WO2014117456A1 - 骨骼植入物 - Google Patents

骨骼植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014117456A1
WO2014117456A1 PCT/CN2013/075937 CN2013075937W WO2014117456A1 WO 2014117456 A1 WO2014117456 A1 WO 2014117456A1 CN 2013075937 W CN2013075937 W CN 2013075937W WO 2014117456 A1 WO2014117456 A1 WO 2014117456A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bone
bone implant
connecting end
retaining section
thread
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/075937
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟圣慧
胡少卜
Original Assignee
Meng sheng-hui
Hu Shao-Bu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201310058537.9A external-priority patent/CN103505280B/zh
Application filed by Meng sheng-hui, Hu Shao-Bu filed Critical Meng sheng-hui
Priority to US14/764,611 priority Critical patent/US9867644B2/en
Publication of WO2014117456A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014117456A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/863—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue with thread interrupted or changing its form along shank, other than constant taper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
    • A61C8/0022—Self-screwing
    • A61C8/0025—Self-screwing with multiple threads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
    • A61C8/0037—Details of the shape
    • A61C8/0045—Details of the shape with a stepped body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bone implant, particularly a bone implant that has a thread and is not removed after implantation into the bone.
  • the bone screws, intramedullary nails or artificial roots of implants such as bone needles, bone nails, locking bone plates or artificial joints are common bone implants;
  • the stability of the bond between the various bone implants and the bones is very important, and the bone implants that are firmly bonded to the bone can improve the medical effect and efficiency that is desired.
  • each of the aforementioned existing root implants is not provided with a structure capable of preventing reverse sliding out in the threaded portion, so that the root implant can be implanted only with bone tissue and root tissue after being implanted into the alveolar bone.
  • the existing root implant can be firmly integrated into the alveolar bone.
  • the existing root implant can be firmly integrated into the alveolar bone.
  • the surface of the body is loose, causing bone integration to fail.
  • existing bone implants do have the need to improve.
  • the bone implant can be firmly integrated into the bone without being able to slide back out.
  • the technical content applied by the present invention includes:
  • a bone implant comprises: a body, the two ends of the body are respectively a connecting end and a drill bit end, and the body is provided with a plurality of engaging sections between the connecting end and the drill bit end,
  • a retaining section is disposed, and each of the plurality of engaging sections is distributed with a same drilling thread on the circumferential surface of the body, and the retaining section is The book
  • a circumferential portion of the body is provided with a latching portion, the maximum outer diameter of the retaining portion is smaller than a minimum outer diameter of each of the engaging portions between the retaining portion and the connecting end; and a support base is provided at The book
  • the connecting end of the body is provided with a keying recess in the supporting base.
  • the invention further provides a bone implant comprising: a body, the two ends of the body are respectively a connecting end and a drill bit end, and the body is provided between the connecting end and the drill bit end
  • each of the plurality of meshing sections is distributed with a same drilling thread on the circumferential surface of the body, Defense
  • the decoupling section is provided with a latching portion on the circumferential surface of the body, the maximum outer diameter of the retaining section being smaller than the minimum outer diameter of each of the engaging sections between the retaining section and the connecting end; Limit
  • the head is disposed at the connecting end of the body, and the limiting head is provided with a tool abutting portion.
  • the latching portion may be at least one anti-offset thread distributed on the circumferential surface of the body, the anti-off-threading direction being different from the direction of rotation of the drilling thread.
  • the bone implant of the present invention wherein the number of the anti-offset threads may be several.
  • a gap may be provided between the adjacent two anti-offset threads, and the spacer may be a blank portion without a thread or provided with a protrusion.
  • the bone implant of the present invention wherein the click portion may be at least one convex ring distributed on a circumferential surface of the body.
  • the bone implant of the present invention wherein the number of the convex rings may be several.
  • a spacer may be disposed between two adjacent convex rings, and the spacer may be a blank portion without a convex ring or provided with a protrusion.
  • the bone implant of the present invention wherein the click portion may be a rough surface.
  • the bone implant of the present invention wherein the click portion may be at least one spiral groove or ring groove distributed on a circumferential surface of the body.
  • the bone implant of the present invention wherein the helix angle of each of the drilling threads can be the same.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention (1).
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention (2).
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the implementation of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view (3) of the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view (4) of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the implementation of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bone implant of the first embodiment of the present invention is a root implant comprising a body 1 and a pedestal 2 disposed at one end of the body 1 .
  • the two ends of the body 1 are respectively a connecting end 1a and a drill end 1b.
  • the connecting end 1a of the main body 1 is connected to the supporting base 2, and the drill end 1b is preferably arc-shaped or tapered.
  • the drawing is described with an arc-shaped drill end 1b as an embodiment.
  • the body 1 is provided with a plurality of meshing sections 11 between the connecting end 1a and the drill bit end 1b, and any two adjacent meshing sections 11
  • a retaining section 12 is provided between the two embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the present embodiment is characterized in that the body 1 is provided with two engaging sections 11 and a retaining section 12 as an embodiment.
  • each of the engaging sections 11 is respectively provided with a drilling thread 111 on the circumferential surface of the body 1, and the drilling threads 111 on each of the engaging sections 11 have the same direction of rotation and spiral
  • a valley portion 112 is formed between the pitches of the drilling threads 111.
  • Each of the meshing sections 11 of the body 1 has a minimum outer diameter D1 at the valley portion 112; the retaining section 12 is in the
  • the circumferential surface of the body 1 is provided with a latching portion 121 having a maximum outer diameter D2 at the retaining section 12.
  • the large outer diameter D2 should be smaller than the minimum outer diameter D1 of each of the meshing sections 11 between the retaining section 12 and the connecting end 1a.
  • the latching portion 121 may be at least one anti-off thread 121a distributed on the circumferential surface of the body 1, so that the body 1 may be selected to have a reduced diameter at the retaining portion 12.
  • the maximum outer diameter D2 of the retaining section 12 may be smaller than the minimum outer diameter D1 of the engaging section 11 between the retaining section 12 and the connecting end 1a; thus, the root implant is composed of the respective engaging regions of the body 1.
  • the anti-off section 12 does not affect the smoothness of the lock.
  • the rotation direction of the anti-off thread 121a is different from the rotation direction of the drilling thread 111 to provide the drill
  • the parameters such as the pitch, the helix angle, and the tooth depth of the anti-off-thread 121a may be the same or different.
  • a spacer portion 122 may be disposed between the adjacent two anti-dropping threads 121a.
  • the spacer portion 122 may be a blank segment having a smooth or rough surface without a thread, or may be provided with a ring pattern or any
  • the present invention is not limited by the present invention.
  • the pedestal 2 can be integrally connected to the connecting end 1a of the body 1.
  • the supporting base 2 is provided with a keying recess 21 for positioning and locating a table A (as shown in FIG. 3). Connection
  • a crown (not shown) to form a denture.
  • the pedestal can have corresponding structural changes in response to different forms of the abutments, which can be understood by those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field.
  • a hole (not shown) is preliminarily formed on the gum and the alveolar bone, and then the drill end 1b of the root implant is used as an implantation end.
  • the retaining section 12 is at the drill lock The bone
  • the bone tissue inside the alveolar bone will gradually form osseointegration with the root implant, and during the process of osseointegration, the bone tissue will gradually cover the tooth.
  • the circumferential surface of the root implant, and the retaining portion 12 further increases the contact surface area of the body 1 with the alveolar bone by means of the structure such as the anti-de-threading 121a to enhance the effect of osseointegration.
  • the structure such as the anti-de-threading 121a to enhance the effect of osseointegration.
  • the resistance opposite to the direction in which the root implant is removed can be further provided; thus, the root implant can be stably positioned at a preset position without any displacement, which is not easy to occur.
  • the root implant is loosened in the bone tissue, so it can effectively accelerate the efficiency of osseointegration.
  • the latching portion 121 may be at least one convex ring 121b distributed on the circumferential surface of the body 1, so that the body 1 can also be selected.
  • the retaining section 12 is in a reduced diameter state, such that the maximum outer diameter D2 of the retaining section 12 can be smaller than the minimum outer diameter D1 of the engaging section 11 between the retaining section 12 and the connecting end 1a; So, each should
  • the detachment prevention section 12 can provide resistance to the opposite direction of the root implant removal to ensure that the root implant is stably positioned at a predetermined position without any displacement.
  • the number of the convex rings 121b is preferably several.
  • the parameters such as the pitch or the inclination angle of each of the convex rings 121b may be the same or different;
  • the illustration of the embodiment is represented by a plurality of equally-shaped convex rings 121b which are equidistantly distributed and orthogonal to the axial direction of the body 1, but are not limited thereto. Furthermore, an adjacent two convex rings 121b may be provided between
  • a spacer portion may be a blank portion having a smooth or rough surface without providing the convex ring 121b, or a protrusion having any form, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the latching portion 121 of the retaining section 12 may not be provided with a thread, a convex ring or a projection of any form, but may be formed by a method such as sand blasting and etching to form a rough surface.
  • the rough surface increases the contact surface area of the body 1 with the bone to enhance the effect of osseointegration.
  • the latching portion 121 may be at least one spiral groove 121 c or a ring groove distributed on the circumferential surface of the body 1 , so that the body 1 does not need to be present at the retaining portion 12 .
  • the maximum outer diameter D2 of the retaining section 12 can also be made smaller than the minimum outer diameter D1 of the engaging section 11 between the retaining section 12 and the connecting end 1a.
  • the root implant can also be borrowed
  • the at least one spiral groove 121c or the annular groove increases the contact surface area of the body 1 with the bone to enhance the effect of osseointegration, and further by the at least one spiral groove 121c or the ring groove
  • the opposite resistance of the root implant is provided to ensure that the root implant is stably positioned at a predetermined position without any displacement.
  • the bone implant of the second embodiment of the present invention is a bone nail.
  • the bone nail includes a body 3 and a limiting head 4 , and the limiting head 4 is disposed at one end of the body 3 . Among them, when
  • the bone nail is used to provide a temporary anchoring function, for example, to fix a bone plate, and the bone nail can be selected from a bioabsorbable material to be absorbed by the living body after being implanted for a period of time.
  • the nail can be made of a non-bioabsorbable material.
  • the two ends of the body 3 are respectively a connecting end 3a and a drill end 3b.
  • the body 3 is provided with a plurality of engaging sections 31 between the connecting end 3a and the drill end 3b, and any two adjacent engaging sections 31. It
  • a retaining section 32 is provided between the embodiment.
  • the figure of the embodiment is characterized in that the body 3 is provided with three engaging sections 31 and two retaining sections 32 as an embodiment.
  • each of the engaging sections 31 has a drilling thread 311 distributed on the circumferential surface of the body 3, and the drilling threads 311 on each of the engaging sections 31 have the same direction of rotation and spiral
  • a groove portion 312 is formed between the pitches of the drilling threads 311, and each of the meshing sections 31 of the body 3 has a minimum outer diameter D3 at the valley portion 312; the retaining portion 32 is in the
  • the circumferential surface of the body 3 is provided with a latching portion 321 having a maximum outer diameter D4 at the retaining section 32.
  • the large outer diameter D2 should be smaller than the minimum outer diameter D3 of each of the meshing sections 31 between the retaining section 32 and the connecting end 3a.
  • the latching portion 321 of the embodiment can be the same as the latching portion 121 of the first embodiment, and can be selected as at least one anti-dropping screw 321a, a convex ring, a rough surface, and a spiral distributed on the circumferential surface of the body 3.
  • the rotation direction of the anti-off-thread 321a and the spiral groove is different from the direction of rotation of the drilling thread 311, and other related structures may refer to the description of the first embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • the body 3 can be selected to have a reduced diameter at the retaining portion 32, and when the latching portion 321 is a spiral groove or
  • the body 3 When the ring groove is formed, the body 3 does not need to be in a reduced diameter state at the retaining portion 32.
  • the maximum outer diameter D2 of the retaining portion 32 can be made smaller than the retaining portion 32 to the connection.
  • the limiting head 4 can be integrally connected to the connecting end 3a of the body 3.
  • the limiting head 4 is provided with a tool abutting portion 41 for abutting and positioning by a tool (not shown), and the tool is driven by the tool.
  • the head 4 is rotated in the direction of rotation of the drilling thread 311 to lock the body 3 into the bone.
  • the limit head 4 can have a corresponding structure in response to different forms of the locked object (for example, a bone plate).
  • the bone plate 5 is fixed to the bone surface by using the bone nail.
  • the body 3 of the bone nail passes through the corresponding locking hole 51 of the bone plate 5 , and the drill bit of the body 3 is used. End 3b is
  • the body 3 is rotated by the tool, so that the bone nail can be gradually inserted into the bone by the drilling thread 311 of each of the meshing sections 31, and finally the limit head 4 of the bone nail is used.
  • the bone nail can no longer continue to be drilled into the bone, thereby limiting the depth of bonding of the bone nail to the bone.
  • the bone tissue inside the bone will gradually form osseointegration with the bone nail, and during the process of osseointegration, the bone tissue will gradually cover the circumferential surface of the bone nail.
  • each of the retaining sections 32 further increases the contact surface area of the body 3 with the bone by the structure of the latching portion 321 to enhance the effect of osseointegration.
  • each of the retaining sections 32 further increases the contact surface area of the body 3 with the bone by the structure of the latching portion 321 to enhance the effect of osseointegration.
  • the bone tissue growing in the detachment preventing section 32 can interrupt the co-rotation torque of each of the drilling threads 311, and even provide a resistance opposite to the direction in which the nail is pulled out; thus, the bone nail can be securely set.
  • the bone implant of the present invention can improve the effect of osseointegration by providing the anti-detachment section between two adjacent meshing sections, and can provide a detachment from the bone implant.

Abstract

一种骨骼植入物包括一个本体（1）和一个支台座（2）。该本体（1）的两端分别为一个连接端（1a）及一个钻头端（1b），该本体（1）在该连接端（1a）与钻头端（1b）之间设有多个啮合区段（11），任两个相邻的啮合区段（11）之间设有一个防脱区段（12），啮合区段（11）在本体（1）的表面上有旋向相同的螺纹（111），防脱区段（12）在本体（1）的表面设有一个卡擎部（121），防脱区段（12）的最大外径（D2）小于该防脱区段（12）至连接端（1a）间的各啮合区段（11）的最小外径（D1）。该支台座（2）设于本体（1）的连接端（1a），支台座（2）中设有一个凹孔（21）。

Description

骨骼植入物 技术领域
本发明是关于一种骨骼植入物，特别是一种具有螺纹且植入骨骼后即不再取出的骨骼植入物。
背景技术
骨骼植入物的种类繁多，举凡骨针、骨钉、锁固骨板或人工关节等植入物的骨螺丝、骨髓内钉或人工牙根等，都是常见的骨骼植入物；一
般而言，各种骨骼植入物与骨骼之间的结合稳定度都相当重要，稳固结合于骨骼的骨骼植入物，可提升所欲达成的医疗效果及效率。
其中，部分的骨骼植入物在植入骨骼后即不再取出，以人工牙根为例，中国台湾公开第201121510号《人体植入物及其制造方法》专利申
请案着重在牙根植体的表面材质改良；公告第M338055号《人工牙根的改良结构》专利案着重在牙根植体颈部与骨骼的结合稳定度；而公
告第M390130号《单件角度植牙体》专利案则着重在牙根支台的改良。
 技术问题
只是，前述各现有的牙根植体均未在螺纹部中设置能防止逆向滑动脱出的结构，使得该牙根植体植入齿槽骨后，仅能借助骨组织与牙根植
体产生骨整合（Osseointegration）后，该现有的牙根植体方能稳固结合于齿槽骨中。然而，在骨整合的过程中，一旦该现有的牙根植体
受到与螺纹旋向相反的力量，就可能因在齿槽骨中发生旋移而产生滑脱的情况，即使只是些微的位移，也会导致骨组织自该现有的牙根植
体的表面松动，致使骨整合失败。基于上述原因，现有的骨骼植入物确实有加以改善的必要。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的是提供一种骨骼植入物，可提供与该骨骼植入物脱出方向相反的阻力，以有效避免该骨骼植入物在骨骼中产生松动的状况，
使该骨骼植入物可稳固结合于骨骼中而无法逆向滑动脱出。
为达到前述目的，本发明所运用的技术内容包含有：
一种骨骼植入物，包含：一个本体，该本体的两端分别为一个连接端及一个钻头端，该本体在该连接端与钻头端之间设有数个啮合区段，
任两个相邻的啮合区段之间设有一个防脱区段，该数个啮合区段各在该本体的环周面分布有一个旋向相同的钻凿螺纹，该防脱区段在该本
体的环周面设有一个卡掣部，该防脱区段的最大外径小于该防脱区段至该连接端间的各该啮合区段的最小外径；及一个支台座，设于该本
体的连接端，该支台座中设有一个键合凹孔。
本发明另提供一种骨骼植入物，包含：一个本体，该本体的两端分别为一个连接端及一个钻头端，该本体在该连接端与钻头端之间设有数
个啮合区段，任两个相邻的啮合区段之间设有一个防脱区段，该数个啮合区段各在该本体的环周面分布有一个旋向相同的钻凿螺纹，该防
脱区段在该本体的环周面设有一个卡掣部，该防脱区段的最大外径小于该防脱区段至该连接端间的各该啮合区段的最小外径；及一个限位
头，设于该本体的连接端，该限位头设有一个工具抵接部。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，该卡掣部可以为分布在该本体的环周面的至少一个防脱螺纹，该防脱螺纹的旋向与该钻凿螺纹的旋向不同。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，该防脱螺纹的数量可以为数个。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，相邻的两个防脱螺纹间可以设有一个间隔部，该间隔部可以为未设置螺纹的空白段或设有凸出物。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，该卡掣部可以为分布在该本体的环周面的至少一个凸环。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，该凸环的数量可以为数个。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，相邻的两个凸环间可以设有一个间隔部，该间隔部可以为未设置凸环的空白段或设有凸出物。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，该卡掣部可以为一个粗糙表面。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，该卡掣部可以为分布在该本体的环周面的至少一个螺旋凹槽或环槽。
本发明的骨骼植入物，其中，各该钻凿螺纹的螺旋角可以相同。
 附图说明
图1：本发明第一实施例的结构示意图（一）。
图2：本发明第一实施例的结构示意图（二）。
图3：本发明第一实施例的实施示意图。
图4：本发明第一实施例的结构示意图（三）。
图5：本发明第一实施例的结构示意图（四）。
图6：本发明第二实施例的结构示意图。
图7：本发明第二实施例的实施示意图。
【主要元件符号说明】
1本体 1a连接端
1b钻头端 11啮合区段
111钻凿螺纹 112谷部
12防脱区段 121卡掣部
121a防脱螺纹 121b凸环
121c螺旋凹槽 122间隔部
2支台座 21键合凹孔
3本体 3a连接端
3b钻头端 31啮合区段
311钻凿螺纹 312谷部
32防脱区段 321卡掣部
321a防脱螺纹
4限位头 41工具抵接部
5骨板 51锁孔
D1最小外径 D2最大外径
D3最小外径 D4最大外径
A支台。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
为让本发明的上述及其他目的、特征及优点能更明显易懂，下文特举本发明的较佳实施例，并配合附图，作详细说明如下：
请参照图1所示，本发明第一实施例的骨骼植入物为一牙根植体，该牙根植体包含一本体1及一支台座2，该支台座2设于该本体1的一端。
该本体1的两端分别为一连接端1a及一钻头端1b，该本体1的连接端1a连接该支台座2，该钻头端1b较佳选择为圆弧状或尖锥状，本实施例
的图式是以圆弧状的钻头端1b作为实施形态说明。该本体1在该连接端1a与钻头端1b之间设有数个啮合区段11，任两个相邻的啮合区段11
之间设有一防脱区段12，本实施例的图式以该本体1设有二个啮合区段11及一防脱区段12作为实施形态说明。
在本实施例中，各该啮合区段11分别在该本体1的环周面分布有一钻凿螺纹111，各该啮合区段11上的钻凿螺纹111具有相同旋向，且螺旋
角较佳为相同。该钻凿螺纹111的螺距间形成一谷部112，该本体1的各啮合区段11在该谷部112处具有一最小外径D1；该防脱区段12在该本
体1的环周面设有一卡掣部121，该本体1在该防脱区段12处具有一最大外径D2。其中，为不影响各该啮合区段11锁入骨骼的顺畅度，该最
大外径D2应小于该防脱区段12至该连接端1a间的各啮合区段11的最小外径D1。
在本实施例中，该卡掣部121可以是分布在该本体1的环周面的至少一防脱螺纹121a，故可选择使该本体1在该防脱区段12处呈缩径态样，
使该防脱区段12的最大外径D2可小于该防脱区段12至该连接端1a间的啮合区段11的最小外径D1；如此，该牙根植体由本体1的各啮合区段
11钻锁进入骨骼时，该防脱区段12就不会影响锁合的顺畅度。其中，该防脱螺纹121a的旋向与该钻凿螺纹111的旋向不同，以提供与该钻
凿螺纹111反向的扭力。
另请配合参照图2所示，当该防脱区段12中设有数个防脱螺纹121a时，各该防脱螺纹121a的螺距、螺旋角、牙深等参数可以相同或不同，
也可以在相邻的两个防脱螺纹121a间设有一间隔部122，该间隔部122可以为未设置螺纹而呈光滑或粗糙表面的空白段，或是设有环纹或任
意形态的凸出物，本发明均不加以限制。
该支台座2可以一体连接于该本体1的连接端1a，该支台座2中设有一键合凹孔21，以供一支台A（如图3所示）结合定位，并由该支台连接
一牙冠（未绘示）以构成一假牙。惟，该支台座可因应不同形态的支台而有对应的结构变化，为所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所能了解
，且非为本发明的特征所在，故以下文中将不再赘述，也不应以图式所揭露的形态为限。
请参照图3所示，一般进行植牙疗程时，会预先在牙龈及齿槽骨上开设一钻孔（未绘示），接着，以该牙根植体的钻头端1b作为植入端，
依该钻凿螺纹111的旋向旋转该本体1，使该牙根植体可借助各该啮合区段11的钻凿螺纹111，逐渐对应切削攻入牙龈及齿槽骨内；其中，
借助将该防脱区段12的最大外径D2设置成小于该防脱区段12至该连接端1a间的各啮合区段11的最小外径D1，使得该防脱区段12在钻锁该骨
骼植入物的过程中，不会影响各该啮合区段11的锁合顺畅度。
完成该牙根植体的植入步骤后，齿槽骨内部的骨组织将逐渐与该牙根植体产生骨整合现象，且在骨整合的过程中，骨组织会逐渐包覆该牙
根植体的环周面，而该防脱区段12更借助该防脱螺纹121a等结构增加该本体1与齿槽骨的接触表面积，以提升骨整合的效果。同时，在骨
整合的过程中，不仅长在呈缩径态样的防脱区段12的骨组织，可提供该牙根植体脱出的阻力，旋向与钻凿螺纹111相反的防脱螺纹121a，
更可进一步地提供与该牙根植体脱出方向相反的阻力；如此，可确保该牙根植体稳固地定位于预设位置，不会产生任何位移，不易发生该
牙根植体在骨组织中松动的状况，故能有效加速骨整合的效率。
请参照图4所示，除前述防脱螺纹121a之外，该卡掣部121也可以是分布在该本体1的环周面的至少一凸环121b，故同样可选择使该本体1在
该防脱区段12处呈缩径态样，使该防脱区段12的最大外径D2可小于该防脱区段12至该连接端1a间的啮合区段11的最小外径D1；如此，各该
防脱区段12可提供该牙根植体脱出方向相反的阻力，以确保该牙根植体稳固地定位于预设位置，不会产生任何位移。
另，该凸环121b的数量较佳为数个。当该防脱区段12中设有数个凸环121b时，各该凸环121b的间距或倾斜角等参数可以相同或不同；本实
施例的图式虽以数个等距分布且正交于该本体1轴向的同规格凸环121b表示，但并不以此为限。再者，相邻的两个凸环121b间也可以设有
一间隔部，该间隔部可以为未设置凸环121b而呈光滑或粗糙表面的空白段，或是设有任意形态的凸出物，本发明均不加以限制。
除此之外，该防脱区段12的卡掣部121也可以不设置螺纹、凸环或任意形态的凸出物，而是通过例如喷砂及酸蚀等方法以形成一粗糙表面
，并借该粗糙表面增加该本体1与骨骼的接触表面积，以提升骨整合的效果。
请参照图5所示，该卡掣部121也可以是分布在该本体1的环周面的至少一螺旋凹槽121c或环槽，使该本体1在该防脱区段12处可不必呈缩径
态样，也能够使该防脱区段12的最大外径D2可小于该防脱区段12至该连接端1a间的啮合区段11的最小外径D1。如此，该牙根植体同样可借
该至少一螺旋凹槽121c或环槽，增加该本体1与骨骼的接触表面积，以提升骨整合的效果，并由该至少一螺旋凹槽121c或环槽更进一步地
提供该牙根植体脱出方向相反的阻力，以确保该牙根植体稳固地定位于预设位置，不会产生任何位移。
请参照图6所示，本发明第二实施例的骨骼植入物为一骨钉，该骨钉包含一本体3及一限位头4，该限位头4设于该本体3的一端。其中，当
该骨钉是用以提供暂时性锚定功能时，例如用以固定一骨板，该骨钉可选择由生物可吸收性材质制成，以于植入一段时间后由生物体吸收
而不必再手术取出；当该骨钉用以提供永久性锚定功能时，例如用以固定一人工关节，该骨钉则可选择由非生物可吸收性材质制成。
该本体3的两端分别为一连接端3a及一钻头端3b，该本体3在该连接端3a与钻头端3b之间设有数个啮合区段31，任两个相邻的啮合区段31之
间设有一防脱区段32，本实施例的图式是以该本体3设有三个啮合区段31及二个防脱区段32作为实施形态说明。
在本实施例中，各该啮合区段31分别在该本体3的环周面分布有一钻凿螺纹311，各该啮合区段31上的钻凿螺纹311具有相同旋向，且螺旋
角较佳为相同。该钻凿螺纹311的螺距间形成一谷部312，该本体3的各啮合区段31在该谷部312处具有一最小外径D3；该防脱区段32在该本
体3的环周面设有一卡掣部321，该本体3在该防脱区段32处具有一最大外径D4。其中，为不影响各该啮合区段31锁入骨骼的顺畅度，该最
大外径D2应小于该防脱区段32至该连接端3a间的各啮合区段31的最小外径D3。
本实施例的卡掣部321可同于第一实施例的卡掣部121，可选择为分布在该本体3的环周面的至少一防脱螺纹321a、凸环、粗糙表面、螺旋
凹槽或环槽，该防脱螺纹321a与螺旋凹槽的旋向与该钻凿螺纹311的旋向不同，其他相关的结构可参考第一实施例的说明，于此不再详述
。其中，当卡掣部321为防脱螺纹321a、凸环或粗糙表面时，可选择使该本体3在该防脱区段32处呈缩径态样，当卡掣部321为螺旋凹槽或
环槽时，该本体3在该防脱区段32处则可不必呈缩径态样；如此，皆可使该防脱区段32的最大外径D2小于该防脱区段32至该连接端3a间的
各啮合区段31的最小外径D3，故该骨钉由本体3的各啮合区段31钻锁进入骨骼时，该防脱区段32就不会影响锁合的顺畅度。
该限位头4可以一体连接于该本体3的连接端3a，该限位头4设有一工具抵接部41，以供一工具（未绘示）抵接定位，并由该工具带动该限
位头4依该钻凿螺纹311的旋向旋转，从而将该本体3锁入骨骼中。惟，该限位头4可因应不同形态的被锁固物（例如骨板）而有对应的结构
变化，为所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所能了解，且非为本发明的特征所在，故以下文中将不再赘述，也不应以图式所揭露的形态为限
。
请参照图7所示，以使用该骨钉将一骨板5固定于骨骼表面为例，该骨钉的本体3穿过该骨板5上对应的锁孔51，并以该本体3的钻头端3b为
植入端，由工具带动该本体3旋转，使该骨钉可借助各该啮合区段31的钻凿螺纹311，逐渐对应切削攻入骨骼内，最后由该骨钉的限位头4
抵接于该骨板5表面，该骨钉无法再继续钻入骨骼内，据以限制该骨钉与骨骼的结合深度。其中，借助将该防脱区段32的最大外径D4设置
成小于该防脱区段32至该连接端3a间的各啮合区段31的最小外径D3，使得该防脱区段32在钻锁的过程中，不会影响各该啮合区段31的锁合
顺畅度。
完成该骨钉的植入步骤后，骨骼内部的骨组织将逐渐与该骨钉产生骨整合现象，且在骨整合的过程中，骨组织会逐渐包覆该骨钉的环周面
，而各该防脱区段32更借助该卡掣部321的结构增加该本体3与骨骼的接触表面积，以提升骨整合的效果。同时，在骨整合的过程中，不仅
长在防脱区段32的骨组织，可中断各该钻凿螺纹311的同向扭力，甚至提供与该骨钉脱出方向相反的阻力；如此，可确保该骨钉稳固地定
位于预设位置，不会产生任何位移，不易发生该骨钉在骨组织中松动的状况，故能有效加速骨整合的效率。
综上所述，本发明的骨骼植入物，可借助在相邻的两个啮合区段间设置该防脱区段，提升骨整合的效果，并可提供与该骨骼植入物脱出方
向相反的阻力，以有效避免该骨骼植入物在骨骼中产生松动的状况，使该骨骼植入物可稳固结合于骨骼中而无法逆向滑动脱出，具有提升
所欲达成的医疗效果及效率的功效。
只是以上所述的，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明实施范围；故，凡依本发明申请专利范围及创作说明书内容所作
的简单的等效变化与修饰，皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种骨骼植入物，其特征在于，其包含：
    一个本体，该本体的两端分别为一个连接端及一个钻头端，该本体在该连接端与钻头端之间设有数个啮合区段，任两个相邻的啮合区段之
    间设有一个防脱区段，该数个啮合区段各在该本体的环周面分布有一个旋向相同的钻凿螺纹，该防脱区段在该本体的环周面设有一个卡掣
    部，该防脱区段的最大外径小于该防脱区段至该连接端间的各该啮合区段的最小外径；及
    一个支台座，设于该本体的连接端，该支台座中设有一个键合凹孔。
  2. 一种骨骼植入物，其特征在于，其包含：
    一个本体，该本体的两端分别为一个连接端及一个钻头端，该本体在该连接端与钻头端之间设有数个啮合区段，任两个相邻的啮合区段之
    间设有一个防脱区段，该数个啮合区段各在该本体的环周面分布有一个旋向相同的钻凿螺纹，该防脱区段在该本体的环周面设有一个卡掣
    部，该防脱区段的最大外径小于该防脱区段至该连接端间的各该啮合区段的最小外径；及
    一个限位头，设于该本体的连接端，该限位头设有一个工具抵接部。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，该卡掣部为分布在该本体的环周面的至少一个防脱螺纹，该防脱螺纹的旋向与该钻
    凿螺纹的旋向不同。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，该防脱螺纹的数量为数个。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，相邻的两个防脱螺纹间设有一个间隔部，该间隔部为未设置螺纹的空白段或设有凸出物。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，该卡掣部为分布在该本体的环周面的至少一个凸环。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，该凸环的数量为数个。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，相邻的两个凸环间设有一个间隔部，该间隔部为未设置凸环的空白段或设有凸出物。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，该卡掣部为一个粗糙表面。
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，该卡掣部为分布在该本体的环周面的至少一个螺旋凹槽或环槽。
  11. 如权利要求1或2所述的骨骼植入物，其特征在于，各该钻凿螺纹的螺旋角相同。
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