WO2014101440A1 - 一种换能器断线检测方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种换能器断线检测方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2014101440A1
WO2014101440A1 PCT/CN2013/082056 CN2013082056W WO2014101440A1 WO 2014101440 A1 WO2014101440 A1 WO 2014101440A1 CN 2013082056 W CN2013082056 W CN 2013082056W WO 2014101440 A1 WO2014101440 A1 WO 2014101440A1
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transducer
pulse
residual vibration
time
control module
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PCT/CN2013/082056
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English (en)
French (fr)
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宋财华
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江西三川水表股份有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0215—Driving circuits for generating pulses, e.g. bursts of oscillations, envelopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/40—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups with testing, calibrating, safety devices, built-in protection, construction details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of metrology measurement, in particular to a transducer disconnection detection method and system using ultrasonic principle measurement.
  • the use of ultrasonic principle to measure fluid velocity and flow has the advantages of high precision, good reliability, and no moving parts, which can widely replace traditional mechanical motion measurement.
  • the ultrasonic meter consists of a measurement control module and a measuring tube with two ultrasonic transducers installed. Since their connections are made to external conductors, the reliability of the connection and the quality of the transducer need to be tested and reported when a fault cannot be measured.
  • An ultrasonic transducer is a device that converts electrical energy and mechanical energy to each other. It still has short-time residual vibration after stopping excitation, and can convert mechanical vibration into a weak electrical signal. According to this principle, the measurement control module detects the electrical signal sent back by the transducer immediately after the ultrasonic pulse is emitted. If there is ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic transducer can be considered to be working normally. Conversely, if it is not detected, it indicates that the connection is broken or the ultrasonic transducer fails.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a common ultrasonic measuring system.
  • transducer A and transducer B are transceiving each other, and the ultrasonic pulse is measured from one transducer to the other.
  • the method 1 detects whether the connection and the resistance are disconnected, and does not take into account the transducer, and may miss the judgment; the method 2 cannot distinguish the empty tube from the broken line, and the resolution capability is insufficient. In addition, the empty tube detection circuit is added.
  • the invention mainly solves the technical problem that the prior art transducer disconnection detection may be missed, the resolution is insufficient, and the detection circuit needs to be additionally increased.
  • the invention provides a transducer disconnection detection method for a transducer, a transducer driver, a measurement control module, an ultrasonic pulse generator, a reference voltage generator, a voltage comparison amplifier, a window logic and a time measurement module.
  • the ultrasonic measurement system includes the following steps:
  • the ultrasonic pulse generator generates a pulse signal, and the pulse signal drives the transducer through the transducer driver, so that the transducer sends a corresponding number according to the number of the pulse signals.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • a clamping diode is added between the transducer and the voltage comparison amplifier.
  • step S2 specifically includes:
  • the measurement control module is used to measure the time when the rising edge or the falling edge of the consecutive residual vibration pulses output by the voltage comparison amplifier is from the transducer to emit the ultrasonic pulse, and obtain some time A value, if the difference in the adjacent time values coincides with the period or half period of the ultrasound pulse, indicating that the transducer connection is normal.
  • the step of detecting the air tube is further included:
  • the empty tube is indicated.
  • step S2 specifically includes:
  • the residual vibration counter is used to calculate the number of rising or falling edges of the residual vibration pulse, and whether the residual vibration is detected according to the count value, and The length of the vibration time, to determine whether the empty pipe, whether it is broken.
  • the invention also provides a transducer disconnection detection system, the system comprising a first transducer, a second transducer, a transducer driver, a measurement control module, an ultrasonic pulse generator, a reference voltage generator, and a voltage Compare amplifiers, window logic, and time measurement modules, where:
  • the first transducer and the second transducer are mutually transceiving for converting mechanical vibration into an electrical signal
  • the transducer driver is coupled to the transducer and the measurement control module for driving the transducer to operate;
  • the measurement control module is connected to the ultrasonic pulse generator, the time measurement module and the transducer driver for measuring a residual vibration pulse signal;
  • the ultrasonic pulse generator is connected to the measurement control module and the time measurement module for generating a pulse signal
  • the reference voltage generator is coupled to the voltage comparison amplifier for outputting a standard reference voltage
  • the voltage comparison amplifier is logic-connected to the first transducer, the second transducer, the reference voltage generator, and the window for comparing a residual voltage signal and a reference voltage;
  • the window logic is coupled to the voltage comparison amplifier and the time measurement module for controlling the timing of starting to measure the residual vibration signal
  • the time measurement module is coupled to the window logic, the ultrasonic pulse generator, and the measurement control module for performing time measurements.
  • a clamping diode is added between the first transducer or the second transducer and the voltage comparison amplifier to prevent an excessive voltage from being generated during the residual vibration.
  • a residual vibration counter is added between the measurement control module and the voltage comparison amplifier for calculating the number of residual vibration pulses.
  • the invention utilizes the characteristics of the transducer itself to detect the disconnection/failure of the transducer, and can also judge the empty tube, which greatly improves the adaptability of the ultrasonic measuring instrument.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of a conventional ultrasonic measuring system
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a structural view of an ultrasonic measuring system in Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 5 is a structural view of an ultrasonic measuring system in Embodiment 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of measurement of residual vibration in the second embodiment.
  • the present invention provides a transducer disconnection detection method for including a transducer, a transducer driver, a measurement control module, an ultrasonic pulse generator, a reference voltage generator,
  • the ultrasonic measurement system of the voltage comparison amplifier, window logic and time measurement module includes the following steps:
  • the ultrasonic pulse generator generates a pulse signal, and the pulse signal drives the transducer through the transducer driver, so that the transducer sends a corresponding number according to the number of the pulse signals.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • a clamping diode is added between the transducer and the voltage comparison amplifier.
  • step S2 specifically includes:
  • the measurement control module is used to measure the time when the rising edge or the falling edge of the consecutive residual vibration pulses output by the voltage comparison amplifier is from the transducer to emit the ultrasonic pulse, and obtain some time A value, if the difference in the adjacent time values coincides with the period or half period of the ultrasound pulse, indicating that the transducer connection is normal.
  • the step of detecting the air tube is further included:
  • the empty tube is indicated.
  • step S2 specifically includes:
  • the residual vibration counter is used to calculate the number of rising or falling edges of the residual vibration pulse, and whether the residual vibration is detected according to the count value, and The length of the vibration time, to determine whether the empty pipe, whether it is broken.
  • the invention also provides a transducer disconnection detection system, the system comprising a first transducer, a second transducer, a transducer driver, a measurement control module, an ultrasonic pulse generator, a reference voltage generator, and a voltage Compare amplifiers, window logic, and time measurement modules, where:
  • the first transducer and the second transducer are mutually transceiving for converting mechanical vibration into an electrical signal
  • the transducer driver is coupled to the transducer and the measurement control module for driving the transducer to operate;
  • the measurement control module is connected to the ultrasonic pulse generator, the time measurement module and the transducer driver for measuring a residual vibration pulse signal;
  • the ultrasonic pulse generator is connected to the measurement control module and the time measurement module for generating a pulse signal
  • the reference voltage generator is coupled to the voltage comparison amplifier for outputting a standard reference voltage
  • the voltage comparison amplifier is logic-connected to the first transducer, the second transducer, the reference voltage generator, and the window for comparing a residual voltage signal and a reference voltage;
  • the window logic is coupled to the voltage comparison amplifier and the time measurement module for controlling the timing of starting to measure the residual vibration signal
  • the time measurement module is coupled to the window logic, the ultrasonic pulse generator, and the measurement control module for performing time measurements.
  • a clamping diode is added between the first transducer or the second transducer and the voltage comparison amplifier to prevent an excessive voltage from being generated during the residual vibration.
  • a residual vibration counter is added between the measurement control module and the voltage comparison amplifier for calculating the number of residual vibration pulses.
  • the reference voltage generator outputs a standard reference voltage, the analog switch Sa/Sc is closed, and the transducer driver Da output is driven low.
  • Transducer A sends ultrasonic wave: Disconnects Sc, the reference voltage generator outputs a voltage higher than the standard reference voltage (such as 20mV high) to reduce environmental interference.
  • the pulse signal of the ultrasonic pulse generator passes through the transducer driver Da.
  • Drive transducer A and output a corresponding number of ultrasonic pulses according to the number of pulses.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of measurement of residual vibration in the present embodiment.
  • the residual vibration time is related to the pipeline state. When the fluid is full, the residual vibration time is short, otherwise it is long. If the delay is delayed for a period of time after the end of the wave, the window logic can be turned on, and the time measurement module can still detect the residual vibration. , which indicates an empty pipe.
  • the present embodiment adds a residual wave counter to the above embodiment to achieve the function of detecting disconnection and empty tube while performing normal measurement.
  • the reference voltage generator outputs a standard reference voltage, the analog switch Sa/Sb/Sc is closed, and the transducer driver Da/Db output is driven low.
  • Transducer A sends ultrasonic waves: Disconnects Sc and Sb, the reference voltage generator outputs a voltage higher than the standard reference voltage (such as 20mV high) to reduce environmental interference, and the pulse signal of the ultrasonic pulse generator passes through the transducer.
  • the driver Da drives the transducer A, and outputs a corresponding number of ultrasonic pulses in a pulse number configuration.
  • Residual vibration measurement When the ultrasonic pulse is sent, the period when the sound wave has not propagated to the transducer B is defined as the residual vibration counting time, and the number of rising edges output by the comparison amplifier is calculated by the residual vibration counter. According to the count value, it is possible to directly judge whether there is residual vibration and the length of the vibration time, thereby judging whether or not the air tube is broken.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of measurement of residual vibration in the present embodiment.
  • Time difference measurement Disconnect Sa, turn on Sb, and measure the time when the sound wave reaches the B end of the transducer using a conventional method.

Abstract

一种换能器断线检测方法及系统，该方法包括：超声脉冲发生器产生脉冲信号，所述脉冲信号通过换能器驱动器（Da，Db）驱动换能器（A，B），使所述换能器（A，B）按所述脉冲信号的个数配置发送相应个数的超声脉冲（S1）；当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，打开窗口逻辑，使用测量控制模块对电压比较放大器输出的余振脉冲进行测量，通过计算相邻余振脉冲的时间差或余振脉冲的个数来判断换能器（A，B）是否断线（S2）。

Description

一种换能器断线检测方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及计量测量领域，具体涉及一种运用超声波原理测量的换能器断线检测方法及系统。
背景技术
运用超声波原理测量流体速度和流量具有精度高、可靠性好、无任何活动部件等优点，可广泛替代传统的机械运动式测量。超声波计量仪表由测量控制模块和安装了两个超声波换能器的测量管件组成。由于它们的连接用到外部导线，需要对连接的可靠性以及换能器的好坏进行检测，并且需要当出现故障无法测量时进行报告。
超声波换能器是一种将电能和机械能进行相互转换的器件，其在停止激励后仍存在短时间余振，并且能够将机械振动转换为微弱电信号。根据这个原理，测量控制模块在发出超声脉冲后，马上检测换能器上传回的电信号，如果存在超声振动，则可认为超声波换能器工作正常。反之，如果检测不到，则表明连线中断，或者超声波换能器失效。
图1是一种常见的超声波测量系统结构图。在测量流速时，换能器A和换能器B互为收发，测量超声脉冲从一个换能器发出，到达另一个换能器为止。
现有技术有两种断线检测方法：1）在换能器的两极跨接一个电阻，在换能器驱动器中加上拉电阻（其阻值远小于所跨接的电阻的阻值）并判断连线上的逻辑值，如果为0则表明没有断线；2）不加任何器件正常测量，如果在接收端检测不到超声波，则认为测量条件不成立。
上述方法存在一些限制：方法1检测的其实是连线加电阻是否断开，而没有顾及到换能器，有可能漏判；方法2无法将空管和断线区分开，分辨能力不够，需另外增加空管检测电路。
发明内容
（一）要解决的技术问题
本发明主要解决现有技术中换能器断线检测时有可能漏判、分辩能力不够、以及需要另外增加检测电路的技术问题。
（二）技术方案
本发明提供了一种换能器断线检测方法，用于包含换能器、换能器驱动器、测量控制模块、超声脉冲发生器、参考电压发生器、电压比较放大器、窗口逻辑和时间测量模块的超声测量系统，包括以下步骤：
S1、所述超声脉冲发生器产生脉冲信号，所述脉冲信号通过所述换能器驱动器驱动所述换能器，使所述换能器按所述脉冲信号的个数配置发送相应个数的超声脉冲；
S2、当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，打开所述窗口逻辑，使用所述测量控制模块对所述电压比较放大器输出的余振脉冲进行测量，通过计算相邻余振脉冲的时间差或余振脉冲的个数来判断换能器是否断线。
可选的，在所述步骤S1之前，进一步包括以下步骤：
在所述换能器和所述电压比较放大器之间增加钳位二极管。
可选的，所述步骤S2具体包括：
当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，使用所述测量控制模块测量所述电压比较放大器输出的连续几个余振脉冲的上升沿或下降沿距离所述换能器发出超声脉冲的时间，得到若干时间值，如果所述相邻时间值的差与所述超声脉冲的周期或者半周期一致，则表明所述换能器连接正常。
可选的，在上述步骤S2之后，进一步包括空管检测的步骤：
如果在所述换能器发出超声脉冲结束后，延迟预定时间打开所述窗口逻辑仍可以检测到余振脉冲，则表明空管。
可选的，所述步骤S2具体包括：
当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，至所述超声脉冲到达另一个换能器的时间内，使用余振计数器计算余振脉冲上升沿或下降沿的个数，根据计数值判断是否有余振、以及振动时间的长短，从而判断是否空管、是否断线。
本发明还提供了一种换能器断线检测系统，该系统包括第一换能器、第二换能器、换能器驱动器、测量控制模块、超声脉冲发生器、参考电压发生器、电压比较放大器、窗口逻辑和时间测量模块，其中：
所述第一换能器和第二换能器互为收发，用于将机械振动转换为电信号；
所述换能器驱动器与所述换能器和所述测量控制模块相连，用于驱动换能器工作；
所述测量控制模块与所述超声脉冲发生器、所述时间测量模块和所述换能器驱动器相连，用于测量余振脉冲信号；
所述超声脉冲发生器与所述测量控制模块和所述时间测量模块相连，用于产生脉冲信号；
所述参考电压发生器与所述电压比较放大器相连，用于输出标准参考电压；
所述电压比较放大器与所述第一换能器、所述第二换能器、所述参考电压发生器和所述窗口逻辑相连，用于比较余振电压信号和参考电压；
所述窗口逻辑与所述电压比较放大器和所述时间测量模块相连，用于控制开始测量余振信号的时机；
所述时间测量模块与所述窗口逻辑、所述超声脉冲发生器和所述测量控制模块相连，用于进行时间测量。
可选的，在所述第一换能器或第二换能器与所述电压比较放大器之间，增加一个钳位二极管，用于防止余振期间产生过高的电压。
可选的，在所述测量控制模块和所述电压比较放大器之间，增加一个余振计数器，用于计算余振脉冲的个数。
（三）有益效果
本发明利用换能器本身的特性，在检测换能器断线/失效的同时，还能对空管进行判断，极大提高了超声波计量仪表的适应能力。
附图说明
图1是常见的超声波测量系统结构图；
图2是本发明方法的流程图；
图3是实施例1中的超声波测量系统结构图；
图4是实施例1中的余振测量示意图；
图5是实施例2中的超声波测量系统结构图；
图6是实施例2中的余振测量示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
图2是本发明方法的流程图，本发明提供了一种换能器断线检测方法，用于包含换能器、换能器驱动器、测量控制模块、超声脉冲发生器、参考电压发生器、电压比较放大器、窗口逻辑和时间测量模块的超声测量系统，包括以下步骤：
S1、所述超声脉冲发生器产生脉冲信号，所述脉冲信号通过所述换能器驱动器驱动所述换能器，使所述换能器按所述脉冲信号的个数配置发送相应个数的超声脉冲；
S2、当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，打开所述窗口逻辑，使用所述测量控制模块对所述电压比较放大器输出的余振脉冲进行测量，通过计算相邻余振脉冲的时间差或余振脉冲的个数来判断换能器是否断线。
可选的，在所述步骤S1之前，进一步包括以下步骤：
在所述换能器和所述电压比较放大器之间增加钳位二极管。
可选的，所述步骤S2具体包括：
当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，使用所述测量控制模块测量所述电压比较放大器输出的连续几个余振脉冲的上升沿或下降沿距离所述换能器发出超声脉冲的时间，得到若干时间值，如果所述相邻时间值的差与所述超声脉冲的周期或者半周期一致，则表明所述换能器连接正常。
可选的，在上述步骤S2之后，进一步包括空管检测的步骤：
如果在所述换能器发出超声脉冲结束后，延迟预定时间打开所述窗口逻辑仍可以检测到余振脉冲，则表明空管。
可选的，所述步骤S2具体包括：
当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，至所述超声脉冲到达另一个换能器的时间内，使用余振计数器计算余振脉冲上升沿或下降沿的个数，根据计数值判断是否有余振、以及振动时间的长短，从而判断是否空管、是否断线。
本发明还提供了一种换能器断线检测系统，该系统包括第一换能器、第二换能器、换能器驱动器、测量控制模块、超声脉冲发生器、参考电压发生器、电压比较放大器、窗口逻辑和时间测量模块，其中：
所述第一换能器和第二换能器互为收发，用于将机械振动转换为电信号；
所述换能器驱动器与所述换能器和所述测量控制模块相连，用于驱动换能器工作；
所述测量控制模块与所述超声脉冲发生器、所述时间测量模块和所述换能器驱动器相连，用于测量余振脉冲信号；
所述超声脉冲发生器与所述测量控制模块和所述时间测量模块相连，用于产生脉冲信号；
所述参考电压发生器与所述电压比较放大器相连，用于输出标准参考电压；
所述电压比较放大器与所述第一换能器、所述第二换能器、所述参考电压发生器和所述窗口逻辑相连，用于比较余振电压信号和参考电压；
所述窗口逻辑与所述电压比较放大器和所述时间测量模块相连，用于控制开始测量余振信号的时机；
所述时间测量模块与所述窗口逻辑、所述超声脉冲发生器和所述测量控制模块相连，用于进行时间测量。
可选的，在所述第一换能器或第二换能器与所述电压比较放大器之间，增加一个钳位二极管，用于防止余振期间产生过高的电压。
可选的，在所述测量控制模块和所述电压比较放大器之间，增加一个余振计数器，用于计算余振脉冲的个数。
实施例1：
如图3所示，相对常见的超声测量系统，进行以下改动：
a) 在换能器的Stop输入处增加钳位二极管，以防止换能器余振期间产生过高的电压，导致模拟开关漏电；
b) 修改测量控制模块的逻辑，按以下步骤进行测量（以检测换能器A断线为例）：
1）给电容Ca充电：参考电压发生器输出标准参考电压，模拟开关Sa/Sc闭合，换能器驱动器Da输出驱动为低。
2）换能器A发超声波：断开Sc，参考电压发生器输出比标准参考电压高一些（如高20mV）的电压，以减少环境干扰，超声脉冲发生器的脉冲信号通过换能器驱动器Da驱动换能器A，按脉冲个数配置输出相应个数的超声脉冲。
3）余振测量：在超声脉冲发送结束后，打开窗口逻辑，用测量模块测量比较放大器输出的连续几个脉冲沿（上沿或下沿）距离发波的时间，测量得到若干时间值T1/T2/T3，如果它们的差与超声脉冲的周期（或者半周期）一致，则意味着stop输入检测到余振信号，表明换能器连接正常。图4是本实施例中的余振测量示意图。
4）空管测量：余振时间与管道状态相关，流体满管时余振时间短，反之则长，如果在发波结束后延迟一段时间打开窗口逻辑，并且时间测量模块仍可以检测到余振，则表明空管。
实施例2：
如图4所示，本实施例在上述实施例的基础上增加了一个余波计数器，达到在正常测量的同时检测断线和空管的功能。
下面以测量从换能器A到换能器B的超声传播延迟为例，介绍测量的步骤：
1）给电容Ca和Cb充电：参考电压发生器输出标准参考电压，模拟开关Sa/Sb/Sc闭合，换能器驱动器Da/Db输出驱动为低。
2）换能器A发超声波：断开Sc和Sb，参考电压发生器输出比标准参考电压高一些（如高20mV）的电压，以减少环境干扰，超声脉冲发生器的脉冲信号通过换能器驱动器Da驱动换能器A，按脉冲个数配置输出相应个数的超声脉冲。
3）余振测量：将超声脉冲发送结束，声波还未传播到换能器B的一段时间定义为余振计数时间，由余振计数器计算比较放大器所输出的上升沿个数。根据计数值，可直接判断是否有余振，以及振动时间的长短，从而判断是否空管、是否断线。图6是本实施例中的余振测量示意图。
4）时差测量：断开Sa，接通Sb，使用常规的方法测量声波到达换能器B端的时间。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

  1. 权 利 要 求 书
    1、一种换能器断线检测方法，用于包含换能器、换能器驱动器、测量控制模块、超声脉冲发生器、参考电压发生器、电压比较放大器、窗口逻辑和时间测量模块的超声测量系统，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、所述超声脉冲发生器产生脉冲信号，所述脉冲信号通过所述换能器驱动器驱动所述换能器，使所述换能器按所述脉冲信号的个数配置发送相应个数的超声脉冲；
    S2、当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，打开所述窗口逻辑，使用所述测量控制模块对所述电压比较放大器输出的余振脉冲进行测量，通过计算相邻余振脉冲的时间差或余振脉冲的个数来判断换能器是否断线。
    2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1之前，进一步包括以下步骤：
    在所述换能器和所述电压比较放大器之间增加钳位二极管。
    3、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2具体包括：
    当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，使用所述测量控制模块测量所述电压比较放大器输出的连续几个余振脉冲的上升沿或下降沿距离所述换能器发出超声脉冲的时间，得到若干时间值，如果所述相邻时间值的差与所述超声脉冲的周期或者半周期一致，则表明所述换能器连接正常。
    4、如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S2之后，进一步包括空管检测的步骤：
    如果在所述换能器发出超声脉冲结束后，延迟预定时间打开所述窗口逻辑仍可以检测到余振脉冲，则表明空管。
    5、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2具体包括：
    当所述超声脉冲发送结束后，至所述超声脉冲到达另一个换能器的时间内，使用余振计数器计算余振脉冲上升沿或下降沿的个数，根据计数值判断是否有余振、以及振动时间的长短，从而判断是否空管、是否断线。
    6、一种换能器断线检测系统，其特征在于，该系统包括第一换能器、第二换能器、换能器驱动器、测量控制模块、超声脉冲发生器、参考电压发生器、电压比较放大器、窗口逻辑和时间测量模块，其中：
    所述第一换能器和第二换能器互为收发，用于将机械振动转换为电信号；
    所述换能器驱动器与所述换能器和所述测量控制模块相连，用于驱动换能器工作；
    所述测量控制模块与所述超声脉冲发生器、所述时间测量模块和所述换能器驱动器相连，用于测量余振脉冲信号；
    所述超声脉冲发生器与所述测量控制模块和所述时间测量模块相连，用于产生脉冲信号；
    所述参考电压发生器与所述电压比较放大器相连，用于输出标准参考电压；
    所述电压比较放大器与所述第一换能器、所述第二换能器、所述参考电压发生器和所述窗口逻辑相连，用于比较余振电压信号和参考电压；
    所述窗口逻辑与所述电压比较放大器和所述时间测量模块相连，用于控制开始测量余振信号的时机；
    所述时间测量模块与所述窗口逻辑、所述超声脉冲发生器和所述测量控制模块相连，用于进行时间测量。
    7、如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于，在所述第一换能器或第二换能器与所述电压比较放大器之间，增加一个钳位二极管，用于防止余振期间产生过高的电压。
    8、如权利要求6或7所述的系统，其特征在于，在所述测量控制模块和所述电压比较放大器之间，增加一个余振计数器，用于计算余振脉冲的个数。
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