WO2014079670A1 - Log bundling strand and/or swaging sleeve with roughnesses - Google Patents

Log bundling strand and/or swaging sleeve with roughnesses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014079670A1
WO2014079670A1 PCT/EP2013/072725 EP2013072725W WO2014079670A1 WO 2014079670 A1 WO2014079670 A1 WO 2014079670A1 EP 2013072725 W EP2013072725 W EP 2013072725W WO 2014079670 A1 WO2014079670 A1 WO 2014079670A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strand
bundle
indents
sleeves
bundling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/072725
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ken LARGE
Steve Jackson
Jesus OJEDA
Original Assignee
Nv Bekaert Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nv Bekaert Sa filed Critical Nv Bekaert Sa
Publication of WO2014079670A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014079670A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
    • D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G11/00—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes
    • F16G11/02—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes with parts deformable to grip the cable or cables; Fastening means which engage a sleeve or the like fixed on the cable
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0693—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a strand configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
    • D07B2201/1072—Compact winding, i.e. S/S or Z/Z
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/2002—Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/2007—Wires or filaments characterised by their longitudinal shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2019—Strands pressed to shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3071—Zinc (Zn)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D07B2205/3092—Zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn) alloys
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2038—Agriculture, forestry and fishery
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/16—Auxiliary apparatus
    • D07B7/165—Auxiliary apparatus for making slings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bunk or group of logs unitized into a bundle by means of one or more log bundling strands and one or more sleeves. More particularly, the invention relates to a log bundling strand.
  • Log bundling strands are known in the art. Log bundling strands are used to unitize a bunk or group of same grade logs into a bundle order to facilitate transport, e.g. along the river or on a truck until the paper or pulp mill or to dry land log sorting operations. Transportation may be by barge, towboat, truck or ship.
  • US-A-2,961 ,671 discloses a bundle raft.
  • Log bundling strands are used to unitize a number of same grade logs into a bundle.
  • the strands which are wound around the logs are provided with quickly detachable fittings.
  • a group of logs unitized into a bundle by means of one or more log bundling strands and one or more sleeves.
  • Each of the one or more bundling strands has a leading end and a trailing end.
  • Each of the one or more bundling strands has been wound around the group of logs to form a bundle so that the leading end and the trailing end run adjacent to one another over an overlapping length Li and form a pair.
  • the one or more sleeves have a length l_2 which is smaller than the overlapping length Li.
  • Each of the sleeves are crimped on one pair of leading end and trailing end within the overlapping length Li.
  • At least some of the one or more bundling strands are provided with indents at the outer surface or are provided with protrusions at the outer surface.
  • the inner surface of the sleeves is non-cylindrical, e.g. the inner surface is provided with ribs, roughnesses or indents.
  • the indents, protrusions and/or non-cylindrical inner surface improve gripping and holding efficiency between the strand and the sleeves and / or reduce the length l_2 of the sleeves.
  • the sleeves may be made of a material that is softer than the steel of the wires in the strand so that crimping of the sleeve on the strand is facilitated.
  • the log bundling strand preferably comprises two or more steel wires twisted into the strand.
  • the steel wires may be coated with a zinc or with a zinc alloy coating.
  • the zinc alloy coating may be a zinc aluminum coating.
  • a zinc aluminum coating has a better overall corrosion resistance than zinc. In contrast with zinc, the zinc aluminum coating is temperature resistant. Still in contrast with zinc, there is no flaking with the zinc aluminum alloy when exposed to high temperatures.
  • a zinc aluminum coating may have an aluminum content ranging from 2 per cent by weight to 12 per cent by weight, e.g. ranging from 3 % to 1 1 %.
  • a preferable composition lies around the eutectoid position: Al about 5 per cent.
  • the zinc alloy coating may further have a wetting agent such as
  • lanthanum or cerium in an amount less than 0.1 per cent of the zinc alloy.
  • the remainder of the coating is zinc and unavoidable impurities.
  • Another preferable composition contains about 10% aluminum. This increased amount of aluminum provides a better corrosion protection then the eutectoid composition with about 5% of aluminum.
  • a particular good alloy comprises 2 % to 10 % aluminum and 0.2 % to 3.0 % magnesium, the remainder being zinc.
  • An example is 5% Al, 0.5 % Mg and the rest being Zn.
  • the sleeves may be made of steel but are usually made of extruded
  • the strands are preferably provided with indents.
  • One way of providing indents or indentations is to provide them in the wires individually before twisting or cabling the wires into the log bundling strand. Only the radially outer wires need to be foreseen with indents.
  • Another way to provide indents to the log bundling strand is to first make the strand by twisting or cabling the wires together and only thereafter subject the completed strand to indentations. This way has the advantage that the indents are only there where they are needed, namely at the radially outer surface of the log bundling strand. Another advantage is that only one indenting step is needed instead of as many indenting steps as number of outer wires.
  • the indents or indentations may be made on the steel wires before
  • the indents may be made on the coated steel wires or strand.
  • a suitable embodiment of the log bundling strand is a seven (7) wire
  • Such a strand also called a 1 +6 strand.
  • Such a strand has one core wire surrounded by six outer wires.
  • the wire diameter may range from 1.50 mm to 3.50 mm.
  • the lay length of the strand may range from 90 mm to 150 mm.
  • the seven wire strand may have a breaking load ranging from 50 000 Newton to 80 000 Newton.
  • the tensile strength of the seven wire strand may range from 1800 MPa to 2400 MPa and higher, e.g. from 1900 MPa to 2250 MPa.
  • a sleeve having a non-cylindrical inner surface and adapted to make a loop of a strand around a group of logs.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-section of a first embodiment of a log bundling strand
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a second embodiment of a log bundling strand
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an indent made on top of a coating
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal view of an assembly of a log bundling strand secured together by means of a sleeve;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-section of an assembly of a log bundling strand secured together by means of a sleeve
  • FIG. 6 illustrates bundles of logs held together by various log bundling strands
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-section of a third embodiment of a log bundling strand
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-section of an alternative embodiment of a sleeve. Mode(s) for Carrying Out the Invention
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a first embodiment of a log bundling strand 10.
  • This log bundling strand 10 has a 7 wire or 1 +6 construction with one central core wire 12 surrounded by six outer wires 14.
  • Each of the six outer wires 14 is provided with indents 16. These indents 16 are present around the circumference of the outer wires 14.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a second and preferable embodiment of a log bundling strand 20.
  • the log bundling strand 20 has a core wire 22 and six outer wires 24 which are twisted around the core wire 22.
  • Indentations 26, 26', 26" are provided on the outer circumference of the strand after twisting of the seven wires 22, 24 into the strand 20. Some indentations 26 are present on one outer wire 24 only. Other indentations 26', 26" bridge two outer wires 24 so that a first part of the indentation 26' is present on a first outer wire 24 and a second part of the indentation 26" is present on a second outer wire 24.
  • the steel composition of the wires of a log bundling strand may be along following lines:
  • a minimum carbon content of 0.30% e.g. a carbon content ranging from 0.30% to 1.15%, e.g. from 0.50% to 1.0%, e.g. a carbon content of 0.838%;
  • a manganese content ranging from 0.10% to 1.10%, e.g. from 0.40 to 1.0%, e.g. a manganese content of 0.50%;
  • a silicon content ranging from 0.10% to 1.30%, e.g. from 0.10 to 0.35%, e.g. a silicon content of 0.202%;
  • sulphur content of 0.15 e.g. maximum sulphur content of 0.10%, e.g. maximum sulphur content of 0.05%, e.g. a sulphur content of 0.013%;
  • a maximum phosphorus content of 0.15% e.g. a maximum phosphorus content of 0.10%, e.g. a maximum phosphorus content of 0.04%, e.g. a phosphorus content of 0.008%;
  • micro-alloying elements may be added such as chromium (from 0.20% to 0.40%, copper up to 0.20%, vanadium up to 0.30%).
  • steel wires are first drawn by means of a dry drawing operation until their final diameter. This diameter may range from 1.0 mm to 4.50 mm, e.g. from 1.50 mm to 3.50 mm.
  • the individual steel wires are provided with a corrosion resistant coating such as a zinc or zinc alloy with a composition as described hereabove.
  • the coating may be provided by means of an electroplating operation or by means of a hot dip bath.
  • the coating may be provided at the final diameter or at an intermediate diameter.
  • the thus coated and drawn wires are twisted into a strand with a lay length ranging from 90 mm to 150 mm.
  • the strand is provided with indentations by means of indentation rollers.
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of an indented part.
  • An outer steel wire 32 is provided with a top coating 34 of a zinc alloy, e.g. a zinc aluminum alloy.
  • An indent or indentation 36 is made on the zinc alloy coating 34. Takign the indentation step as last step has the advantage that the particular geometry of the indents is kept. In other words The angles a and ⁇ which are designed on the indentation rolls, are transferred on the outer surface of the coated wire without substantial change.
  • the indents may take various forms.
  • the indents may have an elliptical, rectangular, rhomb, parallellogram... form.
  • the depth of the indents may range from 0.030 mm to 0.20 mm, e.g. from 0.040 mm to 0.150 mm.
  • An example is a rectangular form with a width of 2.7 mm, a length of 4.02 mm.
  • the pitch or distance between two subsequent indents may range from 5.0 mm to 10.0 mm, e.g. from 6.0 mm to 9.0 mm.
  • the indents may follow a helical path along the steel wire or along the steel strand, as the case may be.
  • protrusions these may take various forms too.
  • the protrusions may be in the form of continuous ribs, e.g. helical ribs.
  • the protrusions may also be of a discontinuous form.
  • Protrusions may also be caused by making up the log bundling strand of non-round wires, e.g. square wires.
  • the ribs may be formed by the "corners" of the square.
  • the square wires may be in a helical form which may be obtained by either twisting the square wire or by using a rotating die at the drawing process.
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal view illustrating an assembly 40 of a log bundling strand 42 with a sleeve 43.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-section of such an assembly 40.
  • the log bundling strand 42 is forming a loop around the logs (not shown) by means of the sleeve 43.
  • the leading end 44 of strand 42 is kept closely together with the trailing end 46 of strand 42 over an overlapping length Li.
  • An extruded aluminum sleeve 43 has a cross-section in the form of the cipher "eight". This sleeve 43 has a length l_2 that is smaller than Li. The sleeve 43 is crimped within the overlapping length L1 over both the leading end 44 and the trailing end 46 of the strand 42 to close the loop.
  • the log bundling strand 42 is provided with indents 47 at its outer surface. These indents 47 create a rough interface between the outer surface of the log bundling strand 42 and the inner surface of the sleeve 43.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the use of a log bundling strand.
  • logs 60 of the same grade are unitized into a bundle 62 by means of a log bundling strand 64 which is held together with a crimped sleeve 66.
  • FIG. 7 gives a cross-section of a third embodiment of a log bundling strand 70.
  • the log bundling strand 70 has a core wire 72 surrounded by six outer wires 74.
  • the outer wires 74 are provided with protrusions 76.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a cross-section of an alternative embodiment of a
  • the inner surface of the sleeve 80 is no longer cylindrical but is provided with ribs 82. These ribs may take any form and can be triangular, trapezoidal, ...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

A bundle of logs (62) is unitized by means of one or more log bundling strands (10, 20, 42, 64, 70) and one or more sleeves (43, 66, 80). Each of the bundling strands has a leading end and a trailing end. Each of the bundling strands (10, 20, 42, 64, 70) is wound around the logs to form the bundle so that the leading end (44) and the trailing end (46) run adjacent to one another over an overlapping length L1 and form a pair. One or more sleeves (43, 66, 80) have a length L2 which is smaller than the overlapping length L1. Each of the one or more sleeves (43, 66, 80) are crimped on one pair of the leading ends (44) and the trailing ends (46) within the overlapping length L1. At least some of the bundling strands (10, 20, 42, 64, 70) are provided with indents (26, 36, 47) or protrusions (76) at the outer surface and/or at least some of the sleeves (80) are provided with non-cylindrical inner surfaces. The indents (26, 36, 47), protrusions (76) and/or non-cylindrical inner surfaces improve gripping between the strands (10, 20, 42, 64, 70) and the sleeves (43, 66, 80) and / or reduce the length L2 of the sleeves (43, 66, 80).

Description

LOG BUNDLING STRAND AND/OR SWAGING SLEEVE WITH ROUGHNESSES
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a bunk or group of logs unitized into a bundle by means of one or more log bundling strands and one or more sleeves. More particularly, the invention relates to a log bundling strand.
Background Art
[0002] Log bundling strands are known in the art. Log bundling strands are used to unitize a bunk or group of same grade logs into a bundle order to facilitate transport, e.g. along the river or on a truck until the paper or pulp mill or to dry land log sorting operations. Transportation may be by barge, towboat, truck or ship.
[0003] US-A-2,961 ,671 discloses a bundle raft. Log bundling strands are used to unitize a number of same grade logs into a bundle. The strands which are wound around the logs are provided with quickly detachable fittings.
[0004] Currently these detachable fittings are replaced by sleeves which are
crimped around the ends of the strand.
Disclosure of Invention
[0005] It is an object of the present invention to improve the gripping of sleeves around the log bundling strands.
[0006] Alternatively, or in combination, it is another object of the present invention to shorten the length of the sleeves.
[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a group of logs unitized into a bundle by means of one or more log bundling strands and one or more sleeves. Each of the one or more bundling strands has a leading end and a trailing end. Each of the one or more bundling strands has been wound around the group of logs to form a bundle so that the leading end and the trailing end run adjacent to one another over an overlapping length Li and form a pair.
The one or more sleeves have a length l_2 which is smaller than the overlapping length Li. Each of the sleeves are crimped on one pair of leading end and trailing end within the overlapping length Li.
At least some of the one or more bundling strands are provided with indents at the outer surface or are provided with protrusions at the outer surface.
Alternatively to the indents or protrusions, or in combination with the indents or protrusions, the inner surface of the sleeves is non-cylindrical, e.g. the inner surface is provided with ribs, roughnesses or indents.
The indents, protrusions and/or non-cylindrical inner surface improve gripping and holding efficiency between the strand and the sleeves and / or reduce the length l_2 of the sleeves.
[0008] Indeed, due to the indents, protrusions at the outer surface of the log
bundling strand or non-cylindrical surface, there is no longer a continuous surface to surface contact between the log bundling strand and the inner side of the sleeves. Instead, this contact has become discontinuous. The discontinuities of the hard material of the log bundling strand tend to penetrate better inside the inner surface of the relatively softer material of the sleeves. The result is a better anchorage and gripping or sleeves with a shorter length without decreasing the degree of anchorage.
Although this is not strictly needed, the sleeves may be made of a material that is softer than the steel of the wires in the strand so that crimping of the sleeve on the strand is facilitated.
[0009] The indents on the outer surface of the log bundling strand or the
protrusions can take various forms or geometries. The depth of the indents may range from 0.030 mm to 0.20 mm, e.g. from 0.040 mm to 0.150 mm. [0010] The log bundling strand preferably comprises two or more steel wires twisted into the strand. The steel wires may be coated with a zinc or with a zinc alloy coating.
The zinc alloy coating may be a zinc aluminum coating. A zinc aluminum coating has a better overall corrosion resistance than zinc. In contrast with zinc, the zinc aluminum coating is temperature resistant. Still in contrast with zinc, there is no flaking with the zinc aluminum alloy when exposed to high temperatures.
A zinc aluminum coating may have an aluminum content ranging from 2 per cent by weight to 12 per cent by weight, e.g. ranging from 3 % to 1 1 %. A preferable composition lies around the eutectoid position: Al about 5 per cent.
The zinc alloy coating may further have a wetting agent such as
lanthanum or cerium in an amount less than 0.1 per cent of the zinc alloy. The remainder of the coating is zinc and unavoidable impurities.
Another preferable composition contains about 10% aluminum. This increased amount of aluminum provides a better corrosion protection then the eutectoid composition with about 5% of aluminum.
Other elements such as silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) may be added to the zinc aluminum coating.
With a view to optimizing the corrosion resistance, a particular good alloy comprises 2 % to 10 % aluminum and 0.2 % to 3.0 % magnesium, the remainder being zinc. An example is 5% Al, 0.5 % Mg and the rest being Zn.
[001 1] The sleeves may be made of steel but are usually made of extruded
aluminum. When crimping the sleeves around the log bundling strands with the indents or protrusions, the inner surface of the sleeves experience much more roughness than when indents are absent.
[0012] The strands are preferably provided with indents. One way of providing indents or indentations is to provide them in the wires individually before twisting or cabling the wires into the log bundling strand. Only the radially outer wires need to be foreseen with indents.
[0013] Another way to provide indents to the log bundling strand is to first make the strand by twisting or cabling the wires together and only thereafter subject the completed strand to indentations. This way has the advantage that the indents are only there where they are needed, namely at the radially outer surface of the log bundling strand. Another advantage is that only one indenting step is needed instead of as many indenting steps as number of outer wires.
[0014] When providing the indents on the completed log bundling strand, some indents are located on single wires while other indents make the "bridge" between two or more adjacent wires. In other words, one part of the indent is on a first wire and the other part on a second adjacent wire, etc.
[0015] The indents or indentations may be made on the steel wires before
coating with a zinc or zinc alloy. The subsequent coating smoothens somewhat the geometry of the indents.
[0016] Alternatively the indents may be made on the coated steel wires or strand.
By selecting the indentation as last step, the geometry of the indent remains intact.
[0017] A suitable embodiment of the log bundling strand is a seven (7) wire
strand, also called a 1 +6 strand. Such a strand has one core wire surrounded by six outer wires.
In case of a seven wire strand, the wire diameter may range from 1.50 mm to 3.50 mm. The lay length of the strand may range from 90 mm to 150 mm.
The seven wire strand may have a breaking load ranging from 50 000 Newton to 80 000 Newton.
The tensile strength of the seven wire strand may range from 1800 MPa to 2400 MPa and higher, e.g. from 1900 MPa to 2250 MPa. [0018] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a log bundling strand adapted to unitize a bundle of logs into a boom according to a first aspect of the present invention.
[0019] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sleeve having a non-cylindrical inner surface and adapted to make a loop of a strand around a group of logs.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0020] Example embodiments of the invention are described hereinafter with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which
[0021] - Figure 1 is a cross-section of a first embodiment of a log bundling strand;
- Figure 2 is a cross-section of a second embodiment of a log bundling strand;
- Figure 3 illustrates an indent made on top of a coating;
- Figure 4 is a longitudinal view of an assembly of a log bundling strand secured together by means of a sleeve;
- Figure 5 is a cross-section of an assembly of a log bundling strand secured together by means of a sleeve;
- Figure 6 illustrates bundles of logs held together by various log bundling strands;
- Figure 7 is a cross-section of a third embodiment of a log bundling strand;
- Figure 8 is a cross-section of an alternative embodiment of a sleeve. Mode(s) for Carrying Out the Invention
[0022] Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a first embodiment of a log bundling strand 10. This log bundling strand 10 has a 7 wire or 1 +6 construction with one central core wire 12 surrounded by six outer wires 14. Each of the six outer wires 14 is provided with indents 16. These indents 16 are present around the circumference of the outer wires 14. [0023] Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a second and preferable embodiment of a log bundling strand 20. The log bundling strand 20 has a core wire 22 and six outer wires 24 which are twisted around the core wire 22.
Indentations 26, 26', 26" are provided on the outer circumference of the strand after twisting of the seven wires 22, 24 into the strand 20. Some indentations 26 are present on one outer wire 24 only. Other indentations 26', 26" bridge two outer wires 24 so that a first part of the indentation 26' is present on a first outer wire 24 and a second part of the indentation 26" is present on a second outer wire 24.
[0024] The steel composition of the wires of a log bundling strand may be along following lines:
- a minimum carbon content of 0.30%, e.g. a carbon content ranging from 0.30% to 1.15%, e.g. from 0.50% to 1.0%, e.g. a carbon content of 0.838%;
- a manganese content ranging from 0.10% to 1.10%, e.g. from 0.40 to 1.0%, e.g. a manganese content of 0.50%;
- a silicon content ranging from 0.10% to 1.30%, e.g. from 0.10 to 0.35%, e.g. a silicon content of 0.202%;
- a maximum sulphur content of 0.15, e.g. maximum sulphur content of 0.10%, e.g. maximum sulphur content of 0.05%, e.g. a sulphur content of 0.013%;
- a maximum phosphorus content of 0.15%, e.g. a maximum phosphorus content of 0.10%, e.g. a maximum phosphorus content of 0.04%, e.g. a phosphorus content of 0.008%;
all percentages being percentages by weight.
Additional micro-alloying elements may be added such as chromium (from 0.20% to 0.40%, copper up to 0.20%, vanadium up to 0.30%).
[0025] Starting from a wire rod with such a steel composition, steel wires are first drawn by means of a dry drawing operation until their final diameter. This diameter may range from 1.0 mm to 4.50 mm, e.g. from 1.50 mm to 3.50 mm. [0026] The individual steel wires are provided with a corrosion resistant coating such as a zinc or zinc alloy with a composition as described hereabove. The coating may be provided by means of an electroplating operation or by means of a hot dip bath. The coating may be provided at the final diameter or at an intermediate diameter.
The thus coated and drawn wires are twisted into a strand with a lay length ranging from 90 mm to 150 mm.
After the stranding or twisting operation the strand is provided with indentations by means of indentation rollers.
[0027] Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of an indented part. An outer steel wire 32 is provided with a top coating 34 of a zinc alloy, e.g. a zinc aluminum alloy. An indent or indentation 36 is made on the zinc alloy coating 34. Takign the indentation step as last step has the advantage that the particular geometry of the indents is kept. In other words The angles a and β which are designed on the indentation rolls, are transferred on the outer surface of the coated wire without substantial change.
In the other case of indenting the steel wires before coating, the coating realizes a smoothening of the geometry of the indents. However, experience has shown that the thus smoothened indents preserve enough anchorage.
[0028] The indents may take various forms. The indents may have an elliptical, rectangular, rhomb, parallellogram... form. As mentioned, the depth of the indents may range from 0.030 mm to 0.20 mm, e.g. from 0.040 mm to 0.150 mm.
An example is a rectangular form with a width of 2.7 mm, a length of 4.02 mm. The pitch or distance between two subsequent indents may range from 5.0 mm to 10.0 mm, e.g. from 6.0 mm to 9.0 mm.
The indents may follow a helical path along the steel wire or along the steel strand, as the case may be. [0029] In the case of protrusions, these may take various forms too. The protrusions may be in the form of continuous ribs, e.g. helical ribs. The protrusions may also be of a discontinuous form. Protrusions may also be caused by making up the log bundling strand of non-round wires, e.g. square wires. In case of square wires, the ribs may be formed by the "corners" of the square. The square wires may be in a helical form which may be obtained by either twisting the square wire or by using a rotating die at the drawing process.
[0030] Figure 4 is a longitudinal view illustrating an assembly 40 of a log bundling strand 42 with a sleeve 43. Figure 5 is a cross-section of such an assembly 40.
The log bundling strand 42 is forming a loop around the logs (not shown) by means of the sleeve 43.
The leading end 44 of strand 42 is kept closely together with the trailing end 46 of strand 42 over an overlapping length Li. An extruded aluminum sleeve 43 has a cross-section in the form of the cipher "eight". This sleeve 43 has a length l_2 that is smaller than Li. The sleeve 43 is crimped within the overlapping length L1 over both the leading end 44 and the trailing end 46 of the strand 42 to close the loop.
The log bundling strand 42 is provided with indents 47 at its outer surface. These indents 47 create a rough interface between the outer surface of the log bundling strand 42 and the inner surface of the sleeve 43.
[0031] Figure 6 illustrates the use of a log bundling strand.
Various logs 60 of the same grade are unitized into a bundle 62 by means of a log bundling strand 64 which is held together with a crimped sleeve 66.
[0032] Two or more of such bundles 62 may be positioned next to each other in the river and are kept together by another strand 68, which may be referred to as a bundle bundling strand. [0033] Figure 7 gives a cross-section of a third embodiment of a log bundling strand 70. The log bundling strand 70 has a core wire 72 surrounded by six outer wires 74. The outer wires 74 are provided with protrusions 76.
[0034] Figure 8 illustrates a cross-section of an alternative embodiment of a
sleeve 80. The inner surface of the sleeve 80 is no longer cylindrical but is provided with ribs 82. These ribs may take any form and can be triangular, trapezoidal, ...
[0035] List of Reference Numbers
10 log bundling strand with indents on outer wires
12 central core wire
14 outer wire
16 indent
20 log bundling strand with indents on strand
22 central core wire
24 outer wire
26 indent
26' first part of indent on one wire
26" second part of indent on an adjacent wire
32 steel wire
34 zinc or zinc alloy coating
36 indent
40 assembly of log bundling strand and sleeve
42 log bundling strand
43 sleeve
44 leading end of strand
46 trailing end of strand
47 indent
60 log
62 bundle of logs
64 log bundling strand
66 sleeve log bundling strand with protrusions on outer wires core wire
outer wire
protrusion
sleeve with non-cylindrical inner surface rib

Claims

Claims
Claim 1. A group of logs unitized into a bundle by means of one or more log bundling strands and one or more sleeves,
each of said one or more bundling strands having a leading end and a trailing end,
each of said one or more bundling strands being wound around the logs to form said bundle so that said leading end and said trailing end run adjacent to one another over an overlapping length Li and form a pair,
said one or more sleeves having a length l_2 smaller than said overlapping length Li,
each of said one or more sleeves being crimped on one pair of said leading ends and said trailing ends within said overlapping length Li,
at least some of said one or more bundling strands being provided with indents or protrusions at the outer surface and/or at least some of said sleeves being provided with non-cylindrical inner surfaces,
said indents, protrusions and/or non-cylindrical inner surfaces improving gripping between said strands and said sleeves and / or reducing the length l_2 of said sleeves.
Claim 2. The bundle of claim 1 wherein said strand comprises two or more steel wires twisted into said strand.
Claim 3. The bundle of claim 2 wherein said steel wires are provided with a zinc or zinc alloy coating.
Claim 4. The bundle of claim 3 wherein said indents are provided on the
individual wires before twisting into said strand.
Claim 5. The bundle of claim 3 wherein said indents are provided on said strand after twisting of said steel wires.
Claim 6. The bundle of claim 5 wherein at least some of said indents are provided on two or more adjacent wires in said strand.
Claim 7. The bundle of claim 3 wherein said indents are provided on the zinc or zinc alloy coating.
Claim 8. The bundle of claim 2 wherein said strand comprises seven wires, each of said wires having a diameter ranging from 1.50 mm to 3.50 mm, said strand having a lay length ranging from 90 mm to 150 mm.
Claim 9. The bundle of claim 8 wherein said strand has a breaking load
ranging from 50 000 Newton to 80 000 Newton.
Claim 10. The bundle of claim 8 wherein said strand has a tensile strength ranging from 1800 MPa to 2400 MPa.
Claim 1 1. A log bundling strand adapted to unitize a bundle of logs according to any one of the preceding claims.
Claim 12. A sleeve having a non-cylindrical inner surface and adapted to make a loop of a strand around a bundle of logs.
PCT/EP2013/072725 2012-11-21 2013-10-30 Log bundling strand and/or swaging sleeve with roughnesses WO2014079670A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261729114P 2012-11-21 2012-11-21
US61/729,114 2012-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014079670A1 true WO2014079670A1 (en) 2014-05-30

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104018373A (en) * 2014-06-23 2014-09-03 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 Production technology of 1*7 nicked steel strand

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB694186A (en) * 1950-09-01 1953-07-15 Bowden Eng Ltd Method of securing an attachment piece to a wire cable
DE1006921B (en) * 1954-01-05 1957-04-25 Bayerische Schrauben Und Feder Notch connector, consisting of a sleeve of oval cross-section provided on the inside with longitudinal and transverse grooves or ribs for the connection of parallel adjacent electrical conductors
DE1033300B (en) * 1952-10-14 1958-07-03 Bayerische Schrauben Und Feder Notch connector for overhead cables
GB1194758A (en) * 1967-10-04 1970-06-10 Westfalische Drahtindustrie Prestressed-Concrete Wire Strand
US3705444A (en) * 1971-03-24 1972-12-12 Kenneth L Wernsing Swagable wire rope ferrule
DE3722062A1 (en) * 1987-07-03 1989-01-12 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Method for fastening a metallic sleeve on a stranded steel wire by extrusion
US20030024294A1 (en) * 2001-04-18 2003-02-06 Peter Ouimet Cutter/crimper apparatus and method
CA2357534A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-03-21 Verne Lindberg Tools
WO2011103640A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Onesteel Wire Pty Limited Dragline rope ferrule

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB694186A (en) * 1950-09-01 1953-07-15 Bowden Eng Ltd Method of securing an attachment piece to a wire cable
DE1033300B (en) * 1952-10-14 1958-07-03 Bayerische Schrauben Und Feder Notch connector for overhead cables
DE1006921B (en) * 1954-01-05 1957-04-25 Bayerische Schrauben Und Feder Notch connector, consisting of a sleeve of oval cross-section provided on the inside with longitudinal and transverse grooves or ribs for the connection of parallel adjacent electrical conductors
GB1194758A (en) * 1967-10-04 1970-06-10 Westfalische Drahtindustrie Prestressed-Concrete Wire Strand
US3705444A (en) * 1971-03-24 1972-12-12 Kenneth L Wernsing Swagable wire rope ferrule
DE3722062A1 (en) * 1987-07-03 1989-01-12 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Method for fastening a metallic sleeve on a stranded steel wire by extrusion
US20030024294A1 (en) * 2001-04-18 2003-02-06 Peter Ouimet Cutter/crimper apparatus and method
CA2357534A1 (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-03-21 Verne Lindberg Tools
WO2011103640A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Onesteel Wire Pty Limited Dragline rope ferrule

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104018373A (en) * 2014-06-23 2014-09-03 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 Production technology of 1*7 nicked steel strand

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