WO2014080331A2 - Appareil et procédé permettant le traitement d'un déchet gazeux - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé permettant le traitement d'un déchet gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014080331A2
WO2014080331A2 PCT/IB2013/060212 IB2013060212W WO2014080331A2 WO 2014080331 A2 WO2014080331 A2 WO 2014080331A2 IB 2013060212 W IB2013060212 W IB 2013060212W WO 2014080331 A2 WO2014080331 A2 WO 2014080331A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
air
primary fuel
fuel
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/060212
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2014080331A3 (fr
Inventor
Mark Christian Marshall BOOTH
Ilia NOVIKOV
Original Assignee
Booth Mark Christian Marshall
Novikov Ilia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Booth Mark Christian Marshall, Novikov Ilia filed Critical Booth Mark Christian Marshall
Publication of WO2014080331A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014080331A2/fr
Publication of WO2014080331A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014080331A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for the treatment of gaseous waste, ore particularly, but not exclusively, this invention relates to an apparatus and method for the treatment of gaseous waste resulting from processes (for the treatment of carbonaceous waste) such as municipal solid waste treatment, industrial waste treatment, food waste treatment, bio waste treatment, wood waste treatment, medical waste treatment, coal waste treatment or tyre waste treatment processes.
  • thermal treatment or combustion of carbonaceous material feedstock there are various methods for the thermal treatment or combustion of carbonaceous material feedstock.
  • a particular type of thermal treatment is done by means of pyrolysis, whereby carbonaceous material feedstock is combusted in order to form gaseous fuel, or gaseous waste, and residue products.
  • One major disadvantage of the method of thermal treatment is that potentially hazardous gaseous fuel or waste products are formed.
  • This apparatus contains a combustion chamber, a flame tube, a swirling nozzle device with an air supply device, primary fuel supply device, a burner and outlet channel for the combusted gaseous fuel product.
  • This patent discloses a method whereby fuel and air are supplied to a flame tube for the combustion of the air-fuel mixture, after which the outlet products are removed from the flame tube of the combustion chamber via an outlet.
  • Russian Federation patent, RU 2352864 describes a method of fuel combustion whereby air and primary fuel are supplied to a f!ame tube, such that it forms a strong swirling stream of an air-fuel mixture where an external stream flows in counter flow to an internal stream, and both streams are swirling in the same direction.
  • the air-fuel mixture is combusted and the products of combustion are removed from the flame tube of the combustion chamber via an outlet channel.
  • said apparatus includes a combustion chamber with a flame tube, a swirling device, an air supply inlet, a primary fuel supply inlet, a burner and an outlet channel for the combusted gaseous fuel product.
  • an apparatus for the treatment of gaseous waste including:
  • - a housing having a first end and a second end as well as an outer wall and an inner wall;
  • the primary fuel inlet leads to a primary fuel distributor consisting of a plurality of hollow blades, each hollow blade defining an internal compartment within the blade, which internal compartments are in fluid flow communication with the air inlet via respective blade entrances: - the blades further defining inter-blade passages between them, which passages are in fluid flow communication with the primary fuel inlet and the combustion chamber; and
  • each blade further having an aperture in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber, through which air in the internal compartment can exit the blades.
  • the air inlet is in fluid flow communication with the annular passage.
  • the primary fuel inlet may be a pipe, of which one side is connected tangentially to the primary fuel distributor.
  • the primary fuel inlet is in fluid flow communication with the primary fuel distributor.
  • the primary fuel distributor may be located at the first end of the housing, around the outlet, and may form a first end wall of the housing.
  • the primary fuel distributor may further include a primary fuel distributor outlet in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber.
  • the second end of the housing is opposite to the primary fuel distributor end, i.e. the first end.
  • the second end may be dome-shaped. However, the second end may also have any other shape.
  • the air inlet is located towards the second end.
  • the air inlet is further provided tangentially to the combustion chamber.
  • the air inlet may further be a pipe.
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets are located in the second end of the apparatus.
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets have fuel-injector nozzles extending into the combustion chamber and being in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber.
  • each blade may be a slit channel situated at a back edge of each blade.
  • the apparatus further may contain an ignition source, in the form of a burner, which is located in the second end.
  • the burner has a burner nozzle extending into the combustion chamber.
  • the burner may be positioned in the apex of the second end, coaxially to a central axis of the combustion chamber.
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets may be positioned around the burner.
  • the outlet may be an annular outlet located at the first end of the apparatus.
  • the primary fuel may be the gaseous waste.
  • the gaseous waste may be a synthetic gas selected from the group including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, or pyrolysis gas produced by an upstream pyrolysis process for the pyrolysis of carbonaceous material.
  • the supplementary fuel may be diesel or natural gas.
  • the combustion products or outlet constituents may be carbon dioxide and/or oxygen and/or water vapour and/or nitrogen and/or heat and/or other gaseous constituents.
  • a method for the treatment of gaseous waste which method includes the steps of:
  • a waste treatment apparatus including a housing having a first end and a second end as well as an outer wall and an inner wall,
  • the method includes the further steps of allowing the air and primary fuel to mix in the combustion chamber, thereby forming a primary fuel-air mixture within the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel-air mixture is further allowed to form a strong vortex at the periphery of the combustion chamber.
  • the air inlet is in fluid flow communication with the annular passage.
  • the primary fuel distributor may be located at a first end of the housing, around an outlet of the apparatus, and may form a first end wall of the housing.
  • the primary fuel distributor outlet may be in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber.
  • the housing further contains a second end, opposite to the primary fuel distributor end,
  • the second end may be dome-shaped.
  • the second end may also have any other shape.
  • the air inlet is located towards the second end.
  • the air inlet is further provided tangentially to the combustion chamber.
  • the air-fuel mixture flows from the primary fuel distributor at the first end of the apparatus or housing, along the periphery of the combustion chamber towards the second opposite end of the apparatus or housing.
  • the method includes the further steps of injecting supplementary fuel into the combustion chamber, from time to time, via one or more supplementary fuel inlets of the apparatus, igniting the supplementary fuel and primary fuel-air mixture by means of an ignition source in the form of a burner and burning the primary fuel and supplementary fuel to form combustion products or outlet components.
  • the combustion products or outlet constituents flow from the second end to the first end.
  • the fuel-air mixture and the combustion products (outlet constituents) flow in a counter-current manner relative to each other, the fuel-air mixture flowing along walls (or a periphery) of the combustion chamber, and the combustion products flowing at a centre of the combustion chamber.
  • the method also includes the step of removing the combustion products from the apparatus via the outlet (at a determinate temperature),
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets are located in the seco ⁇ of the apparatus.
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets have fuel-injector nozzles extending into the second/dome-shaped end of the combustion chamber and being in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber.
  • the burner may be located in the second/dome-shaped end.
  • the burner has a burner nozzle extending into the combustion chamber.
  • the burner may be positioned in an apex of the dome-shaped end, coaxially to a central axis of the combustion chamber.
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets may be positioned around the burner.
  • the outlet may be an annular outlet located at the first end of the apparatus.
  • the method also includes the formation of three zones within the combustion chamber, namely a combustion zone, an intermediate zone and a dilution zone.
  • the primary fuel may be gaseous waste.
  • the gaseous waste may be a synthetic gas selected from the group including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, or pyrolysis gas produced by an upstream pyrolysis process for the pyrolysis of carbonaceous material.
  • the supplementary fuel may be diesel or natural gas.
  • the combustion products or outlet constituents may be carbon dioxide and/or oxygen and/or water vapour and/or nitrogen and/or heat and/or other gaseous constituents.
  • FIG. 1 is a radial cross sectional view along line A-A of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 1 is a radial cross sectional view along line B-B of the apparatus of Figure 1 « showing hollow blades of a primary fuel inlet of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;
  • an apparatus for the treatment of gaseous waste is generally designated by reference numeral 10.
  • the apparatus 10 includes a housing 12 having a first end 39 and a second end 41 as well as an outer wall 14 and an inner wall 16, with an annular passage 18 being defined between the outer wall 14 and inner wall 16 of the housing 10, through which air is flowable, a combustion chamber 20, one or more supplementary fuel inlets 22 though which supplementary fuel is fed, a primary fuel inlet 24 through which the gaseous waste is fed, an air inlet 26 through which air is fed, and at least one outlet 28 through which combustion products or outlet constituents leave the apparatus 10, wherein the primary fuel inlet 24 leads to a primary fuel distributor 30 including a plurality of hollow blades 32, each hollow blade 32 defining an internal compartment 34 within the blade 32, which internal compartments 34 are in fluid flow communication with the air inlet 26 via respective blade entrances 45.
  • the blades 32 further define inter-blade passages 36 between them, which passages 36 are in fluid flow communication with the primary fuel 24 inlet and the combustion chamber 20.
  • Each blade 32 further has an aperture 38 in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber 20, through which air in the internal compartment 34 can exit the blades 32.
  • the combustion chamber will hereinafter also be referred to as a flame tube and the primary fuel distributor will also be referred to as a swirling nozzle device. Vortex is interchangeably used with swirling stream,
  • the primary fuel distributor 30, or swirling nozzle device is located at a first end 39 of the housing 12, around the outlet 28, and forms a first end wall of the housing 12.
  • the primary fuel distributor 30 includes the primary fuel inlet 24, which is a pipe where one lateral side is connected tangentially to the internal surface of the primary fuel distributor 30.
  • the housing 12 further contains a second end 41 , opposite to the primary fuel distributor, or first end 39, The second end 41 is dome-shaped, mimicking the dome shape of an external wall 16 of the flame tube 20 (also being the inner wall 16 of the housing 12) at the second end 41 .
  • the primary fuel distributor 30 distributes both gaseous waste (primary fuel), via the inter-biade passages 36, as well as air, via the apertures 38 of the hollow blades 32, to the combustion chamber 20.
  • the air inlet 26 is located towards this second end 41 .
  • the air inlet 26 is a pipe, where one lateral side is connected tangentially to the internal surface of the housing 12 and is in fluid flow communication with the annular passage 18.
  • the apparatus 10 further contains an ignition source 42, in the form of a burner 42, which is located in the dome-shaped second end 41 .
  • the burner 42 has a burner nozzle 44 extending into the combustion chamber 20, or flame tube.
  • the burner 42 is positioned in the apex of the dome-shaped end 41 , coaxiaiiy to a central axis (not shown) of the combustion chamber 20.
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets 22 are located in the dome- shaped end 41 of the housing 12.
  • the one or more supplementary fuel inlets 22 have fuel-injector nozzles 21 extending into the dome shaped second end 41 of the combustion chamber 20 and are in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber 20.
  • the outlet 28 is an annular outlet located at the first end 39 of the housing 12.
  • the outlet could also be tubular, where, instead of a ring-shaped annular outlet, could have a circular outlet.
  • the primary fuel (or gaseous waste being treated) is a synthetic gas selected from the group including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen or pyrolysis gas which is produced by the pyrolysis of a carbonaceous material feedstock in an upstream process.
  • the supplementary fuel is diesel or natural gas.
  • the method for the combustion of gaseous fuel or waste using the apparatus 10 of the present invention is implemented in the following manner: The air from an external source is delivered to the air inlet 26, from where it is delivered tangentiaily to the annular passage 18, and an accelerated strong (swirling) air stream, is formed in the annular passage 18 which flows along the external wall .
  • the combustion chamber o being the inner wall 16 of the housing 12) towards the primary fuel distributor 30, or swirling nozzle device.
  • the air is delivered to the internal compartments 34 of each blade 32 and moves on to a slit channel (where the air is accelerated) at the aperture 38, where the air is withdrawn from and exits the blade 32.
  • the air is supplied tangentially to the combustion chamber 20, or flame tube, as an accelerated ejecting jet stream, via a primary fuel distributor outlet.
  • primary fuel i.e. the gaseous waste to be treated by means of the apparatus 10
  • primary fuel is delivered via a primary fuel stream to the primary fuel inlet 24, where the primary fuel moves on to the inter-blade passages 36.
  • the primary fuel is accelerated and withdrawn tangentially to the combustion chamber 20, via a primary fuel distributor outlet, as an accelerated ejected jet stream.
  • a strong swirling stream, or vortex, of the primary fuel-air mixture is therefore formed.
  • This peripheral swirling stream flows from the primary fuel distributor 30 along a periphery (or walls) of the combustion chamber 20 towards the dome shaped second end of the combustion chamber 20.
  • This stream is, therefore, in counter flow to a central axial stream of a fuel-air mixture (which is to be combusted) flowing in the center of the flame tube 20 towards the outlet channel 28 at the first end 39.
  • These two, counter-current streams swirl in the same direction.
  • fully developed anisotropic turbulence is induced, prevailing in the radial direction, which will contribute to the efficiency of carburetion in the combustion chamber 20.
  • the prepared primary fuel-air mixture is ignited by means of the burner 42.
  • "excess air” which has a higher concentration of oxygen than "norma! air"
  • Excess air has an increased amount of oxygen that is used for combustion, which increases the probability of complete combustion of ail the fuel, as well as regulating the temperature of gases at the outlet.
  • the amount of oxygen used can also regulate the temperature at the outlet i.e. if a reduced temperature is needed at the outlet, less oxygen is combusted.
  • the process of combustion of the primary fuei-air mixture forms three zones in the combustion chamber 20, namely a combustion zone 100, an intermediate zone 200 and a dilution zone 300.
  • the combustion zone 100 is located at the dome shaped second end 41 of the combustion chamber 20 and extends up to line A-A (on Figure 1 ).
  • the intermediary zone extends from line A-A up to line C-C.
  • the dilution zone extends from line C-C up to line B-B.
  • the combustion is carried out in the central axial stream, and forms the combustion products or outlet constituents, which are withdrawn through the outlet 28.
  • a high calorific value supplementary fuel is delivered to the flame tube 2. ⁇ . time to time as needed, ⁇ . ne supplementary fuel inlets 22.
  • the supplementary fuel is in the form of diesel or natural gas. The location of the supplementary fuel inlets 22 and the ignition source/burner 42 at the second end of the housing 12 is unique to the present invention.
  • combustion products or outlet constituents may be carbon dioxide and/or oxygen and/or water vapour and/or nitrogen and/or heat and/or other other gaseous products in compliancy with the DIRECTIVE 2000/76/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 December 2000.
  • the efficiency of the combustion is linked to the maximum velocity of the ejecting air which provides a specified ejection-coefficient. Therefore, the amount of fuel/waste which can be combusted is pre-determinable by the calculated velocity of the ejecting air.
  • the peripheral swirling stream of the air-fuel mixture is in counter flow to the central stream of the air-fuel mixture, with each of these counter-current streams swirling in the same direction. Due to the two streams flowing in a counter-current manner relative to each other, however, high radial and axial gradients of static pressure is created. This facilitates lower emission rates, so as to meet international environmental standards.
  • Reduction in the emission level by means of this apparatus 10, is also attributed to an increase in the quality of carburetion (in the combustion chamber), combustion, post combustion and mixing. This, in turn, is a result of improved and more efficient heat and mass transfer processes, a relatively shorter combustion zone length, and relatively longer intermediate and dilution zone lengths.
  • a reduction in the combustion zone length reduces the residence time of the combustion products in this high temperature zone, which, in turn, prevents or minimises the formation of NO*.
  • an increase in the intermediate zone length contributes to an improvement in the completion of combustion, which then leads to a reduction of emissions such as CO and CxH y .
  • an increase in the dilution zone length ensures that the required specifications of the combustion products or outlet constituents at the outlet 28 are met.
  • gaseous waste with a lot of NO and NO 2 should have as short as possible residence time at the high temperature zone (combustion zone), so that no reforming happens.
  • gaseous waste with a high sulphur content needs more time in the zones.
  • a low gaseous waste pressure i.e. a pressure below atmospheric pressure
  • a pressure below atmospheric pressure results in low combustion efficiencies, which, in turn, necessitates an increase in the pressure of the supplied air.
  • An increase in pressure results in an increase in the energy consumption of an apparatus.
  • the accelerated air jets acting as an ejecting stream, facilitates the air stream in obtain! naximum kinetic energy at the primary fuel distributor (swirling nozzle device) outlet 40.
  • This provides a specified ejection-coefficient, ensuring that a low primary fuel (gaseous waste) pressure can be accommodated (below 1 atm, but above zero), without requiring an increase in the pressure of the supplied air (which will in turn lead to an increase in the energy consumption), as would conventionally be needed. Due to a specified ejection-coefficient, the present invention does not increase the pressure of the supplied air, but the mass of the supplied air. The reduction of the primary fuel pressure to below atmospheric provides a "stack effect" or "chimney effect".
  • the implementation of the present method and apparatus for the combustion of gaseous waste enables a more efficient combustion process, capable of providing the required environmental characteristics in respect of its emissions, without an increase in energy consumption to achieve this.
  • the present apparatus and method therefore, expands the scope of application to a wide range of inlet pressures of the primary fuel or gaseous waste.
  • This invention can be used for the treatment of gaseous waste formed in a multiple of applications, including gas turbines, gas engines, power plants, thermal power plants, waste treatment plants for municipal solid waste, industrial waste treatment, food waste treatment, bio waste treatment, wood waste treatment, medical waste treatment, coal waste treatment and tyre waste treatment.
  • air and primary fuel/gaseous waste is provided to the air inlet 26 and primary fuel inlet 24 respectively.
  • the primary fuel and air is allowed to mix in the combustion chamber 20 to form a strong vortex.
  • supplementary fuel is injected and the mixture is combusted.
  • Combustion products or outlet constituents are removed from the combustion chamber 20 via the outlet 28.
  • Hot turbulent micro vortexes are formed on the border of the counter-current streams as they are moving to the combustion zone. Those micro vortexes act as micro torches and maintain the combustion process in the event of a loss of burner ignition.
  • CaC0 3 or Ca(OH) 2 can be supplied to the combustion chamber to clean up HQ, Cf 2 , HF, S0 2 , P 4 Oi 0> CO, C x H y> CH 4 .
  • CO(NH 2 ) 2 can be supplied to the combustion chamber to clean up any remaining NO and NO 2 and to reduce CO 2 gases. It will be appreciated that various alternative embodiments are also possible in accordance with the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un appareil permettant le traitement d'un déchet gazeux (10), ledit appareil comprenant un boîtier (12) qui comporte une première extrémité (39) et une seconde extrémité (41) ainsi qu'une paroi externe (14) et une paroi interne (16), un passage annulaire (18) à travers lequel peut circuler l'air étant défini entre la paroi externe (14) et la paroi interne (16) du boîtier (12), une chambre de combustion (20), un ou plusieurs orifices d'entrée de combustible d'appoint (22) par lesquels est transmis le combustible d'appoint, un orifice d'entrée de combustible primaire (24) par lequel est transmis le déchet gazeux, un orifice d'entrée d'air (26) par lequel est transmis l'air, et au moins un orifice de sortie (28) par lequel les produits de combustion ou les constituants de sortie sortent de l'appareil (10), l'orifice d'entrée de combustible primaire (24) conduisant à un distributeur de combustible primaire (30) qui comprend une pluralité de pales creuses (32), un compartiment interne (34) étant défini dans chaque pale creuse (32).
PCT/IB2013/060212 2012-11-20 2013-11-18 Appareil et procédé permettant le traitement d'un déchet gazeux WO2014080331A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA201208708 2012-11-20
ZA2012/08708 2012-11-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014080331A2 true WO2014080331A2 (fr) 2014-05-30
WO2014080331A3 WO2014080331A3 (fr) 2014-07-24

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107729638A (zh) * 2017-10-09 2018-02-23 中国民航大学 各向异性大气湍流场数值模拟方法

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RU2196940C1 (ru) 2001-12-21 2003-01-20 ООО "Новая энергия" Способ и устройство для сжигания топлива
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2196940C1 (ru) 2001-12-21 2003-01-20 ООО "Новая энергия" Способ и устройство для сжигания топлива
RU2212003C1 (ru) 2002-09-25 2003-09-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НОВАЯ ЭНЕРГИЯ" Способ и устройство для сжигания топлива
RU2352864C1 (ru) 2007-12-11 2009-04-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технический центр "Альтернатива" Способ и устройство для сжигания топлива

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107729638A (zh) * 2017-10-09 2018-02-23 中国民航大学 各向异性大气湍流场数值模拟方法
CN107729638B (zh) * 2017-10-09 2020-12-22 中国民航大学 各向异性大气湍流场数值模拟方法

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