WO2014073699A1 - Combination capacitor/lead acid battery - Google Patents

Combination capacitor/lead acid battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014073699A1
WO2014073699A1 PCT/JP2013/080542 JP2013080542W WO2014073699A1 WO 2014073699 A1 WO2014073699 A1 WO 2014073699A1 JP 2013080542 W JP2013080542 W JP 2013080542W WO 2014073699 A1 WO2014073699 A1 WO 2014073699A1
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
lead
coupling device
pulse circuit
acid battery
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PCT/JP2013/080542
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊雄 阿部
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スペースリンク株式会社
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Priority to CN201380070168.3A priority Critical patent/CN105144461B/en
Publication of WO2014073699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014073699A1/en
Priority to HK16103160.0A priority patent/HK1215332A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a capacitor lead assembled battery. More specifically, a means for applying a pulsed voltage for applying energy for decomposing and removing the non-conductive lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ) film formed by the sulfation phenomenon on the electrode in the electrolyte and a capacitor are mounted.
  • the assembled battery and its coupling device More specifically, a means for applying a pulsed voltage for applying energy for decomposing and removing the non-conductive lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ) film formed by the sulfation phenomenon on the electrode in the electrolyte and a capacitor are mounted.
  • the assembled battery and its coupling device is mounted.
  • a power storage device such as a vehicle such as an automobile or a server generally includes a secondary storage battery such as a lead secondary storage battery (hereinafter referred to as a secondary storage battery) as a power storage device.
  • a secondary storage battery such as a lead secondary storage battery (hereinafter referred to as a secondary storage battery)
  • secondary storage batteries can withstand relatively long use due to their high energy density, but once overdischarged, it takes time to recharge, so an electric double layer capacitor can be used as an auxiliary power storage device.
  • a system to be used has been proposed. For example, a configuration has been proposed in which an electric double layer capacitor is connected separately from a secondary storage battery for driving an electronic device load (engine starter) that consumes a large current during operation (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • the withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is required to be 19 V or more. There was a problem that it was not easy.
  • lead-acid batteries are often used as secondary batteries, but there is a problem that sulfation formed on the electrodes shortens the battery life. This is a phenomenon in which lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ) generated by the discharge of the lead storage battery is deposited on the electrode plate in the electrolytic solution depending on the discharge conditions and gradually grows to form a nonconductive film. As a result, the internal resistance increases, the output voltage decreases, and it becomes unusable in a short time.
  • PbSO 4 lead sulfate
  • a method and an apparatus for disassembly and removal by applying a pulsed voltage of a lead sulfate film generated in lead batteries described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 are known. Since such an electrical energy source is obtained from the lead storage battery itself, a pulsed electrical energy generator may be connected to the external electrode of the lead storage battery. In this way, a pulsed voltage is always applied from the external electrode.
  • the technique of connecting a pulsed electric energy generator to a lead storage battery can prevent crystallization of lead oxide, but cannot prevent deterioration of the electrode material due to a rapid change in discharge current.
  • Deterioration factors of lead-acid batteries include electrode deterioration caused by crystallization of lead sulfate and sudden change in load current. Therefore, a sufficient life extension effect cannot be obtained even if one of the deteriorations is prevented.
  • the present invention provides an electric pulse circuit for suppressing deterioration of a lead storage battery electrode caused by the generation (crystallization) of lead sulfate and deterioration of the lead storage battery electrode due to a sudden change in load current.
  • the present invention also has an object to use an electric double layer capacitor as the capacitor, and to be able to be attached to an automobile engine room together with a lead storage battery.
  • the present invention provides a capacitor lead assembled battery characterized by the following.
  • a lead-acid battery having a cathode terminal and an anode terminal, comprising a capacitor, a pulse circuit, and a coupling device in which a filter is disposed between them, wherein the capacitor and the pulse circuit are connected to the cathode terminal and the anode terminal.
  • the lead battery is an electric double layer capacitor.
  • the electric double layer capacitor is a lead-acid assembled battery using a carbon nanotube film, sheet, impregnated nonwoven fabric, or resin molded body as a polarizable electrode.
  • the capacitor and the pulse circuit are simultaneously connected to the lead storage battery.
  • an electric pulse can be applied to the lead storage battery while supplying current from the capacitor to the electronic device load. That is, power is supplied exclusively from a capacitor having a high power density to an electronic device load through which a large current flows, and power is supplied from a secondary storage battery to an electronic device load having a small change. For this reason, the lead storage battery is not stressed and the deterioration is reduced.
  • a pulse generation circuit is used to prevent the crystallization (sulfation prevention) of lead sulfate in lead-acid batteries.
  • energy is concentrated in a frequency band of about 1 MHz.
  • the frequency range of the current input to and output from the capacitor is within several KHz.
  • This circuit consists of an inductor and a resistor. Set the cutoff frequency to about 1 MHz. In this way, the impedance of the capacitor viewed from the pulse circuit side becomes extremely large, and no pulse flows into the capacitor side.
  • the capacitor and the pulse circuit can be connected to the lead-acid battery at the same time, and the deterioration of the lead-acid battery can be strongly prevented.
  • the coupling device according to the present invention can be miniaturized and can be attached to the outside of the lead battery and between the terminals.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration viewed from the upper surface of a capacitor lead assembled battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration viewed from the side.
  • the lead live battery 101 has a cathode terminal 102 and an anode terminal 103 attached thereto.
  • the coupling device 200 is attached between the terminals. Attachment is by means of adhesives or adhesive tape.
  • the coupling device 200 has a form of being enclosed in the housing 201. Of course, it is not limited to this.
  • the coupling device is connected to the cathode terminal 102 and the anode terminal 103 by a wire 202. Connection is by means of lug terminals and screwing.
  • FIG. 3 is a layout diagram inside the casing 201 illustrating the configuration of the coupling device 200, and is (A) a plane layout diagram and (B) a side layout diagram.
  • a pulse circuit 203 In the coupling device 200, a pulse circuit 203, a filter 204, and a capacitor 205 are arranged.
  • the pulse circuit 203 may be a normal pulse circuit using a timer IC as a transmission source, for example.
  • the configuration of this part may be a normal one.
  • the pulse circuit 203, the filter 204, and the capacitor 205 can be combined and attached to the printed circuit board 208, housed in the housing 201, and the terminals of the pulse circuit 203 and the capacitor 205 can be drawn out to the outside by the wire 202.
  • the structure of the pulse circuit 203 is shown in FIG. For example, a steep pulse with a pulse width of 1 microsecond and about 25 V is generated at a frequency of about 1 kHz. This condition has been confirmed experimentally.
  • the output signal of the pulse circuit is connected to the cathode terminal 102 and the anode terminal 103.
  • the capacitor 205 is similarly connected to the terminal, but is connected via the filter 204.
  • the capacity of the capacitor 205 may be, for example, about 1F at 21V (6 3.5V capacitors are connected in series). This is because the energy can be supplied to a load of 3000 W for about 0.1 seconds with this level of energy.
  • the capacitor 205 can be, for example, an electric double layer capacitor. If a high voltage electric double layer capacitor is obtained from a commercial product, the volume increases, and if there is a problem in mounting, a carbon nanotube capacitor can be used. In this case, the volume of the capacitor can be reduced to half or less.
  • a carbon nanotube capacitor comprises a polarizable electrode made of carbon nanotubes.
  • the polarizable electrode is a film or sheet obtained from the synthesis process of single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, a resin-nonwoven fabric impregnated with dispersed carbon nanotubes, a resin-nonwoven fabric, or a resin binder. It may be a body. More preferably, it is a carbon nanotube film, sheet, or nonwoven fabric impregnated body.
  • the size can be reduced, and the coupling device can be easily arranged in a narrow space on the lead storage battery.
  • the filter 204 is provided between the terminal of the capacitor 205 and the terminal of the pulse circuit 203.
  • the filter 204 is a so-called high-pass filter, and includes, for example, a resistor 206 and an inductor 207, and has characteristics as shown in FIG. A signal of 1 kHz or higher cannot pass. Therefore, the pulse waveform is not affected. This is an important point of this device. If this coupling device 200 is not used, sufficient measures for preventing deterioration cannot be taken, which is very important.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made.
  • the capacitor 205 is built in the coupling device 200, the same effect can be obtained even if it is externally provided. In this case, a large-capacity capacitor can be used.
  • capacitors such as a button type, an aluminum laminate pack type, and a cylindrical type. Any method can be used similarly.
  • the combination of the lead-acid battery and the coupling device can achieve a long life of the capacitor lead-acid assembled battery, and the conventional one having only about 3 to 5 years can obtain a life of 10 to 15 years. It becomes possible. This brings about a very big profit also in the electrical storage apparatus in wind power or solar power generation, and also in the lead acid battery for motor vehicles.
  • Lead livestock batteries and capacitors are the safest of all current storage devices. In a situation where a large-scale power storage system is required, a safe power storage device is always required. Compared with the power storage device of the lithium ion battery and the proposed capacitor lead assembled battery, the volume of the capacitor lead assembled battery can be reduced by about 50% to 30%. This reverses the superiority of the lithium ion battery, and the cycle deterioration is solved by this device, so that a power storage device that is no less inferior to the lithium ion battery is realized.
  • Capacitor Lead Battery 101 Lead Battery 102 Cathode Terminal 103 Anode Terminal 200 coupling device 201 housing 202 wire 203 pulse circuit 204 filter 205 capacitor 206 resistor 207 inductor 208 printed circuit board

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

　Combination capacitor/lead batteries, in which a lead acid battery is combined with a capacitors, require the simultaneous use of a pulse circuit and a capacitor. However, the problem has arisen whereby the capacitor affects the pulse circuit, and the pulse disappears. A lead acid battery is provided with a coupling device having a capacitor, a pulse circuit and a filter. Sulfation is prevented and abrupt changes in discharge current are smoothed so that the pulse waveform is not affected, greatly ameliorating the degradation of the lead acid battery.

Description

キャパシタ鉛組み電池Capacitor lead battery
　本発明は、キャパシタ鉛組み電池に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、電解液中の電極にサルフェーション現象で形成される非伝導性の硫酸鉛（ＰｂＳＯ4）皮膜を分解除去するためのエネルギーを付与するパルス状の電圧を印加する手段と、キャパシタを搭載した組み電池とその結合装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a capacitor lead assembled battery. More specifically, a means for applying a pulsed voltage for applying energy for decomposing and removing the non-conductive lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ) film formed by the sulfation phenomenon on the electrode in the electrolyte and a capacitor are mounted. The assembled battery and its coupling device.
　従来から、自動車等の車両やサーバなどの蓄電装置では鉛二次蓄電池等の二次蓄電池（以下二次蓄電池と称する）を蓄電装置として備える構成が一般的である。また、近年では、二次蓄電池はエネルギ密度が大きいため比較的長時間の使用に耐え得る一方で、一旦過放電となると再充電に時間を要するため、電気二重層キャパシタを補助的な蓄電装置として利用するシステムが提案されている。たとえば、動作時に大電流を消費する電子機器負荷（エンジン始動装置）の駆動用に、二次蓄電池とは別に電気二重層キャパシタを接続する構成が提案されている（たとえば特許文献１および２）。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a power storage device such as a vehicle such as an automobile or a server generally includes a secondary storage battery such as a lead secondary storage battery (hereinafter referred to as a secondary storage battery) as a power storage device. In recent years, secondary storage batteries can withstand relatively long use due to their high energy density, but once overdischarged, it takes time to recharge, so an electric double layer capacitor can be used as an auxiliary power storage device. A system to be used has been proposed. For example, a configuration has been proposed in which an electric double layer capacitor is connected separately from a secondary storage battery for driving an electronic device load (engine starter) that consumes a large current during operation (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
　最近では、燃費の向上を目的として、エンジンをアイドリングストップする、いわゆるエコドライブシステムを搭載した車両が利用され始めた。そこでは、車両が一時的に停止した場合に、所定のエンジン条件でエンジンのアイドリングを強制的に止め、また再始動する。これにより、排気ガスの排出量が削減され、かつ燃費が向上する。この種のエコドライブ車においては、エンジンの再始動を迅速に行なう必要があるので、エンジンを電子機器負荷の起動するための電子機器負荷の電源として、従来の二次蓄電池に代えて、瞬時に大きい電力を放電できる電気二重層キャパシタを採用することが試みられている。 Recently, for the purpose of improving fuel efficiency, vehicles equipped with a so-called eco-drive system that stops idling the engine have begun to be used. There, when the vehicle is temporarily stopped, engine idling is forcibly stopped and restarted under predetermined engine conditions. As a result, the amount of exhaust gas discharged is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved. In this type of eco-drive vehicle, it is necessary to quickly restart the engine. Therefore, instead of using a conventional secondary storage battery as an electronic device load power source for starting the engine with an electronic device load, Attempts have been made to employ electric double layer capacitors capable of discharging large electric power.
　ただ、電気二重層キャパシタおよび二次蓄電池の両方を備えた蓄電装置において、電気二重層キャパシタの耐圧が１９Ｖ以上必要なため、現在使用されている活性炭電気二重層キャパシタでは大型になりエンジンルームに取り付けるのが容易ではないという問題があった。 However, in a power storage device equipped with both an electric double layer capacitor and a secondary storage battery, the withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor is required to be 19 V or more. There was a problem that it was not easy.
　一方、二次電池には鉛蓄電池が良く用いられるが、電極に形成されるサルフェーションが電池寿命を短縮させるという問題がある。鉛蓄電池の放電によって生成する硫酸鉛（ＰｂＳＯ4）が、放電条件等によって電解液中の電極板上に析出し、次第に成長して不導体皮膜を形成する現象である。これによって内部抵抗が増大し、出力電圧が低下して短期間に使用不能になることが問題となっている。 On the other hand, lead-acid batteries are often used as secondary batteries, but there is a problem that sulfation formed on the electrodes shortens the battery life. This is a phenomenon in which lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ) generated by the discharge of the lead storage battery is deposited on the electrode plate in the electrolytic solution depending on the discharge conditions and gradually grows to form a nonconductive film. As a result, the internal resistance increases, the output voltage decreases, and it becomes unusable in a short time.
　このような硫酸鉛皮膜の成長阻止の為には、放電条件、温度、振動等を細心の注意を持って管理する必要がある。しかしながら、実際に使用者が絶えずこのような注意をはかることは極めて困難である。そこで、パルス状の電圧を外部電極から常時印加するようにし、パルス状電気エネルギーにて硫酸鉛（ＰｂＳＯ4）皮膜を常に分解除去して大きく成長させないことで問題解決する技術が開発されている。 In order to prevent the growth of the lead sulfate film, it is necessary to carefully manage discharge conditions, temperature, vibration, and the like. However, it is extremely difficult for a user to take such care constantly. Therefore, a technique has been developed that solves the problem by constantly applying a pulsed voltage from an external electrode and constantly removing and removing the lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ) film by pulsed electric energy so as not to grow greatly.
　たとえば、特許文献３および４に記載された鉛電池に生ずる硫酸鉛皮膜のパルス状電圧の印加による分解除去方法と装置が公知である。かかる電気エネルギー源は鉛蓄電池自体から得られるので、鉛蓄電池の外部電極にパルス状電気エネルギー発生器を接続すればよい。こうすれば、パルス状の電圧が外部電極から常時印加される。 For example, a method and an apparatus for disassembly and removal by applying a pulsed voltage of a lead sulfate film generated in lead batteries described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 are known. Since such an electrical energy source is obtained from the lead storage battery itself, a pulsed electrical energy generator may be connected to the external electrode of the lead storage battery. In this way, a pulsed voltage is always applied from the external electrode.
　しかしながら、パルス状電気エネルギー発生器を鉛蓄電池に接続する技術では酸化鉛の結晶化を防止することはできるが、放電電流が急激に変化することによる電極材の劣化を防止することはできない。鉛蓄電池の劣化要因には、硫酸鉛の結晶化と負荷電流の急変に起因する電極の劣化があるため、片方の劣化を防止しても十分な寿命延長効果が得られない。 However, the technique of connecting a pulsed electric energy generator to a lead storage battery can prevent crystallization of lead oxide, but cannot prevent deterioration of the electrode material due to a rapid change in discharge current. Deterioration factors of lead-acid batteries include electrode deterioration caused by crystallization of lead sulfate and sudden change in load current. Therefore, a sufficient life extension effect cannot be obtained even if one of the deteriorations is prevented.
　放電電流の急激な変化という負荷変動を平準化することは鉛蓄電池の寿命の延長にとって重要となる。この観点から、前記のとおりのキャパシタを鉛蓄電池に接続することが考慮される。 It is important for leveling the load fluctuations of sudden changes in discharge current to extend the life of lead-acid batteries. From this point of view, it is considered to connect the capacitor as described above to the lead acid battery.
　つまり、キャパシタを接続することと、電気パルス回路を接続することを同時に行うことである。ところが、電気パルス回路とキャパシタを接続するとパルスがキャパシタに吸収され、効果がなくなるという大きな問題点がある。 That is, connecting the capacitor and connecting the electric pulse circuit at the same time. However, when the electric pulse circuit and the capacitor are connected, the pulse is absorbed by the capacitor and there is a big problem that the effect is lost.
特開平９－２４７８５６号JP-A-9-247856 特開平１０－１９１５７６号公報JP-A-10-191576 WO 2004/030138WO 2004/030138 WO 2004/030137WO 2004/030137
　本発明は、以上のとおりの背景から、硫酸鉛の生成（結晶化）にともなう鉛蓄電池の電極の劣化と、負荷電流の急変に起因する鉛蓄電池の電極の劣化とを抑えるために電気パルス回路とキャパシタを鉛蓄電池に接続するに際し、電気パルス回路からのパルスがキャパシタに吸収されることなく有効に作用させることのできる新しい技術的手段を提供することを課題としている。 In view of the background as described above, the present invention provides an electric pulse circuit for suppressing deterioration of a lead storage battery electrode caused by the generation (crystallization) of lead sulfate and deterioration of the lead storage battery electrode due to a sudden change in load current. When connecting the capacitor to the lead-acid battery, it is an object to provide a new technical means that can effectively operate the pulse from the electric pulse circuit without being absorbed by the capacitor.
　また、本発明は、前記キャパシタとして、電気二重層キャパシタを用いたものとして、しかも鉛蓄電池とともに自動車エンジンルームに取り付けることができるものとすることも課題としている。 Further, the present invention also has an object to use an electric double layer capacitor as the capacitor, and to be able to be attached to an automobile engine room together with a lead storage battery.
　本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、以下のことを特徴とするキャパシタ鉛組み電池を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a capacitor lead assembled battery characterized by the following.
　１．陰極端子と陽極端子を有する鉛蓄電池において、キャパシタとパルス回路とこれらの間にフィルタを配置した結合装置が設けられ、前記陰極端子と陽極端子にキャパシタとパルス回路が接続されているキャパシタ鉛組み電池。 1. A lead-acid battery having a cathode terminal and an anode terminal, comprising a capacitor, a pulse circuit, and a coupling device in which a filter is disposed between them, wherein the capacitor and the pulse circuit are connected to the cathode terminal and the anode terminal. .
　２．前記結合装置では、キャパシタが外部に分離されて設置されているキャパシタ鉛組み電池。 2. In the coupling device, a capacitor lead assembled battery in which a capacitor is separated and installed outside.
　３．前記キャパシタは、電気二重層キャパシタである鉛組み電池。 3. The lead battery is an electric double layer capacitor.
　４．前記の電気二重層キャパシタは、カーボンナノチューブのフィルム、シート、不織布への含浸体、または樹脂成形体を分極性電極としているキャパシタ鉛組み電池。 4. The electric double layer capacitor is a lead-acid assembled battery using a carbon nanotube film, sheet, impregnated nonwoven fabric, or resin molded body as a polarizable electrode.
　５．以上のキャパシタ鉛組み電池用の結合装置であって、キャパシタとパルス回路とこれらの間に設けられたフィルタとが連結され、鉛蓄電池の陰極端子と陽極端子にキャパシタとパルス回路が接続されるようにしたことを特徴とする結合装置。 5. A coupling device for a capacitor lead assembled battery as described above, wherein the capacitor, the pulse circuit, and the filter provided therebetween are connected, and the capacitor and the pulse circuit are connected to the cathode terminal and the anode terminal of the lead storage battery. A coupling device characterized by that.
　以上のように、本発明においてはキャパシタとパルス回路を同時に鉛蓄電池に接続する。これにより、キャパシタから電子機器負荷への電流供給を行いながら電気パルスを鉛蓄電池に印加することができる。すなわち、大きな電流が流れる電子機器負荷には専らパワー密度の高いキャパシタから給電を行い、変化が少ない電子機器負荷に対しては二次蓄電池から給電を行う。このため、鉛蓄電池にはストレスがかからず、劣化が低減される。 As described above, in the present invention, the capacitor and the pulse circuit are simultaneously connected to the lead storage battery. Thereby, an electric pulse can be applied to the lead storage battery while supplying current from the capacitor to the electronic device load. That is, power is supplied exclusively from a capacitor having a high power density to an electronic device load through which a large current flows, and power is supplied from a secondary storage battery to an electronic device load having a small change. For this reason, the lead storage battery is not stressed and the deterioration is reduced.
　鉛蓄電池の硫酸化鉛の結晶化防止（サルフェーション防止）のためにパルス発生回路を用いている。パルスの周波数分布は１MHｚ程度の周波数帯にエネルギーが集中している。ところが、キャパシタに入出力する電流の周波数範囲は数KHｚ以内である。この周波数差を利用して、両者の影響を分離することができる。つまり、低周波を阻止するフィルタを用いて、パルスが消滅しないようにする。 A pulse generation circuit is used to prevent the crystallization (sulfation prevention) of lead sulfate in lead-acid batteries. In the pulse frequency distribution, energy is concentrated in a frequency band of about 1 MHz. However, the frequency range of the current input to and output from the capacitor is within several KHz. By using this frequency difference, the influences of both can be separated. That is, the pulse is prevented from disappearing by using a filter that blocks low frequencies.
　この回路はインダクタと抵抗とで構成される。そのカットオフ周波数を約１MHzに設定する。こうすると、パルス回路側から見たキャパシタのインピーダンスがきわめて大きくなり、キャパシタ側へパルスが流れ込むことは無い。 This circuit consists of an inductor and a resistor. Set the cutoff frequency to about 1 MHz. In this way, the impedance of the capacitor viewed from the pulse circuit side becomes extremely large, and no pulse flows into the capacitor side.
　本発明に係る結合装置を用いれば、キャパシタとパルス回路を同時に鉛畜電池に接続することが可能となり、鉛蓄電池の劣化を強力防止することができる。 If the coupling device according to the present invention is used, the capacitor and the pulse circuit can be connected to the lead-acid battery at the same time, and the deterioration of the lead-acid battery can be strongly prevented.
　本発明に係る結合装置は小型が可能であり、鉛電池の外側、端子間に取り付けることができる。 The coupling device according to the present invention can be miniaturized and can be attached to the outside of the lead battery and between the terminals.
　以下、図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。まず、図１には、本発明の実施の形態に係るキャパシタ鉛組み電池の上面から見た構成が例示されている。図２には、側面から見た構成が例示されている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration viewed from the upper surface of a capacitor lead assembled battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration viewed from the side.
　鉛畜電池１０１には陰極端子１０２と陽極端子１０３が取り付けられている。この端子の間に結合装置２００を取り付ける。取り付けは接着材や接着テープなどの手段による。結合装置２００は、筐体２０１への内封の形態を有している。もちろんこれに限定されることはない。また、結合装置はワイヤ２０２により、陰極端子１０２と陽極端子１０３へ接続する。接続はラグ端子とネジ止めなどの手段による。 The lead live battery 101 has a cathode terminal 102 and an anode terminal 103 attached thereto. The coupling device 200 is attached between the terminals. Attachment is by means of adhesives or adhesive tape. The coupling device 200 has a form of being enclosed in the housing 201. Of course, it is not limited to this. The coupling device is connected to the cathode terminal 102 and the anode terminal 103 by a wire 202. Connection is by means of lug terminals and screwing.
　図３は、結合装置２００の構成を例示している筐体２０１内の配置図であって、（Ａ）平面配置図と（Ｂ）側面配置図である。結合装置２００では、パルス回路２０３、フィルタ２０４、およびキャパシタ２０５が配置されている。パルス回路２０３は、例えば、タイマICを発信源とした通常のパルス回路であってよい。この部分の構成については通常のものでもよい。例えば、パルス回路２０３とフィルタ２０４およびキャパシタ２０５を組み合わせてプリント基板２０８に取り付け、筐体２０１に収納しワイヤ２０２で上記のパルス回路２０３とキャパシタ２０５の端子を外部へ引き出す構造とすることができる。 FIG. 3 is a layout diagram inside the casing 201 illustrating the configuration of the coupling device 200, and is (A) a plane layout diagram and (B) a side layout diagram. In the coupling device 200, a pulse circuit 203, a filter 204, and a capacitor 205 are arranged. The pulse circuit 203 may be a normal pulse circuit using a timer IC as a transmission source, for example. The configuration of this part may be a normal one. For example, the pulse circuit 203, the filter 204, and the capacitor 205 can be combined and attached to the printed circuit board 208, housed in the housing 201, and the terminals of the pulse circuit 203 and the capacitor 205 can be drawn out to the outside by the wire 202.
　パルス回路２０３の構造は例えば図４に示される。例えば、パルス幅１マイクロ秒、２５V程度の急峻なパルスを１KHｚ程度の頻度で発生する。この条件は実験的に効果が確認されている。 The structure of the pulse circuit 203 is shown in FIG. For example, a steep pulse with a pulse width of 1 microsecond and about 25 V is generated at a frequency of about 1 kHz. This condition has been confirmed experimentally.
　パルス回路の出力信号は陰極端子１０２と陽極端子１０３に接続される。一方、キャパシタ２０５も同様に端子へ接続されるが、フィルタ２０４を経由して接続される。 The output signal of the pulse circuit is connected to the cathode terminal 102 and the anode terminal 103. On the other hand, the capacitor 205 is similarly connected to the terminal, but is connected via the filter 204.
　キャパシタ２０５の容量は、例えば２１Ｖ（３．５Ｖのキャパシタを６個直列接続する）で１Ｆ程度でよい。この程度のエネルギーで３０００Ｗの負荷に０．１秒程度はエネルギーを供給できるからである。 The capacity of the capacitor 205 may be, for example, about 1F at 21V (6 3.5V capacitors are connected in series). This is because the energy can be supplied to a load of 3000 W for about 0.1 seconds with this level of energy.
　キャパシタ２０５については例えば、電気二重層キャパシタとすることができる。高耐圧電気二重層キャパシタを市販品から入手すると容積が大きくなり、実装に問題がある場合には、カーボンナノチューブキャパシタを用いるっことができる。この場合、キャパシタの体積を半分以下にできる。カーボンナノチューブキャパシタは、分極性電極をカーボンナノチューブにより構成するものである。この場合の分極性電極は、単層または多層のカーボンナノチューブの合成過程より得られるフィルムまたはシートや、分散処理したカーボンナノチューブを樹脂不織布、導電性樹脂不織布に含浸されたものや、樹脂バインダーとともに成形体としたものであってもよい。より好ましくはカーボンナノチューブのフィルム、シート、もしくは不織布含浸体である。カーボンナノチューブキャパシタにすると小型化が可能であって、鉛蓄電池上の狭い空間に結合装置を配置しやすくなる。 The capacitor 205 can be, for example, an electric double layer capacitor. If a high voltage electric double layer capacitor is obtained from a commercial product, the volume increases, and if there is a problem in mounting, a carbon nanotube capacitor can be used. In this case, the volume of the capacitor can be reduced to half or less. A carbon nanotube capacitor comprises a polarizable electrode made of carbon nanotubes. In this case, the polarizable electrode is a film or sheet obtained from the synthesis process of single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, a resin-nonwoven fabric impregnated with dispersed carbon nanotubes, a resin-nonwoven fabric, or a resin binder. It may be a body. More preferably, it is a carbon nanotube film, sheet, or nonwoven fabric impregnated body. When the carbon nanotube capacitor is used, the size can be reduced, and the coupling device can be easily arranged in a narrow space on the lead storage battery.
　フィルタは２０４はキャパシタ２０５の端子とパルス回路２０３の端子の間に設けられる。フィルタ２０４はいわゆるハイパスフィルターであって、例えば、抵抗２０６とインダクタ２０７とで構成されるもので、図５のような特性を持つ。１ＫＨｚ以上の信号は通過することができない。したがって、パルスの波形に影響が生じない。このことが、この考案の重要な点である。この結合装置２００を用いないと、十分な劣化防止対策がとれないこととなるので、非常に重要なものである。 The filter 204 is provided between the terminal of the capacitor 205 and the terminal of the pulse circuit 203. The filter 204 is a so-called high-pass filter, and includes, for example, a resistor 206 and an inductor 207, and has characteristics as shown in FIG. A signal of 1 kHz or higher cannot pass. Therefore, the pulse waveform is not affected. This is an important point of this device. If this coupling device 200 is not used, sufficient measures for preventing deterioration cannot be taken, which is very important.
　なお、本発明は、上記各実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形が可能である。たとえば、結合装置２００にキャパシタ２０５が内蔵されているが、これを外づけにしても同様の効果がある。この場合には大容量のキャパシタを用いることもできる。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made. For example, although the capacitor 205 is built in the coupling device 200, the same effect can be obtained even if it is externally provided. In this case, a large-capacity capacitor can be used.
　また、キャパシタは、ボタン型やアルミラミネートパック形、円筒形など種々あり得る。いずれの方法でも同様に用いることができる。 Also, there are various types of capacitors such as a button type, an aluminum laminate pack type, and a cylindrical type. Any method can be used similarly.
　以上説明したように、鉛蓄電池と結合装置との組み合わせにより、キャパシタ鉛組み電池の高寿命化が達成でき、従来３年から５年程度しか持たないものが、１０年から１５年の寿命を得ることが可能となる。
このことは、風力や太陽発電における蓄電装置において、また自動車用鉛畜電池においても、きわめて大きな利益をもたらすものである。
鉛畜電池とキャパシタは現在考えられている蓄電素子の中で最も安全性の高いものである。大規模な蓄電システムが必要となる状況の中で、安全な蓄電装置が必ず求められることとなる。
なお、リチウムイオン電池の蓄電装置と本提案のキャパシタ鉛組み電池と比較すると、キャパシタ鉛組み電池のほうが体積が５０％から３０％程度小さくできる。このことは、リチウムイオン電池の優位性を覆すもので、サイクル劣化を本装置により解決するので、もはやリチウムイオン電池に勝るとも劣らない蓄電装置が実現する。 As explained above, the combination of the lead-acid battery and the coupling device can achieve a long life of the capacitor lead-acid assembled battery, and the conventional one having only about 3 to 5 years can obtain a life of 10 to 15 years. It becomes possible.
This brings about a very big profit also in the electrical storage apparatus in wind power or solar power generation, and also in the lead acid battery for motor vehicles.
Lead livestock batteries and capacitors are the safest of all current storage devices. In a situation where a large-scale power storage system is required, a safe power storage device is always required.
Compared with the power storage device of the lithium ion battery and the proposed capacitor lead assembled battery, the volume of the capacitor lead assembled battery can be reduced by about 50% to 30%. This reverses the superiority of the lithium ion battery, and the cycle deterioration is solved by this device, so that a power storage device that is no less inferior to the lithium ion battery is realized.
本発明の実施の形態に係るキャパシタ鉛組み電池の上面から見た構成図である。It is the block diagram seen from the upper surface of the capacitor lead assembled battery concerning an embodiment of the invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係るキャパシタ鉛組み電池の側面から見た構成図である。It is the block diagram seen from the side of the capacitor lead assembled battery concerning an embodiment of the invention. 結合装置の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of a coupling device. 結合装置の回路例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the circuit example of a coupling device. 結合装置においてフィルタの周波数特性を例示する図である。It is a figure which illustrates the frequency characteristic of a filter in a coupling device.
１００　キャパシタ鉛組み電池
１０１　鉛畜電池
１０２　陰極端子
１０３　陽極端子
　
２００　結合装置
２０１　筐体
２０２　ワイヤ
２０３　パルス回路
２０４　フィルタ
２０５　キャパシタ
２０６　抵抗
２０７　インダクタ
２０８　プリント基板 100 Capacitor Lead Battery 101 Lead Battery 102 Cathode Terminal 103 Anode Terminal
200 coupling device 201 housing 202 wire 203 pulse circuit 204 filter 205 capacitor 206 resistor 207 inductor 208 printed circuit board

Claims (5)

  1. 　陰極端子と陽極端子を有する鉛蓄電池において、キャパシタとパルス回路とこれらの間にフィルタを配置した結合装置が設けられ、前記陰極端子と陽極端子にキャパシタとパルス回路が接続されていることを特徴とするキャパシタ鉛組み電池。 In a lead-acid battery having a cathode terminal and an anode terminal, a capacitor, a pulse circuit, and a coupling device in which a filter is disposed between them are provided, and the capacitor and the pulse circuit are connected to the cathode terminal and the anode terminal, Capacitor lead assembled battery.
  2. 　請求項１のキャパシタ鉛組み電池において、結合装置では、キャパシタが外部に分離されて設置されていることを特徴とするキャパシタ鉛組み電池。 The capacitor lead assembled battery according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor is separated and installed in the coupling device.
  3. 　前記キャパシタは、電気二重層キャパシタであることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載のキャパシタ鉛組み電池。 The capacitor lead assembled battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor.
  4. 　前記電気二重層キャパシタは、カーボンナノチューブのフィルム、シート、不織布への含浸体、または樹脂成形体であることを特徴とする請求項３に記載のキャパシタ鉛組み電池。 4. The capacitor lead assembled battery according to claim 3, wherein the electric double layer capacitor is a carbon nanotube film, sheet, impregnated nonwoven fabric, or resin molded body.
  5. 　請求項１から４のうちのいずれか一項に記載されたキャパシタ鉛組み電池用の結合装置であって、キャパシタとパルス回路とこれらの間に設けられたフィルタとが連結され、鉛蓄電池の陰極端子と陽極端子にキャパシタとパルス回路が接続されるようにしたことを特徴とする結合装置。 A coupling device for a lead-acid battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a capacitor, a pulse circuit, and a filter provided therebetween are connected, and the cathode of the lead-acid battery A coupling device characterized in that a capacitor and a pulse circuit are connected to a terminal and an anode terminal.
PCT/JP2013/080542 2012-11-12 2013-11-12 Combination capacitor/lead acid battery WO2014073699A1 (en)

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JP3143629U (en) * 2008-05-19 2008-07-31 株式会社サン自動車工業 Lead battery maintenance equipment
JP2012022809A (en) * 2010-07-12 2012-02-02 Masstech:Kk Deterioration-free lead acid battery

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CN2865028Y (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-01-31 黑龙江恒瑞达通讯设备有限公司 Pulse sulfuration damper for lead-acid accumulator
CN201188442Y (en) * 2008-02-18 2009-01-28 孙建朋 Maintenance apparatus for 2V large-capacity lead acid battery

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3143629U (en) * 2008-05-19 2008-07-31 株式会社サン自動車工業 Lead battery maintenance equipment
JP2012022809A (en) * 2010-07-12 2012-02-02 Masstech:Kk Deterioration-free lead acid battery

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