WO2014120070A1 - Détermination et utilisation de contre-pression de gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Détermination et utilisation de contre-pression de gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014120070A1
WO2014120070A1 PCT/SE2014/050106 SE2014050106W WO2014120070A1 WO 2014120070 A1 WO2014120070 A1 WO 2014120070A1 SE 2014050106 W SE2014050106 W SE 2014050106W WO 2014120070 A1 WO2014120070 A1 WO 2014120070A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
measurement value
gas sensor
dependence
estimation
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PCT/SE2014/050106
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English (en)
Inventor
Björn WESTERBERG
Ola Stenlåås
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Scania Cv Ab
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Priority to DE112014000399.9T priority Critical patent/DE112014000399T5/de
Publication of WO2014120070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014120070A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1448—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure
    • F02D41/145—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure with determination means using an estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/022—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting CO or CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/028—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting humidity or water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0601—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing being estimated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1406—Exhaust gas pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1411—Exhaust gas flow rate, e.g. mass flow rate or volumetric flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D2041/1472—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a humidity or water content of the exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1452—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a COx content or concentration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining and utilizing pressure in an exhaust gas pipe in accordance with the recitals for patent claim 1 and a system for determining and utilizing pressure in an exhaust gas pipe in accordance with the recitals for patent claim 26.
  • the present invention also relates to a computer program and a computer software product which implements the method
  • present-day motor vehicles are usually fitted with an aftertreatment device that purifies exhaust gases given off by the engine before they are
  • catalytic converters are arranged so as to effect the catalytic conversion of environmentally hazardous constituents in the exhaust gases to less environmentally hazardous substances.
  • One method used to bring about effective catalytic conversion is based on the injection of a reducing agent into the exhaust gases upstream of a catalytic converter in the exhaust gas pipe.
  • a reduction catalytic converter can be of the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) type, for example.
  • An SCR catalytic converter selectively reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides N0 X in the exhaust gases.
  • a reduction agent in the form of urea or ammonia is normally injected into the exhaust gases upstream of the catalytic converter.
  • urea is injected into the exhaust gases, ammonia is formed, and it is this ammonia which
  • the ammonia constitutes the reductant that contributes to the catalytic conversion in the SCR catalytic converter.
  • the ammonia constitutes the reductant that contributes to the catalytic conversion in the SCR catalytic converter.
  • N0 X nitrogen oxides
  • concentration can be determined with the aid of a N0 X sensor located upstream of the catalytic converter.
  • N0 X sensor is pressure sensitive, and the measurement signals from the sensor have to be
  • the pressure in the part of the exhaust gas pipe upstream of the SCR catalytic converter where the N0 X sensor is located varies according to prevailing operating conditions, and the prevailing pressure drop across the SCR catalytic converter and the pressure drop across other exhaust gas aftertreatment units located between the N0 X sensor and the exhaust gas outlet.
  • One way of determining this pressure is to measure it with the aid of a pressure transmitter.
  • a supplementary pressure transmitter involves additional costs which it is desirable to avoid.
  • the relevant pressure can be determined with the aid of a computational model that depends on prevailing operating conditions.
  • concentrations of oxygen are identical in the first and second positions in certain specific instances, for example in the case of low exhaust gas flows following engine start-up.
  • the pressure in the first position is calculated on the basis of the two
  • the pressure at the first position can be determined without needing to install an extra pressure sensor in the exhaust gas pipe at the first position.
  • the solution described in FR2893979 provides only relatively rough determination, which is to say non-exact determination of the pressure.
  • the initialization required in accordance with FR2893979 in order to be able to apply the method can only be carried out in certain specific instances and presupposes that the oxygen concentrations in the first and second positions are equal in size. Such instances can be produced where, for example, there are low exhaust gas flows in the exhaust gas pipe or in the event of retardation.
  • the solution described in FR2893979 provides only one
  • FR2893979 further presupposes a particular pressure sensitivity for the gas sensors and a particular flow dependence y for the pressure at the position of the sensors, which means that the solution can provide only relatively rough, unreliable pressure determination.
  • One aim of the present invention is to provide determination of the pressure in the exhaust gas pipe that is precise and reliable, and for which no preliminary
  • characteristic properties are estimated. These at least two characteristic properties include a first pressure sensitivity x for the first gas sensor at a first position and a first flow dependence for a first pressure P x at this first position, which are estimated therefore.
  • the first pressure P x is then determined on the basis of at least this estimated first pressure sensitivity a lr on the estimated first flow
  • the first pressure P 1 established is then utilized, for example, in a vehicle.
  • the first pressure sensitivity is estimated, enabling the determination of the first pressure P x according to the present invention to be utilized on essentially all types of gas sensors, since the estimation denotes the way in which the sensors depend on the pressure. This is a great advantage compared with previously known solutions, which assume that sensors' pressure
  • the sensors' pressure sensitivity can vary with time and operating mode; as a result, previously known solutions either cannot be used or provide poor accuracy with older sensors and/or multiple operating modes. Since the present invention estimates the first pressure sensitivity a and the first flow dependence for the first pressure P at the first sensor, a knowledge of these
  • the second pressure sensitivity a 2 and the second flow dependence are also estimated for the second pressure P 2 at the second sensor, thereby providing a knowledge of the individual properties of the second sensor, which can be used to determine the second pressure P 2 .
  • the knowledge of the second sensor's individual properties can also be used to increase the accuracy for determining the first pressure P x if the second sensor is pressure sensitive and is positioned such that the pressure varies.
  • the individual properties are estimated for the first and/or second sensors, which are used to increase the accuracy for determining the first P 1 and/or second P 2
  • the present invention can estimate the first P 1 and/or second P 2 pressure for essentially all operating modes and essentially all types of sensor, and for different ageing of these sensors. Highly accurate determination of the first ⁇ and/or second P 2 pressure is therefore provided, which to all intents and purposes can be performed continuously, if so desired, or when values for the first P 1 and/or second P 2 pressures are needed by other systems in, say, a vehicle.
  • this offers the option of determining the pressure in essentially every position in the exhaust gas pipe with great precision without having a specific measurement value for the pressure in these positions.
  • the present invention does not reguire the second sensor to experience atmospheric pressure plus a well- defined loss of pressure dependent on the location of the sensor, making the invention generally applicable in a great many different positions in exhaust gas pipes.
  • the present invention can be implemented with a low addition of complexity, particularly as pre-existing gas sensors are used to determine the pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows an engine and exhaust gas purification system
  • Figure 2a shows a flow chart for the present invention
  • Figure 2b shows a flow chart for one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a control unit. Description of preferred embodiments
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an engine and exhaust gas purification system 1 fitted with a combustion engine 2 and an exhaust gas pipe 3. Exhaust gases leaving the combustion engine 2 move around an exhaust gas pipe 3 in the form of exhaust gas flows 21, 22, 23 in the various parts of the exhaust gas pipe and exit to the surroundings via an exhaust gas outlet 30.
  • the exhaust gas pipe 3 houses an exhaust gas aftertreatment device 4.
  • the exhaust gas aftertreatment device 4 can be comprised of a separate exhaust gas aftertreatment unit or a set of two or more exhaust gas aftertreatment units connected in series and/or parallel, in which the respective exhaust gas
  • the aftertreatment unit for example, is made up of a catalytic converter or a particle filter.
  • the aftertreatment device 4 need not include each and every one of the oxidation catalytic
  • the aftertreatment device 4 can also include an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) , which will eliminate an excess of ammonia.
  • ASC ammonia slip catalyst
  • the present invention can be used to determine pressure in an exhaust gas pipe 3 connected to a combustion engine 2.
  • the first gas sensor 11 is arranged so as to provide a first measurement value y corresponding to a first concentration of a substance in a first position 3a in the exhaust gas pipe 3 upstream of an aftertreatment device 4 in the exhaust gas pipe.
  • the aftertreatment device 4 can include one or more of an oxidation catalytic converter DOC 5, a particle filter DPF 6, a reduction catalytic converter 7, for example an SCR, or some other applicable aftertreatment device.
  • the first gas sensor 11 is pressure dependent, as mentioned above.
  • a second gas sensor 12 is arranged to provide a second
  • the second gas sensor 12 is arranged in a different position 3b downstream of the aftertreatment device 4.
  • a first step 201 of the method an estimation is made of a first pressure sensitivity ⁇ ⁇ for the first gas sensor 11.
  • a first flow dependence for a first pressure P x at the first position 3a is also estimated.
  • an estimation is made of the two characteristic properties, which comprise the first pressure sensitivity 1 and the first flow dependence .
  • a second step 202 of the method establishes the first pressure Pi at the first position 3a, based at least on the first pressure sensitivity a l f on the first flow dependence and on the first y i and second y 2 measurement values, where the first y x and second y 2 measurement values are provided by the first 11 and second 12 gas sensors, respectively. This determination is described in more detail below.
  • the established first pressure P 1 is used to correct the first measurement value y 1 provided by the first sensor 11, thereby obtaining a more exact measurement value.
  • the established first pressure P 1 is used to determine an amount of soot in the particle filter DPF 6, where the quantity of soot determined, for example, can be used to determine when regeneration of the particle filter DPF is to be carried out.
  • the quantity of soot determined for example, can be used to determine when regeneration of the particle filter DPF is to be carried out.
  • first pressure P x is determined in order to also correct the second pressure dependent on measurement signals, for example measurement signals for both nitrogen oxides N0 X and oxygen 0 2 , provided by the first sensor 11, as both these measurement values are pressure sensitive and require
  • the method according to the invention can be performed
  • a Kalman filter can be utilized for estimation purposes.
  • the estimation is made more robust by performing it quickly, utilizing the Kalman filter in an initial step of the estimation for the more significant parameters, and more slowly during the ensuing steps for other parameters, something which is described further below.
  • the method according to the invention allows for the fact that the differences in measurement value between the first 11 and second 12 sensor may be due to a number of different things. This may entail multiple parameters having to be estimated. Some of these have a big impact on the sensors, i.e. are more significant, while others have less impact; for example, the pressure sensitivity and the flow dependence for the first sensor 11 have a great impact, while the pressure sensitivity 2 and the flow dependence for the second sensor 12 have less impact on the sensors.
  • Fast and slow estimation refer to the speed with which the- estimation converges, i.e. how quickly the optimal parameter values are achieved by
  • the method according to the present invention can also be preceded by collecting data during normal running of the combustion engine 2, on which the estimation is performed based on these collected data through regression analysis.
  • the estimation is made more robust here by the fact that during an initial step the estimation collects a suitably smaller number of measurement value samples and performs regression analysis on these, following which a suitably larger number of measurement value samples are collected, which are then analyzed in regression analysis.
  • estimated coefficients are saved when the engine is switched off.
  • the estimations can be begun again by carrying on from the coefficient values most recently saved. This produces a more effective estimation, which more quickly results in correct values, as the estimated coefficients are not expected to change appreciably during the time the engine is off. Therefore, the pressure can then be determined with essentially the same accuracy as before the engine was
  • a second pressure sensitivity a 2 is also estimated for the second gas sensor 12 in the second position 3b, as well-as a second flow dependence for a second pressure P 2 at the second position 3b.
  • the second pressure P 2 is then established, based, apart from the first pressure sensitivity a lr on the first flow dependence and on the first y x and second y 2 measurement values, also on this second pressure sensitivity a 2 for the second gas sensor 12 and on the second flow dependence for the second pressure P 2 at the second position 3b. Both the first pressure P 1 and the second pressure P 2 are established by this means, therefore.
  • the established second pressure P according to one
  • the present invention exploits the fact that gas sensors
  • the estimation of the first pressure sensitivity r for the first gas sensor 11 and/or the estimation of the second pressure sensitivity a 2 for the second gas sensor 12 is intended to determine a more precise value for the pressure sensitivity in question than that provided by the specifications/supplier.
  • This more precise pressure sensitivity determination is valuable since the pressure sensitivity can vary, depending on the individual level for the sensors/transmitters. Greater precision in determining the pressure can therefore be achieved by estimating the first pressure sensitivity for the first gas sensor 11 and/or estimating the second pressure sensitivity a 2 for the second gas sensor 12 according to the present invention.
  • the estimation of the first pressure sensitivity ⁇ x x for the first gas sensor 11 and/or the estimation of the second pressure sensitivity a 2 for the second gas sensor 12 can be seen as an improvement, i.e. an increase in accuracy, for a value
  • Sensors generally have a degree of accuracy, which can also change as they age. As a result, with time they reproduce the measured magnitude with some deviation. There are at least two types of deviation. One type of deviation is dependent on the size of the measurement signal, which is to say that the deviation is proportional to the measurement signal, and another type of deviation is dependent on the size of the measurement signal, which is to say that the deviation is constant.
  • One type of deviation is dependent on the size of the measurement signal, which is to say that the deviation is proportional to the measurement signal
  • another type of deviation is dependent on the size of the measurement signal, which is to say that the deviation is constant.
  • x c k ⁇ x + d , (equ . 2 ) in which x is the sensor's uncorrected measurement value, x c the corrected correct measurement value, k is the correction factor for the sensor's proportional deviation 1/fc and d is the correction factor for the sensor's constant deviation — d .
  • the correction d for the sensor and the sensor's constant deviation have the same value
  • the method includes an estimation of at least one additional characteristic feature for one or more of the first 11 and second 12 sensors.
  • This at least one additional characteristic feature includes the proportional error 1/k for the first 11 or second 12 gas sensor, respectively, and/or the constant deviation —d for the first 11 or second 12 gas sensor,
  • Determination of one or more of the first pressure P 1 and the second pressure P 2 is then performed based, apart from on the first 1 and/or second a 2 pressure
  • the pressure flow dependence i.e. the first flow dependence for the first pressure P 1 and/or the second flow dependence for the second pressure P 2 , is also relatively well-known, since the design of the exhaust gas system and the siting of
  • each of the first pressure P x at the first position 3a and the second pressure P 2 at the second position depends on a exhaust gas flow velocity v in the exhaust gas pipe 3 with a linear term v and a quadratic term a 2 v 2 .
  • the pressure in the exhaust gas pipe 3 depends on the surrounding air pressure and the flow resistance in the exhaust gas system.
  • the flow resistance depends on the extent to which the flow is laminar or
  • P P Q + a ⁇ v + a 2 ⁇ v 2 , (equ. 3)
  • P the pressure in the current position in the exhaust gas system
  • P 0 the air pressure of the surroundings
  • v the exhaust gas flow's average velocity in the cross-section of the flow in the current position
  • a and a 2 are
  • each of the first pressure P x at the first position 3a and the second pressure P 2 at the second position depends on a mass flow rh in the exhaust gas pipe 3 with a linear term b ⁇ m and a quadratic term b 2 m 2 , where the dependence of the mass flow rh may depend on a temperature T in the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust gas pipe 3.
  • the flow velocity relates to the volumetric flow through the cross-section area and the volumetric flow to the mass flow through the density in accordance with the following equation:
  • a A-p PM' (equ. 4) where q is the volumetric flow, A is the cross-section area, rh is the mass flow, p is the density, P is the pressure, M is the average molar mass of the exhaust gases, R is the general gas constant and T is the temperature.
  • the estimation of the first pressure sensitivity a for the first gas sensor 11 and/or the second pressure sensitivity a 2 for the second gas sensor 12, and the first flow dependence for the first pressure P x and/or the second flow dependence for the second pressure P 2 may, according to one embodiment of the present invention, involve the following steps, as illustrated in the flow chart in Figure 2b.
  • an estimation of a proportional and static correction is performed for the first gas sensor 11 and/or the second gas sensor 12.
  • the sensors' /transmitters' proportional and static deviation always affect the sensors' measurement values regardless of operating mode.
  • ki, k 2 , di and d 2 for example, in equation 13 below.
  • a second step 220 an accurate estimation of values for the first pressure sensitivity a for the first gas sensor 11 is carried out based on relatively well-known values provided for the pressure sensitivity and for respective flow pressure dependence as described above. Therefore, the relatively well- known value for the pressure sensitivity for the gas sensor 12 in the second position 3b and relatively well-known values for the pressure's flow dependence can be exploited to estimate a more exact/precise value for the pressure sensitivity for the first sensor 11.
  • a third step 230 an accurate estimation of values for the flow dependence for the first position 3a is performed, estimating first a linear then a quadratic flow dependence, as described above.
  • a fourth step 240 accurate estimation of values for the second pressure sensitivity ct 2 for the second gas sensor 12 is performed, based on relatively well-known values provided for the pressure sensitivity and flow pressure dependence, and based on the properties for the first sensor 11 accurately estimated in the second 220 and third 230 steps.
  • a fifth step 250 an accurate estimation of values for the flow dependence for the second position 3b is performed, estimating first a linear then a quadratic flow dependence, as described above.
  • a sixth step 260 the change over time for the pressure's flow dependence for the first position 3a can then be
  • the order of the method can also be changed so as to carry out the method for the second gas sensor in the second position 3b first, then for the first gas sensor 11 in the first position.
  • the method can be carried out sequentially for the first 11 and second 12 gas sensors, in arbitrary order.
  • measurement value measured by the first gas sensor 11 and the second measurement value y 2 measured by the second gas sensor 12, respectively, are related to a substance or
  • determination of the pressure in the exhaust gas pipe can be based on an assumption that a first corrected measurement value y cl ,
  • Equation 9 can be rewritten in accordance with:
  • the first pressure ⁇ - and the second pressure P 2 can be determined on the basis of 12.
  • the size of the respective gas sensor' s pressure dependence is assumed to be relatively equal, 1 » a 2 . Also, in accordance with the
  • the correction factors k l r k 2 for the respective gas sensor' s proportional deviation can be expected to be relatively equal, k x « k 2 .
  • ⁇ 2 i-ydl + [(1 - + c 21 ]rh + [(1 - a t c 12 + c ll( : 21 ) + c 22 ]rh 2 ⁇
  • K2 (rf2- rfi) Cl2+C2 ilC21 - (equ.
  • the size of the first measurement value y 1 or the second measurement value y 2 , respectively, of the first pressure P t or the second pressure P 2 , respectively, is affected; that is to say, both the first 11 and the second 12 gas sensors are pressure dependent.
  • the estimation is performed in at least two steps, since both the first 11 and the second 12 gas sensor are pressure dependent.
  • the coefficients - ⁇ , a lf c xl and c 12 are then estimated with
  • the estimation of the pressure sensitivity and flow dependence for the first gas sensor 11 is paused in the first position 3a, and for the second gas sensor 12 in the second position 3b, if the first y x and second y 2 measurement values are expected to be of equal size, i.e. because the measured gas concentration can be expected to be different at the first position 3a for the first gas sensor 11 located upstream and at the second
  • pausing the estimation entails terminating the estimation in order to resume it later on, moving the estimation into a temporary holding position, or temporarily interrupting the estimation in some other way.
  • the first y and second y 2 measurement values are expected to differ substantially with operating mode, as the measured gas concentration is affected by reactions in the exhaust gas system' s components between the position of the two gas sensors, for example, in the event of a quick change in the desired engine torque and/or speed, i.e. in the event of a quick change in power take-off from the engine.
  • the estimation should be paused in accordance with the method according to the invention.
  • the first y 1 and second y 2 measurement values are also expected to differ substantially when regeneration of the particle filter DPF 6 is in progress.
  • hydrocarbons are dosed, which oxidize in the oxidation catalytic converter DOC 5, affecting the oxygen content so as to reduce it, and affecting the carbon dioxide and water contents so as to increase both.
  • the estimation must be temporarily paused in connection with such regeneration, for example, by pausing the estimation while regeneration is in progress, resuming it once regeneration has finished, thereby enabling new parameter values to be determined as soon as possible after
  • the pressure calculated at the first gas sensor 11 located in first position 3a upstream can be expected to be somewhat overestimated/elevated for a while after regeneration has been carried out, until it has been managed to estimate new values for the pressure flow dependence coefficients.
  • the estimation is based on an assumption that the first corrected measurement value y cl , corresponding to the first measurement value y x , differs from the second corrected measurement value y c2 , corresponding to the second measurement value y 2 .
  • the difference between these corrected measurement values depends here on the quantity of the measured substance consumed between the first 3a and second 3b positions.
  • a slight change in the measured gas concentration of the substance between the first 3a and second 3b position of the gas sensors occurs with relative frequency.
  • oxygen is consumed at the same time as carbon dioxide and water are formed. The same reactions take place in the
  • the method for determining and utilizing pressure in an exhaust gas pipe according to the present invention can be implemented in a computer program, which when executed in a computer causes the computer to carry out the method.
  • the computer program usually constitutes part of a computer software product 303, in which the computer software contains a suitable digital storage medium on which the computer program is stored.
  • Said computer-readable medium consists of a suitable memory, such as: ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM
  • EPROM Erasable PROM
  • Flash memory EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)
  • hard disk unit etc.
  • a system for determining and utilizing pressure in an exhaust gas pipe connected to a combustion engine.
  • the system comprises the first 11 and second 12 gas sensors described above.
  • the system also includes an estimation unit 131 configured to estimate at least two characteristic
  • the system further includes a
  • the system also includes a utilization unit 133 configured to exploit the established first pressure
  • FIG 3 is a schematic illustration of a control unit 300 which constitutes a schematic description of the control unit 13 in Figure 1 connected to the first 11 and second 12 gas sensors.
  • the control unit 300 comprises a calculation unit 301, which can be made up of essentially some suitable type of processor or microcomputer, e.g. a circuit for digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) , or a circuit with a pre-determined specific function (Application Specific
  • the calculation unit 301 is
  • control unit 300 which provides the calculation unit 301 with e.g. the stored program code and/or stored data which the calculation unit 301 requires in order to be able to perform calculations.
  • the calculation unit 301 is also configured to store the partial or final result of calculations in the memory unit 302.
  • the control unit 300 is provided with devices 311, 312, 313, 314 for the respective reception and
  • input and output signals respectively, for example measurement signals from the first 11 and second 12 gas sensors.
  • These input and output signals can contain wave forms, impulses or other attributes which can be detected as information by the devices 311, 313 for receiving input signals and can be transformed into signals which can be processed by the calculation unit 301. These signals are then supplied to the calculation unit 301.
  • the devices 312, 314 are then supplied to the calculation unit 301.
  • calculation unit 301 to output signals for transfer to other parts of the vehicle's control system and/or the component (s) for which the signals are intended, e.g. to other parts of the system' s engine and exhaust gas purification system, or to other parts of, say, a vehicle.
  • receiving or, respectively, transmitting input and output signals can be made up of one or more of: a cable, a data bus, such as a CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus) , a MOST bus (Media Orientated Systems Transport bus) or some other bus configuration, or a wireless connection.
  • a data bus such as a CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus) , a MOST bus (Media Orientated Systems Transport bus) or some other bus configuration, or a wireless connection.
  • control systems in modern vehicles consist of a communications bus system consisting of one or more
  • ECUs electronice control units
  • controllers and various on-board components.
  • ECUs electronice control units
  • Such a control system can include a large number of control units, and responsibility for a specific function can be shared between more than one control unit.
  • the present invention is implemented in the control unit 300.
  • the invention can also be partly or wholly implemented in one or more other control units already found on the vehicle or in some dedicated control unit for the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle, for example a lorry or a bus, and other devices and craft containing combustion
  • engines such as a ship, vessel or aeroplane, containing at least one system for determining exhaust gas back pressure according to the invention.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the invention described above but relates to and includes all embodiments within the protective scope of the independent claims attached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un système destinés à déterminer et à utiliser une pression dans un tuyau de gaz d'échappement raccordé à un moteur à combustion. Un premier capteur de gaz est configuré pour fournir une première valeur de mesure y1 correspondant à une première concentration d'une substance, ledit premier capteur de gaz dépendant de la pression et étant agencé dans une première position en amont d'un dispositif de post-traitement dans ledit tuyau de gaz d'échappement. Un second capteur de gaz est configuré pour fournir une seconde valeur de mesure y2 correspondant à une seconde concentration de ladite substance, ledit second capteur de gaz étant agencé dans une seconde position en aval dudit dispositif de post-traitement. Selon la présente invention, une estimation est effectuée d'au moins deux propriétés caractéristiques comprenant une première sensibilité de pression α1 pour ledit premier capteur de gaz et une première dépendante d'écoulement pour une première pression P1 dans ladite première position. Sur la base de ladite première sensibilité de pression α1, de ladite première dépendance d'écoulement et desdites première y1 et seconde y2 valeurs de mesure, ladite première pression P1 est déterminée, laquelle est ensuite utilisée.
PCT/SE2014/050106 2013-01-31 2014-01-28 Détermination et utilisation de contre-pression de gaz d'échappement WO2014120070A1 (fr)

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DE102014010623A1 (de) * 2014-07-21 2016-01-21 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Druckes in der Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102014018601A1 (de) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Verfahren zur Überwachung der Wirksamkeit eines Abgasbehandlungsapparates
GB2538735A (en) * 2015-05-26 2016-11-30 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Control apparatus and method
CN106560610A (zh) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-12 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 排气系统压力估计系统和方法
CN106560609A (zh) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-12 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 排气系统温度估计系统和方法
US11092336B2 (en) * 2018-09-18 2021-08-17 Denso Wave Incorporated Method for estimating water content, and estimation device
CN116068979A (zh) * 2023-03-23 2023-05-05 南京沪江复合材料股份有限公司 一种全自动吨袋包装线控制系统

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WO2011148814A1 (fr) * 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Appareil de réduction catalytique sélective
EP2514955A1 (fr) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Magneti Marelli S.p.A. Procèdè de actualisation d'une fonctione de calcule de la pression du gaz d'échappement dans un moteur à combustion interne

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004043365A1 (de) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Abgasgegendrucks im Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine
WO2011148814A1 (fr) * 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Appareil de réduction catalytique sélective
EP2514955A1 (fr) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Magneti Marelli S.p.A. Procèdè de actualisation d'une fonctione de calcule de la pression du gaz d'échappement dans un moteur à combustion interne

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014010623A1 (de) * 2014-07-21 2016-01-21 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Druckes in der Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
WO2016012005A1 (fr) 2014-07-21 2016-01-28 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Procédé de détermination de la pression dans le système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
DE102014010623B4 (de) * 2014-07-21 2016-05-12 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Druckes in der Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102014018601A1 (de) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Verfahren zur Überwachung der Wirksamkeit eines Abgasbehandlungsapparates
GB2538735A (en) * 2015-05-26 2016-11-30 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Control apparatus and method
GB2538735B (en) * 2015-05-26 2019-06-12 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Variable sensitivity pressure differential detection in a vehicle aftertreatment system
CN106560610A (zh) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-12 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 排气系统压力估计系统和方法
CN106560609A (zh) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-12 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 排气系统温度估计系统和方法
CN106560609B (zh) * 2015-10-02 2019-11-26 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 排气系统温度估计系统和方法
US11092336B2 (en) * 2018-09-18 2021-08-17 Denso Wave Incorporated Method for estimating water content, and estimation device
CN116068979A (zh) * 2023-03-23 2023-05-05 南京沪江复合材料股份有限公司 一种全自动吨袋包装线控制系统
CN116068979B (zh) * 2023-03-23 2023-06-20 南京沪江复合材料股份有限公司 一种全自动吨袋包装线控制系统

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