WO2014121632A1 - 一种与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节 - Google Patents

一种与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014121632A1
WO2014121632A1 PCT/CN2013/088807 CN2013088807W WO2014121632A1 WO 2014121632 A1 WO2014121632 A1 WO 2014121632A1 CN 2013088807 W CN2013088807 W CN 2013088807W WO 2014121632 A1 WO2014121632 A1 WO 2014121632A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connection point
connecting rod
bushing
mounting section
front mounting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/088807
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林国政
胡寅寅
彭森
俞麒峰
范耀宇
Original Assignee
中国商用飞机有限责任公司
中国商用飞机有限责任公司上海飞机设计研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国商用飞机有限责任公司, 中国商用飞机有限责任公司上海飞机设计研究院 filed Critical 中国商用飞机有限责任公司
Priority to EP13874833.0A priority Critical patent/EP2848535B1/en
Priority to US14/407,545 priority patent/US9745072B2/en
Publication of WO2014121632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014121632A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/40Arrangements for mounting power plants in aircraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/40Arrangements for mounting power plants in aircraft
    • B64D27/404Suspension arrangements specially adapted for supporting vertical loads
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of civil aircraft structural design techniques, and more particularly to a connecting device for an aircraft engine and aircraft suspension. Background technique
  • a connection between an aeroengine and an aircraft suspension commonly referred to as a mounting section.
  • the main function of the installation section is to connect the engine and transfer the load of the engine to the aircraft suspension structure.
  • Suspension is the interface between the aero engine and the wing of the aircraft. Its main function is to hoist the engine, transmit the engine load, and provide access to the fuel pipeline, environmental control, electrical, hydraulic and other systems between the engine and the aircraft wing. . Therefore, the hanging structure must meet the space requirements of the internal system and ensure an excellent force transmission path.
  • the conventional configuration of the hanging 10 is generally designed as a rigid box-shaped structure composed of upper and lower beams, a plurality of vertical standing frames, and side wall plates connected to each other, and is installed through the front. Section 20' and rear mounting section 30, assembled with the engine. The entire load of the engine is transmitted through the front and rear mounting sections.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show the front mounting section 20, and the rear mounting section 30 of Figure 1, respectively, at additional angles.
  • the front and rear mounting sections 20, 30 are respectively passed through four tension bolts (not shown) engaged in the tension bolt holes 24, and two joints are A shear pin (not shown) in the shear pin hole 42' is connected to the front and rear engine joints.
  • the front mounting section 20 is mainly composed of a left front mounting section 21, a middle front mounting section 22, and a right front mounting section 23.
  • the left and right front mounting sections 21, and 23 are respectively connected to the engine by two tension bolts to transmit the vertical load; the middle front mounting section 22 is connected to the engine through two shear pins to transmit the heading and lateral loads.
  • the rear mounting section 30 is suspended, connected to the hanging frame at its upper portion, and connected to the engine at its lower portion.
  • the rear mounting section 30 is mainly composed of two parts, the front and the rear, each part is connected to the engine through two tension bolts, which transmits the vertical load and the engine torque, and is connected with the engine through the shear pin to transmit the heading and lateral load.
  • the above-mentioned conventional configuration is suspended through the rear mounting section 30 to transmit torque.
  • the rear mounting section 30 In order to have a long enough force arm to transmit torque, the rear mounting section 30 must have a wide width, resulting in a wide profile of the hanging trailing edge, which affects Aerodynamic performance of the aircraft.
  • the front mounting section 20 is a separate component that is independent of the suspension but is attached to the suspension. The entire engine mounting structure is relatively heavy and it is difficult to reduce the fuel consumption of the engine. Summary of the invention
  • One object of the present invention is to reduce the structural weight by integrating the front mounting section with the hanging frame, and another object is to transmit engine torque through the front mounting section instead of the rear mounting section, thereby reducing the width of the rear mounting section. It is beneficial to reduce the shape of the trailing edge of the hanging, and meet the requirements of high performance and low fuel consumption of the large passenger aircraft engine.
  • the third purpose is to provide a front mounting section with a safety design function waiting for damage.
  • a front mounting section integrated with an aircraft suspension is provided, the front mounting section being adapted to be integrally formed with a front end frame suspended from an aircraft, and comprising: a first pull ear and a second pull ear
  • the first link and the second link respectively have one end connected to the first puller and the second puller, and the other end being respectively adapted to be connected to the aeroengine;
  • first link and the first puller are pivotally connected at a first connection point
  • second link and the second puller are respectively connected at the second connection point and the third connection point
  • the front mounting section and the hanging frame are integrated, which can transmit the vertical and lateral loads, and can transmit the torque, overcomes the shortcomings of the existing front mounting section and does not transmit the twist, and is relieved.
  • the twisting function of the rear mounting section reduces the width of the rear mounting section, so that the rear mounting section encroaches on the engine duct space, which is beneficial to reduce the fuel consumption rate and also facilitate the shrinkage of the hanging trailing edge. Reduce the purpose of pneumatic losses.
  • the structure can be effectively reduced. Weight, reduce the height of the landing gear.
  • connecting bolts passing through the first link and the second link at the first connection point, the second connection point, and the third connection point, respectively, are formed at the connection points.
  • the bushings in the mounting holes in the first and second pull tabs are mated.
  • the bushing at the second connection point includes an outer bushing located in the mounting hole and an inner bushing that is mated with the connecting bolt, and an inner wall of the upper and lower ends of the outer bushing
  • the outer wall of the upper and lower ends of the inner bushing is a flat surface, and the outer wall of the upper and lower ends of the inner bushing is interlocked with the inner wall of the upper and lower ends of the outer bushing, and the outer wall of the left and right sides of the inner bushing and the inner wall of the left and right sides of the outer bushing Clearance fit.
  • the upper and lower planes are mated, and the left and right curved surfaces are gap-fitted, thereby ensuring that the second joint point transmits only the vertical load and does not transmit the lateral load.
  • the lateral load is transmitted only at the two points of the first connection point and the third connection point, and is a static structure with clear transmission force.
  • first link and the first puller are also connected at a fourth connection point, and the fourth connection point is opposite to the second connection point and is respectively located at the first connection point and The inner side of the third connecting point, the connecting bolt passing through the first connecting rod at the fourth connecting point is engaged with the village sleeve in the mounting hole provided on the first lug at the fourth connecting point.
  • the fourth connection point is set such that when the current installation section is connected to the engine through the first second link, the fourth connection point of the first link is designed to be safe for waiting for damage.
  • the connecting bolt at the fourth connection point is gap-fitted with the bushing with a first gap, the first gap being set to be when the first connection point, the second connection point, and When any one of the third connection points fails, the connection bolt at the fourth connection point is in contact with the bushing portion.
  • the first connection point, the second connection point, and the third connection point fails, for example, when the second connection point fails, under the load of the engine, the front frame of the hanging is slightly rotated around the third connection point, Thereby, the first gap portion at the fourth connection point disappears, that is, the fourth connection point participates in the force.
  • the front mounting section of the present invention further includes protruding outward from the front wall of the front end frame a third puller and a third link connected to the third puller at a fifth connection point, the other end of the third link being adapted to be coupled to the engine and passing through the third link at the fifth connection point
  • the connecting bolts are in clearance engagement with the bushings disposed in the mounting holes of the third tab at the fifth connection point.
  • the fifth connection point is set such that when the current installation section is connected to the engine through the first, second, and third links, the third link is designed to be safe for waiting for damage.
  • the connecting bolt at the fifth connection point is gap-fitted with the bushing with a second gap, and the second gap is set to be larger than the first gap and makes the first connecting rod Or when the second link is completely failed, the connecting bolt at the fifth connection point is in contact with the bushing portion.
  • the first connection point, the fourth connection point, the second connection point and the third connection point are in a straight line. This will cancel some of the opposite direction vectors along the line.
  • the fifth connection point is located above the other connection points in the longitudinal direction and at the intermediate portion of the other connection points in the lateral direction.
  • the first link and the second link are booming link.
  • the third link is a straight link.
  • the front mounting section of the engine is integrated with the frame, eliminating the need for the mounting bracket to be connected, and the mounting section is directly connected to the engine fan casing through the connecting rod, thereby saving the weight of the mounting portion of the engine;
  • the installation section not only bears the load in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, but also the engine torque, thereby releasing the bearing function of the rear mounting section;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a conventional configuration of an aircraft suspension
  • Figure 2a is a schematic view of the mounting section before hanging in Figure 1;
  • Figure 2b is a schematic view of the mounting section after hanging in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3a is a schematic illustration of a front mounting section integrated with an aircraft suspension in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the fasteners for securing the boomerang link removed for clarity;
  • Figure 3b is a view similar to Figure 3a, wherein the mounting section is fitted with fasteners;
  • Figure 4 is a view of the use state of the front mounting section integrated with the aircraft suspension of Figure 3a connected to the engine;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the force of the front mounting section in the normal state of Figure 3a;
  • Figure 6 a, 6b, 6c are the assembly diagram of the inner bushing of the fastening hole at the second joint of the front mounting section of Figure 3a, respectively Schematic diagram of bushing and schematic diagram of inner bushing;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the force of the front mounting section of Figure 3a in the failure state of the second connection point;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the force of the front mounting section of Figure 3a in the failure state of the second boomerang link.
  • the primary function of the mounting section of the present invention is to connect the engine and transfer the load of the engine to the suspension structure.
  • the traditional engine installation method is that the engine is connected to the suspension through two front and rear installation sections, and the torque of the engine is transmitted to the aircraft suspension through the rear installation section, and the invention adopts the integrated design of the front installation section and the hanging frame, which can transmit the vertical Torque is transmitted to the lateral and lateral loads.
  • the invention can be used on any type of aircraft equipped with an engine.
  • a front mounting section integrated with an aircraft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3a, which is adapted to be integrally formed with the front end frame 100 suspended from the aircraft, and includes a first pull ear 10 and a second pull ear. 20.
  • the third puller 30, the first link 70, the second link 80, and the third link 90 The first puller 10 and the second puller 20 respectively protrude outward from both sides of the front end frame 100; one ends of the first link 70, the second link 80 and the third link 90 are respectively connected to the first puller 10
  • the second puller 20 and the third puller 30 are respectively adapted to be connected to an aircraft engine.
  • the first link and the second link are preferably a boomerang link
  • the third link is preferably a straight link, but the links may also be any other shaped link.
  • the first link 70 and the first puller 10 are respectively at the first connection point.
  • the first lug, the second lug, and the third lug are preferably double lugs with mounting holes, and the mounting holes are provided on each of the lugs of each of the joint points.
  • Bushings are installed in each of the mounting holes, and bolt holes are also formed at each of the connecting points at each of the connecting points, and the connecting bolts 40 are at the first to third connecting points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 They are respectively mounted to the respective connecting rods and pass through the bushings installed in the mounting holes of the respective pull ears at these connecting points.
  • the front mounting section of the present embodiment is connected to the first joint 201, the second joint 203 and the third joint 205 on the engine fan casing 200 through two boomerang links and a straight link, the whole
  • the front mounting section has three connection points to the engine.
  • the fourth connection point 4 and the third link 90 on the first link 70 are designed to be safe for waiting for damage. That is, under normal working conditions, as shown in FIG. 5 and referring to FIG. 3a, the first connection point 1, the second connection point 2, and the third connection point 3 together bear the vertical load (Z direction) transmitted by the engine. And the heading torque (X direction), the first connection point 1, the third connection point 3 are subjected to the lateral load (Y direction).
  • the fourth: 3 ⁇ 4 contact 4 will participate in the vertical load (Z direction) and the lateral load (Y direction).
  • Z direction the vertical load transmitted by the engine.
  • Y direction lateral load
  • X direction heading torque
  • first link 70 or the second link 80 fails completely, that is, when both connection points fail, for example, when the second link 80 completely fails, the third link 90 will participate in the force
  • first The connection point 1, the fourth connection point 4, and the fifth connection point 5 collectively receive the vertical load ( ⁇ direction), the lateral load ( ⁇ direction), and the engine torque transmitted from the engine.
  • the first connection point 1 and the second connection point 2 are The connecting bolts at the third connection point 3 are fitted with a small clearance for the bushing. This design facilitates the installation of the connecting bolts on the one hand and the full load and torque at the three connection points under normal conditions.
  • the bushing 50 at the second joint 2 is preferably as shown in Figure 6a and includes an outer bushing 51 and an inner bushing 52.
  • the outer bushing upper inner wall 511 and the outer bushing lower inner wall 513 are all arranged in a plane instead of the curved surface, and the inner bushing upper outer wall 521 and the inner bushing lower outer wall 523 are also flat, on the inner bushing.
  • the outer wall 521 and the inner casing lower outer wall 523 respectively have a small clearance fit with the outer bush upper inner wall 511 and the outer bush lower inner wall 513, and the outer bushing outer side wall 525 which can still be a curved shape respectively has an outer lining which can still be a curved shape.
  • the inner side wall 515 has a clearance fit. Therefore, only the vertical load is transmitted at the second connection point 2, and the lateral load is not transmitted, so that the lateral load is transmitted only at the two points of the first connection point 1 and the third connection point 3, which is a static structure. , the transmission force is clear. It should be understood that, except for the bushing 50 at the second joint 2, the bushings at other joints are conventional bushings, and the joints of these conventional bushings are not described in the prior art.
  • the fourth connection point 4 and the third link 90 of the first link 70 is preferentially designed to wait for damage, that is, at the third link
  • the function of the bolts 40 at the fourth connection point 4 is matched with the first gap
  • the connecting bolt 40 at the fifth connection point 5 is matched with the bushing by the second gap, but the fifth connection
  • the second gap at point 5 is slightly larger than the first gap at the fourth connection point 4.
  • both the first gap and the second gap should be larger than the gap between the connecting bolt and the bushing at the joint points 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
  • connection points 1, 2, and 3 when any of the connection points 1, 2, and 3 is invalid, For example, the second connection point 2 fails, and under the load of the engine, the hanging front frame 100 will slightly rotate with the connecting bolt 40 at the third connection point 3 as a rotation axis, so that the connecting bolt 40 at the fourth connection point 4 Partial contact with the bushing, that is, the partial gap between the connecting bolt 20 and the bushing at the fourth connecting point 4 disappears, the fourth connecting point 4 begins to participate in the force, and the connecting points 1, 4, 3 are subjected to the dangling Load, lateral load and heading torque.
  • the third link 90 When the entire first link 70 or the second link 80 completely fails, for example, when the second link 80 completely fails, as shown in FIG. 8, under the action of the engine load, the third link 90 will be lowered.
  • the first connection point 1 , the fourth connection point 4 , the second connection point 2 , and the third connection point 3 are preferably distributed in a straight line, so that the direction of the straight line can be The opposite vectors cancel each other out. Further, it is preferable that the fourth connection point 4 is disposed opposite to the second connection point 2 and located inside the first connection point 1 and the third connection point 3, respectively.
  • the fifth connection point 5 is located above the other connection points 1, 2, 3, 4 in the vertical direction (ie, the Z direction) and at other connection points in the lateral direction (ie, the Y direction). In the middle part, it should be understood that the fifth connection point 5 can also be located in other places in the vertical direction, such as below the connection points 1, 2, 3, 4, as long as the front connection section is connected to the engine, the third connection The rod 90 is free from force.
  • the front mounting section of the engine is integrated with the hanging frame, eliminating the need for the mounting bracket to be connected, and the mounting section is directly connected to the engine fan casing through the connecting rod, thereby saving the weight of the mounting portion of the engine;
  • the installation section not only bears the load in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, but also bears the action of the engine torque, thereby releasing the bearing function of the rear mounting section;
  • the design of the first link and the third link is that the entire front mounting section has a waiting for damage Full design features.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节,所述前安装节适于与飞机吊挂的前端框(100)一体成型,并包括:第一拉耳(10)和第二拉耳(20),其分别从所述前端框的两侧向外突出;第一连杆(70)和第二连杆(80),其一端分别连接至第一拉耳和第二拉耳,另一端分别适于连接至航空发动机;其中,第一连杆与第一拉耳在第一连接点(1)处可枢转地连接,第二连杆与第二拉耳分别在第二连接点(2)和第三连接点(3)处连接。发动机前安装节与吊挂框是一体的,节省了重量;利用前安装节传扭有利于缩小后安装节的外形宽度,降低发动机油耗。

Description

一种与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节 技术领域
本发明总的涉及一种民用飞机结构设计技术领域,更具体地涉 及一种航空发动机与飞行器吊挂的连接装置。 背景技术
航空发动机与飞行器吊挂的连接装置, 通常称之为安装节。 安 装节的主要功能是连接发动机, 并将发动机的载荷传递至飞行器吊 挂结构。
吊挂是航空发动机与飞机机翼之间的连接界面,其主要功能是 吊装发动机, 传递发动机载荷, 并为发动机至飞机机翼之间的燃油 管路、 环控、 电气、 液压等系统提供通路。 因此, 吊挂结构既要满 足内部系统的空间要求, 还要保证具有优良的传力路径。 为了满足 以上要求, 如图 1所示, 传统构型的吊挂 10,通常设计为由上下梁、 多个垂直站位的框、 侧壁板相互连接构成的刚性盒型结构, 并通过 前安装节 20'和后安装节 30,与发动机装配。 发动机的全部载荷均通 过前安装节、 后安装节传递。
图 2a和图 2b分別以另外的角度示出了图 1 中的前安装节 20, 和后安装节 30,。如图 2a和图 2b所示并结合图 1,前、后安装节 20,、 30,各通过 4 个接合于受拉螺栓孔 24,中的受拉螺栓(图未示) 和 2 个接合于受剪销孔 42'中的剪切销 (图未示)与吊桂前、 后发动机接 头连接。
如图 2a所示并结合图 1 , 前安装节 20,在后侧插入吊挂 10,的 主承力盒段, 通过其支架 25,与吊挂的前端框、 上梁、 下梁、 侧腹板 连接。 前安装节 20,主要由左前安装节 21,、 中前安装节 22,、 右前安 装节 23,组成。 左、 右前安装节 21,和 23,上分别通过两个受拉螺栓与 发动机连接, 传递垂向载荷; 中前安装节 22,通过两个剪切销与发动 机连接, 传递航向、 侧向载荷。 如图 2b所示并结合图 1 , 吊挂后安装节 30,在其上部与吊挂的 框连接, 下部与发动机连接。 后安装节 30,主要由前后两部分组成, 每部分分别通过两个受拉螺栓与发动机连接, 传递垂向载荷和发动 机扭矩, 通过剪切销与发动机连接, 传递航向、 侧向载荷。
上述传统构型的吊挂通过后安装节 30,传递扭矩, 为了有足够 长的力臂传递扭矩, 后安装节 30,必须有较宽的宽度, 导致了吊挂后 缘外形较宽, 影响了飞机的气动性能。 而且, 前安装节 20,是独立于 吊挂但连接至 挂的单独部件, 整个发动机安装结构较为厚重, 难 以降低发动机的油耗。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的是通过将前安装节与吊挂框的一体化设计 来降低结构重量, 另一个目的是通过前安装节而不是后安装节来传 递发动机扭矩, 从而减小后安装节的宽度, 有利于缩小吊挂的后缘 外形, 同时满足大型客机发动机的高性能、 低油耗的要求, 第三个 目的是提供一种具有等待破损安全设计功能的前安装节。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装 节, 所述前安装节适于与飞机吊挂的前端框一体成型, 并包括: 第一拉耳和第二拉耳, 其分别从所述前端框的两侧向外突出; 第一连杆和第二连杆, 其一端分别连接至第一拉耳和第二拉耳, 另一端分别适于连接至航空发动机;
其中, 第一连杆与第一拉耳在第一连接点处可枢转地连接, 第二 连杆与第二拉耳分别在第二连接点和第三连接点处连接。
在本发明的该方面, 前安装节与吊挂的框一体化设计, 既能传 递垂向和侧向载荷, 又能传递扭矩, 克服了现有前安装节不传扭的 缺点, 并解除了后安装节的传扭功能, 从而减小后安装节的宽度, 从而使后安装节侵占发动机涵道空间较小, 这样既有利于降低燃油 消耗率, 也有利于吊挂后缘的收缩, 达到降低气动损失的目的。 同 时, 由于前安装节与吊挂的框一体化设计, 从而可以有效减少结构 重量, 降低起落架高度。
优选地, 在所述第一连接点、 第二连接点和第三连接点处分别 穿过所述第一连杆和第二连杆的连接螺栓与设置于在这些连接点处 形成于所述第一拉耳和第二拉耳上的安装孔内的衬套过渡配合。
进一步优选地,在所述第二连接点处的所述衬套包括位于所述 安装孔内的外衬套和与所述连接螺栓过渡配合的内衬套, 所述外衬 套上下两端的内壁为平面, 所述内衬套上下两端的外壁为平面, 内 衬套上下两端的外壁与外衬套上下两端的内壁过渡配合, 内衬套左 右两侧的外壁与外衬套左右两侧的内壁间隙配合。
在该优选方案中, 两个衬套配合时上下两平面过渡配合, 左右 曲面间隙配合, 从而保证了第二连接点只传递垂向载荷, 不传递侧 向载荷。 侧向载荷只在第一连接点和第三连接点两个点传递, 是一 个静定的结构, 传力清晰。
再进一步优选地,所述第一连杆与所述第一拉耳还在第四连接 点处连接, 第四连接点与所述第二连接点相对设置并分别位于所述 第一连接点和所述第三连接点的内侧, 在第四连接点处穿过第一连 杆的连接螺栓与在第四连接点处设置于第一拉耳上的安装孔内的村 套间隙配合。
第四连接点的设置,使得当前安装节通过第一第二连杆与发动 机相连时, 第一连杆的该第四连接点为等待破损安全设计。
又进一步优选地,所述第四连接点处的所述连接螺栓与所述衬 套以第一间隙进行间隙配合, 所述第一间隙设置成当所述第一连接 点、 第二连接点和第三连接点中任意一个连接点失效时, 在该第四 连接点处的所述连接螺栓与所述衬套部分接触。
当第一连接点、第二连接点和第三连接点中任意一个连接点失 效时, 例如第二连接点失效时, 在发动机的载荷作用下, 吊桂前端 框绕第三连接点微微转动, 从而第四连接点处的第一间隙部分消失, 即笫四连接点参与受力。
优选地,本发明的前安装节还包括从所述前端框前壁向外突出 的第三拉耳和一端在第五连接点处与第三拉耳连接的第三连杆, 第 三连杆的另一端适于与发动机连接, 在第五连接点处穿过第三连杆 的连接螺栓与在第五连接点处设置于第三拉耳上的安装孔内的衬套 间隙配合。
第五连接点的设置, 使得当前安装节通过第一、 第二、 第三连 杆与发动机相连时, 第三连杆为等待破损安全设计。
进一步优选地,所述第五连接点处的所述连接螺栓与所述衬套 以第二间隙进行间隙配合, 谅第二间隙设置成大于所述第一间隙并 使得当所述第一连杆或所述第二连杆完全失效时, 在该第五连接点 处的所述连接螺栓与所述衬套部分接触。
当整个第一连杆或第二连杆完全失效时,第五连接点处的第二 间隙在发动机载荷的作用下部分消失, 第三连杆参与受力。
优选地, 所述第一连接点、 第四连接点、 第二连接点和第三连 接点呈一条直线。 这样可以将某些沿直线的相反方向矢量相互抵消。
优选地,所述第五连接点在纵向上位于其它连接点的上方并且 在横向上位于其它连接点的中间部位。
优选地, 所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆为回旋镖连杆。
优选地, 所述第三连杆为直连杵。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1 ) 发动机前安装节与 桂框是一体的, 省却了安装架即没有 对接形式, 安装节与发动机风扇机匣通过连杆直接连接, 从而节省 了发动机的安装部分的重量;
2 ) 该安装节不仅承受垂直方向与水平方向的载荷, 还同时承 受发动机扭矩作用, 从而解除了后安装节的承扭功能;
3 )由于前安装节承受扭矩, 有利于缩小后安装节的外形宽度, 减少吊挂侵占的发动机外涵空间, 从而提高发动机性能, 降低发动 机燃油消耗率。 附图说明 本发明的其它特征以及优点将通过以下结合附图详细描述的 优选实施方式更好地理解, 附图中, 相同的附图标记标识相同或相 似的部件, 其中:
图 1为一种传统构型的飞机吊挂的示意图;
图 2a为图 1中吊挂前安装节的示意图;
图 2b为图 1中吊挂后安装节的示意图;
图 3a为根据本发明的优选实施方式的与飞机吊挂一体化的前 安装节的示意图, 为了清楚起见, 移除了用于固定回旋镖连杆的紧 固件;
图 3b为类似图 3a的视图, 其中的安装节装配有紧固件; 图 4 为图 3a 中与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节连接至发动机 的使用状态图;
图 5为图 3a中前安装节正常状态下的受力情况示意图; 图 6 a、 6b、 6c分别为图 3a中前安装节的第二连接点处紧固孔 内衬套的装配示意图、 外衬套示意图、 内衬套示意图;
图 7为图 3a中前安装节在第二连接点失效状态下的受力情况 示意图;
图 8为图 3a中前安装节在第二回旋镖连杆失效状态下的受力 情况示意图。
附图 1标记说明
10, 吊挂
20, 前安装节 30, 后安装节
21, 左前安装节 22' 中前安装节
23 ' 右前安装节 25, 支架
24' 受拉螺栓孔 42' 受剪销孔
100 前端框
1 第一连接点 2 第二连接点
3 第三连接点 4 第四连接点
5 第五连接点
10 第一拉耳 20 第二拉耳 30 第三拉耳 40 连接螺栓
50 衬套
51 外衬套 52 内衬套
511 外衬套上内壁 521 内衬套上外壁
513 外衬套下内壁 523 内衬套下外壁
515 外衬套内侧壁 525 内衬套外侧壁
70 第一连杆 80 第二连杆
90 第三连杆
200 发动机风扇机匣
201 第一接头 203 第二接头
205 第三接头 具体实施方式
在以下的实施方式的详细描述中,参照构成该描述的一部分的 附图进行说明。 附图以示例的方式展示出特定的实施方式, 本发明 被实现在这些实施方式中。 所示出的实施方式不是为了穷尽根据本 发明的所有实施方式。 可以理解, 其他的实施方式可以被利用, 结 构性或逻辑性的改变能够在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下被做出。 对于附图, 方向性的术语, 例如 "向外" 、 "向下" 等, 是参照所 描述的附图的方位而使用的。 如果附图方位改变, 这些术语也会相 应做出变化。 由于本发明的实施方式的组件能够被以多种方位实施, 这些方向性术语是用于说明的目的, 而不是限制的目的。 因此, 以 下的具体实施方式并不是作为限制的意义, 并且本发明的范围由所 附的权利要求书所限定。
本发明的安装节的主要功能是连接发动机,并将发动机的载荷 传递至吊挂结构。 传统的发动机安装方式是发动机通过前后两个安 装节与吊挂相连, 发动机的扭矩通过后安装节传递到飞行器吊挂, 而本发明采用前安装节与吊挂框一体化设计, 既能传递垂向和侧向 载荷, 又能传递扭矩。 本发明可以用于装备发动机的任何类型的飞 行器上。 根据本发明优选实施方式的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节如 图 3a所示, 其适于与飞机吊挂的前端框 100—体成型, 并包括第一 拉耳 10、 第二拉耳 20、 第三拉耳 30、 第一连杆 70、 第二连杆 80、 第三连杆 90。 第一拉耳 10和第二拉耳 20分别从前端框 100的两侧 向外突出; 第一连杆 70、 第二连杆 80和第三连杆 90的一端分别连 接至第一拉耳 10、 第二拉耳 20和第三拉耳 30, 另一端分别适于连 接至航空发动机。 在本实施方式中, 第一连杆和第二连杆优选为回 旋镖连杆, 第三连杆优选为直连杆, 但这些连杆也可以是其他任何 形状的连杆。
如图 3b所示, 第一连杆 70与第一拉耳 10分别在第一连接点
1和第四连接点 4处连接,第二连杆 80与第二拉耳 20分别在第二连 接点 2和第三连接点 3处连接, 第三连杆 90与第三拉耳 30在第五 连接点 5 处连接。 在本实施方式中, 第一拉耳、 第二拉耳以及第三 拉耳优选为带有安装孔的双耳片, 安装孔就设在各连接点处双耳片 的每个耳片上。 在每个安装孔中都安装有衬套, 在每个连杆上位于 各连接点处也都形成有螺栓孔,连接螺栓 40在第一到第三连接点 1、 2、 3、 4、 5处分别安装到相应连杆上并穿过在这些连接点处装设于 相应拉耳上的安装孔内的衬套。
如图 4所示,本实施方式的前安装节通过两个回旋镖连杆和一 个直连杆与发动机风扇机匣 200上的第一接头 201、第二接头 203和 第三接头 205相连, 整个前安装节与发动机共有三个连接点。 其中, 第一连杆 70上的第四连接点 4和第三连杆 90为等待破损安全设计。 也就是, 正常工况下, 如图 5所示并参照图 3a, 第一连接点 1、 第 二连接点 2、第三连接点 3三点共同承受发动机传递来的垂向载荷(Z 方向)和航向扭矩(X方向) , 第一连接点 1、 第三连接点 3承受侧 向载荷 (Y方向) 。 当第一连接点 1、 第二连接点 2、 第三连接点 3 中任意一点失效时, 第四: ¾接点 4将参与承受垂向载荷(Z方向)和 侧向载荷 (Y方向) 。 例如当第二连接点 2失效时, 第一连接点 1、 第四连接点 4、第三连接点 3三点共同承受发动机传递来的垂向载荷 ( Z方向) 、 侧向载荷( Y方向)和航向扭矩(X方向) 。 当第一连 杆 70或第二连杆 80整个失效即其两个连接点都失效时, 例如, 当 第二连杆 80完全失效时, 第三连杆 90将随之参与受力, 第一连接 点 1、 第四连接点 4、 第五连接点 5三点共同承受发动机传递来的垂 向载荷 (Ζ方向) 、 侧向载荷 (Υ方向) 和发动机扭矩。
再如图 5所示,在第一连杆 70和第二连杆 80分别与第一拉耳 10和第三拉耳 30相连接的点中, 第一连接点 1、 第二连接点 2、 第 三连接点 3 处的连接螺栓与衬套采用小间隙配合, 这样设计一方面 方便连接螺栓的安装, 另一方面在正常工况下, 这三个连接点处承 受所有载荷和扭矩。
在本实施方式中,第二连接点 2处的衬套 50优选如图 6a所示, 包括外衬套 51和内衬套 52。 如图 6b和 6c所示, 外衬套上内壁 511 和外衬套下内壁 513 皆设置成平面来代替曲面, 内衬套上外壁 521 和内衬套下外壁 523 也为平面, 内衬套上外壁 521、 内村套下外壁 523分别与外衬套上内壁 511和外衬套下内壁 513小间隙配合,而仍 可为曲面形状的内衬套外侧壁 525 分别与仍可为曲面形状的外衬套 内侧壁 515 间隙配合。 从而, 第二连接点 2处只传递垂向载荷, 不 传递侧向载荷, 这样, 侧向载荷只在第一连接点 1 和第三连接点 3 两个点处传递, 是一个静定的结构, 传力清晰。 应当理解的是, 除 了第二连接点 2处的衬套 50比较特殊外, 其他连接点处的衬套皆为 普通衬套, 这些普通衬套本身的接头属于现有技术在此不作介绍。
为了使得第一连杆 70的第四连接点 4和第三连杆 90为等待破 损安全设计, 并且第一连杆 70的第四连接点 4为优先等待破损安全 设计, 即在第三连杆 90起作用之前优先起作用, 第四连接点 4处的 连接螺栓 40与衬套采用第一间隙配合, 第五连接点 5处的连接螺栓 40与衬套采用第二间隙配合, 但第五连接点 5处的第二间隙要略大 于第四连接点 4处的第一间隙。 而且应, 当理解的是, 无论是第一 间隙还是第二间隙都应大于连接点 1、 2、 3 处连接螺栓与衬套的间 隙。 从而, 如图 7所示, 当连接点 1、 2、 3任意一处连接点失效时, 例如第二连接点 2失效, 在发动机的载荷作用下, 吊挂前框 100将 以第三连接点 3处的连接螺栓 40为转轴作微微转动, 使得在第四连 接点 4处的连接螺栓 40将与衬套作部分接触, 即第四连接点 4处连 接螺栓 20和衬套之间在局部上的间隙消失, 第四连接点 4即开始参 与受力, 连接点 1、 4、 3 承受垂向载荷、 侧向载荷和航向扭矩。 而 当整个第一连杆 70或第二连杆 80完全失效时, 例如第二连杆 80完 全失效时, 如图 8所示, 在发动机载荷的作用下, 第三连杆 90将被 向下拉动, 使得第五连接点 5处的连接螺栓 20将与衬套部分接触, 即该部分的间隙消失, 第三连杆 90即参与受力, 连接点 1、 4、 5处 承受垂向载荷、 侧向载荷和航向扭矩 β
在如图 3a至图 8所示的实施方式中, 第一连接点 1、第四连接 点 4、 第二连接点 2和第三连接点 3优选呈一条直线分布, 这样可以 将沿谅直线方向的相反矢量相互抵消。 还有, 优选第四连接点 4 与 第二连接点 2相对设置并分别位于第一连接点 1和第三连接点 3的 内侧。 另外, 尽管在本实施方式中, 第五连接点 5在垂向 (即 Z方 向) 上位于其它连接点 1、 2、 3、 4的上方并且在侧向 (即 Y方向) 上位于其它连接点的中间部位, 应当理解的是, 第五连接点 5 也可 以在垂向上位于其它部位, 例如连接点 1、 2、 3、 4的下方, 只要保 证在前安装节与发动机连接后, 第三连杆 90不受力即可。
上述实施方式的前安装节与现有技术相比, 具有以下优点:
1 )发动机前安装节与吊挂框是一体的, 省却了安装架即没有对 接形式, 安装节与发动机风扇机匣通过连杆直接连接, 从而节省了 发动机的安装部分的重量;
2 )该安装节不仅承受垂直方向与水平方向的载荷, 还同时承受 发动机扭矩作用, 从而解除了后安装节的承扭功能;
3 ) 由于前安装节承受扭矩, 有利于缩小后安装节的外形宽度, 减少吊挂侵占的发动机外涵空间, 从而提高发动机性能, 降低发动 机燃油消耗率;
4 )第一连杆和第三连杆的设计是整个前安装节具有等待破损安 全设计功能。
以上已揭示本发明的具体实施例的技术内容及技术特点,然而 可以理解, 在本发明的创作思想下, 本领域的技术人员可以对上述 公开的各种特征和未在此明确示出的特征的组合作各种变化和改 进, 但都属于本发明的保护范围。 上述实施例的描述是示例性的而 不是限制性的。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特征在于, 所述前安 装节适于与飞机吊挂的前端框 ( 100) —体成型, 并包括:
第一拉耳 ( 10) 和第二拉耳 (20) , 其分别从所述前端框的两 侧向外突出;
第一连杆 (70) 和第二连杆 (80) , 其一端分别连接至第一拉 耳和第二拉耳, 另一端分別适于连接至航空发动机;
其中, 第一连杆与第一拉耳在第一连接点( 1 )处可枢转地连接, 第二连杆与第二拉耳分别在第二连接点 (2) 和第三连接点 (3) 处 连接。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 在所述第一连接点 ( 1) 、 第二连接点 (2) 和第三连接点 (3) 处分别穿过所述第一连杆(70) 和第二连杆(80) 的连接螺栓 (40) 适配于设置于在这些连接点处形成于所述第一拉耳 ( 10) 和 第二拉耳 (20) 上的安装孔内的衬套。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 在所述第二连接点 (2) 处的衬套(50) 包括位于所述安装 孔内的外衬套 (51) 和与所述连接螺栓适配的内衬套 (52) , 所述 外衬套上下两端的内壁 (511,513) 为平面, 所述内衬套上下两端的 外壁 ( 521,523 ) 为平面, 内衬套上下两端的外壁与外衬套上下两端 的内壁过渡配合, 内衬套外侧壁 ( 525 ) 与外衬套内侧壁 (515) 间 隙配合。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 所述第一连杆 (70) 与所述第一拉耳 ( 10) 还在第四连接 点 (4) 处连接, 第四连接点 (4) 与所述第二连接点 (2)相对设置 并分别位于所述第一连接点 ( 1 ) 和所述第三连接点 (3) 的内侧, 在第四连接点 (4) 处穿过第一连杆(70) 的连接螺栓(40) 与在第 四连接点处设置于第一拉耳 ( 10) 上的安装孔内的衬套间隙配合。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 所述第四连接点 (4) 处的所述连接螺栓(40) 与所述衬套 以第一间隙进行间隙配合, 所述第一间隙设置成当所述第一连接点 ( 1) 、 第二连接点 (2)和第三连接点 (3) 中任意一个连接点失效 时, 在该第四连接点处的所述连接螺栓与所述衬套部分接触。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 还包括从所述前端框( 100)前壁向外突出的第三拉耳(30) 和一端在第五连接点 (5) 处与第三拉耳连接的第三连杆(90) , 第 三连杆的另一端适于与发动机连接, 在第五连接点 (5)处穿过第三 连杆( 90 )的连接螺栓( 40 )与在第五连接点处设置于第三拉耳( 30 ) 上的安装孔内的衬套间隙配合。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 所述第五连接点 (5) 处的所述连接螺栓(40) 与所述衬套 以第二间隙进行间隙配合, 该第二间隙设置成大于所述第一间隙并 使得当所述第一连杆 (70) 或所述第二连杆 (80) 完全失效时, 在 该第五连接点处的所述连接螺栓与所述衬套部分接触。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 所述第一连接点( 1 ) 、 第四连接点(4) 、 第二连接点 (2) 和第三连接点 (3) 呈一条直线布置。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节, 其特 征在于, 所述第五连接点 (5)在垂向上位于其它连接点的上方并且 在侧向上位于其它连接点的中间部位。
10. 根据权利要求 1至 9任一项所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安 装节, 其特征在于, 所述第一连杆 (70 ) 和所述第二连杆 (80 ) 为 回旋镖连杆。
11. 根据权利要求 6至 9任一项所述的与飞机吊挂一体化的前安 装节, 其特征在于, 所述第三连杆 (90 ) 为直连杆。
PCT/CN2013/088807 2013-02-06 2013-12-06 一种与飞机吊挂一体化的前安装节 WO2014121632A1 (zh)

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