WO2014113986A1

WO2014113986A1 - Heat transfer method and system and manufacturing method for vacuum-type solar water-heating system

Info

Publication number: WO2014113986A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/071016
Authority: WO
Inventors: 江希年; 马杰; 杨彪; 马旭明; 殷红娟
Original assignee: 大厂菲斯曼太阳能集热器有限公司
Priority date: 2013-01-28
Filing date: 2013-01-28
Publication date: 2014-07-31

Abstract

Disclosed is a vacuum-type solar water-heating system. A heat transfer method for the system comprises a process of collecting solar energy and converting same into heat energy by a heat collecting unit (10), and a heat energy transfer process of transferring the heat energy converted by the heat collecting unit (10) to a water tank (40) through a heat energy transfer system so as to heat low-temperature water in the water tank,wherein the heat energy transfer process efficiently transfers the heat energy collected and converted by the heat collecting unit (10) to the water tank (40) by a continuous liquid-vapor-liquid phase change of a heat exchange working medium (30) of a heat collector (20) in a vacuum-state and completely-sealed circulating system.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar water heating system, and more particularly to a split type solar water heating system. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of green energy, and the direct and effective use of solar water heating systems as solar energy is widely used throughout the world. With the development of solar water heating technology, as a solution for urban building solar energy systems, the market space of balcony-type solar water heaters is gradually rising, attracting more and more attention from solar manufacturers, and launching a series of balcony types. Solar hot water products. As a pioneering product of solar energy and building integration, the balcony wall-mounted solar water heater has been successfully integrated with the building integration, and has been unanimously recognized by consumers, thus realizing the application of solar water heating technology in high-rise buildings.

Due to the constraints of high-rise building structures and lighting conditions in high-rise buildings, most of the solar water heating systems used in high-rise buildings usually adopt a split design of the heat collecting unit that collects solar energy and the living water tank. The heat collecting unit is placed on the lighting surface of the balcony or the building, and the water tank is placed indoors, and the heat energy is guided from the heat collecting unit to the water tank by natural circulation or forced circulation.

The above-mentioned thermal energy transmission method also has a common defect that water as a heat transfer medium needs to be transported through a long pipeline during transport, and a large amount of heat is lost, and the domestic water is passed through the heat transfer system. The heat exchange is performed as the temperature difference of the water of the heat exchange medium, and the heat transfer efficiency of this heat transfer method is low.

The above thermal energy transmission method has another defect, that is, a large amount of water is needed in the system for circulation as a heat exchange medium to ensure sufficient heat for domestic water, and the space and water consumption of such a heat transfer system are compared. Large, not conducive to the design and use of high-rise residential buildings.

Moreover, if the thermal energy transmission adopts the natural circulation method, the thermosiphon principle is adopted, and the thermosiphon pressure head formed by the temperature difference and the pressure difference between the heat collector of the solar heat collector and the domestic hot water tank is used as the heat energy transmission. The water in the working fluid flows and then circulates without any external power. However, due to the small pressure difference in the above heat transfer system, in order to ensure normal operation and prevent hot water from recirculating during nighttime no radiation, the bottom of the water tank must be higher than the solar collector, in combination with the building design, especially in the wall hanging The use of solar water heaters for balcony types is limited.

The forced circulation method can realize that the living water tank is lower than the solar collector installation, but the method requires a certain amount of electric power to realize the circulation of the water as the heat transfer medium, the system cannot be operated if the power is cut off, and the circulation pump and the expansion tank The water tanks are independent of each other and are connected by pipes, and the heat loss is large. Therefore, this method is mainly applied at present. A centralized hot water system for the construction of special high-rise buildings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer method capable of efficiently transferring heat between a solar heat collecting unit and a split type water tank to reduce heat loss, so that a hot water system using a solar collector can be efficiently applied to a high-rise building or In the split-type hot water system on the balcony, the perfect integration of solar water heating system construction is realized.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer method that can naturally circulate between a solar heat collecting unit and a split water tank without the need for auxiliary external energy, so that the hot water system with the solar heat collector can be more widely used. It is applied to high-rise buildings to realize that domestic hot water tanks and solar collectors can be separated from long distances without external auxiliary energy, adapting to the requirements of modern houses.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer method capable of transferring heat between a condensing end of a solar heat collecting unit and a split type water tank with only a small amount of heat exchange medium, so that only a heat transfer system is required. Injecting a small amount of heat transfer medium can promote the operation of the entire heat transfer system, and at the same time, it is economical and ensures the promotion and application in the current building.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a split type solar hot water which can be efficiently transferred, without the auxiliary electric energy, can be naturally circulated, has an efficient heat collecting effect and an efficient heat transfer effect, and can be driven by a small amount of heat exchange medium. system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and conveniently manufacturing a split solar water heating system.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a thermal energy transfer method for a vacuum solar water heating system, including a process of collecting solar energy by a heat collecting unit and converting solar energy into heat energy, and transferring heat energy converted by the heat collecting unit through heat energy. The system transmits a heat energy transfer process that is transported to the water tank to heat the low temperature water in the water tank; wherein the heat energy transfer process:

The heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit and the heat exchange medium in the heat collector of the heat transfer system perform boiling heat exchange, and the heat exchange medium in the liquid collector in the heat collector evaporates into high temperature hot steam during the heat exchange process;

The high-temperature hot steam enters the secondary heat exchanger through a sealed steam passage that is connected to the steam outlet of the collector, and the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the low-temperature water in the water tank to heat the low-temperature water in the water tank to complete a heat energy. The transfer process; the high-temperature steam entering the secondary heat exchanger is condensed in the heat exchange process and then becomes a liquid heat transfer medium again and returns to the heat collector through the sealed working fluid return channel, and enters the next heat transfer process. Cycle; during the above heat transfer process, The evaporation-condensation cycle of the heat exchange medium is carried out in a completely sealed and vacuum state circulation system; in the whole process of heat exchange between the heat collecting unit and the heat collector, the above-mentioned heat energy transfer process is continuously cycled and will be collected by the heat collecting unit and The converted heat is transferred to the tank.

A thermal energy transfer method of a vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat exchange working medium is composed of water. The heat transfer method of the vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the internal pressure is between 0.1 dB and one atmosphere.

lPa 0。 The pressure of the system is 0. lPa ₀

The thermal energy transfer method of a vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat transfer medium is a liquid working medium having a boiling point lower than Kxrc.

The thermal energy transfer method of a vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the liquid working medium having a boiling point lower than ioo °c is methanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrafluoroethane or hydrofluorocarbon compound.

The heat energy transfer method of the vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat exchange working medium is a mixture of two or more kinds of working materials, and the mixed working medium contains at least one boiling point. Liquid working medium lower than ioo °c.

A thermal energy transfer method of a vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the mixed working medium is composed of acetone and water.

The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar water heating system as described above, wherein the liquid level of the heat exchange medium in the heat collector is lower than the steam outlet of the heat collector, and the heat exchange medium is the highest in the heat collector. A space above the horizontal liquid surface is formed to accommodate high temperature hot steam.

The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar water heating system as described above, wherein the horizontal liquid level of the heat transfer medium in the heat collector is higher than the highest heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit, and the heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit Completely contained by heat exchangers.

The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar water heating system as described above, wherein the inner diameter of the sealed steam passage which is electrically connected to the steam outlet of the heat collector is smaller than the inner diameter of the collector, and the high temperature in the heat collector The hot steam is pressurized into the steam passage and pressurized to form high pressure and high temperature hot steam.

The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger is higher than the highest level liquid level of the liquid heat exchange medium in the collector.

The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat collecting unit is composed of a glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting tube or an all glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar heat collecting tube, and the heat exchange end The condensation end of the glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting tube or the all glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar heat collecting tube. The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar water heating system as described above, wherein the steam passage and the working fluid return passage which are connected between the heat collector and the secondary heat exchanger are insulated.

Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a vacuum type solar water heating system using the thermal energy transmission method as described above, comprising:

Collecting unit, collecting solar energy and converting it into heat energy;

Water tank with hydration inlet and hot water outlet;

The heat energy transmission system transmits the heat energy of the heat collecting unit to the water tank to heat the low temperature water in the water tank, wherein: a heat collector that exchanges heat with the heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit, and the heat collector is provided with a heat exchanger The heat transfer medium which is in a liquid state during the heat exchange process evaporates into a high temperature hot steam during the heat exchange process;

The steam outlet end of the collector is connected to the sealed steam passage, and the other end of the steam passage is connected to the secondary heat exchanger; the secondary heat exchanger is inserted through the water tank; the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger is connected to the sealed After condensation, the working fluid return channel, the other end of the working fluid return channel is connected to the collector to form a sealed cycle thermal energy transmission system; the sealed circulation system is in a vacuum state;

The heat exchange working medium is evaporated into high temperature hot steam in the collector of the sealed circulation system, and enters the secondary heat exchanger and the low temperature water in the water tank for heating; the high temperature steam entering the secondary heat exchanger is in the heat exchange The heat exchange medium which is condensed and then liquid again in the process returns to the heat collector through the sealed working fluid return passage to recirculate the heat transfer process.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the sealed circulation system is provided with a vacuuming device, and the vacuuming device is disposed on the steam passage or the working fluid return passage.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the sealed circulation system is provided with a liquid injection device, and the liquid injection device is disposed on the steam passage or the working fluid return passage.

A vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the vacuuming means and the liquid filling means are constituted by a vacuum pumping liquid pipe.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat exchange working medium is water.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat exchange working medium is a liquid working medium having a boiling point lower than 100 °C.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat exchange working medium is a mixture of two or more kinds of working materials, and the mixed working medium contains at least one boiling point lower than 100 °C liquid working fluid.

a vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the liquid level of the heat exchange medium in the heat collector is lower than the set The steam outlet of the heat exchanger forms a space for accommodating high temperature hot steam above the highest level liquid level of the heat exchange medium in the heat collector.

The vacuum solar water heating system as described above, wherein the horizontal liquid level of the heat transfer medium in the heat collector is higher than the highest heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit, and the heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit is completely exchanged Work quality is inclusive.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the inner diameter of the steam passage which is sealed and communicated with the steam outlet of the heat collector is smaller than the inner diameter of the collector, and the high temperature hot steam generated by the collector is squeezed into the steam passage. It is then pressurized to form high pressure, high temperature hot steam.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger penetrating through the water tank is higher than the highest level liquid level of the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat collector.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the gradient of the working return passage which is conducted at the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger is greater than 1%.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the heat collecting unit is composed of a glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting tube or an all glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar heat collecting tube, and the heat exchange end is the glass- The condensation end of a metal-sealed heat pipe vacuum solar collector or an all-glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar collector.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the steam passage and the working medium return passage which are connected between the heat collector and the secondary heat exchanger are provided with an insulation layer.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the secondary heat exchanger has a tubular shape, and the ring is disposed on the outer layer of the water tank or penetrates through the water tank.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the secondary heat exchanger and the water tank have an inner and outer loop structure.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the secondary heat exchanger is an annular sleeve, and the ring is disposed on the outer layer of the water tank or inserted in the water tank.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the steam passage and the working medium return passage between the heat collector and the secondary heat exchanger are composed of a metal pipe.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the solar heat collecting tubes are arranged in a horizontal row, and the heat exchange end of the solar energy collecting tube is connected to the vertically disposed collector.

The vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein the solar heat collecting tubes are vertically arranged, and the heat exchange end of the solar energy collecting tube is connected to the horizontally disposed collector.

Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a vacuum type solar water heating system as described above, wherein Includes:

Step one, assembling the thermal energy transmission system, connecting a heat collector, a steam passage, a secondary heat exchanger and a working fluid return passage, detecting a sealing property of the thermal energy transmission system, and debugging the thermal energy transmission system to a sealing degree;

Step two, pre-vacuating the thermal energy transmission system by a vacuuming device;

Step 3: injecting a heat exchange medium into the heat energy transmission system through a liquid injection device;

Step four, sealing the thermal energy transmission system.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following features and advantages:

1. The invention can efficiently transfer heat energy between the condensation end of the solar heat collecting unit and the split water tank and minimize the heat energy loss in the heat energy transfer process, so that the hot water system with the solar heat collector can be more widely applied. In high-rise buildings, realizing hot water tanks and solar collectors does not require external auxiliary energy to achieve long-distance heat transfer, adapting to the requirements of modern high-rise buildings.

2. The present invention overcomes the defects in the prior art that solar energy needs to adopt a pump or the like to realize the transmission of thermal energy, and the high-efficiency heat energy transmission of the natural circulation of the hot water system can be realized without auxiliary equipment, so that the heat of the solar collector is utilized. The water system can be more easily used in high-rise buildings.

3. The small amount of liquid working medium required by the invention drives the operation of the entire heat transfer system, and at the same time, it is economical while ensuring efficient heat transfer. Moreover, the invention realizes the control of the working fluid filling amount of the hot water system by the liquid level control of the liquid working medium in the collector, and the operation and the maintenance are simple and convenient, and are suitable for promotion and application. DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. In addition, the shapes, proportions, and the like of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative and are used to help the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, in light of the teachings of the present invention, may choose various possible shapes and ratios to implement the present invention.

1 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

1-1 is a partial enlarged view of a steam outlet of a heat collector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

2 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2-1 is a partial enlarged view of a secondary heat exchanger of a vertical sleeve structure in the present invention;

2-2 is a partial enlarged view of a secondary heat exchanger of a horizontal sleeve structure in the present invention;

3 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to a third embodiment of the present invention; 4 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

7 is a vacuum solar thermal system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

8 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

9 is a vacuum type solar water heating system according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention;

9-1 is a partial enlarged view of a secondary heat exchanger of a coil structure in the present invention;

Figure 10 is a vacuum solar water heating system according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference signs:

10-collector unit; 11-heat exchange end; 12-solar collector tube; 20-collector; 21-space; 22-steam outlet;

30-heat exchange working fluid; 31-liquid surface; 32-hot steam; 40-water tank; 41-hydration port; 42-hot water outlet; 50-secondary heat exchanger, 51-outlet end; 52-steam inlet; 60-vapor channel; 70-working fluid return channel; 80-vacuum device; 90-insulation layer; h-height difference. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood from the following description of the embodiments of the invention. However, the specific embodiments of the invention described herein are intended to be illustrative only and not to be construed as limiting the invention. Those skilled in the art can devise any possible variations based on the present invention, which are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

The thermal energy transfer method of the vacuum solar water heating system of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The thermal energy transfer method of the present invention specifically includes two processes:

In the first step, solar energy is collected by the heat collecting unit 10, and the solar energy is converted into a heat energy process; this process is a heat collecting process, and the solar energy is collected mainly by the solar heat collecting unit 10, and is converted into heat energy. This thermal energy is conducted to the thermal energy transfer system through the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10.

Process 2, the heat energy transfer process of transferring the heat energy converted by the heat collecting unit 10 to the water tank 40 through the heat energy transfer system to heat the low temperature water in the water tank 40; the process is from the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10. The heat energy is collected, and the heat energy is transferred to the water tank 40, and heat exchange is performed with the low temperature water in the water tank 40 to heat the low temperature water in the water tank 40. This process is carried out in a completely sealed circulation system and the sealed circulation system is presented Vacuum state; The specific process of thermal energy transmission according to the present invention is:

The heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 performs boiling heat exchange with the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20 of the heat transfer system, and the heat exchange medium 30 which is liquid in the heat collector 20 evaporates during heat exchange. After the high temperature hot steam 32;

The high temperature hot steam 32 enters the secondary heat exchanger 50 through the sealed steam passage 60 that is electrically connected to the steam outlet 22 of the heat collector 20, and is exchanged with the low temperature water in the water tank 40 by the secondary heat exchanger 50, and the water tank 40 is The low temperature water is heated to complete a heat energy transfer process; the high temperature hot steam 32 entering the secondary heat exchanger 50 is condensed in the heat exchange process and then again in a liquid state. The heat transfer medium 30 passes through the sealed working fluid return passage 70. Returning to the cycle of the next heat transfer process in the heat collector 20; in the whole process of heat energy transfer in the embodiment, the evaporation-condensation cycle process of the heat exchange medium 30 is performed in a completely sealed circulation system, the sealed circulation system In a vacuum state;

In the whole process of heat exchange between the heat collecting unit 10 and the heat collector 20 (that is, in the time of sunshine), the above thermal energy transfer process is continuously cycled, and the heat energy collected and converted by the heat collecting unit 10 is transferred to Water tank 40.

The heat transfer process of the present invention and its working principle is that the heat energy transfer room transmission system of the present invention adopts a completely sealed and vacuumed circulation system, and passes through the circulation process of the heat exchange medium 30 in the circulation system in a vacuum state. The liquid-gas-liquid three-state conversion transfers the heat energy collected from the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 to the water tank 40 in the state of high-temperature hot steam 32, and releases heat in the water tank 40 to heat the low-temperature water. In exchange, the low temperature water in the water tank 40 is heated to realize the transfer of heat energy. During the heat exchange process, the high temperature hot steam 32 is again condensed into a liquid state, and gravity is returned to the collector 20 for the next heat transfer cycle. A large number of tests have proved that the present invention has a very high efficiency of heat transfer with low heat loss compared to the existing solar system using hot water for heat transfer.

Particularly in the present invention, since the sealed circulation system is in a vacuum state, the boiling point of the heat exchange medium 30 is lowered, and the heat transfer medium 30 in the heat collector 20 is evaporated at a relatively low temperature. It is a high temperature hot steam 32, so the heat exchange medium 30 can be water. The heat energy is transferred to the water tank 40 by the excellent fluidity of the high temperature hot steam 32. Therefore, the present invention can completely realize the natural circulation process of the ordinary split type solar water heating system, and no longer utilizes any auxiliary power such as a water pump to realize the forced circulation process of heat energy transmission. And because the sealed circulation system is in a vacuum state, the non-condensable gas is eliminated, so that the working efficiency in the system is further improved, the energy consumption of the system is further reduced, and the service life of each device in the system is further extended.

1 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 Can be used in most parts of China. In the specific implementation process, the range of pressure or vacuum in the sealed circulation system can be selected according to the temperature characteristics of the use area, and it has been ensured that the heat exchange medium 30 can be quickly converted into liquid and vapor and collected in heat. High temperature steam 32 is formed within the device 20.

Referring to FIG. 1-1, a partial enlarged view of a steam outlet of a heat collector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 1-1, in the present invention, a heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20 The liquid level 31 is lower than the steam outlet 22 of the heat collector 20, and a space 21 for accommodating the high-temperature heat steam 32 is formed above the highest level liquid level 31 of the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20. In this way, it is ensured that the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20 can have sufficient space boiling, which is favorable for the heat exchange medium 30 to be converted from a liquid state to a high temperature hot steam 32, and is also more favorable to the high temperature hot steam 32. The agglomeration produces a certain steam pressure, and the high temperature hot steam 32 is more likely to enter the cycle and promote the operation of the entire circulation system.

In the present invention, the inner diameter of the steam passage 60 which is electrically connected to the steam outlet 22 of the heat collector 20 is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat collector 20, so that the high temperature hot steam 32 of the heat exchange medium 30 is in the heat collector 20. After being gathered above, it is squeezed into the smaller steam passage 60. At this time, the high-temperature hot steam 32 is increased in pressure with a sharp decrease in volume to further form high-pressure high-temperature hot steam, which is in the secondary heat exchanger 50. The heat transfer efficiency of internal condensation is much higher than that of ordinary high-temperature hot steam, and because of the higher pressure, it promotes the whole system better.

In the present invention, the horizontal liquid level 31 of the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20 is higher than the highest heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10, so that all the heat exchange ends 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 are replaced by liquid. The heat medium 30 is contained, and all the heat collecting units 10 can heat the liquid heat exchange medium 30 to ensure heat exchange efficiency between the heat collecting unit 10 and the heat collector 20.

In the present invention, by controlling the height of the liquid level 31 of the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20, it is possible to control the amount of the heat transfer medium 30 in the entire sealed cycle heat transfer system. It makes the operation and maintenance of the whole system simpler and more standard, and is more conducive to the promotion and application of the present invention.

In summary, by controlling the level of the liquid level 31 of the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20, the high temperature hot steam 32 generated by the heat exchange medium 30 is easily accumulated in the upper portion of the heat collector 20. In the small space 21, the high-temperature hot steam 32 accumulated in a small space 21 is not only more fluid, but also accelerates the cycle, compared to the vapor in which the flat-type solar energy is dispersed in a series or parallel pipe. Conducive to the accumulation of steam and the maintenance of thermal energy, the present invention can minimize the loss of thermal energy and has the advantage of small loss of thermal energy.

In the present invention, the outlet end 51 of the secondary heat exchanger 50 is higher than the highest level liquid level 31 of the liquid heat transfer medium 30 in the collector 20. Due to the siphon effect, the outlet end 51 is also higher than the liquid level 31 of the liquid heat exchange medium 30 in the working medium return passage 70, so that the condensed heat transfer medium 30 is more easily driven by gravity. Reflux to the working fluid return channel 70 Inside, thereby forming a natural circulation without any other equipment.

In addition, the present invention further enhances the high-temperature heat steam 32, which is transmitted by the heat energy, by the method that the inner diameter of the steam passage 60 is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat collector 20, and is more advantageous for efficient heat transfer.

See Figure 1 for a solar water heating system to implement the method of the present invention.

A vacuum solar water heating system for thermal energy transfer methods, comprising:

The heat collecting unit 10 is composed of a solar heat collecting tube 12 for collecting solar energy and converting it into heat energy, and converting the heat energy through the heat exchange end 11 of the solar heat collecting tube 12; specifically, in the present embodiment, the heat collecting unit 10 The solar heat collecting tube 12 can adopt a glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting tube or an all glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar heat collecting tube and other solar heat collecting tubes adopting the heat pipe principle. The heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is the condensation end of the solar energy collecting tube 12. Usually, the solar heat collecting tubes 12 are arranged in a plurality of rules to form a heat collecting unit 10.

The water tank 40 is provided with a water supply port 41 to maintain a safe water level in the water tank 40. The water tank 40 is an important device for generating heat of heat in the system, and at the same time, the hot water is temporarily stored therein, and is connected to the user's use end through the hot water outlet 42 to provide domestic water.

a heat energy transfer system for transferring the heat energy of the heat collecting unit 10 to the water tank 40 to heat the low temperature water in the water tank 40;

The heat collector 20 exchanges heat with the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10, and the heat collector 20 is provided with a low-boiling heat exchange medium 30, and the heat exchange medium 30 which is in a liquid state during the heat exchange process is being exchanged. The high-temperature hot steam 32 is evaporated in the heat process. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the connection between the heat collector 20 and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is a plug-in method in which the current solar water heating system is conventionally used. The heat collecting unit 10 performs boiling heat exchange with the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20 through the heat exchange end 11 by means of the heat exchange end 11, so that the low boiling point heat exchange medium 30 is quickly evaporated to a high temperature hot steam 32. And concentrated above the collector 20.

The steam outlet 22 end of the collector 20 is electrically connected to the sealed steam passage 60, and the other end of the steam passage 60 is electrically connected to the secondary heat exchanger 50; the secondary heat exchanger 50 is inserted through the water tank 40; the secondary heat exchanger 50 The outlet end 51 is electrically connected to the sealed condensed working fluid return passage 70, and the other end of the working fluid return passage 70 is connected to the heat collector 20, thereby returning the condensed liquid heat exchange medium 30 to the heat collector 20. Inside.

In summary, the heat exchange medium 30 is evaporated into the high temperature heat steam 32 in the heat collector 20 of the sealed cycle heat energy transmission system in a vacuum state, and enters the low temperature water in the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40. Heating is performed to complete the heat energy transfer process; the high temperature hot steam 32 entering the secondary heat exchanger 50 is condensed in the heat exchange process and is again in a liquid state. The heat exchange medium 30 is returned to the collector 20 through the sealed working fluid return passage 70 for recycling of the heat energy transfer process. The working principle and effect of the vacuum solar water heating system of the present invention are as described above, and will not be described herein.

In order to achieve a better thermal energy transfer effect of the vacuum solar water heating system of the present invention, the following specific embodiments are given in this embodiment.

Specifically, in the embodiment, the heat exchange medium 30 is water, and provides a good system sealing property, and is connected to the heat collector.

The steam passage 60 between the 20 and the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the working fluid return passage 70 are composed of metal pipes and are sealed and joined by welding or other joints, and sealed and insulated. The vacuuming device 80 is fixedly connected to the steam passage 60 or the working fluid return passage 70, and the sealed heat transfer system is pre-vacuated by the vacuuming device 80. In the specific implementation process, the system can be assembled first, and the sealing performance of the whole system is determined. After the sealing performance of the whole system reaches the requirement, the vacuuming device 80 is disposed on the steam passage 60 or the working fluid return passage 70. The system performs a vacuuming process to maintain the atmospheric pressure in the system between 0. lPa and one atmosphere and finally seal the vacuuming device 80.

Since the gas pressure in the above system is 0. lPa, the boiling point of the water at this pressure is close to zero, less than 100 ° C, and the liquid-gas conversion can be quickly performed to form high-temperature hot steam 32, thereby driving the entire system to operate. The boiling point of water is high and it is not easy to boil and can stay in the heat collector 20 to ensure that the height of the liquid surface 31 is always lower than the steam outlet 22 and higher than the highest heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10, ensuring optimum heat. Transmission effect. At the same time, due to the vacuum treatment of the system, the non-condensable gas is eliminated, the working efficiency in the system is further improved, the energy consumption of the system is further reduced, and the service life of each device in the system is further extended.

For example, in one implementation, water is used as the heat transfer medium, and the degree of vacuum is 0. lPa, and the test time is from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm. Among them, the medium began to boil within five minutes from the start of the irradiation. The total irradiation amount for the test was 15, 352 MJ/m%, the upper water temperature was 17 degrees Celsius, and the maximum temperature of the hot water in the water tank was 66 degrees Celsius. The average temperature was At 55 degrees Celsius, the collector efficiency is 62%.

In the present embodiment, the secondary heat exchanger 50 employs a disk-shaped tubular heat exchanger to achieve an increased heat exchange area by lengthening the structure of the secondary heat exchanger 50, thereby achieving a sufficient heat transfer effect. During the heat exchange process, the high temperature hot steam 32 entering the secondary heat exchanger 50 is condensed and again in a liquid state.

In the present invention, the outlet end 51 of the secondary heat exchanger 50 is higher than the highest level liquid level 31 of the liquid heat transfer medium 30 in the collector 20. Due to the siphon effect, the outlet end 51 is also higher than the liquid level 31 of the liquid heat exchange medium 30 in the working medium return passage 70, so that the condensed heat transfer medium 30 is more easily driven by gravity. It flows back into the working fluid return passage 70 to form a natural circulation without any other equipment. In addition, in the present invention, the horizontal liquid level 31 of the heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20 is higher than the highest heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10, so that all the heat exchange ends 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 are liquid. The heat exchange medium 30 is contained, and then all the heat collecting units 10 can heat the liquid heat exchange medium 30 to ensure the heat exchange efficiency between the heat collecting unit 10 and the heat collector 20. Thus, in the present invention, the height of the horizontal liquid level 31 of the heat exchange medium 30 can be controlled within a range of the height difference h between the highest heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 and the steam outlet 22 of the heat collector 20. .

Meanwhile, in the present invention, in the static state of the hot water system (that is, the case where the heat collecting unit 10 does not operate in the absence of sunlight), the liquid heat exchange medium 30 is basically concentrated in the heat collector 20, so that only A small amount of heat transfer medium 30 can drive the entire system, is more economical, and is easier to measure and control the heat transfer medium 30, suitable for promotion and application in the current building.

In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the steam passage 60 and the working fluid return passage 70 which are connected between the heat collector 20 and the secondary heat exchanger 50 may be insulated according to the temperature of the use area, and the heat insulating layer 90 is disposed. . In this way, the heat loss of thermal energy during transmission will be smaller.

In this embodiment, the solar heat collecting tube adopts a horizontal arrangement suitable for the balcony, the heat collector 20 is disposed perpendicular to the solar heat collecting tube 12, and the condensation end of the solar heat collecting tube 12 is inserted into the heat collector by a relatively common plug-in connection method. 20 inside. The secondary heat exchanger 50 employs a coiled structure that extends through the water tank 40 and is completely immersed in the water tank 40. The length of the pipe is increased by the coil so that the high temperature hot steam 32 in the coil of the secondary heat exchanger 50 is sufficiently exchanged with the low temperature water in the water tank 40.

A method of manufacturing the vacuum solar water heating system of the present invention, comprising:

Step 1, assembling the thermal energy transmission system, connecting the heat collector 20, the steam passage 60, the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the working fluid return passage 70, and step 2, detecting the sealing performance of the thermal energy transmission system, and debugging the thermal energy The transmission system is qualified to the sealing; Step 3, by the vacuuming device 80, in this embodiment, a vacuum pump with a vacuum measuring range of 0 to 10-3 mbar is used, and the system is vacuum-treated by the vacuuming device 80, wherein A vacuum shutter 80 is mounted on the vacuum device 80, which is opened when the vacuum is applied, and is turned off after the vacuum treatment is completed. Among them, when the vacuum treatment is completed, wait for a period of time and confirm the vacuum gauge reading and then turn off the cut-off door to confirm that the system is well sealed. Pre-vacuuming the thermal energy transmission system; step four, injecting the heat exchange medium 30 into the thermal energy transmission system through the liquid injection device; and step 5, sealing the thermal energy transmission system.

In the present embodiment, the vacuuming device 80 and the liquid injection device may also be constituted by a vacuum injection pipe, which is first vacuumed by the vacuum injection pipe, injected into the heat exchange medium 30, and finally sealed. . Embodiment 2 The vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. The thermal energy transmission working principle and the effect of the embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment.

In this embodiment, the gradient of the working fluid return passage 70 that is conducted to the secondary heat exchanger 50 is greater than 1%, that is, the heat exchange of the liquid at the outlet end 51 of the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the working fluid return passage 70. The ratio of the height difference between the highest liquid level 31 of the mass 30 and the horizontal distance of the outlet liquid 51 to the highest liquid level 31 of the liquid heat exchange medium 30 in the working medium return passage 70 is greater than 1:100, thus, the exchange after condensation The hot working fluid 30 is also more easily returned by the outlet end 51 to the liquid level 31 in the working fluid return passage 70 under the action of gravity.

In the present embodiment, the steam passage 60 and the working fluid return passage 70 between the collector 20 and the secondary heat exchanger 50 are composed of a metal tube and are welded or highly sealed with a thread and a collector 20 and two. The secondary heat exchangers 50 are connected, and during the long-term operation of the hot steam 32 of the heat exchange medium 30, the leakage amount is small. Therefore, this embodiment can make the case of heat transfer for a longer distance.

In the present embodiment, the secondary heat exchanger 50 may adopt a coil type structure as shown in Fig. 1, or may have an inner and outer loop structure with the water tank 40 as shown in Fig. 2. One embodiment that may be selected is that the secondary heat exchanger 50 may be annular and may extend through the water tank 40. Another alternative that may be selected is that the secondary heat exchanger 50 is disposed on the outer layer of the water tank 40. At the same time, the connection between the steam passage 60 and the working fluid return passage 70 and the secondary heat exchanger 50 can also be connected from the bottom of the secondary heat exchanger 50 as shown in Fig. 2-1 or Fig. 2-2. In the present embodiment, the annular sleeve is sealingly coupled with the steam inlet 52 and the working fluid return passage 70 to ensure a sealed vacuum state of the working fluid circulation system.

Specifically, in the embodiment, a liquid injection device may be disposed on the steam passage 60 or the working fluid return passage 70. After detecting the sealing property of the entire system, the vacuuming operation is performed first, and then the vacuuming device 80 is closed, and then the injection is performed. The liquid device injects the heat exchange medium 30, and finally seals the liquid injection device; or the vacuum device 80 and the liquid injection device are formed by a vacuum injection pipe, and the vacuum pumping pipe is firstly evacuated, and then The heat transfer medium 30 is injected and finally sealed.

In the present invention, the heat transfer medium 30 used in the heat energy transfer process may also be a liquid working medium having a boiling point of less than 100 °C. A wide range of liquid working fluids having a boiling point of less than 100 ° C, such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrafluoroethane or hydrofluorocarbon compounds, can be used in the present invention.

The heat exchange working medium 30 of the present invention may be composed of two or more kinds of working materials mixed to form a mixed working medium, and the mixed working medium contains at least one low boiling point working medium. Specifically, the mixed working medium used in the present embodiment is a mixture of water of a non-low boiling point working fluid and acetone of a low boiling point working medium, wherein the mixed working medium has an acetone content of 10% to 90% by volume. Since the heat transfer medium 30 uses a liquid working medium having a boiling point lower than that of water, the sealing system in a vacuum state It is more boiling, especially suitable for use in low temperature northern areas.

Because the invention adopts the solar collector tube with high heat collecting efficiency and wide application characteristics, for example, it is suitable for the southern region where the lowest temperature is in the north region of about minus 20 ° C until the temperature is higher than 30 ° C, especially the invention is lower than At 10°C, the northern region can provide sufficient hot water without any auxiliary energy, which is not possible with the current solar hot water system. Therefore, in the present invention, in order to achieve efficient and low-loss transmission of heat energy collected from the heat collecting unit 10 to the water tank 40 disposed separately, the degree of vacuum (and pressure) in the sealing system and different heat exchange working substances can be changed. The range of use of the combined solar water heating system is matched.

For the description of other structural features of this embodiment, please refer to the first embodiment.

Embodiment 3

The vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. The thermal energy transmission operation principle and the effect of the present embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 are horizontal coil structures. Thus, due to the existence of the coil structure, the contact area of the secondary heat exchanger 50 with the water tank 40, i.e., the heat exchange area, increases, and the heat transfer efficiency in the water tank 40 also increases accordingly.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the heat collecting unit 10 may be disposed in a horizontal row, and the heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit 10

11 is connected to the collector 20 which is arranged vertically.

Embodiment 4

The vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment is shown in Fig. 4. The thermal energy transmission operation principle and the effect of the present embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment.

As shown in Fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 have a horizontal loop structure. The heat collecting units 10 may be arranged in a horizontal row, and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is connected to the vertically disposed collector 20.

Embodiment 5

The vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. The thermal energy transmission working principle and the effect of the present embodiment are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, in this embodiment, the heat collecting units 10 are vertically arranged, and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is connected to the collector 20 horizontally disposed above the heat collecting unit. The liquid level 31 of the liquid heat exchange medium 30 in the heat collector 20 is higher than the height of the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 to ensure that the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is completely replaced by a liquid state. The hot working fluid is 30 tolerant. Further, it is ensured that all of the heat exchange ends 11 can heat the liquid heat exchange medium 30 to ensure heat exchange efficiency in the heat collector 20. Embodiment 6

The vacuum solar water heating system of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 6. The thermal energy transmission working principle and the effect of the present embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, in the present embodiment, the heat collecting units 10 are vertically arranged, and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is connected to the horizontally disposed collector 20, and the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 are connected. It is a vertical loop structure.

Example 7

The vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment is shown in Fig. 7. The thermal energy transmission operation principle and the effect of the present embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the heat collecting units 10 are vertically arranged, and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is connected to the horizontally disposed heat collector 20. The secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 are horizontal coil structures.

Example eight

The vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 8. The thermal energy transmission working principle and the effect of the present embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the heat collecting units 10 are vertically arranged, and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is connected to the horizontally disposed collector 20. The secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 are in a horizontal loop structure.

Example nine

The vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 9. The thermal energy transmission operation principle and the effect of the present embodiment are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 9, in the present embodiment, the heat collecting units 10 may be arranged horizontally, and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is connected to the vertically disposed collector 20. The secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 are of a coil structure, and the secondary heat exchanger 50 is disposed around the outside of the water tank 40. The coil structure of the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 can also be as shown in Fig. 9-1.

Example ten

As shown in FIG. 10, the vacuum solar water heating system of the present embodiment has the same principle and effect as the first embodiment of the thermal energy transmission operation of the present embodiment. As shown in Fig. 10, in the present embodiment, the heat collecting units 10 may be arranged vertically, and the heat exchange end 11 of the heat collecting unit 10 is connected to the horizontally disposed collectors 20. The secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 are of a coil structure, and the secondary heat exchanger 50 is disposed around the outside of the water tank 40.

Since the arrangement of the heat collecting unit 10 and the connection manner with the heat collector 20 of the present invention have various options, the connection structure of the secondary heat exchanger 50 and the water tank 40 is also selected in various ways, and the present invention is practical. The application can be flexibly combined and deformed according to the different characteristics of the building and the different needs of the customer, which is more suitable for the present application. Promotion and application in buildings, especially now high-rise buildings.

The detailed description of the various embodiments described above is intended to be illustrative of the present invention in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention, but these descriptions are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, particularly, in different The various features described in the embodiments can also be arbitrarily combined with each other to form other embodiments, and the features are to be understood as being applicable to any one embodiment, and not limited to the described embodiments. the way.

Claims

claims

1. A thermal energy transmission method for a vacuum solar hot water system, including the process of collecting solar energy by a heat collection unit and converting the solar energy into thermal energy, and transmitting the heat energy converted by the heat collection unit to the water tank through the thermal energy transmission system. The low-temperature water in the water tank is heated by a thermal energy transfer process; wherein the thermal energy transfer process:

The heat exchange end of the heat collecting unit performs boiling heat exchange with the heat exchange medium in the collector in the heat transfer system. The liquid heat exchange medium in the collector evaporates into high-temperature hot steam during the heat exchange process;

The high-temperature hot steam enters the secondary heat exchanger through the sealed steam channel connected to the steam outlet of the collector. The secondary heat exchanger conducts heat exchange with the low-temperature water in the water tank, and heats the low-temperature water in the water tank to complete the primary heat energy. Transmission process; The high-temperature steam entering the secondary heat exchanger is condensed during the heat exchange process and becomes a liquid heat exchange medium again and returns to the collector through the sealed working medium return channel to enter the next heat transfer process. Cycle; During the above heat transfer process, the evaporation-condensation cycle process of the heat exchange working fluid is carried out in a completely sealed and vacuum state circulation system;

During the entire process of heat exchange between the heat collecting unit and the collector, the above-mentioned heat energy transfer process circulates continuously, and the heat energy collected and converted by the heat collecting unit is transferred to the water tank.

2. The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange medium is composed of water.

3. The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar hot water system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the internal pressure is between 0.1 Pa and one atmosphere.

4. The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure in the system is 0. lPa.

5. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange medium is a liquid working medium with a boiling point lower than 100°C.

6. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar hot water system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the liquid working fluid with a boiling point lower than 100°C is methanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrafluoroethane or hydrofluorocarbons compounds.

7. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar water heating system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the heat exchange working fluid is a mixture of two or more working fluids forming a mixed working fluid, and the mixed working fluid Contains at least one liquid working fluid with a boiling point below 100°C.

8. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar hot water system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the mixed working medium is composed of acetone and water.

9. The thermal energy transmission method of the vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid level of the heat exchange medium in the collector is lower than the steam outlet of the collector, and a space for accommodating high-temperature hot steam is formed above the highest level of the liquid level of the heat exchange medium in the collector.

10. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar hot water system as claimed in claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the horizontal liquid level of the heat exchange medium in the collector is higher than the highest heat exchange end of the heat collection unit. , the heat exchange end of the heat collection unit is completely contained by the heat exchange working fluid.

11. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner cavity diameter of the sealed steam channel connected to the steam outlet of the collector is smaller than the inner cavity diameter of the collector, The high-temperature hot steam in the collector is squeezed into the steam channel and then pressurized to form high-pressure and high-temperature hot steam.

12. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar hot water system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger is higher than the highest level of the liquid heat exchange medium in the collector.

13. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar water heating system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heat collecting unit is composed of a glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar collector or an all-glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar collector. , the heat exchange end is the condensation end of the glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar collector or the all-glass evacuated solar collector.

14. The thermal energy transmission method of a vacuum solar hot water system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the steam channel and the working medium return channel conducted between the collector and the secondary heat exchanger are thermally insulated. .

15. A vacuum solar hot water system using the thermal energy transmission method as claimed in claim 1, including: a heat collection unit that collects solar energy and converts it into thermal energy;

Water tank, equipped with water replenishment inlet and hot water outlet;

Thermal energy transmission system transmits the thermal energy of the heat collection unit to the water tank to heat the low-temperature water in the water tank. Among them: a heat collector that exchanges heat with the heat exchange end of the heat collection unit. The heat exchanger is equipped with a heat exchanger. Quality, the heat exchange working fluid that is liquid during the heat exchange process evaporates into high-temperature hot steam during the heat exchange process;

The steam outlet end of the heat collector is connected to the sealed steam channel, and the other end of the steam channel is connected to the secondary heat exchanger; the secondary heat exchanger runs through the water tank; the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger is connected to the sealed The working fluid return channel after condensation, the other end of the working fluid return channel is connected to the collector, forming a sealed cycle heat energy transmission system; the sealed cycle system is in a vacuum state;

The heat exchange working fluid is evaporated into high-temperature hot steam in the heat collector of the sealed circulation system, and enters the secondary heat exchanger to be heated with the low-temperature water in the water tank; the high-temperature steam entering the secondary heat exchanger is used for heat exchange The heat exchange working fluid that is condensed and becomes liquid again during the process returns to the collector through the sealed working fluid return channel to recirculate the heat transfer process.

16. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the sealed circulation system is provided with a vacuum device, and the vacuum device is arranged on the steam channel or the working fluid return channel.

17. The vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 15, characterized in that the sealed circulation system is provided with a liquid injection device, and the liquid injection device is arranged on the steam channel or the working fluid return channel.

18. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the vacuum device and the liquid injection device are composed of a vacuum liquid injection pipe.

19. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the heat exchange medium is water.

20. The vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 15, characterized in that the heat exchange medium is a liquid working medium with a boiling point lower than 100°C.

21. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the heat exchange working fluid is a mixture of two or more working fluids forming a mixed working fluid, and the mixed working fluid at least contains There is a liquid working fluid with a boiling point below 100°C.

22. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the heat exchange fluid level in the collector is lower than the steam outlet of the collector. A space containing high-temperature hot steam is formed above the highest level of liquid.

23. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15 or 22, characterized in that the horizontal liquid level of the heat exchange medium in the collector is higher than the highest heat exchange end of the heat collection unit. The heat exchange end is completely contained by the heat exchange working fluid.

24. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the inner diameter of the steam channel sealed and connected with the steam outlet of the collector is smaller than the diameter of the inner cavity of the collector, and the high temperature generated by the collector is The hot steam is squeezed into the steam channel and then pressurized to form high-pressure and high-temperature hot steam.

25. The vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 15, characterized in that the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger penetrating the water tank is higher than the highest level of the liquid heat exchange medium in the collector.

26. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 25, characterized in that the slope of the working fluid return channel leading to the outlet end of the secondary heat exchanger is greater than 1%.

27. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the heat collecting unit is composed of a glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar heat collecting tube or an all-glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar heat collecting tube. The hot end is the condensation W o of the glass-metal sealed heat pipe vacuum solar collector or the all-glass vacuum tube heat pipe solar collector.

28. The vacuum solar hot water system as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the steam channel and the working medium return channel conducted between the heat collector and the secondary heat exchanger are provided with an insulation layer outside.

29. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the secondary heat exchanger is in the shape of a coil and is arranged around the outer layer of the water tank or penetrates into the water tank.

30. The vacuum solar hot water system according to claim 15, characterized in that the secondary heat exchanger and the water tank have an inner and outer ring structure.

31. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 30, characterized in that the secondary heat exchanger is an annular sleeve, which is arranged around the outer layer of the water tank or inserted in the water tank.

32. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized in that the steam channel and the working medium return channel between the heat collector and the secondary heat exchanger are composed of metal pipes.

33. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15 or 27, characterized in that the solar heat collecting tubes are arranged in horizontal rows, and the heat exchange ends of the solar heat collecting tubes are connected to the vertically arranged heat collectors.

34. The vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15 or 27, characterized in that the solar heat collecting tubes are arranged vertically, and the heat exchange ends of the solar heat collecting tubes are connected to the horizontally arranged heat collectors.

35. The method of manufacturing the vacuum solar water heating system according to claim 15, characterized by comprising step one: assembling the thermal energy transmission system, connecting the heat collector, steam channel, secondary heat exchanger and working medium return channel,

Step two: Detect the sealing of the thermal energy transmission system, and debug the thermal energy transmission system until the sealing is qualified; Step three: Pre-evacuate the thermal energy transmission system through a vacuum device;

Step 4: Inject the heat exchange working fluid into the thermal energy transmission system through the liquid injection device;

Step Five: Seal the thermal energy transfer system.