WO2014086442A1 - Installation de climatisation de véhicule - Google Patents
Installation de climatisation de véhicule Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014086442A1 WO2014086442A1 PCT/EP2013/003182 EP2013003182W WO2014086442A1 WO 2014086442 A1 WO2014086442 A1 WO 2014086442A1 EP 2013003182 W EP2013003182 W EP 2013003182W WO 2014086442 A1 WO2014086442 A1 WO 2014086442A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coolant
- circuit
- subcooler
- refrigerant
- condenser
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00885—Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioning system having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- a refrigerant circuit that is, a heat pump cycle, which can be shortened referred to as a heat pump.
- a heat pump cycle ie a refrigerant circuit, includes a
- Refrigerant compressor in which a gaseous refrigerant is compressed to increase the temperature therein.
- the heat introduced into the refrigerant by means of the refrigerant compressor can be withdrawn from the refrigerant by condensing the refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant can now be evaporated again with the help of an evaporator, whereby the refrigerant Heat is supplied.
- the vaporized refrigerant then returns to the refrigerant compressor.
- the heat can be transferred by means of the evaporator from a first system to the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit.
- this heat can be brought to a higher temperature level with relatively little effort.
- the heat of the refrigerant can then be transferred to a second system via the condenser. Since with the help of the heat pump, the temperature level between the first system and the second system can be changed, it is ultimately possible, for. B. supply waste heat from a first system in a second system to a higher temperature. Compared to the heat obtained in the second system, the cost of the refrigerant compressor is low.
- the coefficient called CoP as the ratio of heat received in the second system, to
- an air conditioning system for a motor vehicle which comprises a refrigerant circuit and a coolant circuit.
- the refrigerant circuit circulates a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant circuit has a refrigerant compressor and a
- Coolant circuit has a coolant pump and a heating heat exchanger for heating a Schubuchstroms. Furthermore, the refrigerant circuit and the coolant circuit are thermally coupled to one another via the condensation device. In other words, the refrigerant circuit or the refrigerant can transfer heat to the coolant circuit or to the coolant via the condensation device.
- the refrigerant circuit or the refrigerant can transfer heat to the coolant circuit or to the coolant via the condensation device.
- Vehicle air conditioning system is the condensation device as one piece
- Condenser divided into three components, namely a desuperheater, a condenser and a subcooler. With respect to the flow direction of the refrigerant, the condenser is downstream of the desuperheater and upstream of the subcooler in the
- Refrigerant circuit arranged.
- a heat storage of the building heating is thermally coupled via a first transmission circuit with the desuperheater and via a separate second transmission circuit with the
- a third separate transmission circle is according to Art a series circuit with the subcooler and the evaporator thermally coupled.
- a heat source heat exchanger is also arranged to the respective heat source, for. B. ambient air to be able to withdraw energy.
- Vehicle air conditioning system the two circuits are thermally coupled to one another via an evaporator of the refrigerant circuit.
- the present invention deals with the problem for a
- Vehicle air conditioning system to provide an improved embodiment, which is characterized in particular by an increased energy efficiency.
- the invention is based on the general idea of subdividing the condensation device into three components, namely a desuperheater, a condenser and a subcooler, wherein the coolant circuit is thermally coupled to all three components. Due to the subdivision of the condensation device in the desuperheater, the condenser and the subcooler, the three components can each be optimally for the volume flows occurring in the respective application and
- the desuperheater can be optimized so that as much sensitive heat as possible can be removed from the gaseous refrigerant.
- a refrigeration circuit side piping is on the comparatively large
- the capacitor may be optimized for a latent heat output.
- the cooling circuit side piping can take into account a reduction of the volume flow of the incoming gaseous refrigerant to the exiting liquid refrigerant.
- the subcooler can be optimized for delivering sensible heat from the liquid refrigerant.
- the cooling-circuit side piping is adapted to the comparatively small volume flows of the liquid refrigerant.
- the cooling circuit is thermally coupled both to the heater and the condenser and to the subcooler. As a result, heat can be supplied to the coolant in three stages, as a result of which the heat transfer between the two circuits via the condensation device can be realized particularly efficiently.
- an interconnection for the fluidic coupling of the coolant circuit with the condensation device between a Walkerschalt too and a cooling switching position can be switched.
- Switch positions differ by different fluidic couplings of the coolant circuit with the desuperheater, the condenser and the subcooler. In this way, can be set for the heat transfer to the coolant circuit at least two different operating conditions, namely with the Schuschalt too one hand, and with the cooling switch position on the other. In this way, the vehicle air conditioning system presented here for these two different operating conditions, namely with the Schuschalt too one hand, and with the cooling switch position on the other. In this way, the vehicle air conditioning system presented here for these two different
- connection encompasses the line elements leading to the respective fluidic coupling, such as lines, tubes and channels.
- the interconnection can lead the coolant circuit in the Schuschalt ein successively through the subcooler, the condenser and the desuperheater, so that in the heating operation of the air conditioning system of the subcooler, the condenser and the desuperheater are flowed through by the coolant in succession.
- the interconnection can lead the coolant circuit in the cooling switch position parallel through the subcooler, the condenser and the desuperheater, so that in the cooling mode of the air conditioning system of the subcooler, the
- Coolant circuit causes, can be set a particularly high volume flow in the coolant, whereby an increased amount of heat can be dissipated through the coolant circuit. As a result, a corresponding amount of heat can be withdrawn with the aid of the refrigerant circuit of a heat source to be cooled in cooling operation in order to effect efficient cooling there.
- the heat source may be, for example, a main battery of an electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle.
- power electronics or a drive motor can serve as a heat source in such a vehicle.
- a heat exchanger for cooling a cooling air flow the one
- Passenger compartment is supplied to form a heat source.
- the interconnection in a first connecting line fluidically connecting the subcooler to the condenser may include a nonreturn stop valve which blocks in the heating switched position and in which
- Cooling switch position opens.
- the check valve is so in the first
- the interconnection in a condenser to the desuperheater fluidly connecting the second connecting line may include a controllable shut-off valve which is locked in the Schuschaltwolf and open in the cooling switching position.
- a controller for switching the interconnection between the Schuschalt too and the cooling switching position provided be.
- This control is coupled to the coolant pump, so that the controller can control the coolant pump to the pumped by the coolant pump
- volume flow of the coolant to change or adjust. Furthermore, the
- Control suitably programmed and / or configured so that it controls the coolant pump for setting a smaller volume flow in the Schuschaltgnagna than in the cooling switch position.
- the components of the condensation device are expediently optimized for the Schuschaltgnagna, so that in the then existing series circuit, a predetermined volume flow in the coolant can be realized, which ensures sufficient heat absorption in the coolant.
- the aim here is the highest possible temperature in the coolant in order to achieve the heating of the heating air flow as efficiently as possible in the heating heat exchanger. In the cooling switch position, however, can be due to the parallel arrangement of the components of the
- Condenser realize a significantly higher volume flow in the coolant, which is achieved by a corresponding control of the coolant pump, so that ultimately can be transmitted to the coolant and discharged over the high volume flow comparatively much heat.
- the coolant circuit can have a controllable bypass which bypasses the heating heat exchanger and which is open at least in the cooling switched position and is locked at least in the heating switched position.
- an electric heater may be arranged in the coolant circuit, with respect to the flow direction of the
- Coolant is arranged in the coolant circuit upstream of the heating heat exchanger.
- the heater is in the coolant circuit between the
- Heating heat exchanger and the coolant pump With the help of the auxiliary heater can, if necessary In addition, heat is introduced into the coolant, if the over the
- Heat supplied to the refrigerant circuit should not be sufficient to effect the desired heating of the heating air flow.
- Fig. 1 is a greatly simplified schematic diagram of a schematic
- FIG. 2 shows an illustration as in FIG. 1, but during a cooling operation.
- a vehicle air-conditioning installation comprises a coolant circuit 2 and a coolant circuit 3.
- a coolant circulates in the coolant circuit 2.
- the refrigerant circuit 2 includes a refrigerant compressor 4 and a condensation device 5, which is arranged downstream of the refrigerant compressor 4 in the refrigerant circuit 2 with respect to a flow direction 6 of the refrigerant, which is indicated by arrows in the figures.
- the refrigerant circuit 2 also has a conventional evaporator, not shown here, which is coupled to a heat source to evaporate the refrigerant. Said evaporator is in the refrigerant circuit 2 between the
- Condenser 5 and the refrigerant compressor 4 is arranged downstream of the condensation device 5 and upstream of the evaporator usually a throttle device, not shown here, is present, against which the
- the coolant circuit 3 contains a coolant pump 7 for driving the coolant, wherein a flow direction 8 indicated by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2 is established for the coolant. Further, the coolant circuit 3 includes a.
- Heating heat exchanger 9 by means of which a Walkerluftstrom 10 can be heated, with which the heating heat exchanger 9 can be acted upon.
- This Schubuchstrom 10 is indicated in Figure 1 by arrows and can be supplied, for example, a passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the refrigerant circuit 2 and the coolant circuit 3 are thermally coupled to one another via the condensation device 5. Accordingly, the condensation device 5 is also integrated in the coolant circuit 3.
- the condensation device 5 is divided in terms of their heat transfer function into three components, namely a desuperheater 11, a condenser 12 and a subcooler 13.
- these three components 11, 12, 13 are arranged in series, such that first the desuperheater 11 is flowed through in that then the condenser 12 is flowed through and finally the subcooler 13 is flowed through.
- the coolant circuit 3 is now thermally coupled with all three components 11, 12, 13.
- this interconnection 14 comprises a first desalting line 15, which supplies an inlet of the coolant to the
- Desuperheater 11 represents a second dewatering line 16, which represents a drain of the coolant from the desuperheater 11. Furthermore, a first subcooler line 17, which represents an inlet to the subcooler 13 for the coolant, and a second subcooler line 18, which represents an outflow from the subcooler 13 for the coolant, are provided. Furthermore, a first capacitor line 19 and a second capacitor line 20 are provided, which also serve as inlet and outlet for the coolant to the condenser 12 and the condenser 12. Furthermore, the interconnection 14 comprises a first inlet 21 and a second inlet 22 which are in fluid communication with the first desuperheater conduit 15, the first subcooler conduit 17 and the first condenser conduit 19. Furthermore, the interconnection 14 has an outlet 23 which communicates with the second desalting line 16, the second subcooler line 18 and the second
- Capacitor line 20 is fluidly connected.
- a first connection line 24 fluidly connects on an inlet side having the inlets 21, 22
- a second connecting line 25 fluidly connects the desuperheater 11 to the condenser 12 on an outlet side having the outlet 23.
- a third connecting line 26 is again arranged on the inlet side and fluidically connects the condenser 12 to the desuperheater 11.
- a Fourth connection line 27 is arranged on the outlet side and fluidly connects the subcooler 13 to the condenser 12. More specifically, the first one connects
- Connecting line 24 the first capacitor line 19 with the first subcooler line 17.
- the second connecting line 25 connects the second Enthitzertechnisch 16 with the second capacitor line 20.
- the third connecting line 26 connects the first Enthitzertechnisch 5 with the first capacitor line 19.
- the fourth connecting line 27 connects the second subcooler line 18 with the second capacitor line 20th
- the interconnection 14 is switchable between a Walkerschaltwolf shown in Figure 1 and a cooling switch position shown in Figure 2.
- the two switching positions differ from each other by different fluidic couplings of the coolant circuit 3 with the individual components 11, 12, 13 of the
- Coolant circuit 3 successively through the subcooler 13, the condenser 12 and the desuperheater 11.
- Flow direction 8 of the coolant is the capacitor 12 upstream of the
- Condenser 5 sets a flow according to the countercurrent principle. In this heating operation, a comparatively high end temperature can be achieved at the outlet 23 for the cooling medium. As a result, the heating air flow 10 can be heated in the heating heat exchanger 9 with high efficiency.
- Coolant circuit 3 in this case in parallel through the subcooler 13, the condenser 12 and the desuperheater 11.
- the subcooler 13 the condenser 12 and the desuperheater 11 are flowed through in parallel by the coolant.
- This parallel flow allows a comparatively large volume flow in the coolant, whereby in cooling operation comparatively much heat from Refrigeration circuit 2 can be transferred to the cooling circuit 3.
- a corresponding amount of heat can thus be delivered to an environment of the vehicle via an ambient heat exchanger thermally coupled to the coolant circuit 3.
- Components 11, 12, 13 are flowed through in series by the refrigerant.
- the coolant circuit 3 can in particular for cooling a main battery or
- the coolant circuit can cool a power electronics and / or a drive motor of the vehicle.
- the coolant circuit 3 has a corresponding thermal coupling to the components of the vehicle, which are not shown here. Further, in the coolant circuit 3 a here also not shown cooler, so a heat exchanger may be arranged, which can be acted upon by an ambient air flow to transfer heat from the coolant to the environment and thus to cool the coolant.
- the outlet 23 is connected via a line 29, in which the coolant pump 7 and the heating heat exchanger 9 are arranged, to a return 30 of the coolant circuit 3, which leads in particular to the above-mentioned radiator.
- a return line 31 which is connected downstream of the heating heat exchanger 9 to the line 29 and leads bypassing the return line 30 to the second inlet 22 of the interconnection 14.
- This return line 31 can be opened and closed by means of a switching valve 32, which is arranged in the return line 31 for this purpose.
- a switching valve 32 which is arranged in the return line 31 for this purpose.
- another switching valve 33 is provided in order to block the return 30 for this case.
- open return line 31 is a self-contained circle for the Circulation of the coolant created, which is virtually decoupled from the flow 28 and the return 30.
- the coolant flows in the heating mode of the
- Coolant pump 7 through the heating heat exchanger 9, through the return line 31 to the second inlet 22. From there, the coolant flows through the first subcooler 17 to the subcooler 13, through the second subcooler 18, the fourth
- Non-return valve 34 can be flowed through and the check valve 35 is opened, while the return line 31 is locked at the same time.
- the coolant then flows from the flow 28 to the first inlet 21, from where it flows via the first desalting line 15 to the desuperheater 11 and via the third connecting line 26 and the first condenser line 12 to the condenser 12 and via the first connecting line 24 and the first
- Subcooler 17 to the subcooler 13 passes. After the three components 11, 12, 13, the second subcooler line 18, the second capacitor line 20 and the second dewatering line 16 via the fourth connecting line 27 and the second
- Cooling operation generates a larger volume flow in the coolant than in heating mode.
- the increased volume flow is possible by the parallel arrangement of the three components 11, 12, 13 in the coolant circuit 3 and leads to a higher heat transfer to the coolant circuit 3.
- a controller 36th In order to control the coolant pump 7 and the controllable actuators of the coolant circuit 3 accordingly, is a controller 36th
- Coolant circuit 3 is connected. However, corresponding control lines are not shown here for the sake of clarity.
- the coolant circuit 3 may have a bypass 37 which bypasses the heating heat exchanger 9 and with the aid of another
- Control valve 38 can be controlled. In particular, in the cooling operation shown in Figure 2, the bypass 37 is opened, so that no flow through the
- Heating heat exchanger 9 takes place. Further, according to Figures 1 and 2, in the refrigerant circuit 2 between the condenser 12 and the subcooler 13, a refrigerant collector 39 may be arranged, intercepted in the gaseous refrigerant and excess liquid refrigerant can be stored. Alternatively, it is also possible in principle, the
- Refrigerant collector 39 to be integrated into the condenser 12.
- an electric heater 40 is additionally arranged in the coolant circuit 3.
- the heater 40 is doing with respect to
- Heating heat exchanger 9 arranged.
- the bypass 37 is positioned here so that it also bypasses the heater 40.
- the bypass 37 is the input side between the
- Coolant pump 7 and the heater 40 to the coolant circuit 3 and connected to the line 29.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne une installation de climatisation de véhicule (1), notamment d'un véhicule hybride ou d'un véhicule électrique. L'installation comprend un circuit de fluide frigorigène (2) dans lequel circule un fluide frigorigène et qui comporte un compresseur de fluide frigorigène (4) et un dispositif de condensation (5). L'installation comporte également un circuit de fluide refroidisseur (3) dans lequel circule un fluide refroidisseur et qui comporte une pompe de fluide refroidisseur (7) et un échangeur de chaleur de chauffage (9) destiné à chauffer un courant d'air chaud (10). Le circuit de fluide frigorigène (2) et le circuit de fluide refroidisseur (3) sont couplés thermiquement l'un à l'autre par le dispositif de condensation (5). Une efficacité améliorée est obtenue lorsque le dispositif de condensation (5) comporte un désurchauffeur (11), un condenseur (12) et un sous-refroidisseur (13) lorsque le condensateur (12) est disposé en aval du désurchauffeur (11) et en amont du sous-refroidisseur (13) par référence à un sens d'écoulement (6) du fluide frigorigène dans le circuit de fluide frigorigène (2) et lorsque le circuit de fluide refroidisseur (3) est couplé thermiquement au désurchauffeur (11), au condensateur (12) et au sous-refroidisseur (13).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012023823.1A DE102012023823A1 (de) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | Fahrzeugklimatisierungsanlage |
DE102012023823.1 | 2012-12-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014086442A1 true WO2014086442A1 (fr) | 2014-06-12 |
Family
ID=49488546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2013/003182 WO2014086442A1 (fr) | 2012-12-05 | 2013-10-22 | Installation de climatisation de véhicule |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102012023823A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014086442A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105172517A (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-23 | 吉林大学 | 一种汽车空调控制系统 |
CN113167508A (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-07-23 | 伊派特罗尼克有限责任两合公司 | 具有多个冷凝器之间的压力均衡的制冷剂回路 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016204097A1 (de) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Batteriesystem, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Batteriesystems und Kraftfahrzeug |
Citations (5)
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WO2004020918A1 (fr) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-11 | Bms-Energietechnik Ag | Evaporateur a deux etages a sous-refroidissement de fluide et surchauffe de vapeur d'aspiration integres dans une installation modulaire regulee en frequence |
DE202008002015U1 (de) * | 2008-01-31 | 2008-05-29 | Meister, Remo | Modulare klimatechnische Anlage |
FR2936445A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-01 | 2010-04-02 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Systeme de chauffage et climatisation ameliore pour vehicule automobile |
DE102008043823B4 (de) * | 2008-11-18 | 2011-05-12 | WESKA Kälteanlagen GmbH | Wärmepumpenanlage |
DE102010051976A1 (de) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-06-06 | Audi Ag | Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3834387A1 (de) | 1988-10-10 | 1990-04-12 | Happel Gmbh & Co | Einrichtung zum heizen und kuehlen des innenraumes von kraftfahrzeugen, insbesondere von bussen |
DE10141389B4 (de) | 2001-08-20 | 2005-09-22 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Dearborn | Kombinationswärmeübertrager für den Kühlmittelkreislauf eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
-
2012
- 2012-12-05 DE DE102012023823.1A patent/DE102012023823A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-10-22 WO PCT/EP2013/003182 patent/WO2014086442A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004020918A1 (fr) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-11 | Bms-Energietechnik Ag | Evaporateur a deux etages a sous-refroidissement de fluide et surchauffe de vapeur d'aspiration integres dans une installation modulaire regulee en frequence |
DE202008002015U1 (de) * | 2008-01-31 | 2008-05-29 | Meister, Remo | Modulare klimatechnische Anlage |
FR2936445A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-01 | 2010-04-02 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Systeme de chauffage et climatisation ameliore pour vehicule automobile |
DE102008043823B4 (de) * | 2008-11-18 | 2011-05-12 | WESKA Kälteanlagen GmbH | Wärmepumpenanlage |
DE102010051976A1 (de) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-06-06 | Audi Ag | Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105172517A (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-23 | 吉林大学 | 一种汽车空调控制系统 |
CN113167508A (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-07-23 | 伊派特罗尼克有限责任两合公司 | 具有多个冷凝器之间的压力均衡的制冷剂回路 |
US12109870B2 (en) | 2018-10-19 | 2024-10-08 | Ipetronik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Refrigeration circuit with pressure equalization between multiple condensers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102012023823A1 (de) | 2014-06-05 |
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