WO2014076848A1 - 被膜形成方法 - Google Patents
被膜形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014076848A1 WO2014076848A1 PCT/JP2012/082765 JP2012082765W WO2014076848A1 WO 2014076848 A1 WO2014076848 A1 WO 2014076848A1 JP 2012082765 W JP2012082765 W JP 2012082765W WO 2014076848 A1 WO2014076848 A1 WO 2014076848A1
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- forming
- solid lubricant
- laser beam
- skirt portion
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/04—Resilient guiding parts, e.g. skirts, particularly for trunk pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/08—Constructional features providing for lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
- C10M2201/0663—Molybdenum sulfide used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/1003—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/044—Polyamides
- C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/023—Multi-layer lubricant coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/023—Multi-layer lubricant coatings
- C10N2050/025—Multi-layer lubricant coatings in the form of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/08—Solids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film forming method for forming a multi-layer solid lubricating film on the surface of a skirt portion of a piston of an internal combustion engine, for example.
- Patent Document 1 As one of them, the technique described in the following Patent Document 1 filed earlier by the present applicant forms a solid lubricating film with a small amount of wear in the lower layer and a solid lubricating film with a large amount of wear in the upper layer. As a result, the unevenness of the streaks remaining on the surface of the skirt portion is reduced to reduce the friction with the cylinder wall surface.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a film forming method capable of forming a multi-layered solid lubricating film in a time as short as possible in the entire processing time of the film forming process.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a film forming method for forming a multilayer solid lubricant film on the outer surface of the skirt portion of the piston of the internal combustion engine, wherein the lower solid lubricant film is made of a material containing at least graphite, After the lower solid lubricant film is applied to the outer surface of the skirt portion, it is dried by irradiating a laser beam, and after the uppermost solid lubricant film is applied, a baking treatment is performed.
- the piston 1 is slidably provided on a substantially cylindrical cylinder wall surface (bore) 3 formed in the cylinder block 2, and between the cylinder wall surface 3 and a cylinder head (not shown).
- the combustion chamber 4 is formed at the same time, and is connected to a crankshaft (not shown) via a connecting rod 6 connected to the piston pin 5.
- the piston 1 is cast as a whole by an AC8A Al—Si based aluminum alloy, and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 7, and the combustion chamber is formed on the crown surface 7a. 4, a pair of arc-shaped thrust side skirt portions 8 and an anti-thrust side skirt 9 integrally provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the crown portion 7, and the skirt portions 8, 9. And a pair of apron portions 11 and 12 connected to both ends in the circumferential direction via the connecting portions 10.
- the crown portion 7 has a disk shape formed with a relatively large thickness, and a valve recess 7e for preventing interference with an intake valve and an exhaust valve is formed on the crown surface 7a. Ring grooves 7b, 7c and 7d for holding three piston rings such as an oil ring are formed.
- Both the skirt portions 8 and 9 are disposed at symmetrical positions with the axis of the piston 1 as the center, and are formed in a substantially circular arc shape in cross section. Is formed.
- the thrust side skirt portion 8 is adapted to be in pressure contact with the cylinder wall surface 3 while being inclined in relation to the angle of the connecting rod 6 when the piston 1 is stroked toward the bottom dead center during an expansion stroke or the like.
- the skirt portion 9 on the anti-thrust side comes into pressure contact with the cylinder wall surface 3 while inclining in the opposite direction when the piston 1 moves up during the compression stroke or the like.
- the thrust load on the cylinder wall surface 3 of each of the skirt portions 8 and 9 is larger in the thrust side skirt portion 8 that receives the combustion pressure and presses against the cylinder wall surface 3.
- the thrust side skirt portion 8 and the anti-thrust side skirt portion 9 of the piston 1 are provided with two upper and lower solid lubricant films as shown in FIGS.
- the two-layer solid lubricant film is composed of a lower layer film 21 that is a first solid lubricant film and an upper layer film 22 that is a second solid lubricant film, and as a binding resin, heat resistance, wear resistance, and adhesiveness.
- a binding resin heat resistance, wear resistance, and adhesiveness.
- Any one or two of an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, and a polyamide-imide resin excellent in the above-mentioned are used.
- the upper layer film 22 is set to 5 to 50 wt% of any one of an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, and a polyamideimide resin that is a binding resin, and molybdenum disulfide M that is a solid lubricant. It was set to 50 to 95 wt%.
- the binding resin is less than 5 wt%, the adhesiveness with the lower layer film 21 is reduced due to a reduction in bonding force.
- the binding resin exceeds 50 wt%, the amount of solid lubricant is relatively reduced, so that the initial adaptability is reduced. .
- the binding resin is set to 50 wt% or more of one kind of epoxy resin, polyimide resin, and polyamideid resin, like the upper layer film 22.
- the solid lubricant basically, one or more of molybdenum disulfide M, graphite G, and carbon black B was set to less than 50 wt%.
- the binding resin is less than 50 wt%, the adhesion with the piston substrate 1a is lowered.
- the solid lubricant exceeds 50 wt% when the solid lubricant (graphite G or molybdenum disulfide M, which is each solid lubricant) is added to the binding resin, It can be seen that when the resin is less than 50 wt%, the resin rapidly decreases.
- the lower layer coating 21 has a role of ensuring adhesion with the piston base material 1 a and ensuring adhesion with the upper layer coating 22.
- the lower layer film 21 contains a large amount of solid lubricant, but the improvement of the film properties by allowing the solid lubricant to be added within a range in which adhesion is ensured is permitted.
- the molybdenum disulfide M as the solid lubricant is less than 5 wt%, the seizure resistance is lowered, and when it exceeds 20 wt%, the wear amount is increased due to a decrease in coating strength.
- the seizure resistance can be improved by a synergistic effect with graphite.
- the molybdenum disulfide M and the graphite G can be used in combination as a solid lubricant.
- the total of molybdenum disulfide M and graphite is preferably 5 to 20 wt% and molybdenum disulfide is preferably 1 to 10 wt%.
- the content of molybdenum disulfide M which is a solid lubricant of the upper layer coating 22, is set to 50 to 95 wt%. If the content is less than 50 wt%, the initial conformability decreases, and if it exceeds 95 wt%, This is because the binding resin is less than 5 wt%, and as described above, the adhesiveness with the lower layer film 21 is reduced due to a reduction in the binding force.
- an epoxy resin and a polyimide resin that are binding resins an organic solvent is blended with a polyamideimide resin, a solid lubricant is added to the resin solution, and further if necessary.
- Hard particles may be added and mixed and dispersed using a bead mill or the like.
- the compounding quantity of binder resin and solid lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide M and graphite G, is adjusted so that it may become 100 wt% in total.
- the solid lubricating coating of the present invention is diluted with an organic solvent as necessary, and is applied to the piston substrate 1a as a paint.
- the lower layer coating 21 and the upper layer coating 22 are sequentially applied to the outer peripheral surface of the piston base material 1a (thrust side skirt portion and anti-thrust side skirt portion), dried, baked and cured to form a two-layer solid. A lubricating coating is obtained.
- the organic solvent used for the dilution is not particularly limited as long as the binder resin can be dissolved even in a solvent system.
- Firing conditions such as firing temperature and firing time may be set as appropriate, and firing at 200 ° C. or lower is possible, so that it can be applied to the piston 1 made of aluminum alloy.
- the film thickness of the lower layer film 21 and the upper layer film 22 can be selected as appropriate, but is preferably about 5 to 40 ⁇ m in consideration of the workability of coating and the cost.
- oil and dirt are removed from the surface of the piston base material 1a by pretreatment such as solvent degreasing and alkali degreasing (cleaning step 1).
- the lower layer coating 21 of the above-described components is applied to the surface of the piston base material 1a by a known method such as screen printing (lower layer coating step 2).
- the process proceeds to a step of heating and drying the lower layer film 21.
- heating is performed by a laser beam using a laser heating device 30 described later (laser heating drying).
- Step 3 the organic solvent is removed.
- the upper layer film 22 having the above-described components is applied to the upper surface of the lower layer film 21 by a known method such as screen printing in the same manner as the lower layer film 21 (upper layer coating step 4).
- the upper layer film 22 is dried and fired under conditions such as 180 ° C. ⁇ 30 minutes or 200 ° C. ⁇ 20 minutes using a known apparatus such as a continuous heating furnace (firing step 5).
- cooling step 6 the entire piston base material 1a on which the lower layer coating 21 and the upper layer coating 22 are fired is cooled by a cooling device (cooling step 6).
- the drying process of the lower layer film 21 is processed by using the laser heating device 30, but conventionally, it is performed by, for example, a continuous heating furnace instead of the laser.
- the cleaning process 1, the coating process 2 and the coating process 4 of the upper film 22, the baking process 5, and the cooling process 6 are the same as in this embodiment. Drying and firing are performed in a continuous heating furnace (firing step 3 ′), and then the entire piston base material 1a is cooled by a cooling device (cooling step 3 ′′). The processing time for the firing step 3 'and the cooling step 3' 'required about 3600 seconds, that is, about 1 hour.
- the lower layer coating 21 is heated and dried using a laser heating device 30 as shown in FIG. 7 without using a conventional continuous heating furnace or an infrared heating device. Therefore, the processing time can be performed in an extremely short time of about 10 seconds.
- the laser heating device 30 for example, those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2006-55885 and 2007-196279 are used. As shown in FIG.
- the glass diffuser plate 32 is interposed between the laser oscillator 31 and the piston substrate 1a.
- the laser oscillator 31 is formed by laminating a plurality of laser diode bars, and emits a single bundle of parallel laser beams 33 from the diameter direction to the lower layer coating 21 applied to the curved upper surfaces of the skirt portions 8 and 9. It comes to irradiate.
- the glass diffusing plate 32 is for uniformly scattering the laser beam 33 to make the energy density of the entire lower layer coating 21 uniform.
- the output energy density of the left and right regions 21a and 21a is increased while the output energy density of the central region 21b is set lower than that of the left and right regions 21a and 21a. It is set to. That is, the left and right regions 21a and 21a have high heat dissipation from the piston base 1a, which is an aluminum alloy material, so that the energy density of the laser beam 33 is increased, and the central region 21b has low heat dissipation and the energy density of the laser beam 33 is reduced.
- the heating temperature of the entire lower layer coating 21 is made uniform by setting it low.
- Table 1 shows the laser heating in a state where the blending amount of graphite G, carbon black B, and molybdenum disulfide M as the black solid lubricant of the lower layer coating 21 and the blending amount of polyamideimide as the binding resin are changed.
- the drying time (sec) was verified by experiment by irradiating a laser beam 33 having an energy density of 30 W / cm 2 by the apparatus 30.
- No. No. 1 is a case where only polyamideimide as a binding resin was applied, and in this case, it was not dried.
- the graphite G content is 5 or 10 wt% and the polyamideimide is 95 or 90 wt%.
- the drying time of the lower layer coating 21 is 18 seconds, 13 seconds, 10 seconds or more. I have.
- the content of carbon black B was set to 2 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%, respectively, and the corresponding polyamideimide content was set.
- the drying time was 33 seconds, 20 seconds, It takes 11 seconds and more than 10 seconds.
- the molybdenum disulfide M content was set to 10 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively, and the corresponding polyamideimide content was set. However, in this case, the drying time was 14 seconds and 12 seconds. It was.
- the content of graphite G was set to 5 wt%, 5 wt%, and 0 wt%, respectively, and the content of molybdenum disulfide M was set to 10 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%, respectively.
- the drying time was 12 seconds, 15 seconds, 11 seconds, and more than 10 seconds.
- the content of graphite G was set to 15 wt% to 60 wt%, and the corresponding polyamide imide content was No. 4 to No.
- the drying time of the lower layer coating 21 is 8 seconds to 10 seconds, and the content of carbon black B is set to 15 wt% and 20 wt%. 13 and no. 14, the drying time is 8 seconds and 10 seconds.
- the laser beam 33 is absorbed by black components such as graphite G, molybdenum disulfide M, and carbon black B, and the graphite G, molybdenum disulfide M, carbon black B, and the like generate heat.
- the amount of absorption of the laser beam 33 is relative to the volume fraction of the components such as graphite G present in the coating, and the larger the volume fraction, the greater the amount of heat absorbed, but the amount of heat absorbed at a certain volume fraction. Becomes constant. This is because the amount of heat absorbed increases in accordance with the ratio of these components covering the area hit by the laser beam 33, but when the volume ratio is reached, the entire area is covered.
- the drying time can be suppressed to 10 seconds or less.
- the output energy density of the laser beam 33 for example, No. 1 shown in Table 1 above. 6 coating composition, that is, a paint containing 30 wt% of graphite G and 70 wt% of polyamideimide as a binding resin is applied to the surface of the skirt portion 8 so as to have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m. 33 was irradiated for 10 seconds, and the surface temperature was measured with a thermoviewer.
- Table 2 summarizes the results of this experiment. According to the results of this experiment, drying ends when the temperature reaches 113 ° C to 239 ° C, regardless of the magnitude of the output energy density or the thickness of the applied piston part. I understood. Therefore, in order to dry in 10 seconds, it is necessary to heat at a heating rate of 11.3 to 23.9 ° C./sec.
- the heating rate when irradiated with the laser beam 33 is 11.3 ° C./sec or less, a portion that is not dried remains, and when the heating rate is 23.9 ° C./sec, the solvent evaporates rapidly during the heating process. 21 swelled and the solvent could eventually ignite, and a healthy coating could not be obtained.
- the output energy density of the laser beam 33 is adjusted to fall within 11.3 to 23.9 ° C./sec. I knew it was good.
- this drying time is 10 seconds or less. Can be processed in a very short time.
- the lower coating 21 is directly heated by the laser beam 33 with a fixed lubricating coating such as graphite G, the temperature rise of the piston substrate 1a itself is reduced. For this reason, since cooling after drying is unnecessary, there is no need to install a cooling device. Thereby, the processing time of the film forming step can be further shortened, and the formation cost can be further reduced.
- the adhesion of the lower layer coating 21 to the piston substrate 1a is excellent, and in particular, the solid lubricant of the upper layer coating 22 has at least a molybdenum disulfide M content of 50 wt% to 95 wt%.
- FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which two laser oscillators 31, 31 of the laser heating device 30 are provided, and between the oscillators 31, 31 and the skirt portions 8, 9, a glass diffusion plate 32, 32 is arranged.
- the two laser oscillators 31, 31 are arranged on both sides in the width direction of the lower layer coating 21 applied to the skirt portions 8, 9 of the piston base material 1 a, and each is in the radial direction of the piston base material 1 a.
- the left and right regions 21a and 21a of the lower layer film 21 are irradiated with laser beams 33 and 33, and the central region 21b is irradiated with the laser beams 33 and 33 without overlapping.
- the energy density of the laser beams 33 and 33 is higher in the left and right regions 21a and 21a having higher heat dissipation than the central region 21b of the lower layer coating 21, the energy density for the lower layer coating 21 is made uniform overall. be able to.
- FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, in which six laser oscillators 31 of the laser heating device 30 are provided, and one glass diffusion plate 32 is provided between each of the oscillators 31a to 31f and the skirt portions 8 and 9. It is arranged.
- the six laser oscillators 31a to 31f are arranged three above and below along the width direction of the lower layer coating 21 applied to the skirt portions 8 and 9 of the piston base material 1a. From the radial direction of 1a, the left and right regions 21a, 21a ', 21c, 21c' and the central regions 21b, 21b 'of the lower layer film 21 are respectively irradiated with the laser beam 33, and the laser beams 33 are irradiated in a state where they do not overlap each other. Yes.
- the entire lower layer film 21 is divided into six parts, and the output energy density of the left and right regions 21a, 21a ′, 21c, and 21c ′ of the lateral width W is higher than that of the central regions 21b and 21b ′. It is set high. That is, as described in the first embodiment, the left and right regions 21a, 21a ′, 21c, and 21c ′ have high heat dissipation from the pair of apron portions 11 and 12 of the piston base portion 1a that is an aluminum alloy material.
- the energy density of each laser beam 33 of the four laser oscillators 31a to 31d on both sides is increased, and since the central regions 21b and 21b ′ have low heat dissipation, the energy density of each laser beam 33 of the two center laser oscillators 31e and 31f is decreased.
- the heating temperature of the entire lower layer coating 21 is made uniform.
- the output energy density of the regions 21a, 21b, and 21c on the crown portion 7 side is set higher than the regions 21a ', 21b', and 21c 'on the crankshaft side.
- the regions 21a, 21b, and 21c on the crown portion 7 side have high heat dissipation from the crown portion 7, and thus increase the energy density of each laser beam 33 of the three laser oscillators 31a, 31e, and 31c on the crown portion 7 side.
- the heat dissipation is low on the crankshaft side, the energy density of the three laser oscillators 31b, 31f, 31d on the crankshaft side is set lower than that on the crown 7 side, and the heating temperature of the entire lower layer coating 21 is made uniform. It has come to become.
- among the six laser oscillators 31a to 31f it is only necessary to increase the energy density as the heat capacity in the region of the skirt portions 8 and 9 increases.
- the number of laser oscillators and one laser oscillator The area irradiated with can be changed according to the conditions.
- the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment.
- the lower layer film 21 is irradiated with a laser beam 33 at a temperature rising rate of 11.3 to 23.9 ° C./sec for 10 seconds or less. Then, after drying, it is possible to further increase the energy density and perform the baking treatment.
- the heating can be performed at a higher temperature increase rate than during the drying.
- the degree of firing is determined by the temperature reached by heating for 10 seconds.
- the degree of achievement of firing is determined by an adhesion test. In this test, a cross-cut is made in the lower layer film, and then immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 200 hours, and then a tape peel test is performed to obtain the peel area.
- Table 3 shows this result. According to this, it can be seen that sufficient adhesion can be obtained when the temperature reaches 230 ° C. or higher.
- one, two, or six laser oscillators 31 are used. However, it is difficult to achieve uniform temperature as the number of laser oscillators 31 is small. It is also possible to achieve homogenization by locally cooling the inside of 9.
- the solid lubricating coating is not limited to two layers, and may be a multilayer having more than this.
- the solid lubricating film of the present invention can be widely applied to sliding members for various uses in an oil lubrication environment and a dry lubrication environment.
- the epoxy resin, polyimide resin, and polyamide-imide resin, which are the binding resins for the multilayer coating, are excellent in adhesion, so any substrate can be selected.
- base materials such as cast iron, steel, and copper alloys can be used. It can be applied to the material.
- the application to the piston 1 of the internal combustion engine as in the above-described embodiment, particularly the thrust side skirt portion 8 and the anti-thrust side skirt portion 9 is preferable.
- the application object of the present invention is not limited to the piston of the internal combustion engine, and can also be applied when a solid lubricant film is formed on the surface of another sliding member.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記結合樹脂が5wt%未満になると、結合力の低下によって下層被膜21との密着性が低下し、逆に50wt%を超えると固体潤滑剤が相対的に少なくなるため、初期馴染み性が低下する。
以下、ピストン基材1aの各スカート部8,9の表面に下層被膜21と上層被膜22を形成する具体的な被膜形成方法を図5に基づいて説明する。
レーザー光線33の出力エネルギー密度を決定するために、前記表1で示す例えばNo.6の成分配合、つまりグラファイトGが30wt%、結合樹脂であるポリアミドイミドが70wt%に配合した塗料を、厚さが30μmとなるようスカート部8の表面に塗布して種々の出力エネルギー密度でレーザー光線33を10秒間照射して表面温度をサーモビュアーで計測した。
図10は本発明の第2実施形態を示し、レーザー加熱装置30のレーザー発振器31、31を2つ設けると共に、各発振器31,31とスカート部8、9との間にガラス製拡散板32,32を配置したものである。
図11は本発明の第3実施形態を示し、レーザー加熱装置30のレーザー発振器31を6つ設けると共に、各発振器31a~31fとスカート部8、9との間に一つのガラス製拡散板32を配置したものである。
1a…ピストン基材
3…シリンダ壁面
8…スラスト側スカート部
9…反スラスト側スカート部
21…下層被膜
22…上層被膜
30…レーザー加熱装置
31…レーザー発振器
31a~31f…レーザー発振器
32…ガラス製拡散板
33…レーザー光線
Claims (20)
- 内燃機関のピストンのスカート部の外面に複層の固体潤滑被膜を形成する被膜形成方法であって、
下層固体潤滑被膜は、少なくともグラファイトを含有する材料とし、
前記下層固体潤滑被膜を前記スカート部の外面に塗布した後に、レーザーを照射して乾燥させ、
最上層固体潤滑被膜を塗布した後に、焼成処理を施すことを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項1に記載の被膜形成方法において、
前記複層は、前記スカート部の外面に直接塗布される第1固体潤滑被膜と、該第1固体潤滑被膜の上に塗布される第2固体潤滑被膜とからなり、
前記第1固体潤滑被膜の固体潤滑剤は、グラファイトを最も多く含有し、
前記第2固体潤滑被膜の固体潤滑剤は、二硫化モリブデンを最も多く含有していることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項2に記載の被膜形成方法において、
前記第1固体潤滑被膜と第2固体潤滑被膜は、結合樹脂材であるポリアミドイミド樹脂またはポリイミド樹脂の少なくとも1種を含有していることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項3に記載の被膜形成方法において、
前記第1固体潤滑被膜は、前記固体潤滑剤の含有量が50wt%未満に設定されている一方、
前記第2固体潤滑被膜は、前記固体潤滑剤の含有量が50~95wtに設定されていることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 内燃機関のピストンのスカート部の外面に複層の固体潤滑被膜を形成する被膜形成方法であって、
下層固体潤滑被膜は、黒色となる成分を含有する材料とし、
前記下層固体潤滑被膜を、前記スカート部に塗布した後に、11.3~23.9℃/secの昇温速度でレーザー光線を照射して乾燥させ、
最上層固体潤滑被膜を塗布した後に、焼成処理を行うことを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項5に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記下層固体潤滑剤は、グラファイトを含有する材料であることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項5に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記下層固体潤滑剤は、カーボンブラックを含有する材料であることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項5に記載の被膜形成方法であって、前記レーザー光線の照射時間は、10~25秒であることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。
- 内燃機関のピストンのスカート部に固体潤滑被膜を形成する被膜形成方法であって、
前記固体潤滑被膜は黒色となる成分を含有する材料とし、
前記固体潤滑被膜を前記スカート部に塗布した後に、固体潤滑被膜にレーザー光線を照射して固化したことを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項9に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記レーザー光線を照射する時間が所定時間を経過した後に、前記レーザー光線のエネルギー密度を大きくすることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項10に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記固体潤滑被膜が乾燥するまでは、前記レーザー光線のエネルギー密度を小さい状態を維持し、
前記固体潤滑被膜が乾燥した後は、前記レーザー光線のエネルギー密度を大きくすることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項11に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記レーザー光線を照射し始めてから10秒間は、前記レーザー光線の昇温速度を11.3~23.9℃/secに維持し、
前記レーザー光線を照射し始めてから10秒を超えると、前記レーザー光線の昇温速度が23.9℃/secを超えるようにしたことを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項9に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記レーザー光線は、前記スカート部に対して一方向から照射すると共に、前記レーザー光線の照射部からスカート部の表面までの距離が長いほど前記レーザー光線のエネルギー密度を大きくすることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項9に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記スカート部に対して複数の位置からレーザー光線を照射することを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項14に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記複数の位置から照射されるレーザー光線は、前記スカート部の湾曲面に対して放線方向に沿って照射されるようになっていることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項10に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記レーザー光線は、前記スカート部の放熱性に応じてエネルギー密度を変化させるようになっていることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項16に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記レーザー光線は、複数のレーザー発振器から照射されるようになっており、それぞれの前記レーザー発振器のエネルギー密度を、前記スカート部における放熱性の高い部位ほど高くするようにしたことを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項17に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記レーザー光線は、燃焼室を画成する冠部側の方を、クランクシャフト側の方よりもエネルギー密度を高くすることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 請求項18に記載の被膜形成方法であって、
前記レーザー光線は、前記スカート部の周方向中央領域よりも、その周方向両側の領域のエネルギー密度を高くすることを特徴とする被膜形成方法。 - 黒色となる成分を含有する被膜を塗布した後に、レーザー光線を照射して乾燥または焼成処理を行うことを特徴とする被膜形成方法。
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JP2006055885A (ja) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-03-02 | Sakaguchi Dennetsu Kk | レーザ加熱装置 |
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