WO2014073059A1 - ガスタービン発電設備 - Google Patents
ガスタービン発電設備 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014073059A1 WO2014073059A1 PCT/JP2012/078886 JP2012078886W WO2014073059A1 WO 2014073059 A1 WO2014073059 A1 WO 2014073059A1 JP 2012078886 W JP2012078886 W JP 2012078886W WO 2014073059 A1 WO2014073059 A1 WO 2014073059A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow rate
- power generation
- gas turbine
- generation facility
- voltage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/46—Emergency fuel control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/06—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas
- F02C6/08—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas the gas being bled from the gas-turbine compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
- F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
- F02C9/52—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by bleeding or by-passing the working fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/48—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant
- F02C9/50—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow
- F02C9/54—Control of fuel supply conjointly with another control of the plant with control of working fluid flow by throttling the working fluid, by adjusting vanes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
- H02P9/105—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for increasing the stability
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
- F05D2270/021—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/09—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
- F05D2270/091—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular sudden load loss
Definitions
- This invention relates to the gas turbine power generation equipment which comprises the local system
- the power system is a power equipment network that includes power generation equipment, substation equipment, switching equipment, and loads, and sends the generated power of each power generation equipment to the loads.
- power generation facilities that make up the power system depending on the energy source of power generation.
- power generation facilities that use renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass (naturally variable power generation facilities) ) Is expected to increase significantly in the future.
- Naturally variable power generation facilities are likely to cause instability in the power system, and therefore various measures are required to guarantee the quality of power supplied to the power system.
- wind power generators and solar power generators can be used to achieve stable power system operation when irregular power is generated by natural power sources.
- Environmentally compatible power supply equipment and gas turbine generator (highly environmentally compatible power supply equipment) are connected as power supply equipment, and a wide-area small power load (for example, a house) and a concentrated power load (for example, an office building) Has been disclosed (Japanese Patent No. 4053965).
- the control method starts the gas / diesel generator and the gas turbine generator when the amount of power demand exceeds the power generated by the wind power generator and the solar power generator, and initially supplements the power with the gas / diesel generator. Shift to electric power from the gas turbine generator, and when the amount of demand increases further, close the switch to receive power from the bus, operate the gas turbine generator to meet the heat load demand, and recover waste heat Heat is supplied from the apparatus to the heat transport facility.
- the wind power generation system is an induction machine type wind power generator that generates power from the rotational force of wind power, a device that detects the rotation speed and voltage, and is connected in parallel to the induction machine type wind power generator to adjust reactive power when necessary.
- AC excitation generator that can be used, and a device that performs secondary excitation control of the AC excitation generator when the detection device detects an abnormality in rotational speed or voltage. To stabilize the rotation speed and voltage of the induction machine type wind power generator.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine power generation facility capable of suppressing a step-out when a system fault such as a momentary voltage drop occurs in a local system having a natural fluctuation type power generation facility and a gas turbine power generation facility.
- the present invention provides a gas turbine power generation facility that supplies power together with a natural variation type power generation facility in a local system linked to a power system, wherein the flow rate of fuel supplied to a combustor is reduced.
- step-out can be suppressed even in the event of a system failure, so that disconnection of the gas turbine power generation facility can be avoided.
- FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram showing an overall configuration diagram of a gas turbine power generation facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a local system 50 connected to the power system 7 is configured together with a natural fluctuation type power generation facility 30.
- the natural-variable power generation facility 30 is a facility that generates power using renewable energy.
- the power supply source thus obtained is represented by a power source 34 (for example, a generator, a battery, or the like).
- the power source 34 is connected to the power system 7 via a transformer 35 and a circuit breaker 36.
- wind power, geothermal, sunlight, etc. can be utilized as renewable energy, the kind is not specifically limited.
- a plurality of power generation facilities 30 may be arranged and connected to the power system 7 respectively.
- a gas turbine power generation facility (gas turbine plant) 10 includes a gas turbine compressor 1 that compresses air 101 (atmospheric pressure) to generate high-pressure combustion air 102, and compressed air 102 and fuel introduced from the compressor 1.
- a gas turbine combustor 2 that burns 200 and generates combustion gas 103; a turbine 3 into which the combustion gas 103 generated in the combustor 2 is introduced; and a generator 4 that is driven by the turbine 3 to generate electric power;
- a control device 400 that executes various control processes related to the gas turbine power generation facility 10 is provided.
- the compressor 1 and the generator 4 are each mechanically connected to the turbine 3, and the turbine 3 rotated by the combustion gas 103 drives the compressor 1 and the generator 4.
- the generator 4 is connected to an electric power system 7 via an electric wire, and a transformer 5 and a circuit breaker 6 are installed on the electric wire line.
- the electric power generated by the generator 4 is converted into a predetermined voltage by the transformer 5 and supplied to the power system 7 (load) via the circuit breaker 6.
- a control signal is input to the circuit breaker 6 from a control device 400 (FRT curve comparator 404 (described later)), and opening / closing of the circuit breaker 6 is appropriately controlled according to the control signal.
- An instrument transformer 401 is installed in parallel with the transformer 5 on the electric line on the generator 4 side with the circuit breaker 6 as a reference.
- the instrument transformer 401 is a device for detecting the voltage of the power system 7, and the voltage of the power system 7 detected by the instrument transformer 401 is output to the control device 400 (amplitude calculator 402 (described later)). Has been.
- the gas turbine power generation facility 10 further includes a fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201, a suction flow rate adjustment valve 100, and a bleed valve 105.
- the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 201 is for adjusting the flow rate of fuel supplied to the combustor 2, and is installed in the fuel system 200 for supplying gas turbine fuel to the combustor 2.
- the opening degree of the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 201 is changed, the flow rate of the fuel introduced into the combustor 2 is adjusted, and the power generation output of the gas turbine is adjusted.
- a control signal is input to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 from the control device 400, and the opening degree of the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 is controlled based on the control signal.
- the suction flow rate adjustment valve 100 is for adjusting the flow rate of the suction air to the compressor 1 and is installed on the suction side (inlet side) of the compressor 1.
- the opening degree of the suction flow rate adjusting valve 100 is changed, the flow rate of the compressed air introduced into the compressor 1 is adjusted, and thereby the flow rate of the compressed air introduced into the combustor 2 is adjusted.
- the flow rate adjustment by the suction flow rate adjustment valve 100 is mainly performed when the compressor 1 is started.
- a control signal is input from the control device 400 to the suction flow rate adjusting valve 100, and the opening degree of the suction flow rate adjusting valve 100 is controlled based on the control signal.
- the suction flow rate adjusting valve 100 is illustrated as the intake flow rate adjusting device of the compressor 1, but the opening degree of a plurality of inlet guide vanes installed on the suction side (inlet side) of the compressor 1 is controlled by the control device 400. It may be controlled.
- a control signal is output from the control device 400 to the drive source related to the drive mechanism of the inlet guide vane (for example, the drive source to the gear drive mechanism, the link mechanism), and the opening degree of the inlet guide vane is controlled. Control may be performed based on the signal.
- the bleed valve 105 is for adjusting the bleed flow rate of the air (discharge air) discharged from the compressor 1 and reaching the combustor 2, and a part of the discharge air of the compressor 1 is combusted to the combustor 2.
- the extraction system 104 is a pipeline that connects the discharge side of the compressor 1 and the downstream side of the turbine 3.
- the control device 400 shown in FIG. 1 includes an amplitude calculator 402, an abnormality determiner 403, and an FRT curve comparator 404.
- the amplitude calculator 402 is a part that executes processing for calculating the amplitude of the voltage of the power system 7 (time change in voltage) based on the voltage of the power system 7 output from the instrument transformer 401.
- the voltage amplitude of the power system 7 calculated here is output to the abnormality determination unit 403 and the FRT curve comparator 404.
- the abnormality determiner 403 is a part that executes processing for determining whether an abnormality has occurred in the power system 7 (downstream of the generator 4) based on the voltage v input from the amplitude calculator 402. Specifically, the case where the voltage v is suddenly reduced to less than the predetermined threshold Vo within a predetermined time is determined as “abnormal”, and the case where the voltage v is equal to or higher than the threshold Vo is determined as “normal”. If the abnormality determiner 403 determines that an abnormality has occurred based on the voltage v, it outputs a control signal for rapidly closing and opening the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 (according to the control signal). Specific changes in the fuel flow rate will be described later).
- the threshold value Vo is the voltage of the power system 7 when the voltage of the power system 7 is momentarily reduced when an abnormality occurs, such as when a part of the power system 7 is short-circuited by a lightning strike or the like.
- the value is determined in consideration of a specific change mode, and may be a constant value as in the example of FIG. 3 or a value having a predetermined range.
- the FRT curve comparator 404 is a part that executes a process of determining whether or not “abnormality” is continuously generated based on the voltage v after the abnormality determination unit 403 determines that an abnormality has occurred. is there. If it is determined that the abnormality continues in this process, the FRT curve comparator 404 outputs a control signal for opening the circuit breaker 6 to the circuit breaker 6, and disconnects the generator 4 from the power system 7.
- the threshold value related to the determination is defined by a function (V (t)) of time t, and determination processing is performed based on whether or not the voltage v may reach below the threshold value.
- V (t) serving as a threshold value in the example of FIG. 3
- FRT curve Fault-Ride-Through curve
- FRT is a function or ability to continue operation without disconnection even if voltage fluctuation or frequency fluctuation occurs in the event of a system fault (at the time of instantaneous voltage drop). The voltage range that allows continuous operation in the event of an accident shall be indicated.
- control device 400 has, as a hardware configuration, an arithmetic processing device (for example, a CPU) (not shown) for executing various control programs including control described later, and various data including the control program.
- Storage device for example, semiconductor memory (ROM, RAM), magnetic storage device (disk drive), etc.) (not shown), and input / output device (not shown) for inputting / outputting various data It has.
- the arithmetic circuits 402 to 403 shown in FIG. 1 do not have to be separate from each other, and two or more arithmetic circuit functions may be mounted on a certain arithmetic unit.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a control process executed by the control device 400 related to the gas turbine power generation facility 10 shown in FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a time change in voltage of the power system 7.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 3 has shown time passage (t), and a vertical axis
- the amplitude calculator 402 inputs the voltage of the power system 7 from the instrument transformer 401 (S210), and calculates the voltage amplitude v of the power system 7 based on the input value. Calculate (S220). Then, the calculated voltage amplitude v is output to the abnormality determination unit 403 and the FRT curve comparator 404.
- the abnormality determiner 403 that has input the voltage amplitude v determines whether or not the voltage amplitude v is equal to or greater than the threshold value Vo.
- the abnormality determiner 403 determines that the voltage of the power system 7 is normal, and the control device 400 returns to the beginning and repeats the processing after S210.
- the abnormality determination unit 403 has detected an abnormality in the voltage of the power system 7 (for example, a part of the power system 7 is short-circuited due to a lightning strike, etc. It is determined that a voltage drop has occurred. In the example of FIG. 3, the system voltage v is normally held until time t1, but then the voltage v suddenly drops to less than Vo at time t1 and the abnormality determination unit 403 is abnormal. Make a decision.
- the abnormality determiner 403 When it is determined in S230 that an abnormality has occurred, the abnormality determiner 403 outputs a control signal to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 so that the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 is suddenly opened and closed (S240).
- the “rapid opening / closing” here means that the opening is instantaneously closed to a predetermined opening degree at the time of abnormality determination in S230, and then the opening is instantaneously opened to a predetermined opening degree after a predetermined time has elapsed (the “rapid opening / closing” described later).
- the specific content of the control signal (flow command value) of the fuel flow control valve 201 in S240 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of a control signal output from the abnormality determiner 403 to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 in S240.
- the horizontal axis indicates the passage of time
- the vertical axis indicates the flow rate of the gas turbine fuel.
- the sudden closing / opening signal of the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 201 is immediately set to a value smaller by ⁇ G from the flow rate command value before the abnormality determination (normal time) at the time of abnormality determination (time t1). Is done. Then, the value is held for a predetermined control time ( ⁇ [seconds]), and immediately after the elapse of ⁇ [seconds], the flow rate command value before the abnormality determination is immediately set again.
- ⁇ G is preferably as large as possible from the viewpoint of preventing the generator 4 from stepping out, and conversely, as small as possible from the viewpoint of preventing the flame disappearance of the combustor 2. Therefore, from the viewpoint of maximizing the effect of preventing the disappearance of the flame and the step-out, it is preferable to change ⁇ G according to the magnitude of the flow rate command value before the abnormality determination. That is, ⁇ G is a relatively large value when the flow rate command value before abnormality determination is relatively large, and a relatively small value when it is relatively small.
- the flow rate at the time of abnormality is set based on the flow rate before the determination of abnormality
- the flow rate at the time of abnormality may be set independently from the flow rate before the determination of abnormality. For example, by determining the minimum value of the flow rate command value that can prevent the loss of flame, and controlling the flow rate command value above the minimum value regardless of the magnitude of the flow rate command value before abnormality determination, the loss of flame is prevented. Also good.
- ⁇ in FIG. 4 indicates the duration of the instantaneous voltage drop (the time required from the voltage drop to recovery) and the flow rate command (control signal) to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 appear as a change in the rotational speed of the turbine 3.
- a time for maximizing the step-out prevention effect is set in advance. As a result, it is possible to respond sequentially to an instantaneous voltage drop that exhibits a significantly faster behavior than the response delay characteristics of the gas turbine.
- the gas turbine output only during the voltage drop is suppressed, and the output can be quickly restored when the voltage is restored.
- the increase (over-rotation) of the internal rotational energy of the gas turbine that cannot release the energy due to the instantaneous voltage drop is suppressed, and the step-out of the generator 4 can be prevented, and the desired energy is output from the gas turbine when the voltage is restored. it can. That is, according to the present embodiment, the disconnection of the gas turbine power generation facility can be avoided even when the instantaneous voltage drops, and the output variation compensation of the natural variation type power generation facility 30 can be continued, thereby stabilizing the system. be able to.
- the present embodiment further executes the following process assuming other system faults.
- the FRT curve comparator 404 determines whether or not the voltage amplitude v is greater than or equal to the threshold value V (t) (S250).
- the threshold value V (t) (FRT curve) is indicated by a bold line in the figure.
- the threshold value V (t) in the example of FIG. 3 is held at a predetermined time zero from the abnormality determination time t1, and then monotonously increases linearly until reaching the time t3.
- the example shown by the thin line b in FIG. 3 shows a case where an instantaneous voltage drop occurs at the time t1 and the fuel flow control in S240 and FIG. 4 is performed, but the voltage does not return thereafter.
- the thin line b intersects the FRT curve at time t2. That is, at time t2, it is determined by the FRT curve comparator 404 that the voltage v is less than the threshold value V (t), it is determined that a system fault that is not an instantaneous voltage drop has occurred, the circuit breaker 6 is opened, and the gas turbine is opened.
- the power generation facility 10 is disconnected from the system 7.
- the gas turbine can be protected even in the case of a system fault that is not an instantaneous voltage drop.
- the FRT curve comparator 404 determines in S250 that the voltage v is equal to or higher than the threshold value V (t) and determines that the system voltage continues to return to normal. If the FRT curve comparison is performed. The device 404 determines whether or not the time (t ⁇ t1) from the occurrence of the abnormality has reached a predetermined time To (S260). If it is determined in S260 that the time since the occurrence of the abnormality has not reached the time To, the process returns to S250 and the comparison between the voltage v and the threshold value V (t) is performed again. On the other hand, if it is determined that the time has reached To, it is determined that the voltage of the power system 7 has returned to normal (abnormality elimination), and the process returns to S210 and repeats the processing from S210.
- S260 a predetermined time To
- the time To in S260 indicates the time when the FRT curve comparator 404 repeats the abnormality determination related to S250, and also indicates the time when the threshold value V (t) is used from the time of the abnormality determination. Therefore, it is sufficient that the FRT curve as the threshold value V (t) is defined only for the time (To) from time t1 to time t3.
- the time To is set with reference to the time required for the system voltage to return to the voltage level (about V1) before the voltage drop, starting from the moment when the instantaneous voltage drop occurs (time t1). Yes.
- To in the example of FIG. 3 is the time required for the FRT curve defined in FIG. 3 to recover from the voltage value at the time of abnormality determination to the value before the occurrence of the abnormality.
- the FRT curve is used as the threshold V (t), but the threshold V (t) is not limited to the FRT curve.
- the threshold used in S250 is expressed as a function of time from the viewpoint of confirming that the system voltage v is recovered along the FRT curve with the passage of time. There is no need to represent it as a function.
- FIG. 5 is a system flow diagram showing an overall configuration diagram of the gas turbine power generation facility according to the second embodiment of the present invention (note that the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as in the previous drawings, and description thereof is omitted) (The same applies to the subsequent figures.)
- the abnormality determiner 403A of the gas turbine power generation facility shown in FIG. 5 determines that an abnormality has occurred based on the voltage v, it sends a control signal to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 and the bleed valve 105 or the suction flow rate adjustment valve 100. It is configured to output. That is, the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that in addition to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 as a control target in S240 after the abnormality determiner 403A determines that there is an abnormality in S230 of the flowchart of FIG. The purpose is to use the extraction valve 105 or the suction flow rate adjustment valve 100.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of control processing executed by the control device 400 according to the gas turbine power generation facility shown in FIG. Since the flowchart shown in this figure is the same as the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 except for S240A, the description of the processing except for S240A will be omitted.
- the abnormality determiner 403A causes the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 to rapidly open and close.
- a control signal is output to the flow rate adjusting valve 201, and at the same time, a control signal is output so that the bleed valve 105 is also suddenly opened and closed (S240A).
- the control signal for the bleed valve 105 is appropriately set so that continuous operation is possible even when the instantaneous voltage drops.
- the increase amount of the bleed amount during the control (a value corresponding to ⁇ G) is determined in consideration of the effect of preventing the disappearance of the flame and the step-out, and the increase time of the bleed amount (value corresponding to ⁇ ). Is determined in consideration of the voltage drop duration and response delay characteristics.
- the control signal for the suction flow rate adjustment valve 100 is set as appropriate so that continuous operation is possible even when the instantaneous voltage drops.
- the amount of reduction in the suction flow rate during the control (a value corresponding to ⁇ G) is determined in consideration of the effect of preventing the disappearance of the flame and the step-out, and the reduction time of the extraction amount (value corresponding to ⁇ ). Is determined in consideration of the voltage drop duration and response delay characteristics.
- FIG. 7 is a system flow diagram showing an overall configuration diagram of a gas turbine power generation facility according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the control device 400 in the gas turbine power generation facility shown in FIG. 7 has a limiter 405 whose opening degree d is input from the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 as an input signal, and a determination result (described later) of the limiter 405 is one of the input signals.
- An abnormality determination unit 403B is provided.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a control process executed by the control device 400 according to the gas turbine power generation facility shown in FIG. Since the flowchart shown in this figure is the same as the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 except for S280 and S290, the description of the processing except these will be omitted.
- the limiter 405 determines that the opening degree d of the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 is A process of determining whether or not it is larger than the threshold value Do is executed (S280).
- the threshold value Do is a value set for preventing the flame disappearance of the combustor 2.
- the threshold value Do may be a constant value or a value having a predetermined range.
- the bleed valve 105 is controlled instead of the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201, and the abnormality determiner 403 ⁇ / b> B determines the bleed valve when the opening degree d is equal to or less than the threshold value Do.
- a control signal is output so that only 105 is suddenly opened and closed (S290).
- the suction flow rate adjustment valve 100 of the compressor 1 may be opened and closed simultaneously.
- the flow rate passing through the compressor 1 is also rapidly reduced and then returned to the original value, the balance between the flow rate and the pressure ratio of the compressor 1 can be maintained, and the compressor 1 can be easily operated within the operating limit. .
- the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 may be opened and closed simultaneously at S290.
- the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 201 may be opened and closed simultaneously at S290.
- the bleed valve 105 and the suction flow rate adjustment valve 100 have been described as different control objects, but both have a common function in controlling the amount of compressed air flowing into the combustor 2. That is, when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in S230, the flow rate of the compressed air to the combustor 2 is instantaneously controlled by controlling these compressed air flow rate adjusting devices (the extraction valve 105 and the suction flow rate adjusting valve 100). It may be reduced to a short time and returned instantaneously after a predetermined time.
- the threshold value (V (t)) according to S250 in each of the above embodiments may be appropriately changed according to the control mode of the control target in each of the embodiments.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications within the scope not departing from the gist thereof.
- the present invention is not limited to the one having all the configurations described in the above embodiment, and includes a configuration in which a part of the configuration is deleted.
- part of the configuration according to one embodiment can be added to or replaced with the configuration according to another embodiment.
- each configuration related to the above-described control device, functions and execution processing of each configuration, etc. are realized by hardware (for example, logic for executing each function is designed by an integrated circuit). May be.
- the configuration related to the control device may be a program (software) that realizes each function related to the configuration of the control device by being read and executed by an arithmetic processing device (for example, a CPU).
- Information related to the program can be stored in, for example, a semiconductor memory (flash memory, SSD, etc.), a magnetic storage device (hard disk drive, etc.), a recording medium (magnetic disk, optical disc, etc.), and the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、自然変動型電源による不定期電力の発生時における電力系統の安定運用の実現を図った技術として、風力発電機及び太陽光発電機(自然変動型電源)と、ガス/ディーゼル発電機(低環境適合性電源機器)と、ガスタービン発電機(高環境適合性電源機器)とを電源機器として連系させるとともに、広域小電力負荷(例えば、住宅)と、集中電力負荷(例えば、オフィスビル)を熱電負荷として連系させて得た局所系統の制御方法が開示されている(特許第4053965号公報)。当該制御方法は、風力発電機と太陽光発電機による電力を需要電力量が越えたら、ガス/ディーゼル発電機とガスタービン発電機を起動させ、はじめはガス/ディーゼル発電機で電力を補い、次いでガスタービン発電機による電力に移行させ、さらに需要電力量が増加したら開閉器を閉じて母線から電力の供給を受けるようにし、熱負荷需要に見合うようにガスタービン発電機を運転させ、排熱回収装置から熱輸送設備に熱を供給するものである。
上記のような背景のもと、電力系統に連系される局所的な系統(局所系統)として、再生可能エネルギーを利用する自然変動型発電設備(例えば、風力発電機や太陽光発電機等を有する発電設備)に、負荷追従性に優れたガスタービン発電設備を組合わせることで、電力品質の保証を図ったものがある。
この種の局所系統が連系する電力系統で予期せぬ瞬時電圧低下などの事故が発生した場合には、電力系統の電力品質保証の観点からは、上記した自然変動型発電設備の一斉解列を回避するだけでなく、ガスタービン発電設備も解列することなく運転を継続することが求められる。
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、電力系統に連系される局所系統において自然変動型発電設備とともに電力供給を行うガスタービン発電設備であって、燃焼器へ供給される燃料の流量を調整する燃料流量調整装置と、圧縮機で圧縮され前記燃焼器へ供給される圧縮空気の流量を調整する空気流量調整装置と、前記電力系統の電圧が閾値未満に低下したとき、前記燃料流量調整装置及び前記空気流量調整装置の少なくとも一方に制御信号を出力することで、前記燃料流量及び前記圧縮空気流量の少なくとも一方を瞬時に減少し、その後所定時間経過時に瞬時に復帰する制御装置とを備えるものとする。
図1は本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るガスタービン発電設備の全体構成図を表すシステムフロー図である。この図に示すガスタービン発電設備10は、電力系統7に連系される局所系統50を自然変動型発電設備30とともに構成している。
ガスタービン発電設備(ガスタービンプラント)10は、空気101(大気圧)を圧縮して高圧の燃焼用空気102を生成するガスタービン圧縮機1と、圧縮機1から導入される圧縮空気102と燃料200とを燃焼させて燃焼ガス103を生成するガスタービン燃焼器2と、燃焼器2で生成された燃焼ガス103が導入されるタービン3と、タービン3によって駆動されて発電する発電機4と、ガスタービン発電設備10に係る種々の制御処理が実行される制御装置400を備えている。
圧縮機1及び発電機4はそれぞれタービン3と機械的に連結されており、燃焼ガス103によって回転駆動されたタービン3は圧縮機1と発電機4を駆動する。発電機4は、電線を介して電力系統7に接続されており、当該電線路上には変圧器5と、遮断器6が設置されている。発電機4が発生した電力は、変圧器5で所定の電圧に変換され、遮断器6を介して電力系統7(負荷)に供給される。遮断器6には制御装置400(FRTカーブ比較器404(後述))から制御信号が入力されており、遮断器6の開閉は当該制御信号に応じて適宜制御される。遮断器6を基準として発電機4側の電線路上には、変圧器5と並列に計器用変圧器401が設置されている。計器用変圧器401は、電力系統7の電圧を検出するための機器であり、計器用変圧器401が検出した電力系統7の電圧は、制御装置400(振幅演算器402(後述))に出力されている。
図4は、S240で異常判定器403から燃料流量調整弁201に出力される制御信号の一例を示すグラフである。図中の横軸は時間経過を示し、縦軸はガスタービン燃料の流量を示す。この図に示すように、燃料流量調整弁201の急閉開信号は、まず、異常判定時(時刻t1)に、異常判定前(正常時)の流量指令値からΔGだけ小さい値に即座に設定される。そして、その値を所定の制御時間(τ[秒])だけ保持し、τ[秒]経過後は即座に異常判定前の流量指令値に再度設定される。
なお、ΔGは、発電機4の脱調防止の観点からはなるべく大きいほうが好ましく、逆に、燃焼器2の火炎消失防止の観点からはなるべく小さいほうが好ましい。そこで、火炎消失と脱調の防止効果を最大にする観点から、異常判定前の流量指令値の大小に応じてΔGを変化させることが好ましい。すなわち、ΔGは、異常判定前の流量指令値が比較的大きい場合には相対的に大きい値になり、比較的小さい場合には相対的に小さい値になる。また、ここでは異常判定前の流量を基準にして異常時の流量を設定する場合について説明したが、異常判定前の流量から独立して異常時の流量を設定しても良いことは言うまでもない。例えば、火炎消失防止が可能な流量指令値の最小値を決定しておき、異常判定前の流量指令値の大小に関わらず、当該最小値以上に制御することで、火炎消失の防止を図っても良い。
また、図4中のτは、瞬時電圧低下の継続時間(電圧低下から復旧までに要する時間)と、燃料流量調整弁201への流量指令(制御信号)がタービン3の回転数変化として現れるまでの応答遅れ特性とを考慮して、脱調防止効果を最大にする時間をあらかじめ設定しておくものとする。これによって、ガスタービンの応答遅れ特性と比較して大幅に速い挙動を示す瞬時電圧低下に対して、シーケンシャルに対応できる。
ここで上記したS250からS260に係る処理について、図3中に細線aで示した系統電圧の変化例を用いて説明する。細線aで示した例では、時刻t1で瞬時電圧低下の発生により電圧vは一時的にVo未満まで低下するが、その後、上記S240及び図4の燃料流量制御により異常発生前のV1程度の値まで復帰する。その電圧復帰の際、系統電圧vはFRTカーブ(閾値V(t))よりも早く電圧が上昇するので、S250で異常判定されることなくガスタービンが正常時に復帰する。
図5に示すガスタービン発電設備の異常判定器403Aは、電圧vに基づいて異常が発生したと判断した場合には、燃料流量調整弁201と抽気弁105又は吸込流量調整弁100に制御信号を出力するように構成されている。すなわち、本実施の形態と第1の実施の形態との違いは、図2のフローチャートのS230で異常判定器403Aが異常と判定した後のS240の制御対象として、燃料流量調整弁201に加えて抽気弁105又は吸込流量調整弁100を利用することにある。
S230で電圧vが閾値Vo未満であり、異常判定器403Aが電力系統7に異常が発生したと判定した場合には、異常判定器403Aは、燃料流量調整弁201が急閉開するように燃料流量調整弁201に制御信号を出力するとともに、これと同時に抽気弁105も急開閉するように制御信号を出力する(S240A)。抽気弁105に対する制御信号は、図4に示した燃料流量調整弁201に対する制御信号と同様に、瞬時電圧低下時にも継続運転が可能なように適宜設定する。さらに、当該制御時の抽気量の増加量(ΔGに対応する値)については火炎消失と脱調の防止効果を考慮して決定するものとし、抽気量の増加時間(τに対応する値)については電圧低下の継続時間と応答遅れ特性を考慮して決定するものとする。
これにより、吸込流量調整弁100を操作しないときに比べて、燃焼器2における燃焼空気流量に対する燃料の比の変化が小さくなって、 火炎の安定性を向上できる。それに加えて、タービンに流入する流量も急減するので、吸込流量調整弁100を操作しないときに比べて、ガスタービンの過回転を抑制する効果が高くなり、発電機の脱調を防止して、自然変動型発電設備30を備えた系統の安定化を継続できる。
そのため、この場合には、火炎消失防止のために燃料流量調整弁201に代えて抽気弁105を制御対象とし、異常判定器403Bは、開度dが閾値Do以下であった場合には抽気弁105のみを急開閉するように制御信号を出力する(S290)。
そこで、メタル温度上昇を抑制したい場合には、上記S290において、抽気弁105および吸込流量調整弁100の制御に加えて、同時に燃料流量調整弁201も急閉開しても良い。このように制御すると、燃焼器2における燃焼空気流量に対する燃料の比の適正化を図ることができるので、高温部品の寿命低下を抑制できる。また、燃料流量調整弁201を操作しないときに比べて、タービン3の過回転を抑制する効果がより向上するので、発電機4の脱調が防止でき、自然変動型発電設備30を備えた系統の安定化を継続できる。
1…圧縮機、2…燃焼器、3…タービン、4…発電機、5…変圧器、6…遮断器、7…電力系統、10…ガスタービン発電設備、30…自然変動型発電設備、50…局所系統、100…吸込流量調整弁、101…ガスタービン吸い込み空気(大気圧)、102…圧縮空気、103…燃焼ガス、104・・・抽気空気、105…抽気弁、200…燃料系統、201…燃料流量調整弁、400…制御装置、401…計器用変圧器、402…振幅演算器、403…異常判定器、404…FRTカーブ比較器、405…リミッタ
Claims (9)
- [規則91に基づく訂正 11.04.2013]
電力系統に連系される局所系統において自然変動型発電設備とともに電力供給を行うガスタービン発電設備であって、
燃焼器へ供給される燃料の流量を調整する燃料流量調整装置と、
圧縮機で圧縮され前記燃焼器へ供給される圧縮空気の流量を調整する空気流量調整装置と、
前記電力系統の電圧が閾値未満に低下したとき、前記燃料流量調整装置及び前記空気流量調整装置の少なくとも一方に制御信号を出力することで、前記燃料流量及び前記圧縮空気流量の少なくとも一方を、瞬時に減少し、その後所定時間経過時に瞬時に増加する制御装置とを備えることを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - 請求項1に記載のガスタービン発電設備において、
前記燃料流量調整装置は、
前記燃焼器へ供給される燃料の流量を調整する燃料流量調整弁であり、
前記空気流量調整装置は、
圧縮機への吸込み空気の流量を調整する吸気流量調整弁と、
前記圧縮機からの吐出空気の一部が前記燃焼器を迂回するための抽気系統に設けられ、前記圧縮機からの吐出空気の抽気流量を調整する抽気流量調整弁とであり、
前記制御装置は、前記電力系統の電圧が閾値未満に低下したとき、前記燃料流量調整弁の急閉開、前記吸気流量調整弁の急閉開及び前記抽気流量調整弁の急開閉のうち少なくとも1つを制御信号により実行することを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のガスタービン発電設備において、
前記ガスタービン発電設備を前記電力系統に接続する電線路上に設置された遮断器をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記電力系統の電圧が前記閾値未満に低下した状態が所定時間継続したとき、前記遮断器を制御信号により開くことで前記ガスタービン発電設備を前記電力系統から解列することを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - 請求項2に記載のガスタービン発電設備において、
前記制御装置は、前記電力系統の電圧が前記閾値未満に低下した状態が所定時間継続した場合において前記燃料流量調整弁の開度が閾値以下のとき、前記燃料流量調整弁の開度を保持したまま前記抽気流量調整弁を制御信号により急開閉することを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - 請求項2に記載のガスタービン発電設備において、
前記制御装置は、前記電力系統の電圧が前記閾値未満に低下した状態が所定時間継続した場合において前記燃料流量調整弁の開度が閾値以下のとき、前記燃料流量調整弁の開度を保持したまま前記抽気流量調整弁の急開閉及び前記吸気流量調整弁の急閉開を制御信号により実行することを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - 請求項2に記載のガスタービン発電設備において、
前記制御装置は、前記電力系統の電圧が前記閾値未満に低下した状態が所定時間継続した場合において前記燃料流量調整弁の開度が閾値以下のとき、前記燃料流量調整弁の急閉開、前記抽気流量調整弁の急開閉及び前記吸気流量調整弁の急閉開を制御信号により実行することを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - 請求項2に記載のガスタービン発電設備において、
前記電力系統の電圧が前記閾値未満に低下したときの、前記燃料流量調整弁、前記吸気流量調整弁及び前記抽気流量調整弁のうち少なくとも1つが制御される際の各弁の開度及び当該制御時間は予め設定されていることを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 11.04.2013]
請求項2に記載のガスタービン発電設備において、
前記電力系統の電圧を測定するための測定手段をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記測定手段で測定された電圧に基づいて前記電力系統の電圧の振幅を演算し、当該演算された電圧振幅に基づいて、前記電力系統の電圧が閾値未満に低下したか否かを判定することを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 11.04.2013]
電力系統に連系される局所系統において自然変動型発電設備とともに電力供給を行うガスタービン発電設備の制御方法であって、
前記電力系統の電圧が系統事故の発生を示す閾値未満に低下したとき、ガスタービン燃料の流量とガスタービン燃焼器への圧縮空気流入量のうち少なくとも一方を、所定の値まで瞬時に減少させ、その後、所定時間経過後に瞬時に復帰させることを特徴とするガスタービン発電設備の制御方法。
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CN104919161B (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
US10174683B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
JP6012117B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
EP2918810A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
EP2918810A4 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
EP2918810B1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
JPWO2014073059A1 (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
US20150292416A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
CN104919161A (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
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