaft having the largest diameter in the middle of the plunger is provided.
  • the tightening device disposed on the surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is a combined restraining ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring in the combined restraining ring are all processed by the steel pipe, and the pre-tightening device is respectively disposed at both ends of the restraining cylinder, and the pre-tightening device is respectively
  • the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 and the outer peripheral surface of the restraining cylinder 2 are configured correspondingly to the external thread structure.
  • the bridge structure As shown in FIG. 18, the largest part of the central portion of the plunger 1 is placed in the middle of the tightening device, and the connecting plate 37 is welded and fixed at both ends of the restraining cylinder respectively, and the lock nut is utilized. 36 cooperates with the threaded coupling 35 at both ends of the plunger to connect the plunger 1 with the fixed connection seat 41 of the bridge 42 and passes the coupling plate 37 with the steel anchor flange 39 fixedly disposed in the pier 40 through the pin 38 is hinged together to complete the assembly of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention between the bridge 42 and the pier 40.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper according to the present invention is also convenient for the scene.
  • the characteristics of the damping parameter adjustment are performed.
  • the pre-tightening device composed of the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 and the external thread structure corresponding to the partial outer surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is provided on both sides of the combined restraining ring, it can be any one at any time.
  • the side adjusts the damping parameters of the product, and the damping parameters can be adjusted simultaneously from both sides.
  • the plunger of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention and the bridge, and the connection between the restraining cylinder and the pier are detachable, so during use, It is very convenient to remove the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention for maintenance and replacement at any time.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention is different from the eighth embodiment in that the combined restraining ring composed of the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 and the pre-tension adjusting nut 44 on one side thereof A space compensation ring 29 is provided between them.
  • the space compensation ring 29 is provided, in addition to the advantages described in the sixth embodiment, the set length of the externally threaded section on the restraining cylinder 2 can be effectively shortened, and the amount of machining can be reduced.
  • the threaded coupling members 35 at both ends of the plunger 1 can also be formed by screw holes, which can perform similar functions and are also protected by the present invention. Within the scope.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention as shown in Fig. 21 differs from the eighth embodiment in that both ends of the plug are optical shafts having a small diameter.
  • the combined restraining ring includes, in addition to the inner ring 4 with an outer tapered surface and the outer ring 3 with an inner tapered surface, an intermediate ring 45 having both an inner tapered surface and an outer tapered surface, the intermediate circle The ring 45 is located between the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3, and the three are fitted to each other by a tapered surface.
  • the inner wall of the restraining cylinder 2 is provided with a wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 46
  • the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 46 is made of a copper alloy material
  • the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve is connected with the restraining cylinder by a fastener (not shown).
  • the surface of the plunger 1 is in close contact with the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 46, and the inner wall of the plunger and the restraining cylinder are fitted by the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 46.
  • the pretensioning means on the side of the restraining cylinder 2 on which the restraining ring is combined is constituted by the stopper stopper 11.
  • the limit block 48 is symmetrically disposed on the bridge 92, and the steel block 49 is also disposed in the limit block 48, and the pier 51 is placed on top.
  • the steel anchor 47 is disposed on the surface, and the two ends of the restraining cylinder 2 are respectively spliced and fixed with the connecting plate on the anchor 47, and the two ends of the plunger 1 are respectively welded and fixed with the anchor 49, thereby completing the present.
  • the assembly of the pre-tightening friction damper between the bridge 92 and the pier 51 is invented.
  • the combined restraining ring is composed of the inner ring, the middle ring and the outer ring, it can achieve a larger preload force under the condition of the same matching surface with the restraining cylinder, that is, achieving a larger damping force.
  • the middle ring can also be provided with two or more layers.
  • the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve is added on the inner surface of the restraining cylinder, the surface of the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve is used as the working surface to cooperate with the plunger, thereby significantly improving the wear resistance of the working surface, and avoiding the steel-steel similar materials in the long-term. Cold motion occurs under mutual movement and high contact stress, and the friction coefficient is stable, which can greatly extend the service life of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve can also be composed of ceramic alloy materials, powder metallurgy materials, carbon fiber materials or brake pads.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve can also be fixedly connected with the binding cylinder or the plunger by a joining process such as an embedded connection or a splicing connection, for example, as shown in FIG. 23, the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 46 can also be fixedly disposed on the surface of the plunger 1 by means of an embedded connection, and can also achieve the same effect, all of which are within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
  • the wall thickness of the restraining cylinder can be appropriately reduced in the technical solution of the present embodiment, which is advantageous for saving materials; and the pre-tightening force of the present invention is adjustable with FIG.
  • the one side of the combined restraint ring in the technical solution of the present example uses the limit pull block to give a limit, and the external thread processing process is omitted, which is beneficial to save processing cost.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention is also suitable for the working condition of rotation, as shown in Fig. 24, the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention, including the cylindrical plunger 1 and the constraint made of steel pipe
  • the barrel 2 is further provided with a tightening device on the surface of the binding cylinder, and the tightening device is a combined restraining ring, and the combined restraining ring is specifically formed by combining the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 made of steel, in order to prevent the combined restraining ring from slipping off, the bundle A pretensioning device formed by the limit stop 11 is further disposed on one side of the tightening device.
  • the restraining cylinder 2 is also welded and fixed with an anti-torsion flange 58.
  • the anti-torsion flange 58 is limited to the other side of the combined restraining ring.
  • the corresponding plunger 1 is provided with a rotary conversion mechanism, which is specifically a clutch mechanism composed of a clutch disc 52 and a clutch disc 53.
  • the restraining cylinder 2 is fixed to the metal connecting member 56 provided in the mechanical device frame 57 by the fastener 59 and the anti-torsion flange 58, and the clutch disc 52 is fixed at the end of the plunger 1, and the clutch disc 53 is correspondingly clutched.
  • the disc 52 is fixed to the rotating body 54 which is rotatable relative to the mechanical device frame 57 and has a braking requirement, and constitutes a clutch mechanism.
  • the rotating body 54 can be combined with the mechanical device frame 57 under the restriction of the restraint 55.
  • the friction damper with the preload force adjustable according to the present invention does not work; when the rotation of the rotating body 54 relative to the mechanical device frame 57 requires braking, The plunger axially moves the rotating body 54 to bring the clutch disc 53 into close contact with the clutch disc 52, and the clutch disc 53 and the clutch disc 52 immediately rotate synchronously, and the plunger 1 is rotated in the restraining cylinder 2, and the pre-tightening force of the present invention at this time
  • the adjustable friction damper starts to work. Since the tightening device is disposed on the surface of the restraining cylinder 2, there is a continuous frictional resistance between the two during the rotation of the plunger 1 in the restraining cylinder 2, and the frictional resistance is reversed. The rotational energy of the plunger 1 is consumed, and the rotational energy of the rotating body 54 is continuously consumed, so that the rotating body 54 is decelerated or stabilized against the mechanical device frame 57.
  • a torsion-resistant flange can also be provided on the plunger, and a corresponding rotation conversion mechanism in the form of a clutch is provided on the restraining cylinder, and the same effect can be achieved, and no additional BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The scope of the invention is also claimed.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the eleventh embodiment in that the plunger 1 is provided with an anti-torsion flange 60, and one end of the constraining cylinder 2 is provided with a rotation conversion.
  • the rotation conversion mechanism is specifically a matching mechanism of the gear 64 and the rack 65.
  • the other end of the binding cylinder 2 is provided with a pretensioning device, and the pretensioning device is provided by the preloading force adjusting nut 44 and
  • the partial outer surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is constituted by a corresponding external thread structure.
  • the bridge adopts a one-way sliding bearing
  • the anti-torsion flange 60 is fastened by the fastener 62.
  • the steel anchors 61 fixedly disposed on the top surface of the pier 63 are connected together, so that the plunger 1 is fixedly connected to the pier 63, and the gear 64 is spliced and fixed to the top end of the restraining cylinder 2, and the rack 65 and the steel anchor provided in the bridge 66 are fixed.
  • the rack 65 is disposed along the longitudinal direction of the bridge 66, and the gear 64 is engaged with the middle of the rack 65 to complete the friction damping of the preload of the present invention.
  • the device is installed at the connection between the pier and the bridge.
  • the bridge 66 moves or vibrates in the direction in which the rack 65 is arranged.
  • the gear 64 rotates synchronously, and the gear 64 also drives the restraining cylinder 2
  • the rotation of the plunger 1 is reversed, thereby converting the horizontal movement of the bridge 66 into the rotation between the restraining cylinder 2 and the plunger 1.
  • the friction damper with the pre-tightening force of the present invention starts to work, due to the restraining cylinder 2
  • the surface is provided with a tightening device.
  • the rack 65 and the bridge 66 act to make the horizontal movement or vibration of the rack 65 and the bridge 66 quickly become stationary, which is advantageous for improving the safety of driving.
  • the damping parameter of the product of the present invention can be adjusted at any time according to the actual work.
  • the rotation conversion mechanism can also be a specific form such as a sprocket-chain coupling mechanism, a toothed belt and a pulley coupling mechanism, and all of the same functions can be realized, which is only a single-transformation of the same type of transmission mechanism, no longer
  • the description of the drawings is within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention as shown in Figs. 27 and 28 differs from the twelfth embodiment in that the rotation conversion mechanism provided on the plunger 1 when the object 72 moves horizontally relative to the base frame 77 It can also be an eccentric slider and a guiding groove matching mechanism.
  • the restraining cylinder 2 is fixed to the metal connecting member 76 fixedly disposed in the base frame 77 by the fastener 75 and the anti-torsion flange 74.
  • the connecting lug 68 is fixedly disposed on the plunger 1, and the pin is reused.
  • the shaft 70 is hingedly disposed on the connecting lug 68 to be provided with an eccentric slider 69.
  • the guiding groove 71 formed by the channel steel is spliced and fixed with the steel anchor 73 fixedly disposed in the object 72, and the eccentric slider 69 is embedded in the The guide groove 71 is slidable in the guide groove 71 to complete the installation of the friction damper of the pretensioning force of the present invention between the object 72 and the base frame 77.
  • the eccentric slider 69 moves horizontally along with the guide groove 71 in addition to the relative movement along the guide groove 71, and is eccentric.
  • the connecting lug 68 and the plunger 1 are rotated relative to the restraining cylinder 2, thereby converting the horizontal movement of the object 72 into the rotation of the plunger 1 relative to the restraining cylinder 2.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention starts to work.
  • the surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is provided with a combined restraining ring composed of the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3, the combined restraining ring can reserve a high pre-tightening force.
  • a large, and very stable binding force is generated on the restraining cylinder, so that there is a continuous frictional resistance between the two during the rotation of the plunger 1 in the restraining cylinder 2, and the frictional resistance reversely consumes the plunger 1
  • the rotational energy in turn, continually consuming the kinetic energy of the object 72, causing the object 72 to quickly become stationary relative to the base frame 77.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is different from that of the thirteenth embodiment in that
  • the guiding groove is composed of a limiting groove structure directly arranged on an object that is easy to move.
  • the following is an example of the application in the bridge construction, in order to simultaneously limit the movement of the bridge 79 relative to the pier 80 in the longitudinal direction (ie, the X direction in the figure) and the lateral direction (ie, the Y direction in the figure), the corresponding X-direction in the bridge 79
  • the Y-directions are respectively provided with guiding grooves 71a and 71b, and the guiding grooves 71a and 71b are respectively arranged on the bottom surface of the bridge 79.
  • a friction damper wherein the restraining cylinders 2a and 2b are fixedly coupled to the pier 80 by anti-twist flanges (not shown), respectively, and the connecting lugs 68a and 68b are respectively disposed on the plunger la and the plunger lb.
  • the eccentric slider 69a is hinged to the connecting lug 68a via the pin 78a
  • the eccentric slider 69b is hinged to the connecting lug 68b via the pin 78b.
  • the eccentric slider 69a and the eccentric slider 69b are respectively embedded in the guiding groove. 71a and guide groove 71b.
  • the surface of the restraining cylinder 2b is provided with a tightening device composed of a combined restraining ring (not specifically shown in the drawing), there is a continuous frictional resistance between the plunger lb during the rotation in the restraining cylinder 2b.
  • the frictional resistance reverse work continuously consumes the rotational energy of the plunger lb, thereby hindering the horizontal movement of the bridge 79 in the Y direction, so that the bridge 79 quickly becomes stationary relative to the pier 80.
  • the pre-tightening force adjusting nuts 44a and 44b are respectively disposed in the two friction dampers with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention, the pre-tightening force of the present invention can be separately adjusted according to different vibration damping requirements of the engineering for the X direction and the Y direction. It is very convenient to adjust the damping parameters of the friction damper.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the pre-tightening friction damper shown in FIG. 14 in the seventh embodiment in that the combined confinement ring includes a plurality of inner rings 4 and The outer ring 3, the same number of the two, the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 - corresponding to each other and overlapped by the inner and outer tapered surfaces, between adjacent outer rings and between adjacent inner rings There is no gap, and the inner cone of the adjacent outer ring is inclined The oblique direction and the outer tapered surface of the inner ring are also inclined in the same direction.
  • a pretensioning device is disposed on the restraining cylinder 2, the pretensioning device includes a limiting stopper 11 fixedly welded to the surface of the restraining cylinder 2, and further includes a preloading force adjusting nut 44 and a corresponding outer surface of the restraining cylinder 2
  • the threaded structure, the limit stop 11 and the pre-tensioning adjustment nut 44 are respectively disposed on both sides of the combined restraint ring.
  • a space compensation ring 100 is further disposed between the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 and the combined restraining ring, and a clearance fit is adopted between the space compensating ring 100 and the restraining cylinder 2
  • the space compensating ring 100 is pressed against the end surface of the outer ring 3 adjacent to the one end of the combined restraining ring, and the limiting block 11 is pressed against the end surface of the inner ring 4 corresponding to the other end of the combined restraining ring, so that It is ensured that when the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 is adjusted, the pressing force is transmitted through the space compensating ring 100, and can continuously act between all the outer rings, and the same pressing force is generated between all the outer rings. A relative displacement is generated between the ring and the inner ring, thereby effecting a change in the tightening force of the combined
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is basically the same as the method and principle described in the seventh embodiment, and will not be repeatedly described herein.
  • the combined restraining ring is composed of a plurality of sets of inner ring 4 and outer ring 3 stacked on each other, and between the adjacent outer ring 3 and the adjacent inner ring 4
  • the inner ring and the outer circle constituting the combined restraint ring in the technical solution in the present embodiment
  • the force of the ring is always the same. Therefore, the tightening force generated by the combined restraint ring on all contact surfaces of the restraining cylinder is substantially uniform, and the damping performance output is very stable.
  • the pressing force acting on the inner and outer rings in the combined restraining ring is close to the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44.
  • the one side presents a gradual decreasing trend toward the other side, and therefore, the pre-tightening force on the surface of the corresponding restraining cylinder is also gradually reduced, so the change of the output damping force during the change of the position of the plunger in the restraining cylinder It is non-linear.
  • the technical solution of the combined restraint ring in this example can also be applied to the other embodiments in which the intermediate ring is not provided, as long as the one-end pretensioning device only presses against the outer ring, The one-end pretensioning device only presses against the inner ring, which can achieve good results, no longer - the description of the drawings, are all within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
  • the size and number of the outer ring and the inner ring in the combined restraining ring can be specifically selected and designed according to engineering requirements, and theoretically only by An outer ring and an inner ring are not possible here - the drawings show that only the words are given in the scope of protection required by the present invention.
  • the technical solution described in this example can also perform many exercises.
  • the plunger may also be disposed through the restraining cylinder; further, wherein the coupling interface provided on the plunger 1 and the restraining cylinder 2 is not limited to the coupling plate, and may be a coupling ring, a threaded coupling or a coupling flange, etc., as needed.
  • the threaded coupling member may be in the form of a screw or a screw hole; and, for ease of assembly, the inner wall of at least one end of the restraining cylinder is provided with a transition chamfer, or the plunger is at least partially a cone;
  • the device can also be a specific form such as a limit pin and a limit stop shoulder.
  • the pressure release joint can be arranged on the restraining cylinder and a sealing protective sleeve is arranged between the plunger and the restraining cylinder, and the drawings are not illustrated in the drawings. Within the scope of protection required by the invention.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is different from the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in FIG. 30 in that the plunger 1 is provided with a coupling flange 21, which is disposed on the restraining cylinder 2
  • the coupling ring 24, the partial section of the plunger 1 exposed at C outside the restraining cylinder 2 is arranged to be tapered by the coupling flange 21 - laterally confining the cylinder until the inner diameter of the restraining cylinder 2 is the same .
  • the preload adjusting nut employs a hydraulic nut 101.
  • the tightening device further includes an auxiliary tightening device provided on the combined restraining ring, and the auxiliary tightening device is constituted by the spring steel pipe 103.
  • the hydraulic nut 101 When the tightening force is adjusted, the hydraulic nut 101 is driven by a hydraulic device, and the top block 102 of the hydraulic nut projects outwardly against the end of the adjacent outer ring 3, thereby generating the same squeeze between all the outer rings.
  • the pressure causes a relative displacement between the outer ring and the inner ring to effect a change in the tightening force of the combined restraining ring acting on the surface of the restraining cylinder.
  • the outer surface of the combined restraining ring is further provided with a spring steel pipe 103, when the outer ring 3 moves obliquely upward along the tapered surface thereof which cooperates with the inner ring 4, the spring steel pipe 103 as an auxiliary tightening device will be externally
  • the movement of the ring 3 constitutes a constraint, and the resulting binding force acts on the restraining cylinder 2 by combining the restraining rings, thereby facilitating further improvement of the frictional resistance between the restraining cylinder and the plunger, and improving the friction damping of the preloading force of the present invention.
  • the damping force of the output of the device is further provided with a spring steel pipe 103, when the outer ring 3 moves obliquely upward along the tapered surface thereof which cooperates with the inner ring 4, the spring steel pipe 103 as an auxiliary tightening device will be externally
  • the movement of the ring 3 constitutes a constraint, and the resulting binding force acts on the restraining cylinder
  • the application method and the principle of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention are basically the same as those of the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in Fig. 12 in the fifth embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • the positive significance of using the spring steel pipe as the auxiliary tightening device is that a higher damping force output can be achieved under the same conditions of the plunger and the restraining cylinder.
  • the appearance of the product is more beautiful.
  • the hydraulic nut which is a common hydraulic nut on the market, such as the THN series 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ nut provided by Shanghai Xinyu Hydraulic Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd., can be applied to the present invention.
  • Example seventeen the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is different from the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in FIG. 25 in that the number of inner ring 4 and outer ring 3 in the combined restraining ring is the same.
  • the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 are arranged correspondingly to each other, and the inner tapered surface of the outer ring and the outer tapered surface of the inner ring which are superposed together cooperate with each other, and between adjacent outer rings and adjacent sides There is no gap between the rings, and the inclination direction of the inner tapered surface of the adjacent outer ring is also the same as the inclination direction of the outer tapered surface of the inner ring.
  • an auxiliary tightening device is added to the outer surface of the combined restraining ring, and the auxiliary tightening device includes an auxiliary restraining cylinder 104 and a pre-tightening rope 105 wound on the surface of the auxiliary restraining cylinder, and the pre-tightening rope is specifically a steel to which pre-stress is applied. Stranded wire.
  • the application of the pre-tightening adjustable friction damper of the present invention in this example is exactly the same as the pre-tightening adjustable friction damper shown in Fig. 25, and the description thereof will not be repeated here.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force in this example can provide a larger damping force output, and the principle thereof and the principle of the auxiliary tightening device in the sixteenth embodiment. The description is the same and will not be repeated.
  • the pre-tensioning cord may be made of a metal material or a non-metal fiber material, such as steel, iron, memory alloy, etc.
  • the non-metal fiber material includes various natural fibers, artificial fibers or synthetic fibers, such as carbon fibers. , aramid fiber, spider silk or Kevlar fiber, etc.
  • the pre-tightening rope can be various forms such as silk, thread, rope and the like.
  • rotation conversion mechanisms such as a stranding disk, a sprocket and a chain engaging mechanism, a toothed belt and a pulley coupling mechanism, a slider and a guide
  • the groove matching mechanism or the clutch mechanism only needs to be provided with a torsion-resistant flange on the restraining cylinder or the plunger, and correspondingly, a rotary conversion mechanism is arranged on the plunger or the restraining cylinder, which is not illustrated in the drawings.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is different from the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in FIG. 21, and an auxiliary tightening device is added to the outer surface of the combined restraining ring.
  • the tightening device consists of four spring steel rings 106.
  • the cross-sectional profile of the plunger 1 is square, and the restraining cylinder is composed of four sub-constraining cylinders 107.
  • the surface of the sub-constraining cylinder 107 corresponding to the plunger is provided with a wear-resistant rust-proof sheet 109, and the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet 109.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof piece 109 is fixed on the surface of the sub-constraining cylinder 107 by a fastener (not shown), and the four sub-constrained cylinders enclose a substantially circular rim, and the combination constraint
  • the ring is disposed on the surface of the restraining cylinder surrounded by the sub-constraining cylinder 107, and the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet 109 is in close contact with the plunger 1, and the plunger and the inner wall of the restraining cylinder are fitted to each other by the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet 109.
  • the pretensioning means for constraining the surface of the cylinder is entirely constituted by the stopper stopper 11, and the stopper stopper is welded to the sub-binding cylinder.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet is added on the inner surface of the sub-constraining cylinder, the surface of the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet is used as the working surface to cooperate with the plunger, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the working surface, and avoids the steel-steel similar materials in the long-term. Cold bonding occurs without mutual movement and high contact stress, and the friction coefficient is stable, which can greatly prolong the service life of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention.
  • the combined restraint ring can be compressed, and then a space compensation ring is added between the limit stop 11 and the combined restraint ring;
  • the damping force output of the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force can be realized by appropriately reducing the number of outer rings 3, the operation cylinder is simple and convenient.
  • the above pre-tightening force adjustment method is also applicable to other embodiments of the present invention, and will be described together.
  • the constraining cylinder adopts a split structure, which greatly improves the selection range of the restraining cylinder, and is beneficial to reduce the operation difficulty of setting the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet.
  • four sub-constrained cylinders are included, and in practical applications, It may comprise at least two sub-constraining cylinders, the same function being achieved as long as it can enclose an approximately circular outer rim.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet may also be composed of a ceramic alloy material, a powder metallurgy material, a copper alloy material, a carbon fiber material, etc., and the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet may be disposed not only on the inner surface of the restraining cylinder but also On the surface of the plunger.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet can also be fixedly connected with the restraining cylinder or the plunger by a joining process such as an embedded connection or welding.
  • a joining process such as an embedded connection or welding.
  • only the middle ring is provided. Layers, in practice, you can also set two or more layers.
  • the four spring steel rings 106 constitute an auxiliary tightening device. Since the length of the single spring steel ring is relatively low, it is easier to assemble the combined restraining ring. In practical applications, the auxiliary tightening is tight.
  • the device can also be constructed of two, three, five or even more spring steel rings, all of which achieve similar results. The above technical solutions are all based on the scope of protection required by the invention.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is different from the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in FIG. 33, wherein the restraining cylinder 2 is made of an integral steel pipe material, and the combined restraining ring is two.
  • the pre-tensioning device of the side adopts the limiting stopper 11 and the pre-tightening adjusting nut 44 respectively.
  • the inner wall surface of the binding cylinder 2 is further provided with a wear-resistant rust-proof layer 109, and the wear-resistant rust-proof layer 109 is made of a metal material nickel. It is fixedly disposed on the inner wall surface of the restraining cylinder by means of electroplating, and the inner wall of the plunger and the restraining cylinder cooperate with each other through the wear-resistant rustproof layer 109.
  • the wear-resistant anti-rust layer is added on the inner surface of the binding cylinder, the surface of the wear-resistant anti-rust layer is used as the working surface to cooperate with the plunger, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the working surface, and avoids the steel-steel similar materials in the long-term. Cold motion occurs under mutual movement and high contact stress, and the friction coefficient is stable, which can greatly prolong the pretension of the present invention.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof layer can also be composed of a ceramic alloy material, a powder metallurgy material, a copper alloy material, a carbon fiber material, etc.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof layer can be electroplated, sintered, high-temperature sprayed, laser ⁇ Connected to the corresponding surface of the restraining cylinder or plunger.
  • the wear-resistant rust-preventing layer 109 may be provided on the surface of the plunger 1, and the same effect can be obtained.
  • the technical solution of providing a wear-resistant anti-rust layer, a wear-resistant rust-proof sheet or a wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve on the surface of the plunger or the inner wall of the restraining wall may also be
  • the technical solutions recorded in other embodiments of the present invention are all within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention shown in FIG. 37 is different from the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in FIG. 35 in that the combined restraining ring is composed of an inner ring 4 and an outer ring 3.
  • the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 are the same in number, and the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 are superposed on each other to form a group, and the plurality of groups are continuously juxtaposed to form a combined confinement ring, and the inner ring of the outer ring
  • the outer tapered surface of the inner ring and the superimposed inner surface cooperate with each other, and there is no gap between adjacent outer rings and adjacent inner annular rings, and the inner tapered surface of the adjacent outer ring is inclined and inner circle
  • the outer tapered surface of the ring also remains in the same direction.
  • the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 engaged with the externally threaded portion provided on the partial surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is pressed against the end surface of the outer ring 3 at one end of the combined restraining ring, and the surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is spliced to the fixed limit stop 11 Pressed on the end face of the inner ring 4 at the other end of the combined confinement ring.
  • the inner surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is fixedly provided with a wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 110, and the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 110 is made of a ceramic alloy material, and the inner wall of the plunger and the restraining cylinder are matched by the wear-resistant rustproof sleeve 110.
  • the wear-resistant anti-rust layer is added on the inner surface of the binding cylinder, the surface of the wear-resistant anti-rust layer is used as the working surface to cooperate with the plunger, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the working surface, and avoids the steel-steel similar materials in the long-term. Cold motion occurs under mutual movement and high contact stress, and the friction coefficient is stable, which can greatly extend the service life of the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve can also be composed of powder metallurgy materials, copper alloy materials, carbon fiber materials or brake pads. Of course, the wear-resistant rust-proof sleeve can also be placed on the surface of the plunger. The same effect is also achieved within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
  • the pre-tightening friction damper of the present invention is different from the pre-tightening friction damper shown in FIG. 33 in that the combined restraining ring is composed of only one outer ring 3 and one inner ring. 4 composition, the inner ring and the outer ring are superposed on each other, and the inner cone surface of the outer ring and the outer cone surface of the inner ring cooperate with each other.
  • the pretensioning device disposed on one side of the combined restraining ring is provided by the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 and the partial outer surface of the inner ring 4
  • the thread structure is configured, the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 is pressed against one end of the outer ring 3, and on the other side of the combined restraining ring, the surface of the sub-constraining cylinder 107 is fixed to the inner ring 3 by the limit stop 11 On the end face.
  • the surface of the plunger 1 is fixedly provided with a wear-resistant rust-proof sheet 111, and the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet 111 is made of a copper alloy material.
  • the technical solution described in this example overcomes the technical solution shown in FIG. 33, and the restraining cylinder is composed of a plurality of sub-constrained cylinders.
  • the surface of the restraining cylinder is not easy to be provided with an external thread structure, and the pre-tightening nut cannot be used for limiting and pre-tightening.
  • the problem of adjustment improves the applicability of the product.
  • the outer ring in the combined restraint ring may also be composed of two, three or even more independent outer rings, that is, the number of outer rings is larger than that of the inner ring,
  • the inner ring can also be composed of two, three or even more independent inner rings, and is also within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
  • the advantage is that it can be adjusted independently, and the variable damping force can be realized, for example, the middle is small and the two ends are large. The damping is small when the displacement is small, and the damping is large when the displacement is large.
  • the wear-resistant rust-proof sheet 111 can be made of a copper alloy material, or can be composed of a ceramic alloy material, a powder metallurgy material, a carbon fiber material or a brake pad, and can all have a good effect.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is different from the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in FIG. 38, in which two sets of combined restraining rings are disposed on the surface of the restraining cylinder 2 made of steel pipe.
  • the two sets of combined restraining rings are symmetrically disposed along the fixed limit stop 11 disposed at the middle of the surface of the restraining cylinder, wherein one set of combined restraining rings is formed by superposing one inner ring 117 and two outer rings 115 and 116 on each other, and the other combination
  • the confinement ring is formed by superposing two inner rings 118 and 119 and one outer ring 120 on each other, and the inner conical surface of the outer ring and the outer conical surface of the inner ring cooperate with each other.
  • the pretensioning device provided on one side of each group of the combination restraining ring is composed of a pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44 and a partial outer surface of the inner ring 4 correspondingly provided with an external thread structure.
  • the inner wall surface of the restraining cylinder is provided with a wear-resistant rustproof layer 112, and the wear-resistant rustproof layer 112 is composed of a powder metallurgy material.
  • the technical solution of this example has the advantage that it can be independently adjusted, and variable damping force can be realized. For example, when the piston moves to the left, the damping force becomes smaller, and when the piston moves to the right, the damping force becomes larger, or vice versa.
  • the damping force output can be adjusted at any time by using the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44, which is very convenient to apply.
  • an anti-rust layer may also be disposed on the corresponding surface of the plunger, and the wear-resistant anti-rust layer may be disposed on the surface of the binding cylinder or the plunger by electroplating, sintering, high-temperature spraying, laser splicing, etc., such as nickel plating, etc.
  • the wear-resistant rustproof layer may also be composed of a ceramic alloy material, a copper alloy material, a carbon fiber material or a brake pad, etc., all of which are within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
  • the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the present invention is different from the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force shown in FIG. 17 in that the surface of the restraining cylinder 2 is set.
  • Two sets of combined restraining rings, the two sets of combined restraining rings are symmetrically arranged along the fixed limit block 11 disposed at the middle of the surface of the restraining cylinder, and the pretensioning device provided on the other side of each set of the combined restraining ring is composed of a preloading force adjusting nut 44 and a restraining cylinder
  • the partial outer surface is configured corresponding to the external thread structure.
  • the damping force output can be adjusted at any time by using the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44, and the application is very convenient.
  • the friction ring damper of the present invention has a smaller number of inner ring and outer ring, and thus is more in the manufacturing process. It is easy to operate.
  • the pre-tightening force is gradually reduced from the side of the near pre-tightening force regulating nut 44 to the other side, thereby reducing each
  • the number of inner ring and outer ring in the combined restraining ring is beneficial to keep the relative change of the pre-tightening force distribution on the surface of the restraining cylinder small, the pre-tightening force of each segment between the restraining cylinder and the plunger is relatively uniform, and the output damping The force is relatively stable. When the piston is centered, the damping force is small, and it becomes larger when it is on both sides. This feature can be intentionally used in the project.
  • the friction damper with adjustable preload force of the present invention is different from the friction damper with adjustable preload force shown in FIG. 40, wherein two sets of combined restraining rings are disposed on the surface of the restraining cylinder 2, wherein, one set The inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 in the combined restraint ring are alternately arranged, and the inner ring 122 and the inner ring 121 in the other set of combined restraint rings are arranged correspondingly to each other.
  • the damping force output can be adjusted at any time by using the pre-tightening force adjusting nut 44, which is very convenient to apply and can be independently adjusted.
  • the technical solutions described in the above embodiments of the present invention are only for better understanding of the technical principles of the present invention, and are not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments, and the technical solutions in many embodiments may be cross-utilized. Good results can also be achieved, and are not exemplified herein, and are all within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
  • the plunger and the restraining cylinder of the present invention can be made of a metal or a non-metal material.
  • the steel can be utilized according to the damping force of the required output.
  • the inner ring and the outer ring are made of a non-metallic material such as a metal material or nylon, and the material is widely used, and the damping force output that can be formed varies greatly.
  • Pre-tightening force of the invention Wiping damper, structural tube, stable performance, basically no maintenance, long service life, can continue to be used after maintenance, has regenerative characteristics, is very environmentally friendly, especially the friction damper with adjustable pre-tightening force of the invention can be conveniently carried out
  • the damping parameter is adjusted, so the damping parameter of the product can be optimized and adjusted according to the actual project.
  • the engineering utility is better and has broad market application prospects.

Abstract

预应力可调的摩擦阻尼器,包括柱塞(1)和约束筒(2),柱塞(1)至少局部设置在约束筒(2)内,约束筒(2)的外表面上对应约束筒(2)内壁的工作表面设有环向闭合的束紧装置,束紧装置为至少一组组合约束环,组合约束环由带有内锥面的外圆环(3)和带有外锥面的内圆环(4)配合组成,柱塞(1)与约束筒(2)内壁紧密接触配合,或者柱塞(1)与约束筒(2)内壁之间设置耐磨防锈层、耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套。本摩擦阻尼器结构简单、性能稳定,基本无需维修、使用寿命长,可以方便地进行阻尼参数调整,根据现场工程实际对产品的阻尼参数进行优化调整,实用性好,具有广阔的市场应用前景。

Description

预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器
技术械
本发明涉及一种沖击、 振动、 地震控制装置, 一种阻尼器, 尤其是工业緩沖 和建筑结构的减震消能用阻尼器。
背景技术
阻尼器是一种应用广泛的振动控制基本元件, 用于机械、 交通工具、 桥梁、 建筑结构的减振、 緩沖、 减震、 耗能。
最常见的阻尼器为小孔节流式, 也称液压油缸式, 其由活塞、 缸体和密封组 成, 活塞设有若干小孔或与缸体之间留有适当径向间隙, 活塞将油缸分为两活塞 腔, 活塞腔内充有液压油或粘度稍高的粘滞液体, 如硅油, 当活塞相对于油缸运 动时, 液压油从活塞间隙或小孔流到另一活塞腔, 两活塞腔压力差形成对活塞的 运动阻力, 做功, 将机械能转化为热能, 从而达到吸收外界能量的目的。 这种阻 尼器经过几十年的不断改进, 已很完善。 但由于构造方面的原因, 具有天生的缺 陷, 例如必须采用严格的密封, 结构复杂, 对加工精度和零件可靠性敏感, 造价 高, 寿命短, 无法维修, 工作油泄漏易污染环境等。 常见的阻尼器还包括屈曲约 束支撑和金属屈服阻尼器, 这些阻尼器主要应用在建筑抗地震领域, 此类阻尼器 通常仅针对强震设计, 而且位移有限, 屈服力与位移和循环周次有相关性, 无法 维修进行重复利用。
另一种常用的阻尼器是摩擦阻尼器, 其用于桥梁、 建筑结构的消能緩沖、 消 能减震。 目前, 常用的摩擦阻尼器主要分为两类: 一类利用电磁装置控制滑动摩 擦力, 例如申请号 018007365.4专利公开的一种磁控摩擦阻尼器, 此类阻尼器结 构复杂, 使用过程中需要一定的能源, 因此造价和使用成本均较高; 另一类利用 机械原理控制滑动摩擦力, 市场上常用的此类摩擦阻尼器主要有平板式和圓管式 两种, 例如申请号 200810056406.6 专利公开的一种板式变摩擦阻尼器和申请号 200910210939.X专利公开的一种位移线性摩擦阻尼器。 现有技术中, 平板式的摩 擦阻尼器主要由滑动板和夹板组成, 再通过预紧螺栓和弹簧组装压紧, 由于结构 中使用了弹簧, 预紧力较小, 4艮难实现大阻尼力输出, 若想大幅提高预紧力, 弹 簧所需空间太大, 实用性差, 单独使用预紧螺栓又无法保持阻尼力长时间、 多周 次稳定; 圓管式的摩擦阻尼器主要由外筒和活塞组成, 通过外筒和活塞的过盈配 合形成摩擦面所需的正压力, 此类摩擦阻尼器在工作过程中, 无法维持摩擦面始 终处于高预压应力状态, 一旦活塞或外筒内壁出现磨损, 出力将大幅下降, 阻尼 性能不稳定, 难以满足多周次使用要求。 另外, 由于此类阻尼器对外筒和活塞的 配合状态要求很高, 因此装配难度大, 性能参数不易控制, 而且无法维修进行重 复利用。
针对上述阻尼器的缺陷, 申请号为 201220208910.5的专利公开了一种摩擦式 阻尼器, 其利用预紧圓环或预紧线绳构成环向闭合的束紧装置, 提供稳定的环向 应力,在柱塞和约束筒发生相对移动时产生持续的摩擦阻尼力, 实现耗能的作用。 这种摩擦式阻尼器虽然可以实现更大的阻尼力输出, 阻尼性能更加稳定, 适用性 也更好, 但是也存在一定的缺点, 表现在: (1 )利用预紧圓环作为束紧装置时, 摩擦式阻尼器的阻尼参数固定, 无法根据工程实际情况进行现场调整; (2 )预紧 线绳构成束紧装置时, 其在施加预紧力的状态下进行缠绕, 加工工艺比较复杂, 需要专业的操作设备, 操作不当, 阻尼参数就会发生变化, 因此一般情况下也无 法在现场进行参数调整。 由于上述缺点的存在, 在一定程度上影响了摩擦式阻尼 器的市场推广应用。
如何克服现有摩擦阻尼器的缺陷, 使其更好地满足工程应用的需要, 成为此 类产品在市场推广应用中必须解决的一个难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述缺陷, 提供一种阻尼参数便于现场进行调节 的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器。
本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器是这样实现的: 包括柱塞和约束筒, 柱塞至 少局部设置在约束筒内, 约束筒的外表面上对应约束筒内壁的工作表面设有环向 闭合的束紧装置, 其特征在于束紧装置为至少一组组合约束环, 组合约束环由带 有内锥面的外圓环和带有外锥面的内圓环配合组成, 柱塞与约束筒内壁紧密接触 配合, 或者柱塞与约束筒内壁之间设置耐磨防锈层、 耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套。
组合约束环中内圓环与外圓环的数量及配合方式可以多种多样, 例如内圓环 与外圓环沿约束筒轴向交错设置, 外圓环的内锥面与相邻内圓环的外锥面相互配 合, 相邻的内圓环或 /和相邻外圓环之间留有间隙; 此外, 夕卜圓环与内圓环彼此叠 加设置, 外圓环的内锥面与叠加在一起的内圓环的外锥面相互配合, 外圓环与内 圓环各至少设置一个。 其中, 当外圓环与内圓环的数量超过一个时, 相邻外圓环 之间及相邻内圓环之间均没有间隙, 并且相邻外圓环的内锥面倾斜方向与内圓环 的外锥面倾斜方向也保持相同。
本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器中的束紧装置还可以包括设置在组合约束环 上的辅助束紧装置。 辅助束紧装置可以由弹簧钢环或弹簧钢管构成, 此外, 辅助 束紧装置还可以由组合约束环表面设置的辅助约束筒及辅助约束筒表面缠绕的预 紧线绳共同构成, 所述预紧线绳可以由金属材料或非金属纤维材料制成, 其具体 可以是丝、 线、 绳索等各种形式。
为了充分发挥束紧装置的预紧作用, 与柱塞配合的约束筒的局部筒体上设有 至少一条沿筒体轴向延伸的压力释放缝。 此外, 为了便于与周边结构进行连接, 柱塞或 /和约束筒上设置联接接口, 联接接口包括联接板、 联接环、 螺纹联接件或 联接法兰, 螺纹联接件包括螺杆或螺孔。 另外, 为了防止异物进入本发明预紧力 可调的摩擦阻尼器中, 柱塞和约束筒之间还可以设置密封保护套。
出于防止组合约束环在使用过程中发生意外滑脱的考虑, 组合约束环两侧还 设有预紧装置。 所述预紧装置的具体形式多种多样, 其可以为约束筒上设置的限 位销、 限位挡块或者是限位挡肩; 此外, 另一种典型结构是, 至少组合约束环一 侧设置的预紧装置由预紧力调节螺母及约束筒局部外表面对应设置的外螺纹结构 构成; 第三种典型结构为, 至少组合约束环一侧设置的预紧装置由预紧力调节螺 母及内圓环局部外表面对应设置外螺纹结构构成。 特别要指出的是, 所述预紧力 调节螺母除了应用常规螺母以外,还可以是液压螺母。除了起到预紧装置的作用, 设置预紧力调节螺母的另一个有益效果在于, 通过调整预紧力调节螺母的位置, 可以方便地实现调整本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的阻尼参数。 另外, 为方便 实现调整本发明的阻尼参数的目的, 也可以在组合约束环与至少一侧的预紧装置 之间设置空间补偿环。
为了方便约束筒与柱塞之间进行装配以及调整输出阻尼力等需要, 约束筒至 少一侧端部的内壁设有过渡倒角, 或者柱塞至少局部为锥体。 此外, 为了达到延 长使用寿命的目的, 同时防止柱塞和约束筒发生冷粘连或锈独, 可以在本发明中 约束筒的内壁或柱塞的表面设置耐磨防锈层、 耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套, 可以用 于构成所述耐磨防锈层、 耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套的材料包括陶瓷合金材料、 粉 末冶金材料、 铜合金材料、 碳纤维材料和刹车片等, 其中耐磨防锈套及耐磨防护 片可以利用紧固件连接、 嵌入式连接或焊接等连接工艺与约束筒或柱塞固定连接 在一起, 耐磨防锈层可以利用电镀、 烧结、 高温喷涂、 激光悍接等方式设置在约 束筒或柱塞的相应表面。
所述约束筒也可以采用分体式的结构, 由至少二个子约束筒共同组成。
本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器同样也适用于转动的工况, 例如, 在约束筒 或柱塞上设置抗扭转法兰, 对应的柱塞或约束筒上设有转动转换机构。 所述转动 转换机构包括绞线盘、 齿轮与齿条配合机构、 链轮与链条配合机构、 齿形带与皮 带轮配合机构、 滑块与导向槽配合机构或离合器机构等。 利用转动转换机构将相 连外部结构的运动位移转移或转化为柱塞与约束筒之间的相对转动, 由于约束筒 表面设置了束紧装置, 在柱塞与约束筒相对转动时二者之间会产生持续的摩擦阻 力, 从而实现耗能, 使相连外部结构的运动很快趋于静止。
本发明中组合约束环可以直接由环形弹簧构成。 此外, 组合约束环还可以采 用如下结构: 包括带有外锥面的内圓环和带有内锥面的外圓环, 以及位于内圓环 和外圓环之间并同时带有内锥面和外锥面的中间圓环, 三者通过锥面依次配合。 根据工程需要不同, 所述中间圓环可以仅设置一层, 也可以设置至少两层, 当中 间圓环设置两层或两层以上时, 外层中间圓环的内锥面与相邻内层中间圓环的外 锥面相互配合。
本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器工作时, 柱塞或 /和约束筒在外力作用下沿轴 向产生相对运动或绕轴向产生偏转, 由于约束筒外表面设置了专门的束紧装置, 束紧装置可以储备较高的束紧应力对约束筒产生较大的、 且十分稳定的束缚力, 因此当柱塞与约束筒发生相对运动时, 约束筒内壁与柱塞之间会产生一阻碍柱塞 运动的摩擦阻力, 该摩擦阻力总是与柱塞的运动方向相反, 从而消耗外力做功, 将机械能转化为热能。 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器除了具备设置环向闭合束 紧装置的现有摩擦式阻尼器的所有优点以外, 由于本发明中利用组合约束环作为 束紧装置使用, 通过改变组合约束环中外圓环与内圓环之间的相对位置, 就可以 改变束紧装置提供的环向束紧力, 从而改变本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的阻 尼参数, 实现不同的阻尼力输出, 因此本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以很容 易实现根据工程需要在现场进行阻尼参数调整, 其实用性和适用性更强。
本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 结构筒单、 性能稳定, 基本无需维修、 使 用寿命长, 检修后可以继续使用, 具有可再生特性, 十分环保, 特别是本发明预 紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以方便地进行阻尼参数调整, 因此可以现场根据工程实 际对产品的阻尼参数进行优化调整, 其工程实用性更好, 具有广阔的市场应用前 景。 附图说明
图 1为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之一。
图 2为图 1的 A-A剖视图。
图 3为图 1所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用示意图。
图 4为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二。
图 5为图 4的俯视图。
图 6为图 5所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用示意图之一。
图 7为图 6中的 B部放大图。
图 8为图 5所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用示意图之二。
图 9为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之三。
图 10为图 9所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用示意图。
图 11为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之四及其应用示意图。 图 12为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之五及其应用示意图。 图 13为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之六及其应用示意图。 图 14为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之七。
图 15为图 14所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用示意图。
图 16为图 15的 D向视图。
图 17为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之八。
图 18为图 17所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用示意图。
图 19为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之九。
图 20为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十。
图 21为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十一。
图 22为图 21所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用示意图。
图 23为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十二。 图 24 为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十三及其应用示意 图。
图 25 为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十四及其应用示意 图。
图 26为图 25的 E-E剖视图。
图 27 为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十五及其应用示意 图。
图 28为图 27的 F向视图。
图 29 为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十六及其应用示意 图。
图 30为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十七。
图 31为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十八。
图 32 为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之十九及其应用示意 图。
图 33 为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十及其应用示意 图。
图 34为图 33的 H-H剖视图。
图 35为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十一。
图 36为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十二。
图 37为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十三。
图 38为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十四。
图 39为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十五。
图 40为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十六。
图 41为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的结构示意图之二十七。
具体实施方式
实施例一
如图 1和图 2所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 包括柱塞 1和约束筒 2, 柱塞 1与约束筒 2内壁的工作表面紧密接触, 约束筒外表面对应约束筒内壁的工 作表面设有环向闭合的束紧装置, 束紧装置为一组组合约束环, 组合约束环由多 个带有内锥面的外圓环 3和多个带有外锥面的内圓环 4配合组成, 组合约束环中 的内圓环 4与约束筒 2外表面之间为过盈配合。
下面以在桥梁结构中的应用为例对本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的工作 原理进行说明, 其中本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的柱塞 1和约束筒 2均由钢 材制成, 组合约束环中的内圓环 4和外圓环 3均由弹簧钢制成。 如图 3所示, 根 据桥梁的理论设计参数作为本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的设计输入, 确定本 发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的各组成部件尺寸和阻尼力输出。 组装本发明预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器时, 首先将柱塞 1、 约束筒 2及组合约束环装配在一起, 然 后挤压组合约束环, 通过改变组合约束环中外圓环 3与内圓环 4间彼此的相对位 置直至实现对约束筒 2施加预定的、稳定的束缚力,再利用两块耳板 90从组合约 束环两侧悍接固定在约束筒 2上, 从而将组合约束环的位置进行限定。 与桥梁结 构进行装配时, 将耳板 90与桥梁 6中锚接固定的钢制连接座 5焊接固定在一起, 将柱塞 1的两端与锚接固定设置在桥墩 8中的钢制连接座 7焊接固定在一起, 完 成本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器在桥梁 6及桥墩 8之间的装配。 当桥梁 6与桥 墩 8之间发生沿柱塞 1轴向的相对运动时, 会带动柱塞 1与约束筒 2之间产生相 对运动, 由于约束筒 2表面设置了组合约束环构成的束紧装置, 束紧装置可以储 备较高的束紧应力对约束筒产生较大的、 且十分稳定的束缚力, 因此当柱塞 1与 约束筒 2发生相对运动时, 约束筒 2内壁与柱塞 1之间会产生一阻碍柱塞运动的 摩擦阻力, 该摩擦阻力总是与柱塞的运动方向相反, 从而消耗外力做功, 将桥梁 6与桥墩 8之间相对运动的机械能转化为热能, 从而消耗外部能量, 实现减振耗 能。 根据所采用组合约束环提供的束紧力不同, 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 可以提供不同的阻尼力输出, 因此根据不同的工程需要,选择相应的组合约束环, 本发明既可以用于控制桥梁日常使用中车辆行驶或大风等恶劣天气引发的振动, 也可以用于控制地震产生的桥体相对运动, 都能起到很好的而耗能防护作用。 基 于上述工作原理, 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以广泛应用于机械、 交通工 具、 桥梁、 建筑结构的减振、 緩沖、 耗能。
由于本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器中不采用任何液体阻尼材料, 因此使用 时没有方向限制, 也不存在泄漏污染环境的隐患, 受环境条件影响 4艮小, 与现有 阻尼器相比, 其阻尼性能更稳定, 适用性和环保性也更好。 本发明技术方案最突 出的优势在于, 当因为工程施工误差等原因需要对阻尼参数进行少量调整时, 只 需要改变耳板 90之间的间距就可以实现,十分方便,有利于保证阻尼参数的精确 性, 从而实现最佳的减振耗能效果。
需要指出的是, 本例所述技术方案中, 组合约束环的束紧力是通过约束筒筒 壁变形再传递至柱塞的, 由于约束筒的变形能力有限, 为保证束紧力更好地转化 为约束筒与柱塞之间接触表面上的预应力, 此类技术方案中, 约束筒的壁厚不宜 太厚, 以免约束筒的强度过大, 阻碍了束紧力向柱塞表面的传递, 降低了约束筒 施加在柱塞表面的预紧力, 即二者之间的正压力, 从而降低最终输出的阻尼力。
本例中以本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器中柱塞 1、 约束筒 2均由钢材制成 为例进行说明, 实际应用中, 根据使用条件的不同和所需阻尼力的不同, 也可以 利用尼龙、工程塑料等材料制成柱塞或 /和约束筒,都可以实现一定的减振、緩沖、 耗能的效果。 此外, 本例中选用弹簧钢制成组合约束环的外圓环 3和内圓环 4, 是因为弹簧钢具有高强度和高延展率, 适于提供束紧力, 当然外圓环和内圓环除 了可以利用弹簧钢加工以外, 根据所需阻尼力输出的不同, 也可以利用其他类型 的钢材、 其他类型的金属材料或非金属类型制成。
图 1所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器中设置了一组组合约束环, 组合约 束环中包含了多个沿约束筒轴向交错设置的内圓环和外圓环, 外圓环的内锥面与 相邻内圓环的外锥面相互配合,相邻的内圓环之间及相邻的外圓环之间留有间隙。 根据其中的技术原理,理论上组合约束环可以仅由二个内圓环和一个外圓环组成, 外圓环的内锥面与相邻内圓环的外锥面相互配合, 相邻的内圓环之间留有间隙; 或者仅由二个外圓环和一个内圓环组成, 外圓环的内锥面与相邻内圓环的外锥面 相互配合, 相邻的外圓环之间留有间隙, 都是在本发明技术原理上的筒单变化, 外圓环和内圓环的尺寸和数量可以根据工程需要进行设计和选择, 因而无法—— 画图示意, 在此仅以文字进行说明, 都在本发明要求的保护范围之中。
本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 结构筒单、 性能稳定, 基本无需维修、 使 用寿命长, 检修后可以继续使用, 具有可再生特性, 十分环保, 特别是本发明预 紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以方便地进行阻尼参数调整, 因此可以现场根据工程实 际对产品的阻尼参数进行优化调整, 其工程实用性更好, 具有广阔的市场应用前 景。
实施例二
如图 4和图 5所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器,与实施例一的区别在于, 组合约束环两侧还设有预紧装置, 预紧装置包括钢制的约束筒 2外表面对应组合 约束环两侧分别悍接固定设置的两个限位挡块 11。 此外, 在对应外圓环 3和内圓 环 4装配部位的约束筒侧壁上设置四条沿筒体轴向延伸的压力! ^放缝 12,所述四 条压力释放缝 12沿约束筒侧壁的环向均匀分布。另夕卜,为了便于与周边结构进行 连接, 柱塞和约束筒上分别设置有联接接口, 所述联接接口具体为柱塞 1上焊接 设置的联接板 10, 以及约束筒 2上焊接固定的联接板 9。 再有, 构成束紧装置的 组合约束环直接采用成品的环形弹簧, 环形弹簧同样由带有内锥面的外圓环 3和 带有外锥面的内圓环 4配合组成, 组合约束环中的内圓环 4与约束筒 2外表面之 间为过盈配合。 为了方便柱塞与约束筒进行装配, 约束筒 2—侧端部的内壁设有 过渡倒角 50。
由于组合约束环直接采用环形弹簧构成, 其可以方便地实现标准化和系列 化, 并且有利于保证组合约束环的质量, 从而保证本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼 器的阻尼性能。 当然, 基于实施例一的技术原理, 本例所述技术方案中, 组合约 束环中的内圓环和外圓环也可以利用钢材加工而成。
下面以本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器应用在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间, 与桥 梁支座 14配合使用为例进行说明。如图 6和图 7所示,将图 4所示的本发明预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器 15沿桥梁的长度方向布置在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间, 桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间还设置有桥梁支座 14, 桥梁支座允许桥梁相对于桥墩沿桥身纵 向和桥身横向相对运动。 为了便于与预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器进行装配, 桥梁 12 上一体化设置有限位块 17 ,限位块 17上设置有连接耳板 19,桥墩 13上对应设置 有连接耳板 21 , 装配时, 柱塞 1上的联接板 10与连接耳板 19通过销轴 18铰接 在一起, 约束筒 2通过联接板 9与连接耳板 21通过销轴 20铰接在一起, 完成本 发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间的装配。当桥梁 16及桥墩 13受到外力激扰(如列车制动、 地震)发生沿桥梁长度方向的振动时, 由于桥梁 支座 14的隔离緩沖作用,桥梁 16相对于桥墩 13会产生相对的往复运动,进而带 动柱塞 1相对约束筒 2发生往复运动, 由于约束筒 2外表面设置的由内圓环 4和 外圓环 3构成的组合约束环对约束筒 2持续产生很大的、 稳定的束缚力, 因此当 柱塞 1与约束筒 2发生相对运动时, 约束筒内壁与柱塞之间会产生一阻碍柱塞运 动的摩擦阻力,从而消耗外力做功,将机械能转化为热能, 这样桥梁 16的振动能 量很快会被本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器消耗吸收, 实现对桥梁 16 的消能减 震。
由于本例所述的技术方案中, 柱塞和约束筒上分别设置有联接板, 因此当本 发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器发生意外损坏时, 可以随时拆卸进行维修或更换, 十分方便。 此外, 由于在约束筒 2筒壁上设置了压力释放缝 12, 可以有效保证组 合约束环的束缚力充分传递至柱塞 1 , 因此可以显著提高约束筒对柱塞的预紧力, 当柱塞与约束筒发生相对移动时, 彼此间会产生很大的摩擦阻力, 进而大大提高 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的阻尼效果。 另外, 由于设置了压力释放缝 12, 约束筒的变形能力提高, 可以采用较厚的钢管制作约束筒, 有利于提高产品的使 用寿命。本例中仅以设置四条沿筒体轴向延伸的压力释放缝 12为例进行说明,在 实际应用中, 压力释放缝的数量也可以是一条、 二条、 三条、五条甚至是更多条, 当压力释放缝的数量超过一条时, 为使约束筒受力更均匀, 一般来说, 压力释放 缝都采用沿约束筒侧壁的环向均布的方式布置。
当因为工程施工误差等原因需要对阻尼参数进行少量调整时, 只需要改变限 位挡块 11之间的间距就可以实现, 十分方便,有利于保证阻尼参数的精确性,从 而实现最佳的减振耗能效果。 实际应用中, 可以将一侧的限位挡块 11去除,再利 用压力机等装置重新挤压组合约束环, 直至实现适于工程要求的束紧力, 然后再 重新焊上一个限位挡块 11 , 实现对组合约束环的限位, 操作过程十分筒单, 只需 要很少的人力物力就可以完成阻尼参数的修正。
基于本例所述的应用原理, 除了将本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 15 沿桥 梁的长度方向布置在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间外, 还可以将本发明预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器 15沿桥梁的宽度方向布置在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间。例如,如图 8所示, 沿桥梁的长度方向在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间布置一组本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻 尼器 15, 同时沿桥梁的宽度方向在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间还布置有另外一组本发 明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 15, 这样, 当桥梁 16相对于桥墩 13产生沿桥梁长度 方向的相对运动时, 沿桥梁的长度方向在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间布置的本发明预 紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 15会消耗外力做功;当桥梁 16相对于桥墩 13产生沿桥梁 宽度方向的相对运动时, 沿桥梁宽度方向在桥梁 16及桥墩 13之间布置的本发明 预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 15会消耗外力做功。 一般来说,桥梁在使用过程中,桥 梁 16及桥墩 13之间会同时产生沿桥梁长度和宽度方向的相对位移, 因此在两个 方向分别设置本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 15可以同时控制桥梁 16在这两个 方向上与桥墩 13间的相对运动, 实现理想的緩沖减振效果。 当然,根据建筑结构 不同可以选择不同的应用方式, 例如, 对于筒支梁结构的桥梁, 可以如图 8所示 在同一个桥墩上分别设置控制两个方向的本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器; 对于 连续梁结构的桥梁, 也可以在部分桥墩上设置控制某一方向的本发明预紧力可调 的摩擦阻尼器, 在其他桥墩上设置控制另一方向的本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼 器, 在使用过程中可以根据安装条件和工程需要选择应用方式。
需要说明的是, 如实施例一和实施例二所述的本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼 器, 柱塞为圓柱体, 其可以在约束筒内发生转动, 由于弹簧钢制成的组合约束环 对约束筒施加了持续的束缚力, 因此柱塞转动时同样与约束筒的内壁发生摩擦, 从而消耗外力做功, 将机械能转化为热能。 所以, 采用此类技术方案的本发明预 紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 不仅在柱塞与约束筒发生轴向相对移动时提供阻尼力, 还可以在柱塞与约束筒发生相对转动时提供阻尼力。 可见, 采用圓柱体柱塞的本 发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 柱塞与约束筒的相对运动并不局限于沿轴线方向 的相对移动, 还包括了二者之间的相对转动, 上述两种情况只要有一种发生, 本 发明就会自动开始工作, 实现减振耗能, 因此此类本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼 器也同样适用于需要提供防止相对偏转的阻尼力的场所。 综上所述, 本发明预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以广泛应用于机械、 交通工具、 桥梁、 建筑结构的减振、 緩沖、 耗能。
实施例三
如图 9所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例二的区别在于, 柱塞 和约束筒上分别设置有联接接口, 所述联接接口具体为柱塞 1上焊接设置的联接 法兰 21 , 以及约束筒 2上焊接固定的联接环 24。 此外, 将柱塞 1棵露在约束筒外 部的 C处所示局部段设置成由联接法兰 21—侧向约束筒方向逐渐变细的锥体结 构, 直至与约束筒 2内径尺寸相同。
下面以应用于钢框架结构中为例进行说明。 安装时, 利用紧固件 23 将钢梁 27上固定设置的联接法兰 22及柱塞 1上固定设置的联接法兰 21连接在一起, 实 现柱塞 1与钢梁 27的连接; 利用紧固件 26将钢梁 28上固定设置的联接法兰 25 与约束筒 2上固定设置的联接环 24连接在一起,实现约束筒 2与钢梁 28的连接, 完成本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的装配。 当钢梁 27和钢梁 28之间发生相对 运动时, 会带动柱塞和子约束筒之间产生相对运动, 进而实现减振耗能。 其耗能 原理与实施例二完全相同, 在此不再重复。 需要指出的是, 由于柱塞 1的 C处局 部段设置成锥体, 因此工作过程中, 当柱塞的锥体段进入约束筒时, 阻尼力会随 着柱塞进入约束筒的锥体段长度增加迅速增大, 实现有效阻碍钢梁 27与钢梁 28 相互靠近的作用。 这种结构的本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以实现很大的阻 尼力。
实施例四
根据实施例三所述的技术原理,也可以将柱塞完全设置成锥体。如图 11所示 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例三的区别在于, 柱塞 1为从插入约束 筒 2的一端向另一端尺寸逐渐变大的锥体。 仍以应用于钢框架结构中为例进行说 明, 与实施例四的区别在于, 安装时, 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器也可以应 用于垂向设置的场合,具体的安装方式与实施例四中的描述相同,不再重复描述。 与实施例四相同, 当锥体结构的柱塞进入约束筒时, 阻尼力会随着柱塞进入约束 筒的长度增加迅速增大, 实现有效阻碍钢梁 27与钢梁 28彼此靠近的作用。
本例以垂向设置本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器为例进行说明, 由于本发明 预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器不受使用方向的限制,因此可以根据需要布置成水平向、 垂向、 倾斜等各种形式, 都可以实现 4艮好的效果, 这一特点也适用于其他实施例 所述的本发明技术方案, 在此一并说明。
实施例五
如图 12 所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例四的区别在于, 组 合约束环两侧设置的预紧装置由限位销 43构成。此外,柱塞 1两端均延伸至约束 筒 2的外面, 同时均设置锥体结构的局部段(。 应用时与实施例四中技术方案的 区别在于, 与柱塞 1的结构变化相对应的, 改变钢梁 28中联接法兰 25的结构, 为柱塞 1提供足够的让位空间。 由于柱塞的两端均设置锥体结构的局部段 C, 因 此工作过程中, 无论柱塞的哪一侧锥体段进入约束筒, 阻尼力都会随着柱塞进入 约束筒的锥体段长度增加迅速增大, 实现有效阻碍钢梁 27与钢梁 28之间发生相 对运动的作用, 所述的相对运动, 包括了钢梁 27与钢梁 28之间的相互靠近、 相 互远离及相互偏转等三种运动形式。
当需要增加本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器输出的阻尼力时, 可以利用千斤 顶等压力装置挤压组合约束环, 直至组合约束环提供足够的束紧力, 再在组合约 束环的侧面重新打孔并设置限位销, 对组合约束环实施锁定限位。
实施例六
如图 13 所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例五的区别在于, 柱 塞 1和约束筒 2之间设有橡胶材料制成的密封保护套 91。 此外, 组合约束环与一 侧的限位销 43之间设有空间补偿环 29。
由于设置了密封保护套, 可以有效防止异物进入本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻 尼器中, 有利于延于本发明产品的使用寿命。 当然根据使用环境的不同, 密封保 护套也可以用无纺布、 不锈钢波纹管等材料制成。 另外, 由于设置了空间补偿环, 本例所述的本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器还可以方便地实现增大或减小阻尼力 输出, 想要增大输出的阻尼力时, 可以压缩组合约束环, 同时相应的增大空间补 偿环的宽度; 想要减小输出的阻尼力时, 可以直接通过减小空间补偿环的宽度来 实现。
根据本例所述的技术原理, 也可以在组合约束环的两侧与限位销之间同时设 置空间补偿环, 另外, 本发明其他实施例中, 也可以根据需要设置空间补偿环或 / 和密封保护套, 都在本发明要求的保护范围之中。
实施例七
如图 14 所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例二的区别在于, 约 束筒 2外表面上设有预紧装置, 所述预紧装置包括外圓环 3和内圓环 4构成的组 合约束环一侧设置的限位挡肩 30,以及组合约束环另一侧设置的预紧力调节螺母 44和约束筒 2局部外表面对应设置的外螺纹结构。 需要说明的是, 为实现限位功 能, 同时便于组合约束环与约束筒之间进行装配, 约束筒 2的外表面采用了阶梯 轴的结构, 与组合约束环配合段的约束筒外径小于挡肩 30所在一侧的约束筒外 径, 但大于设有外螺纹结构一侧的约束筒外径。
下面以图 14所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 34应用于房屋建筑抗震为 例进行说明。 如图 15和 16所示, 房屋 32与地基 33之间设置有抗震支座 31 , 此 夕卜,根据抗震需要, 在房屋 32的下方, 沿房屋的横向和纵向还分别布置有多个本 发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 34, 其中, 预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 34的一端与 房屋 32铰接相连, 另一端与地基 33铰接相连。 当地震来临时, 在地震波的作用 下, 房屋 32会在抗震支座 31上发生晃动, 使房屋 32与地基 33之间产生相对移 动, 进而带动预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 34 中的柱塞与子约束筒之间发生相对运 动, 实现迅速消耗能量, 降低房屋晃动幅度, 避免房屋发生倒塌, 实现良好的抗 震效果。 需要指出的是, 应用本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器抵抗地震的另一个 优势在于, 当主震过后, 可以松开预紧力调节螺母, 释放组合约束环的部分预紧 力, 由于现有抗震支座 31—般都具有一定的复位能力, 在抗震支座 31的作用下 或借助复位千斤顶, 就可以实现本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 34的顺利复位, 重新拧紧预紧力调节螺母,使本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器重新恢复阻尼性能, 这样当有余震发生时,本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 34仍可重新发挥减震耗能 的作用, 可以更有效降低地震对房屋带来的破坏, 保护居民的生命财产安全。 本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的最大优势在于, 由于设置了预紧 力调节螺母配合约束筒上的外螺纹结构作为预紧装置, 使用过程中, 可以通过调 整预紧力调节螺母的位置实现对组合约束环产生预紧力大小的调节, 可以根据工 程需要, 随时对本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的阻尼参数进行调整, 十分方便 快捷, 易于操作。
基于本例的技术原理, 本发明其他实施例中所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 也可以用于房屋的抗地震应用, 既使不能方便地实现复位, 起码在地震发生过程 中仍然都可以发挥一定的抗震耗能作用, 在此不一一附图说明。
实施例八
如图 17 所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例七的区别在于, 为 了节省材料, 柱塞 1采用阶梯轴结构, 柱塞 1进入约束筒 2内部的、 直径最大的 中间部分与约束筒 2内壁接触配合, 构成所述的工作表面。 柱塞 1两端设置螺纹 联接件 35作为联接接口,所述螺纹联接件为柱塞两端直接加工成的螺杆,为了方 便柱塞与约束筒之间的装配, 柱塞中部直径尺寸最大的轴段两侧设置有倒角, 构 成局部锥体。 此外, 约束筒 2表面设置的束紧装置为组合约束环, 组合约束环中 的内圓环及外圓环均由钢管加工而成, 约束筒两端分别设置预紧装置, 预紧装置 均由预紧力调节螺母 44及约束筒 2局部外表面对应设置的外螺纹结构构成。
下面以应用于桥梁结构中为例进行说明, 如图 18所示, 将柱塞 1 中部直径 最大部分置于束紧装置的中间, 在约束筒两端分别焊接固定联接板 37, 利用锁紧 螺母 36与柱塞两端的螺纹联接件 35配合将柱塞 1与桥梁 42中固定设置的连接座 41连接在一起, 将联接板 37与固定设置在桥墩 40中的钢制锚固法兰 39通过销 轴 38铰接在一起,完成本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器在桥梁 42及桥墩 40之间 的装配。 当桥梁 42与桥墩 40之间发生沿柱塞 1轴向的相对运动时, 会带动柱塞 1与约束筒 2之间产生相对运动, 由于约束筒 2表面设置了组合约束环构成的束 紧装置, 束紧装置可以储备较高的束紧应力对约束筒产生较大的、 且十分稳定的 束缚力, 因此当柱塞 1与约束筒 2发生相对运动时, 约束筒 2内壁与柱塞 1之间 会产生一阻碍柱塞运动的摩擦阻力, 该摩擦阻力总是与柱塞的运动方向相反, 从 而消耗外力做功, 将桥梁 42与桥墩 40之间相对运动的机械能转化为热能, 从而 消耗外部能量, 实现减振耗能。
与实施例七相似, 本发明所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器同样具有便于现场 进行阻尼参数调节的特点, 此外, 由于组合约束环两侧均设置了由预紧力调节螺 母 44及约束筒 2局部外表面对应设置的外螺纹结构构成的预紧装置,因此可以随 时从任意一侧对产品的阻尼参数进行调整,也可以从两侧同时进行阻尼参数调整。 由于本例所述技术方案中, 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的柱塞与桥梁之间, 以及约束筒与桥墩之间均采用可以拆分的连接方式, 因此在使用过程中, 可以随 时取下本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器进行维修更换, 十分方便。
实施例九
如图 19所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例八的区别在于, 内 圓环 4和外圓环 3构成的组合约束环与其一侧的预紧力调节螺母 44之间设有空间 补偿环 29。
由于设置了空间补偿环 29, 除了具有实施例六中所述的各项优点外, 还可以 有效缩短约束筒 2上外螺紋段的设置长度, 减少加工量。
基于上述实施例八和实施例九的技术原理, 如图 20所示, 柱塞 1两端的螺 紋联接件 35也可以由螺孔构成,都能起到相似的功能,也在本发明要求的保护范 围内。
实施例十
如图 21 所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例八的区别在于, 柱 塞两端为直径较细的光轴。 此外, 组合约束环除了包括带有外锥面的内圓环 4和 带有内锥面的外圓环 3以外, 还包括同时带有内锥面和外锥面的中间圓环 45, 中 间圓环 45位于内圓环 4和外圓环 3之间, 三者通过锥面彼此配合。 另外, 约束筒 2的内壁上设置有耐磨防锈套 46,耐磨防锈套 46由铜合金材料制成,耐磨防锈套 利用紧固件(图中未示出)与约束筒连接在一起, 柱塞 1 表面与耐磨防锈套 46 紧密接触,柱塞与约束筒内壁通过耐磨防锈套 46相互配合。为了筒化产品的结构, 约束筒 2上组合约束环一侧的预紧装置由限位挡块 11构成。
仍以应用于桥梁结构中为例进行说明, 如图 22所示, 在桥梁 92上一体化对 称设置限位块 48, 限位块 48中还设置有钢制锚固件 49, 此外,桥墩 51顶面设置 钢制锚固件 47,将约束筒 2的两端分别与锚固件 47上的联接板悍接固定在一起, 再将柱塞 1的两端分别与锚固件 49焊接固定在一起,完成本发明预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器在桥梁 92及桥墩 51之间的装配。 当桥梁 92与桥墩 51之间发生沿柱塞 轴向的相对运动时, 会带动柱塞 1与约束筒 2之间产生相对运动, 由于组合约束 环的束缚进而产生摩擦阻力, 形成摩擦阻尼, 消耗外部能量, 实现减振耗能。 本例中由于组合约束环由内圓环、 中间圓环和外圓环共同组成, 其可以在与 约束筒同等配合表面的情况下下实现更大的预紧力, 即实现更大的阻尼力输出。 基于本例所述的技术原理, 中间圓环也可以设置二层甚至更多层。
由于在约束筒的内表面增设了耐磨防锈套, 利用耐磨防锈套的表面作为工作 表面与柱塞配合, 显著提高了工作表面的耐磨性, 避免钢-钢同类材料在长期不 相互运动、 高接触应力下发生冷粘结, 摩擦系数稳定, 可以大大延长本发明预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器的使用寿命。 除了本例提到的铜合金材料外, 耐磨防锈套还 可以由陶瓷合金材料、 粉末冶金材料、 碳纤维材料或刹车片等材料构成。 需要指 出的是, 如果在约束筒表面增设刹车片材料制成的耐磨保护套, 可以显著提高柱 塞与约束筒之间工作表面的摩擦系数,有利于进一步提升产品的阻尼性能。 当然, 基于本例所述的技术原理, 耐磨防锈套也可以利用嵌入式连接或悍接等连接工艺 与约束筒或柱塞固定连接在一起, 例如图 23所示, 耐磨防锈套 46也可以利用嵌 入式连接的方法固定设置在柱塞 1的表面, 也能起到同样的效果, 都在本发明要 求的保护范围中。
与图 14 的本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器相比, 本例所述技术方案中约束 筒壁厚可以适当减小,有利于节约材料;与图 20的本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼 器相比, 本例所述技术方案中组合约束环的一侧利用限拉挡块给予限位, 省去一 次外螺纹加工过程, 有利于节约加工成本。
实施例十一
本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器同样也适用于转动的工况, 如图 24所示本 发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 包括圓柱体的柱塞 1及钢管制成的约束筒 2,约束 筒表面还设置有束紧装置, 束紧装置为组合约束环, 组合约束环具体由钢制的内 圓环 4和外圓环 3组合而成, 为防止组合约束环滑脱, 束紧装置的一侧还设置有 限位挡块 11构成的预紧装置, 此外, 约束筒 2上还焊接固定设有抗扭转法兰 58, 抗扭转法兰 58对组合约束环的另一侧实现限位。对应的柱塞 1上设有转动转换机 构, 所述转动转换机构具体为离合器机构, 该离合器机构由离合盘 52及离合盘 53构成。
应用时,通过紧固件 59和抗扭转法兰 58将约束筒 2固定在机械设备框架 57 中设置的金属连接件 56上, 离合盘 52固定在柱塞 1的端部, 离合盘 53对应离合 盘 52固定在与机械设备框架 57可发生相对转动、 又有制动需求的转动体 54上, 构成离合器机构,转动体 54在约束 55的限制下除了可以与机械设备框架 57发生 相对转动外,还可以沿柱塞轴向相对机械设备框架 57发生移动,完成本发明预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器在转动体 54与机械设备框架 57之间的装配。 这样, 非工作 状态下, 保持离合盘 52与离合盘 53分离, 此时本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 不工作; 当转动体 54相对机械设备框架 57的转动需要制动时, 沿柱塞轴向移动 转动体 54, 使离合盘 53与离合盘 52紧密接触, 离合盘 53与离合盘 52立即实现 同步转动, 带动柱塞 1在约束筒 2中旋转, 此时本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器 开始工作, 由于约束筒 2表面设置了束紧装置, 柱塞 1在约束筒 2内转动的过程 中二者之间会存在持续的摩擦阻力, 该摩擦阻力反向做功不断消耗柱塞 1的转动 能量, 进而实现持续消耗转动体 54的转动能量, 达到使转动体 54相对机械设备 框架 57减速或趋于静止的目的。
基于本例所述的技术原理,在实际应用中,也可以在柱塞上设置抗扭转法兰, 对应的在约束筒上设置离合器形式的转动转换机构, 也能实现同样的效果, 不再 另外附图说明, 也在本发明要求的保护范围中。
实施例十二
如图 25和 26所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例十一的区别在 于, 柱塞 1上设有抗扭转法兰 60, 对应约束筒 2的一端设有转动转换机构, 所述 转动转换机构具体为齿轮 64与齿条 65配合机构, 另外, 为了方便进行阻尼参数 调节,约束筒 2的另一端设置预紧装置,预紧装置均由预紧力调节螺母 44及约束 筒 2局部外表面对应设置的外螺纹结构构成。
下面以在桥上的应用为例进行说明, 当桥采用了单向的滑移支座, 仅存在单 一方向(例如沿桥梁纵向)的位移时, 利用紧固件 62将抗扭转法兰 60与桥墩 63 顶面固定设置的钢制锚固件 61连接在一起, 使柱塞 1与桥墩 63固定相连, 齿轮 64悍接固定在约束筒 2顶端, 齿条 65与桥梁 66中设置的钢制锚固件 67利用紧 固件(图中未示出)连接在一起, 齿条 65沿桥梁 66的纵向设置, 齿轮 64在齿条 65中部与之相互啮合配合,完成本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器在桥墩与桥梁之 间的连接安装。 当发生地震或车辆紧急制动等情况时, 桥梁 66发生沿齿条 65布 置方向的移动或振动, 在齿条 65的驱动下, 齿轮 64会同步发生转动, 同时, 齿 轮 64还带动约束筒 2相对柱塞 1发生转动, 从而实现将桥梁 66的水平移动转化 为约束筒 2与柱塞 1之间的转动, 此时, 本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器开始工 作, 由于约束筒 2表面设置了束紧装置, 约束筒 2相对柱塞 1转动的过程中二者 之间会存在持续的摩擦阻力,该摩擦阻力反向做功不断消耗约束筒 2的转动能量, 进而作用于齿条 65及桥梁 66, 使齿条 65及桥梁 66的水平移动或振动很快趋于 静止, 有利于提高行车的安全性。
由于设置了预紧力调节螺母 44,可以根据工程实际随时对本发明产品的阻尼 参数进行调整。
基于本例的技术原理, 转动转换机构还可以是链轮与链条配合机构、 齿形带 与皮带轮配合机构等具体形式, 都可以实现同样的功能, 仅为同类传动机构的筒 单变换, 不再一一附图说明, 都在本发明要求的保护范围内。
实施例十三
如图 27和图 28所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例十二的区别 在于, 当物体 72相对基础框架 77发生水平移动时, 柱塞 1上设置的转动转换机 构还可以是偏心滑块与导向槽配合机构。
应用时, 利用紧固件 75和抗扭转法兰 74将约束筒 2固定在基础框架 77中 固定设置的金属连接件 76上, 另外, 在柱塞 1上固定设置连接耳板 68, 再利用 销轴 70在连接耳板 68上铰接设置偏心滑块 69,用槽钢加工制成的导向槽 71与物 体 72中固定设置的钢制锚固件 73悍接固定在一起, 偏心滑块 69嵌置在导向槽 71中并可以在导向槽 71中滑动, 完成本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器在物体 72 和基础框架 77之间的安装。 当物体 72相对基础框架 77发生沿导向槽 71延伸方 向垂向的水平运动时, 偏心滑块 69除了沿导向槽 71与其发生相对滑动外, 还在 导向槽 71的带动下与其一起水平移动, 偏心滑块 69在水平移动的过程中会带动 连接耳板 68及柱塞 1相对约束筒 2发生转动, 从而将物体 72的水平移动转化为 柱塞 1相对约束筒 2的转动。 此时本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器开始工作, 由 于约束筒 2表面设置了内圓环 4和外圓环 3构成的组合约束环, 组合约束环可以 储备较高的预紧力, 对约束筒产生较大的、 且十分稳定的束缚力, 因此柱塞 1在 约束筒 2内转动的过程中二者之间会存在持续的摩擦阻力, 该摩擦阻力反向做功 不断消耗柱塞 1的转动能量, 进而实现持续消耗物体 72的动能, 使物体 72相对 基础框架 77很快趋于静止。
基于本例所述的技术原理,在实际应用中,也可以在柱塞上设置抗扭转法兰, 对应的在约束筒上设置转动转换机构,也能实现同样的效果,不再另外附图说明, 也在本发明要求的保护范围中。
实施例十四
如图 29 所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例十三的区别在于, 导向槽由易发生移动的物体上直接设置的限位槽结构构成。 下而以在桥梁建筑中 的应用为例进行说明, 为同时限制桥梁 79相对桥墩 80在纵向(即图中 X向)及 横向 (即图中 Y向) 的移动, 桥梁 79中对应 X向和 Y向分别设置有导向槽 71a 和 71b, 导向槽 71a和 71b为桥梁 79底面上分别一体化设置的限位槽, 相应的, 在桥墩 80与桥梁 79之间设置两个本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其中, 约束 筒 2a和 2b分别通过抗扭转法兰(图中未示出 )与桥墩 80固定连接在一起, 柱塞 la和柱塞 lb上分别设置连接耳板 68a和 68b,偏心滑块 69a通过销轴 78a与连接 耳板 68a铰接在一起,偏心滑块 69b通过销轴 78b与连接耳板 68b铰接在一起, 偏 心滑块 69a和偏心滑块 69b分别嵌设在导向槽 71a和导向槽 71b内。 在地震或车 辆紧急制动等情况下, 当桥梁 79沿 X向发生水平移动时, 会驱动偏心滑块 69a 沿 X向发生水平移动, 进而带动柱塞 la相对约束筒 2a转动, 此时本发明预紧力 可调的摩擦阻尼器开始工作, 由于约束筒 2a表面设置了组合约束环(图中未具体 示出)构成的束紧装置, 柱塞 la在约束筒 2a内转动的过程中二者之间会存在持 续的摩擦阻力,该摩擦阻力反向做功不断消耗柱塞 la的转动能量,进而阻碍桥梁 79沿 X向的水平移动, 使桥梁 79相对桥墩 80很快趋于静止。 同理, 当桥梁 79 沿 Y向发生水平移动时,会驱动偏心滑块 69b沿 Y向发生水平移动,进而带动柱 塞 lb相对约束筒 2b转动, 此时本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器开始工作, 由于 约束筒 2b表面设置了组合约束环(图中未具体示出)构成的束紧装置, 柱塞 lb 在约束筒 2b内转动的过程中二者之间会存在持续的摩擦阻力,该摩擦阻力反向做 功不断消耗柱塞 lb的转动能量,进而阻碍桥梁 79沿 Y向的水平移动,使桥梁 79 相对桥墩 80很快趋于静止。需要指出的是,桥梁与桥墩间发生任意方向的水平运 动时,该运动都会分解为 X向和 Y向的运动分量,则二个本发明预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器同时开始工作, 且互不干涉, 使桥梁相对桥墩的运动很快趋于静止。 由 于两个本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器中分别设置了预紧力调节螺母 44a和 44b, 可以根据工程对于 X向和 Y向的不同减振需要分别对本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻 尼器的阻尼参数进行调整, 十分方便。
实施例十五
如图 30所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与实施例七中图 14所示预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器的区别在于, 组合约束环包括多个内圓环 4和外圓环 3, 二 者数量相同, 内圓环 4与外圓环 3——对应并通过内、 外锥面配合彼此叠加在一 起, 相邻外圓环之间及相邻内圓环之间均没有间隙, 并且相邻外圓环的内锥面倾 斜方向与内圓环的外锥面倾斜方向也保持相同。此外,约束筒 2上设置预紧装置, 所述预紧装置包括固定焊接在约束筒 2表面的限位挡块 11 ,还包括预紧力调节螺 母 44及约束筒 2局部外表面对应设置的外螺纹结构, 限位挡块 11与预紧力调节 螺母 44分别设置在组合约束环的两侧。需要指出的是,为方便调节组合约束环的 预紧力, 在预紧力调节螺母 44与组合约束环之间还设有空间补偿环 100, 空间补 偿环 100与约束筒 2之间采用间隙配合, 另外, 空间补偿环 100抵压在组合约束 环中邻近一端外圓环 3的端面上,限位挡块 11抵压在组合约束环另一端对应的内 圓环 4的端面上, 这样, 可以保证在调整预紧力调节螺母 44时,挤压力经过空间 补偿环 100传递后, 可以连续作用于所有外圓环之间, 在所有外圓环之间产生相 同的挤压力, 使夕卜圓环与内圓环之间产生相对位移, 从而实现改变组合约束环作 用于约束筒表面的束紧力的作用。
本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的使用方式与实施例七所述方法 和原理基本相同, 在此不再重复叙述。
本例所述的技术方案中, 组合约束环由多组彼此叠放在一起的内圓环 4和外 圓环 3构成, 相邻的外圓环 3和相邻的内圓环 4之间均没有间隙, 与前述实施例 中相邻内圓环及相邻外圓环之间均留有间隙的技术方案相比, 本例所述技术方案 中构成组合约束环的各内圓环及外圓环的受力始终保持相同, 因此, 组合约束环 在与约束筒的所有接触表面产生的束紧力基本是均匀的, 其阻尼性能输出十分稳 定。 相比之下, 图 14所对应的技术方案中, 调整预紧力调节螺母 44的位置后, 作用在组合约束环中各内、外圓环上的挤压力由靠近预紧力调节螺母 44的一侧向 另一侧呈现逐渐递减的趋势, 因此,相应的约束筒表面受到的预紧力也逐渐减小, 所以当柱塞在约束筒中位置发生变化的过程中, 所输出的阻尼力的变化是非线性 的。
基于本例所述的技术原理, 本例中所述组合约束环的技术方案也可以应用于 前述其他未设置中间圓环的实施例当中, 只要保持一端预紧装置仅抵压外圓环, 另一端预紧装置仅抵压内圓环, 都可以起到很好的效果, 不再——附图说明, 都 在本发明要求的保护范围当中。此外,基于图 30所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻 尼器的技术原理, 组合约束环中外圓环及内圓环的尺寸和数量可以根据工程要求 具体选择和设计, 理论上可以仅由一个外圓环和一个内圓环组成, 在此无法—— 附图表示, 仅以文字给予说明, 都在本发明要求的保护范围内。
基于本例及前述各实施例的技术原理, 本例所述技术方案还可以做许多演 变, 例如, 柱塞也可以贯穿约束筒设置; 此外, 其中柱塞 1及约束筒 2上设置的 联接接口不限于联接板,根据需要,也可以是联接环、 螺纹联接件或联接法兰等, 所述螺紋联接件可以螺杆或螺孔等具体形式; 再有, 为装配方便, 约束筒至少一 侧端部的内壁设有过渡倒角, 或者柱塞至少局部为锥体; 另外, 预紧装置还可以 是限位销、 限位挡肩等具体形式, 约束筒上可以设置压力释放缝以及柱塞与约束 筒之间设置密封保护套等结构, 不再一一附图说明, 都在本发明要求的保护范围 之中。
实施例十六
如图 31所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 30所示预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器的区别在于,柱塞 1上设置联接法兰 21 , 约束筒 2上设置联接环 24,柱 塞 1棵露在约束筒 2外部的 C处所示局部段设置成由联接法兰 21—侧向约束筒 方向逐渐变细的锥体结构, 直至与约束筒 2内径尺寸相同。 此外, 预紧力调节螺 母采用液压螺母 101。 另外, 束紧装置中还包括设置在组合约束环上的辅助束紧 装置, 辅助束紧装置由弹簧钢管 103构成。
调整束紧力时, 利用液压装置驱动液压螺母 101 , 液压螺母中的顶块 102向 外伸出抵压在相邻外圓环 3的端部, 进而在所有外圓环之间产生相同的挤压力, 使外圓环与内圓环之间产生相对位移, 实现改变组合约束环作用于约束筒表面的 束紧力的作用。 需要指出的是, 由于组合约束环外表面还设置了弹簧钢管 103 , 当外圓环 3沿其与内圓环 4配合的锥面向斜上方移动时, 作为辅助束紧装置的弹 簧钢管 103会对外圓环 3的移动构成制约, 所产生的束缚力也通过组合约束环作 用在约束筒 2上, 因此有利于进一步提升约束筒与柱塞之间摩擦阻力, 提高本发 明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器输出的阻尼力。
本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用方法与实施例五中图 12所 示预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用方式和原理基本相同, 在此不再重复。 本例所 述技术方案中, 采用弹簧钢管作为辅助束紧装置的积极意义在于, 在柱塞和约束 筒尺寸相同的条件下, 可以实现更高的阻尼力输出。 此外, 产品的外观也更加美 观。 另外要说明的是, 合理控制内圓环的外锥面及外圓环的内锥面的角度, 可以 实现内、 外圓环之间的自锁, 这样, 采用: ½螺母就可以方便的进行调节。 所述 液压螺母即市场上通用的液压螺母, 例如上海馨予液压机电设备有限公司提供的 THN系列 ¾ ^螺母等, 都可以应用于本发明中。
实施例十七 如图 32示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 25所示预紧力可调的摩擦 阻尼器的区别在于, 组合约束环中内圓环 4与外圓环 3的数量相同, 内圓环 4与 外圓环 3——对应彼此叠加设置, 外圓环的内锥面与叠加在一起的内圓环的外锥 面相互配合, 相邻外圓环之间及相邻内圓环之间均没有间隙,并且相邻外圓环的 内锥面倾斜方向与内圓环的外锥面倾斜方向也保持相同。 此外, 组合约束环外表 面增设了辅助束紧装置, 所述辅助束紧装置包括辅助约束筒 104及辅助约束筒表 面缠绕的预紧线绳 105, 预紧线绳具体为施加了预应力的钢绞线。
本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用与图 25 所示预紧力可调的 摩擦阻尼器完全相同, 在此不再重复描述。 需要指出的是, 由于设置了辅助束紧 装置, 本例所述预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以提供更大的阻尼力输出, 其原理与 实施例十六中对辅助束紧装置的原理描述相同, 不再重复。 另外, 所述预紧线绳 可以由金属材料或非金属纤维材料制成,金属材料包括钢、铁、记忆合金等材料, 非金属纤维材料包括各种天然纤维、 人工纤维或合成纤维, 例如碳纤维、 芳纶纤 维、 蜘蛛丝或凯芙拉纤维等等, 预紧线绳具体可以是丝、 线、 绳索等各种形式。
另外, 基于本例所前述实施例的技术原理, 本例中也可以设置其他类型的转 动转换机构, 例如绞线盘、 链轮与链条配合机构、 齿形带与皮带轮配合机构、 滑 块与导向槽配合机构或离合器机构, 只需相应的在约束筒或柱塞上设置抗扭转法 兰, 对应的在柱塞或约束筒上设置转动转换机构即可, 不再一一附图说明, 都在 本发明要求的保护范围之中。
实施例十八
如图 33和图 34示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 21所示预紧力可 调的摩擦阻尼器的区别在于, 组合约束环外表面增设了辅助束紧装置, 辅助束紧 装置由四个弹簧钢环 106构成。 此外, 柱塞 1的横截面轮廓呈方形, 约束筒由四 块子约束筒 107组成, 子约束筒 107对应与柱塞配合的表面上设置有耐磨防锈片 109, 耐磨防锈片 109具体由刹车片材料制成, 耐磨防锈片 109通过紧固件(图中 未示出) 固定在子约束筒 107表面, 四块子约束筒围成一个大致的圓形轮虞, 组 合约束环设置在子约束筒 107围成的约束筒的表面, 耐磨防锈片 109与柱塞 1紧 密接触, 柱塞与约束筒内壁通过耐磨防锈片 109相互配合。 另外, 约束筒表面的 预紧装置全部由限位挡块 11构成, 限位挡块焊接在子约束筒上。
由于在子约束筒的内表面增设了耐磨防锈片, 利用耐磨防锈片的表面作为工 作表面与柱塞配合, 显著提高了工作表面的耐磨性, 避免钢 -钢同类材料在长期 不相互运动、 高接触应力下发生冷粘结, 摩擦系数稳定, 可以大大延长本发明预 紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的使用寿命。
需要增大本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的阻尼力输出时, 可以压缩组合约 束环,然后在限位挡块 11与组合约束环之间增设空间补偿环; 当需要减小本发明 预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的阻尼力输出时, 可以通过适当减少外圓环 3数量等方 法实现, 操作筒单又方便。 当然, 上述预紧力调节方法, 也适用于本发明的其他 实施例, 在此一并说明。
本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的应用与图 21 所示预紧力可调的 摩擦阻尼器完全相同, 在此不再重复描述。 需要说明的是, 约束筒采用分体式结 构, 大大提高了约束筒的选材范围, 同时有利于降低设置耐磨防锈片的操作难度, 本例中包括四块子约束筒, 在实际应用中, 其可以包括至少二块子约束筒, 只要 能围成一个近似圓形的外部轮虞, 都可以实现同样的功能。 除刹车片材料外, 耐 磨防锈片还可以由陶瓷合金材料、 粉末冶金材料、 铜合金材料、 碳纤维材料等构 成, 而且耐磨防锈片除了可以设置在约束筒内表面以外, 也可以设置在柱塞的表 面。 当然, 基于本例所述的技术原理, 耐磨防锈片也可以利用嵌入式连接或焊接 等连接工艺与约束筒或柱塞固定连接在一起, 此外, 本例中中间圓环仅设置了一 层, 实际应用中也可以设置二层甚至更多层。 另外, 本例以四个弹簧钢环 106构 成辅助束紧装置进行说明, 由于单个弹簧钢环的长度较低, 其与组合约束环的装 配操作相应更加容易一些, 在实际应用中, 辅助束紧装置也可以由二个、 三个、 五个甚至更多个弹簧钢环构成, 都可以实现相似的效果。 上述技术方案都是基于 发明要求的保护范围中。
实施例十九
如图 35所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 33所示预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器的区别在于, 约束筒 2采用一体的钢管材料制成, 组合约束环两侧的预 紧装置分别采用限位挡块 11和预紧力调节螺母 44, 此外, 约束筒 2的内壁表面 还设有耐磨防锈层 109, 耐磨防锈层 109由金属材料镍构成, 其利用电镀的方法 固定设置在约束筒内壁表面, 柱塞与约束筒内壁通过耐磨防锈层 109相互配合。
由于在约束筒的内表面增设了耐磨防锈层, 利用耐磨防锈层的表面作为工作 表面与柱塞配合, 显著提高了工作表面的耐磨性, 避免钢-钢同类材料在长期不 相互运动、 高接触应力下发生冷粘结, 摩擦系数稳定, 可以大大延长本发明预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器的使用寿命。 除提到的金属材料镍以外, 耐磨防锈层还可以 由陶瓷合金材料、 粉末冶金材料、 铜合金材料、 碳纤维材料等构成, 耐磨防锈层 可以利用电镀、 烧结、 高温喷涂、 激光悍接等方式设置在约束筒或柱塞的相应表 面。 例如图 36所示, 也可以在柱塞 1表面设置耐磨防锈层 109, 也能起到同样的 效果。
根据实施例十、 实施例十八以及实施例十九所描述的技术原理, 柱塞表面或 约束内壁表面设置耐磨防锈层、 耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套的技术方案也可以应用 于本发明其他实施例所记录的技术方案中, 都在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
实施例二十
如图 37所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 35所示预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器的区别在于, 组合约束环由内圓环 4和外圓环 3组成, 其中内圓环 4与 外圓环 3的数量相同, 内圓环 4与外圓环 3——对应彼此叠加设置构成一组, 多 组连续并列设置进而构成组合约束环, 外圓环的内锥面与叠加在一起的内圓环的 外锥面相互配合, 相邻外圓环之间及相邻内圓环之间均没有间隙,并且相邻外圓 环的内锥面倾斜方向与内圓环的外锥面倾斜方向也保持相同。 与约束筒 2局部表 面上设置的外螺紋段配合的预紧力调节螺母 44抵压在组合约束环一端的外圓环 3 端面上,约束筒 2表面悍接固定设置的限位挡块 11抵压在组合约束环另一端的内 圓环 4端面上。 此外, 约束筒 2内表面固定设置耐磨防锈套 110, 耐磨防锈套 110 由陶瓷合金材料制成, 柱塞与约束筒内壁通过耐磨防锈套 110相互配合。
由于在约束筒的内表面增设了耐磨防锈层, 利用耐磨防锈层的表面作为工作 表面与柱塞配合, 显著提高了工作表面的耐磨性, 避免钢-钢同类材料在长期不 相互运动、 高接触应力下发生冷粘结, 摩擦系数稳定, 可以大大延长本发明预紧 力可调的摩擦阻尼器的使用寿命。 除提到的陶瓷合金材料以外, 耐磨防锈套还可 以由粉末冶金材料、 铜合金材料、 碳纤维材料或刹车片等构成, 当然, 耐磨防锈 套也可以设置在柱塞表面, 也可以起到同样的效果, 也在本发明要求的保护范围 之中。
实施例二十一
如图 38所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 33所示预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器的区别在于, 组合约束环仅由一个外圓环 3和一个内圓环 4组成, 内圓 环与外圓环彼此叠加设置, 外圓环的内锥面与内圓环的外锥面相互配合。 组合约 束环一侧设置的预紧装置由预紧力调节螺母 44及内圓环 4局部外表面对应设置外 螺纹结构构成,预紧力调节螺母 44抵压在外圓环 3的一端,在组合约束环的另一 侧, 悍接固定在子约束筒 107表面限位挡块 11抵压在内圓环 3的端面上。 另夕卜, 柱塞 1表面固定设置耐磨防锈片 111 , 耐磨防锈片 111由铜合金材料制成。
本例所述的技术方案, 克服了图 33 所示技术方案中约束筒由多块子约束筒 构成, 约束筒表面不易设置外螺纹结构, 无法采用预紧力调节螺母进行限位和预 紧力调节的问题, 提高了产品的适用性。 当然, 本例所述技术方案中, 组合约束 环中的外圓环还可以由二个、 三个甚至更多个独立的外圓环组成, 即外圓环的数 量多于内圓环, 也能实现同样的功能; 此外, 基于上述原理, 内圓环也可以由二 个、 三个甚至更多个独立内圓环组成, 也在本发明要求的保护范围内。 其好处是 可以独立调节, 可以实现变阻尼力, 例如中间小, 两端大。 小位移时阻尼小, 大 位移时阻尼大。
本例中耐磨防锈片 111除了可以由铜合金材料制成以外, 还可以由陶瓷合金 材料、 粉末冶金材料、 碳纤维材料或刹车片等构成, 都可以起到很好的效果, 都 在本发明要求的保护范围中。
实施例二十二
如图 39所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 38所示预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器的区别在于, 钢管制成的约束筒 2表面设置二组组合约束环, 二组组合 约束环沿约束筒表面中部固定设置的限位挡块 11对称设置,其中一组组合约束环 由一个内圓环 117与二个外圓环 115和 116彼此叠加构成, 另一组组合约束环由 二个内圓环 118和 119与一个外圓环 120彼此叠加构成, 外圓环的内锥面与内圓 环的外锥面相互配合。每组组合约束环一侧设置的预紧装置由预紧力调节螺母 44 及内圓环 4局部外表面对应设置外螺纹结构构成。 此外, 约束筒内壁表面设有耐 磨防锈层 112, 耐磨防锈层 112由粉末治金材料构成。
本例所述技术方案的好处是可以独立调节, 可以实现变阻尼力, 例如活塞向 左运动时阻尼力变小, 活塞向右运动时阻尼力变大, 或反之。
本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 利用预紧力调节螺母 44就可以 随时调整阻尼力输出, 应用十分方便。 另外, 也可以在柱塞的相应表面设置耐磨 防锈层, 耐磨防锈层可以利用电镀、 烧结、 高温喷涂、 激光悍接等方式设置在约 束筒或柱塞的表面, 例如镀镍等, 此外, 耐磨防锈层还可以由陶瓷合金材料、 铜 合金材料、 碳纤维材料或刹车片等材料构成, 都在本发明要求的保护范围之中。
图 39所示技术方案中约束筒表面设置了两组组合约束环, 在实际应用中根 据需要也可以设置三组、 四组甚至更多组组合约束环, 都在本发明要求的保护范 围之中。
实施例二十三
基于实施例二十二的技术原理, 如图 40所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼 器,与图 17所示预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器的区别在于,约束筒 2表面设置两组组 合约束环, 二组组合约束环沿约束筒表面中部固定设置的限位挡块 11对称设置, 每组组合约束环另一侧设置的预紧装置由预紧力调节螺母 44及约束筒局部外表 面对应设置外螺纹结构构成。
本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 利用预紧力调节螺母 44就可以 随时调整阻尼力输出,应用十分方便。 与图 17记录的技术方案相比, 本例所述本 发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器中每组组合约束环包含的内圓环和外圓环数量更 少, 因此在制作过程中更加容易操作, 另外, 由于组合约束环中交错设置内圓环 及外圓环的技术方案,具有预紧力大小由近预紧力调节螺母 44一侧向另一侧逐渐 递减的特点, 因此减少每个组合约束环中内圓环及外圓环的数量, 有利于保持约 束筒表面预紧力大小分布相对变化较小, 约束筒与柱塞之间各段的预紧力相对均 匀, 输出的阻尼力相对稳定一些。 活塞居中时阻尼力小, 位于两边时变大, 工程 中可以有意利用这一特点。
实施例二十四
如图 41所示本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 与图 40所示预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器的区别在于, 约束筒 2表面设置两组组合约束环, 其中, 一组组合约束 环中的内圓环 4和外圓环 3交错设置, 另一组组合约束环中的内圓环 122与内圓 环 121——对应彼此叠加设置。
本例所述本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 利用预紧力调节螺母 44就可以 随时调整阻尼力输出, 应用十分方便, 而且可以分别独立调整。
上述本发明的实施例中记叙的技术方案只为更好地理解本发明的技术原理, 并不局限于实施例所记叙的技术方案本身, 许多实施例中的技术安案还可以进行 交叉利用, 也都能实现很好的效果, 在此不一一举例说明, 都在本发明要求的保 护范围之内。 由本发明记载的技术内容可以知道, 本发明中的柱塞及约束筒可以 利用金属或非金属材料制成, 同样, 本发明的组合约束环当中, 根据所需输出的 阻尼力不同,可以利用钢材等金属材料或尼龙等非金属材料制成内圓环及外圓环, 其取材十分广泛, 可以形成的阻尼力输出变化范围极大。 本发明预紧力可调的摩 擦阻尼器, 结构筒单、 性能稳定, 基本无需维修、 使用寿命长, 检修后可以继续 使用, 具有可再生特性, 十分环保, 特别是本发明预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器可以 方便地进行阻尼参数调整, 因此可以现场根据工程实际对产品的阻尼参数进行优 化调整, 其工程实用性更好, 具有广阔的市场应用前景。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 包括柱塞和约束筒, 柱塞至少局部设置在约 束筒内,约束筒的外表面上对应约束筒内壁的工作表面设有环向闭合的束紧装 置, 其特征在于束紧装置为至少一组组合约束环, 组合约束环由带有内锥面的 外圓环和带有外锥面的内圓环配合组成,柱塞与约束筒内壁紧密接触配合, 或 者柱塞与约束筒内壁之间设有耐磨防锈层、 耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于组合约束环中 的内圓环与外圓环沿约束筒轴向交错设置,外圓环的内锥面与相邻内圓环的外 锥面相互配合, 相邻的内圓环或 /和相邻外圓环之间留有间隙。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于组合约束环中 的外圓环与内圓环彼此叠加设置,外圓环的内锥面与叠加在一起的内圓环的外 锥面相互配合, 外圓环与内圓环各至少设置一个。
4、 根据权利要求 3 所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于同一组合约束 环中, 外圓环与内圓环的数量超过一个时, 相邻外圓环之间及相邻内圓环之间 均没有间隙,并且相邻外圓环的内锥面倾斜方向与内圓环的外锥面倾斜方向也 保持相同。
5、 根据权利要求 1 所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于束紧装置还包 括设置在组合约束环上的辅助束紧装置。
6、 根据权利要求 5 所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于辅助束紧装置 由弹簧钢环或弹簧钢管构成,或者辅助束紧装置由组合约束环表面设置的辅助 约束筒及辅助约束筒表面缠绕的预紧线绳构成,预紧线绳由金属材料或 金属 纤维材料制成。
7、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于与 柱塞配合的约束筒的局部筒体上设有至少一条沿筒体轴向延伸的压力释放缝。
8、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于组 合约束环两侧还设有预紧装置。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于预紧装置包括 约束筒上设置的限位销、 限位挡块或者是限位挡肩。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于至少组合约 束环一侧设置的预紧装置由预紧力调节螺母及约束筒局部外表面对应设置的 外螺纹结构构成。
11、 根据权利要求 8所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于至少组合约 束环一侧设置的预紧装置由预紧力调节螺母及内圓环局部外表面对应设置外 螺纹结构构成。
12、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于预紧 力调节螺母为液压螺母。
13、 根据权利要求 8所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于组合约束环 与至少一侧的预紧装置之间设有空间补偿环。
14、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于 柱塞和约束筒之间设有密封保护套。
15、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于 柱塞或 /和约束筒上设置联接接口, 联接接口包括联接板、 联接环、 螺纹联接 件或联接法兰, 螺纹联接件包括螺杆或螺孔。
16、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于 约束筒至少一侧端部的内壁设有过渡倒角, 或者柱塞至少局部为锥体。
17、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于 约束筒内壁或柱塞表面设有耐磨防锈层、 耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于耐磨防锈 层、 耐磨防锈片或耐磨防锈套由陶瓷合金材料、 粉末冶金材料、 铜合金材料、 碳纤维材料或刹车片构成。
19、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于 约束筒或柱塞上设有抗扭转法兰, 对应的柱塞或约束筒上设有转动转换机构。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于转动转换 机构为绞线盘、 齿轮与齿条配合机构、 链轮与链条配合机构、 齿形带与皮带轮 配合机构、 滑块与导向槽配合机构或离合器机构。
21、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于组 合约束环包括带有外锥面的内圓环和带有内锥面的外圓环,以及位于内圓环和 外圓环之间并同时带有内锥面和外锥面的中间圓环, 三者通过锥面依次配合。
22、 根据权利要求 21 所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于中间圓环 设置至少两层, 外层中间圓环的内锥面与相邻内层中间圓环的外锥面相互配 合。 、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于组 合约束环由环形弹簧构成。
、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 5所述的预紧力可调的摩擦阻尼器, 其特征在于 约束筒包括至少二个子约束筒。
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