WO2014096355A1 - Procédé de fabrication de fibres de renforcement - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de fibres de renforcement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014096355A1
WO2014096355A1 PCT/EP2013/077675 EP2013077675W WO2014096355A1 WO 2014096355 A1 WO2014096355 A1 WO 2014096355A1 EP 2013077675 W EP2013077675 W EP 2013077675W WO 2014096355 A1 WO2014096355 A1 WO 2014096355A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
fibers
bamboo
raw material
fiber bundles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/077675
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lothar Rauer
Gisela SCHROTH
Original Assignee
Lothar Rauer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lothar Rauer filed Critical Lothar Rauer
Publication of WO2014096355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014096355A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/06—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing natural fibers as reinforcing fibers, in particular of bamboo fibers.
  • the present invention relates to the use of such produced natural fibers to produce a composite material.
  • synthetic fibers are widely used, which are stored in different matrix systems. All these reinforcing fibers as well as their incorporation into a matrix or the processing of these fibers are expensive, sometimes time-consuming and complicated to handle.
  • the production of glass and / or carbon fiber reinforcements in different resin matrix systems may be mentioned.
  • the use of the aforementioned fibers irretrievably consumes natural resources.
  • the qualities and property values achievable with the abovementioned reinforcing materials, in particular the physical-mechanical property values appear to be unnecessarily or unadapted.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved process for producing reinforcing fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers can be etched, in particular in a composite material.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing needle-like reinforcing fibers, comprising the method steps:
  • Such a method allows for a particularly adaptable and economical production of reinforcing fibers and furthermore the composite materials which can be produced therefrom.
  • the present invention relates to a process for producing finely divided reinforcing fibers having a dominant needle-like shape from grassy raw material, in particular bamboo.
  • a needle-like or needle-like shape may in particular be understood to mean a design having a high degree of tenacity or length-to-width ratio, in particular in a range of> 100, for example> 150.
  • the method is characterized in particular by the fact that basically known method steps for advantageously dry preparation and the devices required for this purpose are combined in such a way that at the end of a usually multi-stage designed and predominantly dry without the involvement of water crusher and classification process advantageously up to 60% of the non-fibrous components largely freed and as bulk material, for example, with lengths ⁇ 50 - 60 mm abandoned raw material of the last, in particular as defibration or the defibration downstream process stage is supplied.
  • the last stage of the process in particular for fiberizing, advantageously comprises either single-stage roller mills with heavy-duty discharge known per se and operating on one level, except for the elementary fibers.
  • the present invention further relates to an arrangement which is designed to be able to carry out the method described above and, where appropriate, together with individual or all embodiments in the context of the present invention.
  • the method is used in particular to provide fiber-containing raw material, natural fibers, in particular bamboo fibers.
  • Such fibers in the present case as elementary fibers, ie as completely fibrillated fibers or fiber cells, or as fiber bundles, can be particularly advantageous as reinforcing fibers for the production of composite materials for the production of strong semi-finished products and end products for applications in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, traffic engineering and the Construction be used.
  • a composite material may be understood to mean, in particular, a material which is produced from at least two components present next to one another, in particular the fibers and at least one matrix material.
  • the matrix material may further be any material that can accommodate the bamboo fibers as reinforcing fibers.
  • the matrix material may be a resin such as an epoxy resin.
  • thermoplastics or thermosetting plastics can be used in a manner known per se as matrix materials.
  • bamboo fibers and thus the inventively producible product are thus particularly intended as a cost-effective replacement of previously known technically complex produced high-strength Zumischkomponenten such as glass and / or carbon Fibers, for example in the field of electrical engineering.
  • bamboo fibers are to be used to increase the mechanical strength of composite materials as individual fibers or as a fiber bundle with tailored to the application material properties.
  • the bamboo fiber preparation and further utilization technology to be proposed is intended to provide fiber materials which, as individual fibers and / or as fiber bundles, are capable of achieving the application properties to be fulfilled by the finished product cost-effectively and reproducibly at any time.
  • the present method does not correspond to conventional methods in which natural products are optionally defibered and the products obtained are adapted to the material thus obtained, but according to the invention it is just possible to obtain required specifications in a defined manner by selecting about the defibering agent and the classifying agent in a defined manner and thus already tailor-made during the production step. It enables the provision of low cost, near-natural additives that can improve the utility properties of composites.
  • the properties of bamboo fibers can be expected to have many uses.
  • the preferred role of bamboo over other renewable raw materials is given by the natural bamboo diversity with different properties regarding digestion behavior, fiber geometry, recoverable fiber content and existing excellent mechanical properties and can be considered advantageous in the provision of raw materials.
  • the procurement of raw materials is extremely cost-effective to cover. Corresponding costs are halved in raw material processing in the bamboo producing countries with subsequent semi-finished products import to Europe.
  • bamboo fiber use as a long-term resistant biodegradable and mass renewable additive for crack prevention and to increase the mechanical strength, in particular bending and tension in composite materials such as, inter alia, of polymer concrete on the fiber geometry of the technically manufacturable bamboo particles coordinated grain distributions of mineral components are a possible condition or a variable parameter for the desired gain effects.
  • the fibers intended for use as reinforcing materials can, after comminution and in particular multistage defibration, be in an embodiment in the diameter range 0F and length range 1F of the elementary fiber with 0F ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, in particular 0F ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, the lower limit being given by the fiber cell can be, and 1 mm ⁇ 1F ⁇ 4 mm or from the specific aforementioned values up to the area of a fiber bundle with 0F ⁇ 1.5 mm, in particular 0F ⁇ 0.5 mm and 8 mm ⁇ 1F ⁇ 75 mm, in particular 8 mm ⁇ lp ⁇ 50 mm extend.
  • the coarse reducing agents ie in particular the means for reducing the harvested bamboo plants or bamboo straws without the partial or complete fiberization or without impairment of the Fibers, and the pulp sstoff.
  • the method according to the invention can ensure by way of example that, starting from natural fiber cell dimensions of the renewable raw material, bamboo with, for example, 0Fiber ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, in particular ⁇ 25 ⁇ m, and 1 mm ⁇ 1 fiber ⁇ 4 mm, by varying mechanical and technological parameters in fiber production, in particular comminution, defibration and classification, in the individual fiberizing unit and during classification the given fiber parameters are met and realized with a high mass output in the respectively desired fiber diameter and / or fiber length class (s).
  • the decomposition of the raw material into fibers or fiber bundles can vary.
  • the bamboo processing results in much higher fiber yields compared to flax and hemp.
  • the proportion of elementary fibers for example with a diameter in a range of 0F ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, in particular 0F ⁇ 15 ⁇ m and a length in a range of 1 mm ⁇ 1F ⁇ 4 mm, is> 40% for all types of bamboo to be used.
  • the latter having several side by side or sequentially arranged in the cell composite elementary fibers, values in the range between 50 and ⁇ 100% may be available depending on the treatment process.
  • the corresponding fiber content of flax and / or hemp is about 20%.
  • bamboo fibers as a technical reinforcing material, in particular with regard to carbon, glass, hemp and flax fibers in comparison to bamboo fibers, can be considerable. From an estimate of the cost of bamboo fiber compounding, it can be expected that for bamboo fiber com- pounds, as compared to fiberglass-containing material, a maximum of 50% of the hitherto customary production and processing costs will be required. Steel or concrete, for example, releases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide in their production instead of consuming them. The use of bamboo therefore makes it possible to create a highly sustainable resource that can be used in an ecologically responsible and economically efficient way.
  • bamboo fibers as reinforcing material, in particular for thermosetting and thermosetting plastics, can thus be seen in particular in connection with sustainable management, even if other building materials such as steel or concrete can be produced more quickly than bamboo grows and becomes ready for harvesting.
  • bamboo fibers can continue to be used to produce high-strength semi-finished products and end products for applications in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, traffic engineering and construction.
  • bamboo fiber spreader resins For example, for production in thin layers of bamboo fiber spreader resins, extensive, particularly complete, separation of non-fibrous components, such as parenchymal constituents and incorporated spherical starch particles, is of importance during the fiber conditioning process.
  • this method step a particularly advantageous reinforcing performance of the bamboo fibers can be effected.
  • the use of bamboo particles with the above pretreatment features as elasticity and strength increasing additives for thermosetting and / or thermosetting plastics in particular to form a composite material can be associated with increases of up to 500% in modulus and up to 400% in the bending resilience of the bamboo fiber-containing plastics become.
  • bamboo fibers may also be advantageous not to fiberize bamboo fibers to fibers, but rather to obtain fiber bundles, for example, from very long bamboo particles, for example with a length of 50 mm ⁇ l part ⁇ 300 mm, for example 50 mm ⁇ l part ⁇ 200 mm and a diameter of ⁇ 0.1 mm are formed.
  • textile-like bamboo fiber filaments with mesh and / or surface fabric structures produced and these are used as mechanically highly resilient core layers, such as a variety of, for example, electrical base elements.
  • high demands can be placed on the quality of the raw material.
  • bamboo fiber cells in electro-technical applications, for example, places high demands on the uniformity of the bamboo fiber properties, such as length and / or diameter tolerances, purity of the raw material, age of the culms and resulting wall thickness influences as well as possible variations of the mechanical properties fiber bundles and / or individual fiber cells. Fluctuations in the mechanical properties can be controlled on the raw material side by a continuous non-destructive measurement of, for example, the bending or tensile strength of all abandoned straws and compensated for by rejecting non-quality individual straws. For remaining residual fluctuations, application-related tolerances can be defined and their compliance monitored. Varietal purity and questions of age are to be checked in the case of external procurement of raw bamboo by a processing plant to be built advantageous. From today's perspective, in view of the large number of possible bamboo species, in particular a controlled plantation cultivation and annual harvesting measures as reliable process steps in quality assurance, but can still be combined with a monitoring and control system in the raw material processing advantageous.
  • the uniformity of the fiber length and fiber cell diameter distributions can be further secured because of the often present natural variations of 1 part and dpart by efficient defibration with subsequent classification.
  • the combination of turbo mill with a downstream air jet sieve and / or the superfine fiber in the nip of a roller mill or mill stand with a subsequent air classification can yield especially advantageous pulping results and this property can be maintained over longer periods of time, in particular for fiberization and classification .
  • the technical adjustment possibilities of the treatment plant are to be aligned and regulated accordingly in their practical operation.
  • a measuring, control and regulating system that independently engages in the reprocessing process for setting and ensuring the desired parameters can be regarded as particularly advantageous.
  • a direct feeding of the material to be shredded can be carried out to a downstream classifying device, in which the feedstock can preferably be conveyed pneumatically, independently of the respective process state, and hot air can be applied to dry the conveying material. That the predominantly fibrous spellgutstrom can be resolved by suitable internals in the classifier in products with different Faserlyn- and thickness distribution may also be advantageous.
  • Another variant could be the pre-shredded, for example, dry bamboo chips or the coarsely comminuted raw material, that is, the raw material not shredded to the fiber level, which can be realized by cutting units, in particular for defibering a multi-stage pressure and shear fiberization with each grinding stage downstream To supply air separation for the separation of non-fibrous parts.
  • the defibration can be continued until the production of a pure fiber fraction which, in turn, is temporarily charged electrostatically and then embedded as a thin layer with a layer thickness S dpart in a synthetic resin matrix or a casting resin prior to its application to the casting surface can be mixed.
  • the bamboo In the treatment of the bamboo, it may be advantageous to break the bamboo into needle-like elements along fiber and non-fibrous components throughout the stem cross-section, up to the region of the fiber cells arranged parallel to one another in the vascular bundles can reach.
  • the defibration can be superimposed on intensive convective drying by flushing the particles with preheated conveying air in order to use a known from the power plant technology itself as mill drying highly effective procedure.
  • the Hauptzerfaserungscut or primary Zerf averaging stage for example, with known per se impact or impact mills and an optionally upstream mechanical pre-stress in the feeding gap between two cylindrical rollers, further Zerf er sion steps for the step-by-step slimming down of pre-fibrillated particles can follow.
  • processing machines may be suitable in which the mechanical dissolution of the cell assembly takes place by a combined pressure and shear stressing process.
  • This principle is preferably used in mullets or Wälzmühlen and on Zerfaserungs- extruders with variable process conditions with or without connecting additional facilities for the resolution of process-induced agglomerates, up to the range of fiber cell dimensions with d fiber ⁇ 30 ⁇ , about ⁇ 25 ⁇ .
  • processing machines may be particularly suitable in which a shear stress of the particles takes place in a width-adjustable grinding gap. It is primarily intended to ensure the formation of high levels of acicular particles with high slenderness under all process conditions.
  • the device side and spatial separation of the individual treatment process stages to ensure the desired for further processing of the fibers technologically advantageous needle-like shape by a relatively gentle treatment within and between individual preparation stages. At the same time, unwanted over-grinding effects should be minimized. Due to the material advantages of the bamboo fiber insert, the acceptance of bamboo by the potential users can be increased in the future.
  • bamboo has not been used significantly in place of alternative materials such as steel, concrete, and plastics, with their economic and environmental consequences.
  • materials made of bamboo as a filler material have been used for loading conditions which do not nearly meet the great mechanical stress potential of bamboo.
  • the suitability of materials with reinforcing fibers which can be produced according to the invention goes far beyond applications conventionally known for bamboo fibers.
  • the inventive method to provide a method and an arrangement that as a holistic low-loss treatment solution from the task of pre-shredded raw bamboo on his step-by-step fibrillating crushing in individual process stages superimposed grinding drying to division into different Fiber or fiber bundle thicknesses or lengths are suitable for the predominant decomposition of the raw material along natural structural boundaries and for the division of the material flow from particles of different length and thickness into individual fiber bundle thickness and / or fiber bundle length fractions according to application technological specifications.
  • the blank in particular instead of per se known multi-stage comminution and classification before the task in the last stage process, serving as a coarse fiber, preferably on the front sides of the particular bamboo pieces with lengths ⁇ 2000 mm attacking tensioning and rotating device the blank preferably revolving slowly at speeds of 10 - 100 min 1 on an attacking on the periphery knife-like turning-like peeling device with or without Axialvorschubterrorism, but advantageously with the use of a well-known Radialvorschub worn dry or with water addition, wherein the chipped enriched with fiber cells material the last, in particular equipped with a roller mill process stage for Feinzerfaserung with or without mill drying of the fiberization products can be supplied.
  • the machining of the feed blank or of the raw material can be terminated after reaching a residual wall thickness of 25-50, depending on the feed material, based on the raw material, with known method steps up to the dry ultrafiltration of the elementary fiber diameter or the 0.02 mm to be pulverized feedstock and technology required to basically connect the required machines and thus can be combined with each other in order to interpose the shredded fines optionally and to be able to supply the demand of the subsequent plastic processing stage, such as mixing with plastic.
  • the defibration as a combination of known dry-working screw extruders and Wälzmühlefeinstzerkleintation with superimposed separate deposition of fiber-dusted particulate matter in particular to ensure the diameter and length range to be described elementary fiber range with 0 F ⁇ 0.030 mm, in particular ⁇ 0.015, and 1 mm ⁇ 1 F ⁇ 4 mm can be set.
  • the separate removal and removal of the fiber-enriched fine dusts can provide a thermally higher loadable elementary fiber mixture for further use as a reinforcing material for higher-melting thermoplastic base materials.
  • the aforementioned elementary fibers or the fiber bundles can be mixed dry in a conventional manner together with a particular thermoplastic plastic powder, fed to a likewise known heatable screw extruder, mixed with the plastic fraction in the melt state of the plastic fraction and finally into granules at the extruder outlet be chopped so as to be used for further use.
  • the above-mentioned elementary fibers or the fiber bundles can be supplied by means of a dosing device known per se to a less viscous component or a low-viscosity component of a plastic mixture comprising at least two liquid starting components, in particular hardened thermosetting with heat input, and into the first-mentioned component with per se known Stirring mixer be involved. Subsequently, the union of the at least two liquid starting components can be carried out with further stirring, and during the casting of the elementary fiber-containing mixture, the fiber particles can be given an opportunity for strength-influencing structure formation by deposition along flow lines.
  • the above-mentioned elementary fibers or fiber bundles can be fed to a particularly low-viscosity, predominantly thermosetting plastic mixtures after the combination of the starting substances and distributed evenly in the mixture to be poured by means of agitating mixers.
  • the above-mentioned elementary fibers or fiber bundles can be sprayed and / or poured over advantageously on mechanical or electrostatic fiber alignment on a working surface for producing a fiber-reinforced surface-forming thermoplastic or thermosetting potting compound with this or with thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic.
  • the above-mentioned elementary fibers or fiber bundles can be used as admixing components of a fiber-reinforced thermosetting or thermosetting bonding compound which is to be spread out in the surface by means of a distribution device and solidified with subsequent heat input.
  • the raw bamboo is supplied as wood chips with piece sizes d ⁇ 5 cm of a cleaning the surface cleaning task laundry.
  • the washed feed material passes into a coarse fiberization upstream wet-steamed plasticization, which may be formed, for example, as a continuous reactor and gives up directly in the task area of the subsequent Komplexzermaschineung.
  • the pressed moist material is heated to temperatures> 100 ° C by the pressing action of the screws so that water stored in the plant cells begins to boil and through the Vapor pressure increase and due to the imposed by the drive system from the outside shearing on the material located between the screw and housing wall a digestion along the firmer fiber cell walls in the sense of exposure of fibers and / or fiber bundles takes place.
  • the resulting particle length and diameter distribution can be determined by the choice of machine-technical parameters. be varied within wide limits. If necessary, coarse comminution, defibration and corresponding classification steps can be carried out in a manner known per se.
  • a finely divided finished product with lp ⁇ 1.0 mm conditions have been considered for achieving a finely divided finished product with lp ⁇ 1.0 mm.
  • a higher degree of plasticization vapor pressure 6 bar and process temperatures at about 150 ° C
  • a coarse fiber downstream crushing stage which may be, for example, a high-speed disc mill.
  • a use of surface-treated and / or fractionated bamboo fibers for fiber-reinforced printed circuit board base materials can be provided by producing a fiber-reinforced surface-forming potting compound or by producing a paper-like fiber matrix which is subsequently to be impregnated.
  • a use of surface-treated and / or fractionated bamboo fibers which after mechanical or electrostatic Fastions- direction for producing a fiber-reinforced surface-forming potting compound or for producing a paper-like fiber matrix to be subsequently impregnated.
  • a use of surface-treated and / or fractionated bamboo fibers for fiber-reinforced thermosetting setting stamping or casting compounds may be provided in particular for molded Isolatorbauieri for electrical applications.
  • high demands can be placed on the quality of the raw materials to ensure consistent fiber diameter and length distributions.
  • the Feinstkornklass ist very thin short fibers with an exemplary length of l Part ⁇ 2.0 mm, in particular l Part ⁇ 1.0 mm and an exemplary diameter of d Part ⁇ 20 ⁇ and for a fiber-friendly processing in the long fiber range with an exemplary fiber length of l Part ⁇ 2.0 mm, for example of l Part ⁇ 1.0 mm and an exemplary fiber diameter d Part ⁇ 200 ⁇ , for example d Part ⁇ ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de fibres de renforcement de type aiguille, le procédé présentant les étapes: a) préparer de la matière première fibreuse, en particulier du bambou, b) broyer grossièrement la matière première; c) libérer au moins en partie la matière première grossièrement broyée de la matière non fibreuse, éventuellement la cribler ensuite; d) défibrer la matière en formant des fibres ou des bottes de fibres; e) classer les fibres ou les bottes de fibres au moins en fonction de leur longueur et de leur diamètre; et éventuellement répéter individuellement ou collectivement une ou plusieurs des étapes b), d) et e); f) au moins une des étapes b), d) et e) étant exécutée dans un dispositif qui est sélectionné en fonction d'une spécification à obtenir des fibres de renforcement.
PCT/EP2013/077675 2012-12-21 2013-12-20 Procédé de fabrication de fibres de renforcement WO2014096355A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012112936.3 2012-12-21
DE102012112936 2012-12-21

Publications (1)

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WO2014096355A1 true WO2014096355A1 (fr) 2014-06-26

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0971065A2 (fr) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-12 Lothar Dr.-Ing. Rauer Procédé et dispositif de préparation de fibres naturelles, en particulier de fibres de bambou, pour utilisation comme matière de renforcement
DE10115831A1 (de) * 2001-03-31 2002-10-17 Lothar Rauer Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Naturfasern, insbesondere Bambusfasern, die den Zweck der Verstärkungsfasern erfüllen
DE10214654A1 (de) * 2002-04-03 2003-10-23 Rene Bayer Verfahren zur Herstellung natur-und/oder synthesefaserverstärkter Compounds mittels Doppelschneckenextruder
EP1782893A2 (fr) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 Manfred Dr. Ottow Triage de copeaux de bois
EP2322713A1 (fr) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-18 Aarsen Holding B.V. Procédé de fabrication de fibres de bambou et matières synthétiques en étant pourvues

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0971065A2 (fr) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-12 Lothar Dr.-Ing. Rauer Procédé et dispositif de préparation de fibres naturelles, en particulier de fibres de bambou, pour utilisation comme matière de renforcement
DE10115831A1 (de) * 2001-03-31 2002-10-17 Lothar Rauer Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Naturfasern, insbesondere Bambusfasern, die den Zweck der Verstärkungsfasern erfüllen
DE10214654A1 (de) * 2002-04-03 2003-10-23 Rene Bayer Verfahren zur Herstellung natur-und/oder synthesefaserverstärkter Compounds mittels Doppelschneckenextruder
EP1782893A2 (fr) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-09 Manfred Dr. Ottow Triage de copeaux de bois
EP2322713A1 (fr) * 2009-11-11 2011-05-18 Aarsen Holding B.V. Procédé de fabrication de fibres de bambou et matières synthétiques en étant pourvues

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