WO2014094845A1 - Schutzverglasung mit transparenter keramik - Google Patents
Schutzverglasung mit transparenter keramik Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014094845A1 WO2014094845A1 PCT/EP2012/076192 EP2012076192W WO2014094845A1 WO 2014094845 A1 WO2014094845 A1 WO 2014094845A1 EP 2012076192 W EP2012076192 W EP 2012076192W WO 2014094845 A1 WO2014094845 A1 WO 2014094845A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- optoceramic
- composite
- glass composite
- glass
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 276
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019592 roughness Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 206010041662 Splinter Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005352 borofloat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 A10N Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000965 Duroplast Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004638 Duroplast Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
- B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2551/00—Optical elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/16—Two dimensionally sectional layer
- Y10T428/162—Transparent or translucent layer or section
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a
- Antiballistically active, transparent laminated composites or protective glazings, commonly referred to as bulletproof glass, are known per se. These are
- optoceramics include spinel, A10N and sapphire.
- document DE 20 2008 014 264 U1 describes an armored glass composite disk which is made up of a plurality of layers of glass or plastic disks and at least one layer of transparent ceramic plates arranged next to one another, wherein the layers are interconnected by a connecting means.
- the plates described there must be completely transparent in order to achieve the transparency of the composite. Complete or at least sufficient transparency is generally achieved by having both the front and the back of the plates polished almost perfectly, ie to optical quality.
- polishing to optical quality, ie substantially complete transparency is extremely time consuming and expensive.
- the object of the present invention is to avoid or at least reduce the disadvantages occurring in the prior art.
- the invention provides for the use of optoceramics which are not polished to optical quality and for compensating the unevennesses and / or roughnesses present on the surface and reducing the transparency by applying a transparent layer, for example a suitable polymer film.
- a transparent layer for example a suitable polymer film.
- the surface of the opto-ceramic itself can even be so uneven and / or rough and have such a low transparency that it is not possible to see through the optoceramics.
- the present invention is described by a transparent armored glass composite of at least one layer of an optoceramic or an optoceramic layer with a front and a back and arranged on the front and / or the back of the optoceramic layer layer of a transparent material which cohesively with the opto-ceramic layer is connected so that the transparency of the composite is greater than the transparency of the optoceramic layer alone.
- the invention extends to a method for producing a transparent armored glass composite, comprising providing an optoceramic as a layer of armored glass composite and joining at least one layer of a transparent material to a front side and / or a backside of the optoceramic, so that the
- the armored glass composite according to the invention is in particular producible or produced by the process according to the invention.
- the inventive method is preferably designed for the preparation of the inventive
- the laminated glass composite can also be referred to as a protective glazing.
- Optoceramic is a ceramic material for optical applications. Optoceramics differ from conventional glass ceramics in that the latter have a high proportion of amorphous glass phase in addition to a crystalline phase. Furthermore, conventional ceramics have high
- An optoceramic is in itself transparent or
- Electromagnetic radiation also referred to as light, is understood to be a pure transmission (i.e., the light transmission minus reflection losses) which, in a range of at least 200 nm width, for example in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 600 nm or
- Wavelength range from 450 nm to 750 nm or preferably in the wavelength range from 500 nm to 800 nm or particularly preferably in the range of visible light with wavelengths from 380 nm to 800 nm, greater than 20%, preferably greater than 40%, particularly preferably greater than 60 %, most preferably greater than 80%. This is true for one Thickness of at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 3 mm, most preferably at a thickness of at least 4 mm or even at least 10mm thickness.
- an opto-ceramic is transparent or merely translucent is decisively determined by the microstructure of the ceramic and additionally by the nature of the surface of an optoceramic, in particular by its unevenness and / or the roughness.
- Body is a formed of small particles or a kind of powder shaped body in which the small particles are interconnected by sintering.
- the individual crystallites are densely arranged here, and, based on the theoretical values, densities of at least 99%, preferably of at least 99.9% and particularly preferably of at least 99.99%, are generally achieved.
- the optoceramics are thus almost free of pores. Consequently, an optoceramic is a sintered body.
- the small particles of the sintered body can, for example, with a
- Size distribution of 0.5 ym to 500 ym are provided, wherein the starting materials can have significantly smaller particle sizes, even less than 50 nm primary grain size.
- the optoceramics which is used as a layer in the armored glass composite, will also be referred to as
- Designated optoceramic layer The optoceramic layer or the optoceramic used is optically translucent or transparent before being joined to the layer (s) of the remaining armored glass composite.
- Optoceramic layer is at least transparent or translucent to electromagnetic radiation in the
- Wavelength range which is perceptible to the human eye.
- a material is said to be optically transparent or translucent when an underlying object is relatively clear.
- Transparency can therefore be termed visual or visual transparency.
- the translucency in contrast to transparency, the translucency on the other hand can be referred to as light transmission, wherein
- the optoceramic layer can be transparent. However, it does not have to be transparent. It is according to the invention even sufficient if the optoceramic layer only
- the front side and / or the back side of the optoceramics can be or may be so rough and / or uneven that the transmitted light is so diffuse that no clear or sharp image of an underlying object is possible or even only dark and bright areas are visible.
- a measure of the transparency and / or the translucency is the transmittance of the light through the optoceramic layer.
- the optionally processed optoceramic layer has a total prior to joining with the layer (s) of the remaining armored glass composite
- Transmittance in a range of at least 200 nm width, for example in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 600 nm or in the wavelength range of 450 nm to 750 nm or preferably in the wavelength range of 500 nm to 800 nm or more preferably in the visible range
- the transmitted radiation and the transmission is determined by comparison with the detected radiation without a sample.
- Transmittance in this case is called the measured total transmission of the sample disc, because both the
- the transmission of the light through the optoceramic layer is also due to the unevenness and / or the roughness of the front and / or the back of the optoceramic layer influenced. Therefore, the unevenness and / or the roughness is also a measure of the transparency and / or the translucency of the optoceramic layer.
- the optoceramic layer has, prior to assembly with the layer (s) of the rest of the armored glass composite, a surface texture that is comparable to the surface that is formed when, for example, by grinding it with sandpaper with grit size PIOOO (grain size 18.3y ⁇ lym) or at most up to P5000
- Grit paper with a grain size of at most P240 (grain size 58.5ym ⁇ 2ym) or most preferably milled, which is roughly comparable to sanding with
- Sandpaper with grain size P240 is treated.
- the abovementioned abrasive grain sizes are according to standard FEPA P (Federation Europeenne of the Fabricants de Produits
- the FEPA distinguishes between paper grades (FEPA P) and abrasive grits (FEPA F), e.g. for grindstones. Fepa P grain sizes are only used for paper. The FEPA F grades are to be used for comparison with other standards. Depending on the hardness of the optoceramic and the performance of the grinding process (s), surfaces with certain roughnesses are produced.
- Ra values of ⁇ 0.01ym typically roughness characteristics Ra values of ⁇ 0.01ym, RMS values of ⁇ 0.01ym.
- the optoceramic layer has a roughness greater than about 0.01 mM (Ra values) and / or greater than about 0.01 mM (RMS values), preferably greater than about 0.1 Iy (Ra values). and / or greater than about 0, lym (RMS values), more preferably greater than about lym (Ra values), and / or greater than about lym (RMS values).
- the roughness is in a range at Ra values and / or RMS values of less than about 10.0ym, preferably less than about 4.0ym, more preferably less than about 2.2ym.
- the composite After assembly, in particular of the optoceramic layer with the transparent layer, the composite has a transmittance (measured with PvK measurement) in one Range of greater than 40%, preferably greater than 60%, more preferably greater than 70% or greater than 80%.
- the Haze (turbidity) as a measure of the scattering should be in the range ⁇ 10%, preferably ⁇ 5%, particularly preferably ⁇ 2%, very particularly preferably ⁇ 1%.
- the ratio of the transmittance of the composite to the transmittance of the optoceramic layer is in a range from 0.3 to 10, preferably from greater than 1 to 8, particularly preferably greater than 1 to 3.
- the optoceramic layer has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 100 mm.
- the optoceramic layer is provided by at least one ceramic selected from a group consisting of Mg spinel, Zn spinel, A10N, sapphire and pyrochlore (A 2 B 2 07, where A is at least one trivalent cation from the group of Earth oxides, preferably Y, Gd, Yb, Lu, La, Sc;
- the aforementioned ceramics may also be present as mixed-crystal ceramics or structures. The listed list is to be understood as an example and is not limited to the selection mentioned.
- the optoceramic is produced by means of sintering. After the production of the sintered body, cleaning of its surface is generally required. Because its surface is usually with a disturbing layer, for example one
- Graphite layer covered, which may result from contact with the inside of a mold. On the surface or In the superficial layer and foreign particles may be incorporated, which may be due to the sintering process. This interfering layer and possibly near-surface areas must be removed. The optoceramic must be cleaned after sintering, so to speak.
- the optoceramics or the upper side of the optoceramics can be, for example, by means of milling, lapping, ultrasonic lapping, sandblasting, grinding, sawing, etching, laser processing and / or
- Ion beam machining can be edited.
- the listed list is to be understood as an example and is not limited to the selection mentioned. Other non-cited ablation methods may also be used.
- the surface usually has a high
- the last step of polishing represents the time-consuming and therefore also the most cost-intensive step. As a rule, more than half of the total processing time of the surfaces of the optoceramics is accounted for by the polishing step.
- the inventors have recognized that polishing for optical quality is not required, if the invention
- the armored glass composite is therefore characterized in that the front side and / or the rear side of the optical ceramic is or are not polished to optical quality.
- An optical grade or quality surface generally has a roughness Ra of less than 10 nm
- Opto-ceramic can be used with an extremely rough surface, so that even the post-treatment of the successive grinding and washing can be dispensed with. It is only necessary to remove the resulting from the sintering process interfering layer, for example by milling.
- the armored glass composite is therefore characterized in that the front side and / or the back side of the optical ceramic is cleaned after sintering, preferably by milling, lapping, ultrasound-lapping the front side and / or the back side,
- the strength or fracture behavior of the optoceramic is essentially determined by the properties of the surface of the optoceramic.
- the surface of the optoceramic is sandblasted. By sandblasting the optoceramic, its surface is in the
- the transparent layer is transparent in conjunction with the position of the optoceramic. However, it is not mandatory that the material be transparent prior to bonding to the optoceramic layer.
- the transparency of the layer may, for example, also arise after bonding and / or during bonding to the optoceramic layer, for example by curing or curing
- the transparent layer has, in particular after being joined to the optoceramic layer, a pure degree of transmission after deduction of the
- the optoceramic layer have the same refractive index.
- the refractive index of the optoceramic layer and the refractive index of the layer arranged on the optoceramic layer are adapted to one another in a preferred variant of the invention.
- the difference is the refractive index of the optoceramic layer and the refractive index of the layer arranged on the optoceramic layer is less than 0.7, preferably less than 0.5, particularly preferably less than 0.25.
- the composite not only consists of the optoceramic layer and the layer, but further layers and / or layers may be provided. Therefore, the armored glass composite is characterized in that the composite at least one more
- the optoceramic layer and / or at least one further layer is / are provided as a type of pane.
- the at least one further layer preferably has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 100 mm.
- the transparent material of the at least one further layer is at least one material selected from a group consisting of glass, glass ceramic, plastic, ceramic and optoceramics.
- a disc of a transparent arranged inorganic material which does not have to be mechanically polished.
- a glass pane with a floated or polished, in particular fire-polished, surface can be used. But they are also conceivable
- This last layer preferably has a roughness Ra of less than 20 nm, more preferably less than 15 nm.
- the roughness Ra of the outermost disk lies on its surface between 2 and 10 nm.
- Armored glass composite on at least two optoceramic layers which are arranged one above the other.
- various materials can be used for this purpose,
- At least one first pane ie the outermost pane of the composite, has a roughened underside.
- the outermost disc for example, by a
- Armored glass composite on a layer of a plastic which contains inorganic nanoparticles.
- the inorganic nanoparticles which are present in the plastic as a filler, can serve the refractive index matching of the plastic. For example, to increase the refractive index
- Has refractive index for example, a plastic that is not filled with nanoparticles.
- Plastic usually ensures a better fabric fit of the layers.
- the glass is at least one glass selected from a group consisting of borosilicate glass (e.g.
- soda-lime-silicate glass reinforced glass, fused quartz glass, Vycor-PMMA-nano-composite, Na reduced glasses (AF %), prestressed K-Na glasses or boron glasses, Li-Na glass ceramics and spinel ceramics , and or
- the glass-ceramic is at least one glass-ceramic, which is selected from a group consisting of Resistan, newly developed glass-ceramics, Li-silicate GK and spinel GK, and / or
- the plastic is or comprises a thermoplastic, thermoset and / or elastomer.
- the plastic is
- At least one plastic selected from a group consisting of PMMA polyurethane,
- the transparent layer and / or the at least one further transparent layer is thinner than the optoceramic layer and / or thinner than the at least one further layer. They can represent intermediate layers, in which they preferably the task of adhesion mediation falls. Preferably possesses or possess the
- transparent layer and / or the at least one further transparent layer has a thickness of 0.001 mm to 10 mm.
- the material for the at least one further layer and / or for the transparent layer can be provided in a first variant of the invention as a type of film which is incorporated into or applied to the composite.
- a film may be laminated to the composite.
- the material for the at least one further layer and / or for the transparent layer can also be provided in liquid and / or gaseous form and applied to the composite and there in a solid state, for example via crosslinking and / or Hardening be transferred.
- the material of the layer and / or the further layer can be heated to
- the material for the transparent layer and / or for the at least one further layer can be applied, for example, by means of spraying and / or a sol-gel process (eg alkoxide gel process, essentially pure inorganic methods and / or inorganic / organic hybrid methods) ,
- the transparent material of the layer and / or the material of the at least one further layer is at least one material which is selected from a group consisting of plastic, glass and glass ceramic of these.
- the glass is at least one glass selected from a group consisting of borosilicate glass (e.g.
- the plastic is or comprises a thermoplastic
- the plastic is
- At least one plastic selected from a group consisting of PMMA, polyurethane,
- the armored glass composite is characterized by at least one functional layer in the composite, which is separate
- the functional layer is at least one layer selected from a group consisting of heating layer, anti-fog layer, anti-reflection layer, vapor-index glass layer for refractive index adjustment, photochromic layer, electrochromic layer, thermochromic layer, radiation-shielding layer, IR-absorbing layer, radiation-reflecting layer, anti-scratch layer (eg DLC coating against mechanical abrasion) and other functional layer, this list no
- At least the optoceramic layer is provided by an arrangement of individual plates. This can limit projectile damage to portions of the composite, improving multi-hit capability.
- a further embodiment is characterized in that the optoceramic layer and / or the composite is or are bent at least in sections. As a result, the lateral view can be improved by the composite.
- An example of the production of a bent optoceramic is the shaping of the green body by near-net shape
- the armored glass composite according to the invention is a device for protection against direct and / or indirect, preferably dynamic, effects.
- the armored glass composite according to the invention is a device for protection against direct and / or indirect, preferably dynamic, effects.
- armored glass composite according to the invention a device for the protection, in particular of persons, in vehicles,
- the composite includes glass. This may include a pane of glass, for example as another layer, but it does not have to.
- the total thickness of the composite may be from 5 mm to 250 mm
- FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate different embodiments of a laminated glass composite according to the invention, each in a cross section.
- FIG. 5 a and 5 b illustrate a further embodiment according to the invention of a laminated glass composite according to the invention in cross section (FIG. 5 a) and in a perspective view (FIG. 5 b).
- FIG. 6 a and 6 b illustrate a first embodiment according to the invention of a laminated glass composite according to the invention in a plate arrangement in cross-section (FIG. 6 a) and in a perspective view (FIG. 6 b).
- 7.a and 7.b illustrate a second embodiment according to the invention of a laminated glass composite according to the invention in a plate arrangement in cross section (FIG. 7.a) and in a perspective view (FIG. 7.b).
- FIG. 8.a and 8.b illustrate a third embodiment according to the invention of a laminated glass composite according to the invention in a plate arrangement in cross section (FIG. 8.a) and in a perspective view (FIG. 8.b).
- Figures 9.a and 9.b show the transmittance as a function of optical wavelength for machined spinel plates without an applied layer (Figure 9.a) and with transparent layers disposed on both sides ( Figure 9.b).
- Fig. 10 shows photographs of four different
- FIGS. 1 to 4 initially show various embodiments of an armor disk 10.
- FIG. 1 shows an armor disk 10, which consists of an optoceramic layer 1 and a transparent layer 2 or a layer 2 of a transparent material
- the optoceramic layer 1 with a
- Front side la and a back side lb are provided by an optoceramic, for example based on
- the front side la of the optoceramic layer 1 is an outer side and the back side lb of the optoceramic layer 1 is assigned to an inner side of the armor plate 10.
- the outside and inside of the armor plate 10 is defined by the orientation in the installed state, for example in a vehicle or aircraft.
- the outside of the armor plate 10 is associated with the outside of the vehicle or aircraft. The outside is thus the side on which a projectile hits.
- the inside is associated with the interior of the vehicle or the aircraft.
- the back side 1b of the optoceramic layer 1 in FIG. 1 is, for example, polished in such a way that it is substantially transparent and is preferably polished to optical quality.
- the front side la of the optoceramic layer 1, for example, is not polished to optical quality but only milled.
- the optoceramic or the optoceramic layer 1 is therefore not transparent overall.
- the unevenness and / or roughness of the front side 1a of the optoceramic layer 1 influencing the optical transparency is or are compensated by the layer 2 applied to the front side 1a of the layer 1.
- the layer 2 is, for example, a PMMA film, which is laminated on the front side la of the optoceramic layer 1 by means of heating and, if appropriate, appropriate application of overpressure and / or underpressure.
- the sufficiently heated and thus softened film 2 rests and / or in the structures that are due to the unevenness and roughness of the front side la.
- the film 2 compensates for this Structures and makes them visually essentially imperceptible.
- FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention with an insufficiently transparent front side 1a and an insufficiently transparent rear side 1b of the optoceramic layer 1.
- both on the front side 1a and on the back side 1b are required to achieve the required transparency of the armored glass composite 10.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment in which a further layer 3-1 is arranged on the layer 2.
- the further layer 3-1 can be provided, for example, by a pane based on a plastic, a glass or a glass ceramic.
- the layer 2 also acts as a connecting means between the layer 1 and the further layer 3-1.
- the armor plate 10 can, depending on the
- Inner side can be extended with further layers 3-1 to 3-3 and / or further layers 4-1 and 4-2.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which on the layer 2, which is arranged on the rear side 1b of the optoceramic layer 1, there are further layers, of which only two layers 4-1 and 4-2 are shown here by way of example are, and still other layers, of which only two layers 3-2 and 3-3 are shown here by way of example, may be arranged to increase the protective effect.
- As the last layer 3-3 to the inside a disc based on polycarbonate is provided.
- the polycarbonate disk 3-3 is quite tough and therefore can deform well. It serves as a kind of catcher for the projectile and / or for his
- Components and / or for splinters, such as Glass splinter, from the armored glass composite Components and / or for splinters, such as Glass splinter, from the armored glass composite.
- Optoceramic 1 slows down and / or can be deformed.
- a projectile also splinters and fragments of, for example, grenades or similar explosive ammunition are called.
- the optoceramic 1 is used in Figures 3 and 4 as a second disc. Preferably, it is between two panes 3-1 and 3-2 made of glass or glass ceramic and is glued to these in each case by means of a suitable polymer film 2 (see Figure 4). Since the soft polymer film 2 compensates for unevenness of the optoceramic disk 1 and can be optically ineffective, in particular independent of the refractive index of both materials or especially if layer thickness and refractive index of the film 2 are sufficiently adapted, the optoceramics 1 need not be consuming and expensive polished , Of course it is also possible to have an extremely effective one
- Composite 10 only by the use of at least one optoceramic layer 1 and at least one transparent layer 2 to achieve. This effect is correspondingly enhanced by additional optoceramic layers. It is therefore not absolutely necessary for a ballistic protective effect to insert additional layers of glass.
- the antiballistic effect of the entire composite 10 is hardly affected by this withdrawal of the optoceramic disc 1 by a position to the rear. Because still causes the optoceramics 1 in the front part of the structure 10 a braking, deformation and / or fragmentation of the projectile.
- the largest part is preferably one
- the presetting of a further layer 3-1, for example of glass or glass ceramic, in front of the optoceramic layer 1 also offers a number of further advantages.
- the further layer 3-1 used as the first pane may be a simple flat glass pane. This can for example be provided with functions, in particular heating, anti-fog effect (anti-fog) and / or anti-reflection effect.
- the heater may be formed, for example, as a TCO layer or non-transparent, spaced-apart wires or surface conductors.
- Disc can be used. Furthermore, as a supplement or as an alternative, at least one functional layer in the composite 10
- the at least one functional layer can cover the composite 10 completely or in sections. This can be done on the composite 10 or between individual layers 1, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and / or layers 2, 4-1, 4-2 of FIG
- Composite 10 may be arranged.
- Examples of a functional layer are a layer based on vapor-deposited glasses, in particular with a
- Refractive index gradient for refractive index matching (see DE 10 2008 034 373 A1), a photochromic layer, in particular for protection against brightness in the visible wavelength range and preferably with permanent transmittance in the IR range, an electrochromic layer, in particular for
- FIGS. 5.a and 5.b schematically show a further embodiment according to the invention of an armored glass composite 10 according to the invention.
- the structure of the armored glass 10 on the front side 1a corresponds to the optoceramic layer 1 to the structure 10 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the layer 2, a first further layer 3-2, a further layer 4-1 and then a second further layer 3-3 are applied on the back side 1b of the optoceramic layer 1.
- the further layer 4-1 corresponds to the layer 2 and serves as a connecting means between the first further layer 3-2 and the second further layer 3-3.
- the first further layer 3-2 is for example a glass pane.
- the second additional layer 3-3 here, which represents the last layer here and connects the composite 10, is for example one
- the embodiments described above are each based on armor disks 10, in which the optoceramic layer 1 is provided by a one-piece optoceramic. They are particularly suitable for armored disks 10 with an area in the order of up to 800 mm ⁇ 1500 mm, preferably of up to 250 mm ⁇ 250 mm, particularly preferably of up to 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm.
- FIGS. 6 a and 6 b show an embodiment in which an armor disk 10 is constructed from a plurality of small disks 1 c.
- the optoceramic layer 1 of the optoceramic is composed of several small slices 1c. Because, with the exception of the optoceramics 1, all other layers 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, which, for example, on Plastic, glass and / or a glass ceramic based, and the layers 2, 4-1, which for example on a
- Plastic and / or an inorganic layer based produce in much larger dimensions.
- Optoceramic layer 1 is made of several optoceramic
- the optoceramic layer 1 is formed by an arrangement of optoceramic plates 1c. With the exception of the optoceramic layer 1, the construction of this armor disk 10 corresponds to the construction of the armor disk 10 shown in FIGS. 5.a and 5.b.
- the optoceramic layer 1 is constructed.
- the individual plates lc are assembled into an arrangement.
- the plates lc are assembled over and next to each other to a kind of mosaic.
- a connecting means can be provided, in particular in order to stabilize the composite 10 or at least the layer 1 and / or mechanically decouple the plates lc.
- the layer 2 which is based for example on a PMMA film, on the optoceramic layer 1 laminated.
- the layer 2 stabilizes the arrangement of the plates lc and the optoceramic layer 1.
- Layers 2 and 4-1 and layers 3-1 to 3-3 correspond to the steps already described with reference to FIGS. 5.a and 5.b.
- FIGS. 7.a and 7.b show a further variant of the armor plate 10, in which not only the optoceramic layer 1 is constructed of plates lc.
- the further layer 3-2 is composed of plates.
- the damage in the further layer 3-2 can be limited to the plate or plates, which are within the range of the
- FIGS. 8.a and 8.b show a further schematic representation of an armor disk 10.
- this composite 10 all the layers 1 and 3-1 to 3-3 are made up of plates. These are aligned with each other so that the individual plates of the layers 1 and 3-1 to 3-3 im
- a plate stack 5 is provided by IR transparent plates.
- this stack 5 is essentially completely provided by an optoceramic 1.
- An IR channel 5 is provided. Behind such an IR channel 5, a camera 20
- This construction can be realized in such a way that the IR channel 5 covers the area of an entire panel and, for example, as shown, is arranged in a decentralized manner in one corner of the entire panel or only one unit at a time
- Section of a plate provides an IR channel 5.
- the above-mentioned functions or functional layers can be provided for the entire armor disk 10 or else for divided or composed of smaller individual plates systems, in particular for individual plates.
- Figures 9.a and 9.b show the total transmittance (PvK) including the Fresnel losses as a function of optical wavelength in a range of 400nm to 800nm for processed 4mm thick spinel plates 1 without and with layer 2. The Processing took place on the
- Figure 9.a shows the transmittance (PvK measurement) as a function of optical wavelength for
- the transmission for the polished plate 1 is highest. It lies in the range shown approximately between 85% and 90%. The transmission increases with increasing
- FIG. 9.b shows the transmittance (PvK measurement) as a function of the optical wavelength for machined spinel plates 1.
- a transparent layer 2 made of a TPU film (Hundsman PE 399) of the thickness 0.76 mm
- the transparency can be increased.
- the transmission for the polished plate 1 was highest, as it was expected. It lies in the range shown approximately between 79% and 85%. The transmission is lower compared to Figure 9.a. Surprisingly, however, the transmission for the milled plate 1 is approximately comparable to the transmission for the polished plate 1. In addition, this is above the transmission for the ground plates 1. For the ground plates 1, the transmission decreases with increasing grain size. For P600 it is in the range shown approximately between 75% and 80%. For P320 it is in the range shown approximately between 70% and 78%. For P240 it is in the range shown approximately between 70% and 78%.
- FIG. 10 finally shows photographs of differently finely or roughly worked glass panes respectively without (lateral photographs) and with the transparent layer 2 (central photographs), which is provided here by a foil.
- Three of the four discs are different
- Grit sizes ground P600 (grain size 25.8 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ), P320 (grain size 46.2 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ ) and P240 (grain size 58.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ).
- the roughness values for the processed wheels are Ra values of 0.36 ym and RMS values of 0.49 ym for P600 roughness characteristics; for P320 roughness characteristics Ra values of 0.67 ym and RMS values of 0.89 ym; and for P240
- Ra values of 1.72 ym and RMS values of 2.25 ym One of the four discs is merely milled (top right) with roughness characteristics Ra values of 1.60 ym and RMS values of 2.07 ym. This roughly corresponds to the roughness characteristics of P240 ground.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112012007012.7T DE112012007012A5 (de) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Schutzverglasung mit transparenter Keramik |
PCT/EP2012/076192 WO2014094845A1 (de) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Schutzverglasung mit transparenter keramik |
IL239159A IL239159A0 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2015-06-03 | Protective glazing that includes transparent ceramics |
US14/745,195 US20150285595A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2015-06-19 | Protective glazing comprising transparent ceramics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/076192 WO2014094845A1 (de) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Schutzverglasung mit transparenter keramik |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/745,195 Continuation US20150285595A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2015-06-19 | Protective glazing comprising transparent ceramics |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2014094845A1 true WO2014094845A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
Family
ID=47553000
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PCT/EP2012/076192 WO2014094845A1 (de) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Schutzverglasung mit transparenter keramik |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20150285595A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE112012007012A5 (de) |
IL (1) | IL239159A0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014094845A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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EP3545256A2 (de) | 2016-11-28 | 2019-10-02 | TruArmor a Division of Clear-Armor LLC | Widerstandsanordnungen gegen das eindringen von geschossen |
CN110100192B (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2021-02-09 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 光学膜及光学膜的制造方法 |
DE102022000992A1 (de) | 2022-03-22 | 2023-09-28 | Ceramtec-Etec Gmbh | Körperschutzelement geformt aus einem Schichtsystem, mit wenigstens einer keramischen Schicht, dessen Herstellung sowie Verwendung |
CN116283271B (zh) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-03-12 | 宁波大学 | 一种高折射率和高光学质量的Gd2Sn2O7烧绿石型透明陶瓷的制备方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6479155B1 (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 2002-11-12 | Vetrotech Saint-Gobain International Ag | Fire-resistant laminated glass pane assembly |
US20060063880A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Transparent composites and laminates and methods for making |
US20080264548A1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-10-30 | Jian-Zhi Jay Zhang | Optical distortion removal |
DE202008014264U1 (de) | 2008-10-27 | 2009-02-05 | GuS Präzision in Kunststoff, Glas und Optik GmbH & Co. KG | Panzerglasverbundscheibe |
DE102008034373A1 (de) | 2008-07-23 | 2010-02-04 | Federal-Mogul S.A. | Befestigungsanordnung einer Abdeckkappe am Befestigungsteil eines Scheibenwischerarmes |
-
2012
- 2012-12-19 DE DE112012007012.7T patent/DE112012007012A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-19 WO PCT/EP2012/076192 patent/WO2014094845A1/de active Application Filing
-
2015
- 2015-06-03 IL IL239159A patent/IL239159A0/en unknown
- 2015-06-19 US US14/745,195 patent/US20150285595A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6479155B1 (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 2002-11-12 | Vetrotech Saint-Gobain International Ag | Fire-resistant laminated glass pane assembly |
US20060063880A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Transparent composites and laminates and methods for making |
US20080264548A1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-10-30 | Jian-Zhi Jay Zhang | Optical distortion removal |
DE102008034373A1 (de) | 2008-07-23 | 2010-02-04 | Federal-Mogul S.A. | Befestigungsanordnung einer Abdeckkappe am Befestigungsteil eines Scheibenwischerarmes |
DE202008014264U1 (de) | 2008-10-27 | 2009-02-05 | GuS Präzision in Kunststoff, Glas und Optik GmbH & Co. KG | Panzerglasverbundscheibe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112012007012A5 (de) | 2015-07-09 |
US20150285595A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
IL239159A0 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
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