WO2014086514A2 - Wheel hub machine, single track vehicle - Google Patents

Wheel hub machine, single track vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014086514A2
WO2014086514A2 PCT/EP2013/070793 EP2013070793W WO2014086514A2 WO 2014086514 A2 WO2014086514 A2 WO 2014086514A2 EP 2013070793 W EP2013070793 W EP 2013070793W WO 2014086514 A2 WO2014086514 A2 WO 2014086514A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel hub
rotor
stator
permanent magnets
machine according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/070793
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2014086514A3 (en
Inventor
Michel Dietrich
Christian Staudenmann
Fengmei Cheng
Norbert Martin
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to CN201380063729.7A priority Critical patent/CN104837663A/en
Publication of WO2014086514A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014086514A2/en
Publication of WO2014086514A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014086514A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/12—Motorcycles, Trikes; Quads; Scooters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/12—Motorcycles, Trikes; Quads; Scooters
    • B60Y2200/126—Scooters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wheel hub machine, in particular wheel hub motor for a particular two-wheeled single-track vehicle, with an electric machine having a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator at least, in particular exactly 51 (fifty-one) grooves, in which an at least two-layer winding is arranged , and wherein the rotor arranged a plurality of evenly distributed over the circumference
  • the invention relates to a single-track vehicle with at least two wheels, of which at least one has a wheel hub machine as described above.
  • Wheel hub machines are often used for two-wheeled single-track vehicles, in particular so-called electric scooters.
  • gearless wheel hub motors are often provided on the rear wheel of such a single-track vehicle.
  • These are usually permanent-magnet, brushless, electrically commutated
  • Synchronous motors typically, they have an axle-fixed stator with a high number of slots, in which a winding in at least two layers
  • stators have a number of 51 (fifty-one) slots for the winding.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets is usually provided, wherein, for example, 46
  • the grooves and the permanent magnets are each distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor or stator.
  • the amount of material for the permanent magnets contributes a high proportion to the total cost of a such wheel hub machine, especially when rare earth magnets are used as permanent magnets.
  • the wheel hub machine with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that, with a constant stator, the amount of material for the
  • Permanent magnet is used, can be reduced by up to 50%, without the output torque or the output power of the
  • Wheel hub engine can be reduced.
  • the wheel hub machine has 56 (fifty-six) permanent magnets arranged distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor.
  • the magnets themselves may be made smaller, whereby a total of the amount of material for the magnets is reduced, despite the same power
  • the permanent magnets are made of rare earth magnetic material. Since the number of slots on the stator remains the same, the prior art stator can be adopted without any change, resulting in further cost advantages.
  • the permanent magnets Seen circumferentially spaced from each other.
  • the permanent magnets are not flush, but spaced from each other - seen in the circumferential direction - arranged.
  • the distance between adjacent permanent magnets is at least twice the radial air gap thickness between the rotor and the stator. Due to the distance between the permanent magnets to each other, the stray flux between the permanent magnet is a tangential
  • the permanent magnets are arranged on an iron return ring of the electric machine.
  • the return ring on recesses, in which the permanent magnets are each used in some areas.
  • the wheel hub machine is designed as a hub motor.
  • the wheel hub machine is designed as an internal rotor motor or machine.
  • the rotor has a smaller diameter than the stator and is rotatably mounted in the stator.
  • the wheel hub machine as an external rotor motor
  • the stator has a smaller diameter than the rotor, so that the stator is disposed within the rotor and the rotor is rotatably mounted around the stator.
  • the rotor is designed as a rim for a wheel of a vehicle, in particular single-track vehicle. As a result, the rotor takes on two functions at the same time, so that the wheel hub machine saves space on the vehicle,
  • the single-track vehicle according to the invention with the features of claim 7 is characterized by a wheel hub machine, as described above from. This results in the already mentioned advantages.
  • Figure 2 shows the wheel hub motor in a simplified detail
  • Figure 3 shows the wheel hub motor according to an inventive
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a wheel unit 1 for a two-wheeled
  • the wheel unit 1 can be used both as a front wheel and as a rear wheel unit.
  • the wheel unit 1 comprises a tire 2, a rim 3 and a wheel hub motor 4.
  • the tire 2 is fixedly arranged on the rim 3 and the wheel hub motor 4 is arranged substantially in the rim 3.
  • the wheel hub motor has for this purpose a stator 5, which is arranged fixed or can be arranged axially fixed.
  • the wheel hub motor 4 has a rotor 6 which has a larger diameter than the stator 5 and is arranged coaxially with the stator 5, so that the stator 5 is arranged completely inside the rotor 6.
  • the rotor 6 simultaneously forms the rim 3.
  • the wheel hub motor 4 is thus formed as an external rotor machine 1 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the wheel hub motor 4, as it is known to be built.
  • the stator 5 has a stator winding 7, which is inserted in grooves 8 of the stator 5.
  • the stator 5 has fifty-one (51) grooves formed on its shell outer surface.
  • the winding 7 is at least two layers.
  • the winding 7 is expediently a two-layer single-tooth winding and has a winding factor of 0.944.
  • the wheel hub motor 4 is as
  • the rotor 6 has forty-six (46) on its inside
  • Permanent magnets 9 which lie flush against each other (seen in the circumferential direction) and are designed as rare-earth magnets. They are fixed to an iron yoke ring 10 of the rotor 6, wherein the
  • FIG. 9 results in the winding factor of 0.944.
  • Figure 3 shows an inventive embodiment of the wheel hub motor 4 in a simplified detail view. While the stator 5 is formed as described above, and more particularly has fifty-one slots 8 in which the coil 7 is inserted, the number of permanent magnets 9 has been increased to fifty-six (56) permanent magnets 9. For reasons of symmetry, this again results in the winding factor of 0.944. By increasing the number of permanent magnets 9 and the consequent increase in the number of pole pairs, the torque of the wheel hub motor 4 increases in
  • Anchor (or rotor) control range (without field weakening) according to the formula: where N ph corresponds to the number of phases,
  • Z p is the number of poles
  • n the number of windings per wire
  • the magnets 9 are reduced in size and arranged at a spacing from one another in the circumferential direction in order to move the magnet
  • the permanent magnets are so far reduced that the required Demagnetisierfestmaschine the wheel hub motor 4 is ensured in the application to the electric scooter.
  • the difference of the magnetic mass used in comparison to the prior art according to FIG. 2 is preferably 49%.
  • the distance between adjacent magnets is preferably at least twice the designed radial air gap thickness between stator 5 and rotor 6.
  • the tangential distance between the permanent magnet 9, the stray flux between the permanent magnet is given a tangential resistance, which reduces the flux loss approximately to zero and thereby a Reduction of the introduced
  • Magnet amount about the order of the flow losses without tangential distance between the magnets allowed without thereby torque or power of the wheel hub motor 4 can be reduced.
  • the torque curves of the wheel hub motor 4 do not change, or at least not significantly, by the embodiment of the wheel hub motor 4 according to the invention.
  • the wheel hub motor 4 according to the invention has an almost identical torque curve in the operationally relevant range up to approximately 400 rpm. There are no significant differences in efficiency due to the modification.
  • the wheel hub motor 4 according to the invention allows the stator 5 known from the prior art to be equipped with the 51 slots without any change
  • a wheel hub motor 4 is thus in a simple manner created, which has the same performance compared to the prior art, but in particular due to the cost of materials significantly cheaper than previously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheel hub machine, particularly a wheel hub motor (4), particularly for a two-wheeled single track vehicle, the wheel hub machine having a stator (5) and a rotor (6), wherein the stator (5) has at least, particularly precisely, 51 grooves in which an at least two-layer winding (7) is arranged and wherein the rotor (6) has a plurality of permanent magnets (9) arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference. According to the invention the rotor has 56 permanent magnets (9).

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Radnabenmaschine, Einspurfahrzeug  Wheel hub machine, single track vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Radnabenmaschine, insbesondere Radnabenmotor für ein insbesondere zweirädriges Einspurfahrzeug, mit einer elektrischen Maschine, die einen Stator und einen Rotor aufweist, wobei der Stator mindestens, insbesondere genau einen 51 (einundfünfzig) Nuten aufweist, in denen eine mindestens zweilagige Wicklung angeordnet ist, und wobei der Rotor eine Vielzahl von gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt angeordneten The invention relates to a wheel hub machine, in particular wheel hub motor for a particular two-wheeled single-track vehicle, with an electric machine having a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator at least, in particular exactly 51 (fifty-one) grooves, in which an at least two-layer winding is arranged , and wherein the rotor arranged a plurality of evenly distributed over the circumference
Permanentmagneten aufweist. Having permanent magnets.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Einspurfahrzeug mit mindestens zwei Rädern, von denen zumindest eines eine Radnabenmaschine wie zuvor beschrieben aufweist. Furthermore, the invention relates to a single-track vehicle with at least two wheels, of which at least one has a wheel hub machine as described above.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Radnabenmaschinen werden häufig für zweirädrige Einspurfahrzeuge, insbesondere sogenannte Elektroroller, eingesetzt. Bei einer Leistungsklasse bis 2 kW, teilweise auch darüber, werden häufig getriebelose Radnabenmotoren am Hinterrad eines derartigen Einspurfahrzeugs vorgesehen. Dabei handelt es sich in der Regel um permanenterregte, bürstenlose, elektrisch kommutierte Wheel hub machines are often used for two-wheeled single-track vehicles, in particular so-called electric scooters. In a power class up to 2 kW, sometimes even higher, gearless wheel hub motors are often provided on the rear wheel of such a single-track vehicle. These are usually permanent-magnet, brushless, electrically commutated
Synchronmotoren. Typischerweise weisen sie einen achsfesten Stator mit einer hohen Nutzahl auf, in welcher eine Wicklung in zumindest zwei Lagen Synchronous motors. Typically, they have an axle-fixed stator with a high number of slots, in which a winding in at least two layers
angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise weisen derartige Statoren eine Anzahl von 51 (einundfünfzig) Nuten für die Wicklung auf. An dem Rotor ist üblicherweise eine Vielzahl von Permanentmagneten vorgesehen, wobei beispielsweise 46 is arranged. For example, such stators have a number of 51 (fifty-one) slots for the winding. On the rotor, a plurality of permanent magnets is usually provided, wherein, for example, 46
(sechsundvierzig) Permanentmagnete verwendet werden. Die Nuten sowie die Permanentmagnete sind dabei jeweils gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Rotors beziehungsweise Stators verteilt angeordnet. Die Menge an Material für die Permanentmagnete trägt einen hohen Anteil zu den Gesamtkosten einer derartigen Radnabenmaschine bei, insbesondere wenn als Permanentmagnete Seltene-Erde-Magnete verwendet werden. (forty six) permanent magnets are used. The grooves and the permanent magnets are each distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor or stator. The amount of material for the permanent magnets contributes a high proportion to the total cost of a such wheel hub machine, especially when rare earth magnets are used as permanent magnets.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Die Radnabenmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, dass bei gleichbleibendem Stator die Menge an Material, das für die The wheel hub machine with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that, with a constant stator, the amount of material for the
Permanentmagnet verwendet wird, um bis zu 50 % reduziert werden kann, ohne dass das Ausgangsmoment beziehungsweise die Ausgangsleistung der Permanent magnet is used, can be reduced by up to 50%, without the output torque or the output power of the
Radnabenmaschine verringert werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Radnabenmaschine 56 (sechsundfünfzig) Permanentmagnete gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Rotors verteilt angeordnet aufweist. Bei der gegenüber der üblichen Anzahl vergrößerten Anzahl von Permanentmagnete können die Magnete selbst kleiner ausgebildet sein, wodurch insgesamt die Menge an Material für die Magnete verringert wird, trotz gleichbleibender Leistung derWheel hub engine can be reduced. According to the invention, it is provided that the wheel hub machine has 56 (fifty-six) permanent magnets arranged distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor. When compared to the usual number increased number of permanent magnets, the magnets themselves may be made smaller, whereby a total of the amount of material for the magnets is reduced, despite the same power
Radnabenmaschine. Vorzugsweise werden die Permanentmagnete aus Seltene- Erde-Magnetmaterial gefertigt. Da die Anzahl der Nuten am Stator die gleiche bleibt, kann der Stator aus dem Stand der Technik ohne jede Veränderung übernommen werden, was zu weiteren Kostenvorteilen führt. Hub machine. Preferably, the permanent magnets are made of rare earth magnetic material. Since the number of slots on the stator remains the same, the prior art stator can be adopted without any change, resulting in further cost advantages.
Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Permanentmagnete des Rotors in It is preferably provided that the permanent magnets of the rotor in
Umfangsrichtung gesehen beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind. Durch dieses sogenannte Spacing werden die Permanentmagnete nicht bündig, sondern beabstandet zueinander - in Umfangsrichtung gesehen - angeordnet. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Permanentmagneten mindestens das Doppelte der radialen Luftspaltdicke zwischen dem Rotor und dem Stator. Durch den Abstand zwischen den Permanentmagneten zueinander wird dem Streufluss zwischen den Permanentmagneten ein tangentialer Seen circumferentially spaced from each other. By this so-called spacing, the permanent magnets are not flush, but spaced from each other - seen in the circumferential direction - arranged. Preferably, the distance between adjacent permanent magnets is at least twice the radial air gap thickness between the rotor and the stator. Due to the distance between the permanent magnets to each other, the stray flux between the permanent magnet is a tangential
Widerstand entgegengebracht, der die Flussverluste annähernd auf Null reduziert und dadurch eine Verringerung der eingebrachten Magnetmenge ungefähr in der Größenordnung der Flussverluste ohne tangentialen Abstand zwischen den Permanentmagneten erlaubt, ohne dass dadurch das Resistance brought about, which reduces the flux losses approximately to zero, thereby allowing a reduction of the introduced amount of magnet approximately on the order of the flow losses without tangential distance between the permanent magnets, without thereby
Abgabemoment oder die Ausgangsleistung der Radnabenmaschine verringert werden. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die verwendete Menge des Output torque or the output of the wheel hub engine can be reduced. By this measure, the amount of the used
Magnetmaterial um 20 % bis 25 % gegenüber einer Radnabenmaschine mit bündig aneinander anliegenden Permanentmagneten verringert. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Permanentmagnete an einem eisernen Rückschlussring der elektrischen Maschine angeordnet sind. Besonders bevorzugt weist der Rückschlussring Vertiefungen auf, in welche die Permanentmagnete jeweils bereichsweise eingesetzt sind. Magnetic material reduced by 20% to 25% compared to a wheel hub machine with flush-fitting permanent magnet. According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the permanent magnets are arranged on an iron return ring of the electric machine. Particularly preferably, the return ring on recesses, in which the permanent magnets are each used in some areas.
Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Radnabenmaschine als Radnabenmotor ausgebildet ist. It is preferably provided that the wheel hub machine is designed as a hub motor.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Radnabenmaschine als Innenläufermotor beziehungsweise -maschine ausgebildet ist. Zu diesem Zweck weist der Rotor einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Stator auf und ist in dem Stator drehbar gelagert angeordnet. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the wheel hub machine is designed as an internal rotor motor or machine. For this purpose, the rotor has a smaller diameter than the stator and is rotatably mounted in the stator.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Radnabenmaschine als Außenläufermotor According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is preferably provided that the wheel hub machine as an external rotor motor
beziehungsweise -maschine ausgebildet ist. In diesem Fall weist der Stator einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Rotor auf, sodass der Stator innerhalb des Rotors angeordnet ist und der Rotor um den Stator herum verdrehbar gelagert ist. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Rotor als Felge für ein Rad eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere Einspurfahrzeug, ausgebildet ist. Dadurch übernimmt der Rotor zwei Funktionen gleichzeitig, sodass sich die Radnabenmaschine besonders bauraumsparend an dem Fahrzeug, or machine is formed. In this case, the stator has a smaller diameter than the rotor, so that the stator is disposed within the rotor and the rotor is rotatably mounted around the stator. In this embodiment, it is particularly preferably provided that the rotor is designed as a rim for a wheel of a vehicle, in particular single-track vehicle. As a result, the rotor takes on two functions at the same time, so that the wheel hub machine saves space on the vehicle,
insbesondere Einspurfahrzeug, vorsehen lässt. especially one-track vehicle, can be provided.
Das erfindungsgemäße Einspurfahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 zeichnet sich durch eine Radnabenmaschine, wie sie obenstehend beschrieben wurde, aus. Es ergeben sich hierdurch die bereits genannten Vorteile. The single-track vehicle according to the invention with the features of claim 7 is characterized by a wheel hub machine, as described above from. This results in the already mentioned advantages.
Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Dazu zeigen In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show this
Figur 1 einen Radnabenmotor in einer Draufsicht, 1 shows a wheel hub motor in a plan view,
Figur 2 den Radnabenmotor in einer vereinfachten Detaildarstellung und Figur 3 den Radnabenmotor gemäß einem erfindungsgemäßen Figure 2 shows the wheel hub motor in a simplified detail and Figure 3 shows the wheel hub motor according to an inventive
Ausführungsbeispiel in einer vereinfachten Detaildarstellung. Figur 1 zeigt in einer Draufsicht eine Radeinheit 1 für ein zweirädriges  Embodiment in a simplified detail. Figure 1 shows a plan view of a wheel unit 1 for a two-wheeled
Einspurfahrzeug, das als Elektroroller ausgebildet ist. Die Radeinheit 1 kann sowohl als Vorderrad- als auch als Hinterradeinheit eingesetzt werden. Die Radeinheit 1 weist einen Reifen 2 auf, eine Felge 3 sowie einen Radnabenmotor 4. Der Reifen 2 ist fest auf der Felge 3 angeordnet und der Radnabenmotor 4 ist im Wesentlichen in der Felge 3 angeordnet. Der Radnabenmotor weist dazu einen Stator 5 auf, der achsfest angeordnet beziehungsweise anordenbar ist. Weiterhin weist der Radnabenmotor 4 einen Rotor 6 auf, der einen größeren Durchmesser als der Stator 5 aufweist und koaxial zum Stator 5 angeordnet ist, sodass der Stator 5 vollständig innerhalb des Rotors 6 angeordnet ist. Gemäß dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel bildet der Rotor 6 gleichzeitig die Felge 3. Single-track vehicle designed as an electric scooter. The wheel unit 1 can be used both as a front wheel and as a rear wheel unit. The wheel unit 1 comprises a tire 2, a rim 3 and a wheel hub motor 4. The tire 2 is fixedly arranged on the rim 3 and the wheel hub motor 4 is arranged substantially in the rim 3. The wheel hub motor has for this purpose a stator 5, which is arranged fixed or can be arranged axially fixed. Furthermore, the wheel hub motor 4 has a rotor 6 which has a larger diameter than the stator 5 and is arranged coaxially with the stator 5, so that the stator 5 is arranged completely inside the rotor 6. According to the present embodiment, the rotor 6 simultaneously forms the rim 3.
Der Radnabenmotor 4 ist somit als Außenläufermaschine 1 1 ausgebildet. The wheel hub motor 4 is thus formed as an external rotor machine 1 1.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Detailansicht des Radnabenmotors 4, wie er bekanntermaßen gebaut wird. Der Stator 5 weist eine Statorwicklung 7 auf, die in Nuten 8 des Stators 5 eingebracht ist. Insgesamt weist der Stator 5 einundfünfzig (51 ) Nuten auf, die an seiner Mantelaußenfläche ausgebildet sind. In den Nuten 8 liegt die Wicklung 7 zumindest zweilagig ein. Bei der Wicklung 7 handelt es sich zweckmäßigerweise um eine zweilagige Einzelzahnwicklung und weist einen Wickelfaktor von 0,944 auf. Der Radnabenmotor 4 ist als Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the wheel hub motor 4, as it is known to be built. The stator 5 has a stator winding 7, which is inserted in grooves 8 of the stator 5. In total, the stator 5 has fifty-one (51) grooves formed on its shell outer surface. In the grooves 8, the winding 7 is at least two layers. The winding 7 is expediently a two-layer single-tooth winding and has a winding factor of 0.944. The wheel hub motor 4 is as
permanentmagneterregter, bürstenloser, elektrisch kommutierender permanent magnet excited, brushless, electrically commutating
Synchronmotor ausgebildet.  Synchronous motor formed.
Der Rotor 6 weist an seiner Mantelinnenseite sechsundvierzig (46) The rotor 6 has forty-six (46) on its inside
Permanentmagnete 9 auf, die bündig aneinander anliegen (in Umfangsrichtung gesehen) und als Seltene-Erde-Magnete ausgebildet sind. Sie sind an einem eisernen Rückschlussring 10 des Rotors 6 fest angeordnet, wobei die Permanent magnets 9 which lie flush against each other (seen in the circumferential direction) and are designed as rare-earth magnets. They are fixed to an iron yoke ring 10 of the rotor 6, wherein the
verwendete Menge gemäß dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel 450 g used amount according to the present embodiment 450 g
Magnetmaterial aufweist. Diese Menge an Seltene-Erde-Magnetmaterial trägt den höchsten Anteil zu den Gesamtkosten des Radnabenmotors 4 bei. Aus der Anzahl der einundfünfzig Nuten 8 sowie der sechsundvierzig PermanentmagneteMagnetic material. This amount of rare earth magnetic material contributes the highest proportion to the overall cost of the wheel hub motor 4. From the number of fifty-one slots 8 and forty-six permanent magnets
9 ergibt sich der Wickelfaktor von 0,944. Figur 3 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel des Radnabenmotors 4 in einer vereinfachten Detailansicht. Während der Stator 5 wie zuvor beschrieben ausgebildet ist und insbesondere einundfünfzig Nuten 8 aufweist, in welchen die Wicklung 7 einliegt, wurde die Anzahl der Permanentmagnete 9 auf sechsundfünfzig (56) Permanentmagnete 9 erhöht. Aus Symmetriegründen ergibt sich hierbei wiederum der Wickelfaktor von 0,944. Durch die Erhöhung der Anzahl der Permanentmagnete 9 und die daraus folgende Erhöhung der Polpaarzahl erhöht sich das Drehmoment des Radnabenmotors 4 im 9 results in the winding factor of 0.944. Figure 3 shows an inventive embodiment of the wheel hub motor 4 in a simplified detail view. While the stator 5 is formed as described above, and more particularly has fifty-one slots 8 in which the coil 7 is inserted, the number of permanent magnets 9 has been increased to fifty-six (56) permanent magnets 9. For reasons of symmetry, this again results in the winding factor of 0.944. By increasing the number of permanent magnets 9 and the consequent increase in the number of pole pairs, the torque of the wheel hub motor 4 increases in
Anker(beziehungsweise Rotor-)Stellbereich (ohne Feldschwächung) gemäß der Formel:
Figure imgf000007_0001
wobei Nph der Anzahl der Phasen entspricht, Anchor (or rotor) control range (without field weakening) according to the formula:
Figure imgf000007_0001
where N ph corresponds to the number of phases,
Zp der Anzahl der Pole, Z p is the number of poles,
kd dem Windungsverteilungsfaktor, k d the winding distribution factor,
kp dem Windungssteigungsfaktor, k p the winding slope factor,
ks dem Schrägungsfaktor, k s the skew factor,
Bgap.av dem durchschnittlichen Luftspalt-Feld,  Bgap.av the average air gap field,
L der Motorlänge,  L of the motor length,
Rro dem Rotorradius, R ro the rotor radius,
Nsipp der Anzahl der Nuten pro Pol, N s ipp of the number of grooves per pole,
ns der Anzahl der Wicklungen pro Draht und n s the number of windings per wire and
IRMS dem Phasenstrom.  IRMS the phase current.
Obwohl eine Topologie mit einundfünfzig Nuten und fünfzig Permanentmagneten einen geringfügig höheren Wickelfaktor aufweist, wird diese nicht bevorzugt, da die Erhöhung der Polpaarzahl nicht ausreichend wäre, um dadurch eine Although a topology having fifty-one grooves and fifty permanent magnets has a slightly higher winding factor, it is not preferred because increasing the number of pole pairs would not be sufficient to provide a
Erhöhung des Motorgrundmoments und eine entsprechende Reduzierung der Magnetmasse herbeizuführen. Zudem wäre eine Topologie, bei der sich Increase of the basic engine torque and a corresponding reduction of the magnetic mass. In addition, a topology would be in itself
Zähnezahl und Magnetzahl nur um eins unterscheiden, nicht frei von radialen resultierenden Kräften, die sich in einer nachteiligen akustischen Anregung des Radnabenmotors 4 auswirken würden. Eine höhere Anzahl von Nuten 8 und damit von Statorzähnen ist zwar grundsätzlich möglich, jedoch erhöht diese die Taktzeit beim Wickeln der Wicklung 7 und erhöht gleichzeitig die Anforderung an den Wickelprozess selbst bezüglich der zu erreichenden Kupferfüllfaktoren. Zudem verringert die damit grundsätzlich einhergehende Erhöhung der Stator-Induktivität die Number of teeth and Magnetahl differ only by one, not free of radial resulting forces that would affect a disadvantageous acoustic excitation of the wheel hub motor 4. Although a higher number of grooves 8 and thus stator teeth is possible in principle, but this increases the cycle time when winding the winding 7 and at the same time increases the demand on the winding process itself with respect to the Kupferfüllfaktoren to be achieved. In addition, the inherent increase in the stator inductance reduces this
Freilaufdrehzahl, was durch Anpassung der Wicklung 7 wiederum kompensiert werden muss, wodurch der Drehmomentgewinn wieder verloren geht.  Freewheel speed, which in turn must be compensated by adjusting the winding 7, whereby the torque gain is lost again.
Wie aus Figur 3 ersichtlich, werden darüber hinaus die Magnete 9 verkleinert und in Umfangsrichtung gesehen beabstandet zueinander angeordnet, um denAs can be seen from FIG. 3, moreover, the magnets 9 are reduced in size and arranged at a spacing from one another in the circumferential direction in order to move the magnet
Luftspaltfluss abzugleichen. Die Permanentmagnete werden derart weit verkleinert, dass die erforderliche Entmagnetisierfestigkeit des Radnabenmotors 4 in der Anwendung beim Elektroroller gewährleistet bleibt. Der Unterschied der verwendeten Magnetmasse im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik gemäß Figur 2 beträgt bevorzugt 49 %. Der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Magneten beträgt bevorzugt mindestens das Doppelte der ausgelegten radialen Luftspaltdicke zwischen Stator 5 und Rotor 6. Durch den tangentialen Abstand zwischen dem Permanentmagneten 9 wird dem Streufluss zwischen dem Permanentmagneten ein tangentialer Widerstand entgegengebracht, der den Flussverlust annähernd auf Null reduziert und dadurch eine Verringerung der eingebrachten Align air gap flow. The permanent magnets are so far reduced that the required Demagnetisierfestigkeit the wheel hub motor 4 is ensured in the application to the electric scooter. The difference of the magnetic mass used in comparison to the prior art according to FIG. 2 is preferably 49%. The distance between adjacent magnets is preferably at least twice the designed radial air gap thickness between stator 5 and rotor 6. The tangential distance between the permanent magnet 9, the stray flux between the permanent magnet is given a tangential resistance, which reduces the flux loss approximately to zero and thereby a Reduction of the introduced
Magnetmenge ungefähr in der Größenordnung der Flussverluste ohne tangentialen Abstand zwischen den Magneten erlaubt, ohne dass dadurch Drehmoment oder Leistung des Radnabenmotors 4 verringert werden. Die Drehmomentverläufe des Radnabenmotors 4 verändern sich durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform des Radnabenmotors 4 nicht, oder zumindest nicht wesentlich. Trotz erheblich verminderter Magnetmasse um fast die Hälfte weist der erfindungsgemäße Radnabenmotor 4 im betriebsrelevanten Bereich bis cirka 400 U/min einen fast identischen Drehmomentverlauf auf. Für den Wirkungsgrad ergeben sich durch die Modifikation ebenfalls keine signifikanten Unterschiede.  Magnet amount about the order of the flow losses without tangential distance between the magnets allowed without thereby torque or power of the wheel hub motor 4 can be reduced. The torque curves of the wheel hub motor 4 do not change, or at least not significantly, by the embodiment of the wheel hub motor 4 according to the invention. Despite substantially reduced magnetic mass by almost half, the wheel hub motor 4 according to the invention has an almost identical torque curve in the operationally relevant range up to approximately 400 rpm. There are no significant differences in efficiency due to the modification.
Der erfindungsgemäße Radnabenmotor 4 erlaubt, dass der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Stator 5 mit den 51 Nuten ohne jede Veränderung The wheel hub motor 4 according to the invention allows the stator 5 known from the prior art to be equipped with the 51 slots without any change
übernommen werden kann und der Montageprozess nicht geändert werden muss. Insgesamt wird somit auf einfache Art und Weise ein Radnabenmotor 4 geschaffen, der im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik die gleiche Leistung aufweist, jedoch insbesondere aufgrund der Materialkosten deutlich kostengünstiger ausfällt als bisher. can be adopted and the assembly process does not need to be changed. Overall, a wheel hub motor 4 is thus in a simple manner created, which has the same performance compared to the prior art, but in particular due to the cost of materials significantly cheaper than previously.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Radnabenmaschine, insbesondere Radnabenmotor (4) für ein insbesondere zweirädriges Einspurfahrzeug, mit einem Stator (5) und einem Rotor (6), wobei der Stator (5) mindestens 51 - insbesondere genau 51 - Nuten (8) aufweist, in denen eine mindestens zweilagige Wicklung (7) angeordnet ist, und wobei der Rotor (6) eine Vielzahl von gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilt angeordneten Permanentmagneten (9) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotor 56 Permanentmagnete (9) aufweist. 1 . Wheel hub motor, in particular wheel hub motor (4) for a particular two-wheeled single-track vehicle, with a stator (5) and a rotor (6), wherein the stator (5) at least 51 - in particular exactly 51 - grooves (8), in which one at least two-ply Winding (7) is arranged, and wherein the rotor (6) has a plurality of uniformly distributed over the circumference arranged permanent magnet (9), characterized in that the rotor 56 permanent magnets (9).
2. Radnabenmaschine nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Permanentmagnete (9) in Umfangsrichtung gesehen beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind. 2. wheel hub machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets (9) are arranged in the circumferential direction spaced from each other.
3. Radnabenmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand zwischen den Permanentmagneten (9) in Umfangsrichtung mindestens doppelt so groß ist, wie der radiale Luftspalt zwischen dem Rotors (6)und dem Stator (5). 3. Wheel hub machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the permanent magnets (9) in the circumferential direction is at least twice as large as the radial air gap between the rotor (6) and the stator (5).
4. Radnabenmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Permanentmagnete (9) an einem eisernen Rückschlussring (10) des Rotors (6) angeordnet sind. 4. Wheel hub machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets (9) on an iron return ring (10) of the rotor (6) are arranged.
5. Radnabenmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Radnabenmaschine als Radnabenmotor (4) ausgebildet ist. 5. Wheel hub machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel hub machine is designed as a wheel hub motor (4).
6. Radnabenmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Radnabenmaschine als Innenläufermaschine ausgebildet ist. 6. Wheel hub machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel hub machine is designed as an internal rotor machine.
7. Radnabenmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Radnabenmaschine als Außenläufermaschine (1 1 ) ausgebildet ist, wobei insbesondere der Rotor (6) als Felge (3) ausgebildet ist. 7. Wheel hub machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wheel hub machine is designed as an external rotor machine (1 1), wherein in particular the rotor (6) is designed as a rim (3).
8. Radnabenmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der eiserne Rückschlussring (10) des Rotors (6) als Felge (3) ausgebildet ist. 8. Wheel hub machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the iron return ring (10) of the rotor (6) is designed as a rim (3).
9. Fahrzeug, insbesondere Einspurfahrzeug, mit mindestens zwei Rädern, wobei wenigstens einem der Räder eine Radnabenmaschine nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zugeordnet ist. 9. vehicle, in particular single-track vehicle, with at least two wheels, wherein at least one of the wheels is associated with a wheel hub machine according to one or more of the preceding claims.
PCT/EP2013/070793 2012-12-06 2013-10-07 Wheel hub machine, single track vehicle WO2014086514A2 (en)

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