WO2014071800A1 - Method and apparatus for drying biomass raw material using biomass boiler flue gas - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for drying biomass raw material using biomass boiler flue gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071800A1
WO2014071800A1 PCT/CN2013/085685 CN2013085685W WO2014071800A1 WO 2014071800 A1 WO2014071800 A1 WO 2014071800A1 CN 2013085685 W CN2013085685 W CN 2013085685W WO 2014071800 A1 WO2014071800 A1 WO 2014071800A1
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Prior art keywords
flue gas
biomass
drying
raw materials
drying chamber
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PCT/CN2013/085685
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈义龙
张岩丰
李宏
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阳光凯迪新能源集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2014071800A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071800A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/04Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/14Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/02Biomass, e.g. waste vegetative matter, straw

Definitions

  • the invention relates to boiler waste heat utilization and energy saving and emission reduction technology, and specifically relates to a method and a device for drying biomass raw materials by using biomass boiler flue gas. Background technique
  • Biomass is an organic substance produced by plants through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed, widely available, cleaned with fossil energy, and has zero carbon dioxide emissions. It is an important renewable energy source.
  • Biomass feedstock generally contains a large amount of water. If it is not subjected to drying treatment before entering the boiler as a fuel, the calorific value per unit mass of biomass feedstock is low, resulting in a decrease in the overall efficiency of the biomass boiler and an increase in the biomass boiler feed pipe. The size of the road and the furnace leads to an increase in the cost of the boiler. Therefore, biomass feedstocks typically require pre-drying prior to entering the biomass boiler.
  • the traditional method of drying biomass feedstock requires the introduction of an external high-temperature drying medium, which is cumbersome in process, complicated in equipment, high in energy consumption, and high in investment cost.
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN101693248A proposes a method for drying biomass raw materials using high-temperature flue gas, which is dried by high-temperature flue gas and then heated. Pressurized to form a fluidized slurry.
  • this method requires the introduction of an external high-temperature drying medium, which has a great energy consumption and is currently unable to meet the increasingly high energy-saving and emission-reduction requirements of the national economy.
  • the Chinese utility model patent specification with the announcement number CN202032602U discloses an integrated system for pre-drying power generation of flue gas, which uses the preheating of flue gas to dry the lignite raw material of the boiler, but the drum device used for drying still needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, thereby Increased system operation difficulty and operating costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the existing structure of the existing biomass raw material drying technology, A drawback of high energy consumption, providing a method and apparatus for drying biomass feedstock using biomass boiler flue gas.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, economical process and good drying effect, and can effectively reduce the size of the biomass boiler system and greatly improve the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler system.
  • the method for drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas designed by the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the flue gas is first concentratedly transported to the hot air chamber disposed under the working surface of the crawler conveyor, and then escapes from the top of the hot air chamber, crossing the gap of the working surface of the crawler conveyor, and The dynamically transported biomass feedstock undergoes contact heat exchange.
  • the flue gas entering the drying chamber can be buffered and evenly distributed to the dynamically transported biomass feedstock for drying.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the drying chamber is controlled at 110 ⁇ 150 °C, preferably controlled at 120 ⁇ 130 °C; the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the drying chamber is controlled at 45 ⁇ 55 °C, preferably controlled At 48 ⁇ 50 °C.
  • the temperature of the flue gas entering the drying chamber is lower than the lowest precipitation temperature of the effective volatile component in the biomass material, which ensures that the biomass material has no effective component loss during the drying process; and the flue gas temperature output from the drying chamber is only high. At tens of degrees Celsius at room temperature, it ensures that the biomass raw materials make full use of the residual heat of the flue gas.
  • the transfer rate of the biomass material on the crawler conveyor is 0.2 to 0.8 m/s, and the residence time is 300 to 480 s; the average flow rate of the flue gas in the drying chamber is 8 to 15 m/s.
  • a device specially designed for realizing the above method for drying biomass raw materials by using biomass boiler flue gas comprising a dust remover and a drying chamber, wherein the drying chamber is provided with a crawler conveyor, the top of the drying chamber a biomass feed port and a flue gas outlet pipe are respectively disposed, wherein the bottom of the drying chamber is respectively provided with a biomass discharge port and a flue gas inlet pipe; the biomass feed port is located above the input end of the crawler conveyor, The biomass outlet is located below the output of the crawler conveyor, and the flue gas outlet pipe is connected to the input end of the precipitator through a booster fan, and the flue gas inlet pipe is connected to the output end of the precipitator through an induced draft fan.
  • a plurality of independent hot air chambers are arranged in parallel below the working surface of the crawler conveyor, and an air inlet branch is disposed at the bottom of the hot air chamber, and the air inlet branch is connected to the flue gas inlet tube,
  • the top of the hot air chamber is uniformly provided with a smoke diffusion hole. In this way, the flue gas entering the drying chamber can be buffered evenly across the working surface of the crawler conveyor to evenly dry the dynamically transported biomass feedstock.
  • a regulating valve is disposed on the intake branch pipe. In this way, the flue gas flow rate of each intake manifold can be conveniently adjusted to ensure uniform distribution of flue gas into each hot air chamber.
  • a hot air uniform device is disposed in the hot air chamber. In this way, the flow direction of the flue gas inside each hot air chamber can be adjusted to match the flue gas flow field to an optimum state.
  • the invention has the advantages that: the designed drying method directly uses the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the biomass boiler as a heat source, and dehydrates and dries the biomass raw material, thereby reducing the total mass of the biomass raw material.
  • More than 15% can remove about half of the water in the biomass material, so that the calorific value per unit mass of biomass material is greatly increased.
  • the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler system can be greatly improved, with considerable economic benefits; and the size of the feed line of the biomass boiler system can be reduced accordingly.
  • the flow of flue gas generated by the combustion of the dried biomass feedstock is relatively low, and the size of the entire biomass boiler system can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the cost of the boiler.
  • the humidity and flow rate of the flue gas generated during the combustion process are also significantly reduced. Therefore, when the flue gas discharged from the boiler is dedusted by the dust collector, the humidity and flow rate of the flue gas treated by the precipitator It also decreases correspondingly, which is conducive to improving dust removal efficiency.
  • the device designed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small investment, convenient adjustment of dry air volume and uniform distribution, and can well meet the requirements of drying of biomass raw materials. Although it has increased the energy consumption of adding some pipes and fans to overcome the system resistance, it has a low boiler cost and high thermal efficiency. Compared with the increased energy consumption ratio, the energy saving and emission reduction benefits of the whole system are obvious.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for drying biomass feedstock using biomass boiler flue gas.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic enlarged view of the portion of the drying chamber of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of the A-A section of Fig. 2;
  • the apparatus for drying biomass feedstock using biomass boiler flue gas including a precipitator 3 and a drying chamber 8 disposed between the biomass boiler 1 and the chimney 5, is shown.
  • the input of the precipitator 3 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 1, and the output of the precipitator 3 is connected to the chimney 5.
  • a crawler conveyor 7 is disposed in the drying chamber 8.
  • the top of the drying chamber 8 is respectively provided with a biomass feeding port 2 and a flue gas outlet pipe 17, and the bottom of the drying chamber 8 is respectively provided with a biomass discharging port 4 and a flue gas inlet pipe 11 respectively.
  • the biomass feed port 2 is located above the input of the track conveyor 7 and is connected to the silo 9.
  • the biomass discharge port 4 is located below the output of the track conveyor 7 and the dry biomass feedstock from the biomass discharge port 4 can be transported to the fuel inlet of the biomass boiler 1 via a transfer device.
  • the flue gas outlet pipe 17 is connected to the input end of the precipitator 3 via a booster fan 10, and the flue gas inlet pipe 11 is connected to the output end of the precipitator 3 via an induced draft fan 6.
  • a plurality of independent hot air chambers 15 are arranged in parallel below the working surface of the crawler conveyor 7.
  • the bottom portions of the hot air chambers 15 are provided with intake manifolds 12, and each of the intake manifolds 12 is simultaneously connected to the flue gas inlet pipe 11 and each An adjustment valve 13 is provided on the intake manifold 12.
  • a hot air distribution device 14 is also disposed in each of the hot air chambers 15 above the outlet of the intake manifold 12.
  • the hot air distribution device 14 is a horizontally fixed baffle, and a gap is left between the periphery and the hot air chamber 15 for dispersing the flue gas entering the hot air chamber 15.
  • the top of each hot air chamber 15 is uniformly provided with a flue gas diffusion hole 16, and the flue gas can uniformly pass through the flue gas diffusion hole 16 The working surface with the conveyor 7.
  • the above device uses the biomass boiler flue gas to dry the biomass raw material:
  • the biomass raw material to be burned stored in the silo 9 enters the working surface of the crawler conveyor 7 in the drying chamber 8 through the biomass feed port 2, and performs uninterrupted dynamic transmission, and finally outputs from the biomass discharge port 4. .
  • the transport speed of the biomass material on the crawler conveyor 7 is preferably 0.2 to 0.8 m/s, the optimum range is 0.4 to 0.6 m/s, the residence time is preferably 300 to 480 s, and the optimum range is 400 to 450 s;
  • the average flow rate in the drying chamber 8 is preferably 8 to 15 m/s, and the optimum range is 10 to 12 m/s.
  • the high-temperature flue gas emitted by the biomass boiler 1 enters the precipitator 3, and most of the dust impurities are removed to obtain a relatively clean flue gas.
  • a part of the relatively clean flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the bacon 5, and the other portion is pressurized by the draft fan 6, and enters the hot air chamber 15 in the drying chamber 8 through the flue gas inlet pipe 11 and the intake branch pipe 12.
  • the flue gas in each hot air chamber 15 is uniformly flowed by the hot air distributing device 14, and then escapes through the flue gas diffusion hole 16 at the top of the hot air chamber 15, so that the flue gas passes through the working surface of the crawler conveyor 7 from bottom to top.
  • the voids exchange heat with the dynamically transported biomass feedstock to remove some of the moisture from the biomass feedstock.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the drying chamber 8 is controlled to be 110 to 150 ° C, and the temperature at the outlet of the drying chamber 8 is 45 to 55 ° C.
  • the residual heat and temperature difference of the flue gas can be fully utilized to obtain a good drying effect.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the drying chamber 8 is 120 to 130 ° C, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the drying chamber 8 is 48 to 50 °C.
  • the flue gas used for heat exchange is led out of the drying chamber 8 through the flue gas outlet pipe 17, and is re-delivered to the dust collector 3 to continue the dust removal process; meanwhile, the dehydrated and dried biomass material is exported through the biomass discharge port 4.
  • the drying chamber 8 is used directly as a fuel or storage reserve for the biomass boiler 1.
  • the test shows that: when the flue gas inlet temperature of the drying chamber 8 is about 130 °C, the flue gas outlet temperature is about 50 °C, and the average flue gas flow rate is about 12 m/s, the biomass raw material passing through the drying chamber 8 can be Remove about 15% of the total mass of water. Since the flue gas temperature is lower than the lowest precipitation temperature of the volatiles in the biomass feedstock, there is no problem with the volatilization analysis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for drying a biomass raw material using biomass boiler flue gas. The method guides a biomass raw material onto a belt conveyor (7) inside a drying chamber (8), performs dynamic transmission, and introducing biomass boiler flue gas that has undergone dedusting processing to contact and exchange heat with the biomass raw material, so as to remove a part of water inside the biomass raw material; performing dedusting processing again on the flue gas that has undergone heat exchange, and directly using the dried biomass raw material as a fuel for a biomass boiler (1) or saving the same for future use. The apparatus is mainly formed of a flue gas circulation system and the belt conveyer (7), the flue gas circulation system being formed by a deduster (3), the drying chamber (8), a booster fan (10), an induced draft fan (6), and the like, and the belt conveyer (7) being disposed inside the drying chamber (8) and used for conveying a biomass raw material. The method can reduce the size of a biomass boiler system and significantly enhance the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler system.

Description

利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的方法及其装置 技术领域  Method and device for drying biomass raw material by using biomass boiler flue gas
本发明涉及锅炉余热利用和节能减排技术, 具体地指一种利用生物质锅炉 烟气干燥生物质原料的方法及其装置。 背景技术  The invention relates to boiler waste heat utilization and energy saving and emission reduction technology, and specifically relates to a method and a device for drying biomass raw materials by using biomass boiler flue gas. Background technique
随着传统化石能源煤、 石油、 天然气等储量的日益减少, 以及由于使用化 石能源带来的环境污染问题直接威胁着人类的生存和发展, 重视和发展可再生 的环保型能源已成为各国政府的共同目标。 生物质是植物通过光合作用生成的 有机物质, 其分布广泛、 可利用量大、 较化石能源清洁, 具有二氧化碳零排放 的特点, 是一种重要的可再生能源。 生物质原料一般含有大量水分, 在作为燃 料进入锅炉前若不经过干燥处理, 则单位质量生物质原料的发热量偏低, 导致 生物质锅炉的总效率下降, 也会增大生物质锅炉进料管路和炉膛的尺寸, 导致 锅炉造价成本增高。 因此, 生物质原料在进入生物质锅炉前一般需要作预干燥 处理。  With the declining reserves of traditional fossil energy coal, oil and natural gas, and the environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil energy directly threatening the survival and development of human beings, the importance and development of renewable environmentally friendly energy has become the government of all countries. Common goal. Biomass is an organic substance produced by plants through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed, widely available, cleaned with fossil energy, and has zero carbon dioxide emissions. It is an important renewable energy source. Biomass feedstock generally contains a large amount of water. If it is not subjected to drying treatment before entering the boiler as a fuel, the calorific value per unit mass of biomass feedstock is low, resulting in a decrease in the overall efficiency of the biomass boiler and an increase in the biomass boiler feed pipe. The size of the road and the furnace leads to an increase in the cost of the boiler. Therefore, biomass feedstocks typically require pre-drying prior to entering the biomass boiler.
传统的生物质原料干燥方法需要引入外部高温干燥介质, 其工艺繁琐、 设 备复杂、能量消耗大、投资成本高。为了解决上述问题,公开号为 CN101693248A 的中国发明专利申请公开说明书提出了一种使用高温烟气对生物质原料进行 干燥的方法, 其使含水生物质原料经高温烟气干燥后, 再经过加热加压处理, 制成流体化浆体。 但这种方法需要引入外部高温干燥介质, 能量消耗极大, 目 前已不能适应国民经济发展中越来越高的节能减排要求。 公告号为 CN202032602U的中国实用新型专利说明书公布了一种烟气预干燥发电的集成 系统, 其利用烟气预热对锅炉褐煤原料进行干燥, 但干燥使用的滚筒设备仍需 要额外消耗大量电能, 从而增大了系统的运行难度和运行成本。 发明内容  The traditional method of drying biomass feedstock requires the introduction of an external high-temperature drying medium, which is cumbersome in process, complicated in equipment, high in energy consumption, and high in investment cost. In order to solve the above problem, the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN101693248A proposes a method for drying biomass raw materials using high-temperature flue gas, which is dried by high-temperature flue gas and then heated. Pressurized to form a fluidized slurry. However, this method requires the introduction of an external high-temperature drying medium, which has a great energy consumption and is currently unable to meet the increasingly high energy-saving and emission-reduction requirements of the national economy. The Chinese utility model patent specification with the announcement number CN202032602U discloses an integrated system for pre-drying power generation of flue gas, which uses the preheating of flue gas to dry the lignite raw material of the boiler, but the drum device used for drying still needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, thereby Increased system operation difficulty and operating costs. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的就是要克服现有生物质原料干燥技术中存在设备结构复杂、 能耗居高不下的缺陷, 提供一种利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的方法及 其装置。 其结构简单、 工艺经济、 干燥效果好, 可有效縮小生物质锅炉系统的 尺寸、 大幅提高生物质锅炉系统的热效率。 The object of the present invention is to overcome the existing structure of the existing biomass raw material drying technology, A drawback of high energy consumption, providing a method and apparatus for drying biomass feedstock using biomass boiler flue gas. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, economical process and good drying effect, and can effectively reduce the size of the biomass boiler system and greatly improve the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler system.
为实现上述目的, 本发明所设计的利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的 方法, 包括以下步骤:  In order to achieve the above object, the method for drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas designed by the present invention comprises the following steps:
1 ) 将待燃烧的生物质原料导入干燥室内设置的履带传送机的工作面上, 进行不间断的动态传输;  1) introducing the biomass raw material to be burned into the working surface of the crawler conveyor provided in the drying chamber for uninterrupted dynamic transmission;
2 ) 将生物质锅炉燃烧排放的高温烟气导入除尘器中, 去除其中绝大部分 的粉尘杂质, 获得较为洁净的烟气;  2) Introduce the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the biomass boiler into the dust collector to remove most of the dust impurities and obtain a relatively clean flue gas;
3 ) 取所得较为洁净的烟气中的一部分输送到干燥室内, 使其自下而上穿 越履带传送机的工作面空隙, 与动态传输的生物质原料进行接触换热, 从而脱 除生物质原料中的部分水份;  3) A part of the relatively clean flue gas is sent to the drying chamber to pass through the gap of the working surface of the crawler conveyor from bottom to top, and exchange heat with the dynamically transported biomass material to remove the biomass material. Part of the water;
4 ) 将经过换热利用的烟气导出干燥室, 并重新输送至除尘器中继续处理; 4) Exporting the flue gas used for heat exchange to the drying chamber, and re-delivering it to the dust collector for further processing;
5 ) 将经过脱水干燥的生物质原料导出干燥室, 直接作为生物质锅炉的燃 料或存储备用。 5) Export the dehydrated and dried biomass material to the drying chamber and use it directly as a fuel or storage for the biomass boiler.
作为优选方案, 上述步骤 3 ) 中, 烟气先集中输送到设置在履带传送机的 工作面下方的热风气室中, 再从热风气室顶部逸出, 穿越履带传送机的工作面 空隙, 与动态传输的生物质原料进行接触换热。 这样, 可以缓冲进入干燥室的 烟气, 使其均匀分配给动态传输的生物质原料进行干燥。  Preferably, in the above step 3), the flue gas is first concentratedly transported to the hot air chamber disposed under the working surface of the crawler conveyor, and then escapes from the top of the hot air chamber, crossing the gap of the working surface of the crawler conveyor, and The dynamically transported biomass feedstock undergoes contact heat exchange. In this way, the flue gas entering the drying chamber can be buffered and evenly distributed to the dynamically transported biomass feedstock for drying.
进一步地, 上述烟气在干燥室入口处的温度控制在 110~ 150 °C, 优选控制 在 120~ 130 °C ; 上述烟气在干燥室出口处的温度控制在 45~55 °C, 优选控制在 48~50 °C。 这样, 进入干燥室的烟气温度低于生物质原料中有效挥发组份的最 低析出温度, 可确保生物质原料在干燥过程中无有效组份损失; 而从干燥室输 出的烟气温度仅高于常温几十摄氏度, 可确保生物质原料充分利用烟气余热。  Further, the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the drying chamber is controlled at 110~150 °C, preferably controlled at 120~130 °C; the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the drying chamber is controlled at 45~55 °C, preferably controlled At 48~50 °C. In this way, the temperature of the flue gas entering the drying chamber is lower than the lowest precipitation temperature of the effective volatile component in the biomass material, which ensures that the biomass material has no effective component loss during the drying process; and the flue gas temperature output from the drying chamber is only high. At tens of degrees Celsius at room temperature, it ensures that the biomass raw materials make full use of the residual heat of the flue gas.
更进一步地, 上述生物质原料在履带传送机上的传输速度为 0.2~0.8m/s, 停留时间为 300~480s ; 上述烟气在干燥室内的平均流速为 8~ 15m/s。 这样, 通 过对动态传输的生物质原料和烟气流接触参数的合理控制, 可以确保两者的热 交换始终维持稳定, 从而满足工业上连续不间断生产的需要。 为实现上述方法而专门设计的利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的装 置, 包括除尘器和干燥室, 其特殊之处在于: 所述干燥室内腔设置有履带传送 机, 所述干燥室顶部分别设置有生物质进料口和烟气出口管, 所述干燥室底部 分别设置有生物质出料口和烟气进口管; 所述生物质进料口位于履带传送机输 入端上方, 所述生物质出料口位于履带传送机输出端下方, 所述烟气出口管通 过增压风机与除尘器的输入端相连, 所述烟气进口管通过引风机与除尘器的输 出端相连。 Further, the transfer rate of the biomass material on the crawler conveyor is 0.2 to 0.8 m/s, and the residence time is 300 to 480 s; the average flow rate of the flue gas in the drying chamber is 8 to 15 m/s. In this way, by properly controlling the contact parameters of the dynamically transported biomass feedstock and the flue gas stream, it is ensured that the heat exchange between the two is always stable, thereby meeting the needs of continuous uninterrupted production in the industry. A device specially designed for realizing the above method for drying biomass raw materials by using biomass boiler flue gas, comprising a dust remover and a drying chamber, wherein the drying chamber is provided with a crawler conveyor, the top of the drying chamber a biomass feed port and a flue gas outlet pipe are respectively disposed, wherein the bottom of the drying chamber is respectively provided with a biomass discharge port and a flue gas inlet pipe; the biomass feed port is located above the input end of the crawler conveyor, The biomass outlet is located below the output of the crawler conveyor, and the flue gas outlet pipe is connected to the input end of the precipitator through a booster fan, and the flue gas inlet pipe is connected to the output end of the precipitator through an induced draft fan.
作为优选方案, 所述履带传送机的工作面下方并列设置有多个独立的热风 气室, 所述热风气室底部设置有进气支管, 所述进气支管与烟气进口管相连, 所述热风气室顶部均布有烟气扩散孔。 这样, 可以缓冲进入干燥室的烟气, 使 其均匀穿越履带传送机的工作面, 从而对动态传输的生物质原料进行均匀干 燥。  Preferably, a plurality of independent hot air chambers are arranged in parallel below the working surface of the crawler conveyor, and an air inlet branch is disposed at the bottom of the hot air chamber, and the air inlet branch is connected to the flue gas inlet tube, The top of the hot air chamber is uniformly provided with a smoke diffusion hole. In this way, the flue gas entering the drying chamber can be buffered evenly across the working surface of the crawler conveyor to evenly dry the dynamically transported biomass feedstock.
进一步地, 所述进气支管上设置有调节阀。 这样, 可以方便地调节每个进 气支管的烟气流量, 保证进入每个热风气室的烟气分配均匀。  Further, a regulating valve is disposed on the intake branch pipe. In this way, the flue gas flow rate of each intake manifold can be conveniently adjusted to ensure uniform distribution of flue gas into each hot air chamber.
更进一步地, 所述热风气室中设置有热风均布装置。 这样, 可以调节每个 热风气室内部的烟气流动方向, 从而将烟气流场调配到最佳状态。  Further, a hot air uniform device is disposed in the hot air chamber. In this way, the flow direction of the flue gas inside each hot air chamber can be adjusted to match the flue gas flow field to an optimum state.
本发明的优点在于: 所设计的干燥方法直接利用生物质锅炉排放的高温烟 气作为热源, 对生物质原料进行脱水干燥, 可以将生物质原料的总质量减轻 The invention has the advantages that: the designed drying method directly uses the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the biomass boiler as a heat source, and dehydrates and dries the biomass raw material, thereby reducing the total mass of the biomass raw material.
15%以上, 即可脱除生物质原料中约一半的水分, 从而使单位质量生物质原料 的发热量大幅增加。 这样, 既可以大幅提高生物质锅炉系统的热效率, 具有可 观的经济效益; 又可以相应縮小生物质锅炉系统进料管路的尺寸。 而且, 干燥 的生物质原料燃烧所产生的烟气流量相对较低, 还可以縮小整个生物质锅炉系 统的尺寸, 有效降低锅炉的造价。 同时, 生物质原料干燥后, 其在燃烧过程中 产生的烟气的湿度和流量也都明显下降, 因此排出锅炉的烟气在通过除尘器进 行除尘时,除尘器处理的烟气的湿度和流量也相应下降,有利于提高除尘效率。 More than 15% can remove about half of the water in the biomass material, so that the calorific value per unit mass of biomass material is greatly increased. In this way, the thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler system can be greatly improved, with considerable economic benefits; and the size of the feed line of the biomass boiler system can be reduced accordingly. Moreover, the flow of flue gas generated by the combustion of the dried biomass feedstock is relatively low, and the size of the entire biomass boiler system can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the cost of the boiler. At the same time, after the biomass material is dried, the humidity and flow rate of the flue gas generated during the combustion process are also significantly reduced. Therefore, when the flue gas discharged from the boiler is dedusted by the dust collector, the humidity and flow rate of the flue gas treated by the precipitator It also decreases correspondingly, which is conducive to improving dust removal efficiency.
另外, 本发明所设计的装置结构简单、 投资小、 干燥风量方便调节且分配 均匀, 可以很好地满足生物质原料干燥的要求。 虽然其在增加部分管道和风机 以克服系统阻力上的能耗有所增加, 但与其斩获的低锅炉造价和高热效率相 比, 增加的能耗比率极低, 整个系统节能减排效益明显。 附图说明 In addition, the device designed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small investment, convenient adjustment of dry air volume and uniform distribution, and can well meet the requirements of drying of biomass raw materials. Although it has increased the energy consumption of adding some pipes and fans to overcome the system resistance, it has a low boiler cost and high thermal efficiency. Compared with the increased energy consumption ratio, the energy saving and emission reduction benefits of the whole system are obvious. DRAWINGS
图 1为一种利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的装置的结构示意图。 图 2为图 1中干燥室部分的放大结构示意图。  1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for drying biomass feedstock using biomass boiler flue gas. Figure 2 is a schematic enlarged view of the portion of the drying chamber of Figure 1.
图 3为图 2的 A-A剖面放大结构示意图。  Fig. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of the A-A section of Fig. 2;
图中: 生物质锅炉 1、 生物质进料口 2、 除尘器 3、 生物质出料口 4、 烟囱 5、 引风机 6、 履带传送机 7、 干燥室 8、 料仓 9、 增压风机 10、 烟气进口管 11、 进气支管 12、 调节阀 13、 热风均布装置 14、 热风气室 15、 烟气扩散孔 16、 烟 气出口管 17。  In the figure: Biomass boiler 1, biomass feed port 2, dust collector 3, biomass outlet 4, chimney 5, induced draft fan 6, crawler conveyor 7, drying chamber 8, silo 9, booster fan 10 The flue gas inlet pipe 11, the intake manifold 12, the regulating valve 13, the hot air distributing device 14, the hot air chamber 15, the flue gas diffusing hole 16, and the flue gas outlet pipe 17.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。  The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
图中所示利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的装置, 包括设置在生物质 锅炉 1与烟囱 5之间的除尘器 3和干燥室 8。 除尘器 3的输入端与生物质锅炉 1的烟气出口相连, 除尘器 3的输出端与烟囱 5相连。 干燥室 8 内设置有履带 传送机 7, 干燥室 8顶部分别设置有生物质进料口 2和烟气出口管 17, 干燥室 8底部分别设置有生物质出料口 4和烟气进口管 11。 生物质进料口 2位于履带 传送机 7输入端上方, 并与料仓 9相连。 生物质出料口 4位于履带传送机 7输 出端下方, 从生物质出料口 4出来的干燥生物质原料可以通过转运设备输送到 生物质锅炉 1 的燃料入口。烟气出口管 17通过增压风机 10与除尘器 3的输入 端相连, 烟气进口管 11通过引风机 6与除尘器 3的输出端相连。  The apparatus for drying biomass feedstock using biomass boiler flue gas, including a precipitator 3 and a drying chamber 8 disposed between the biomass boiler 1 and the chimney 5, is shown. The input of the precipitator 3 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 1, and the output of the precipitator 3 is connected to the chimney 5. A crawler conveyor 7 is disposed in the drying chamber 8. The top of the drying chamber 8 is respectively provided with a biomass feeding port 2 and a flue gas outlet pipe 17, and the bottom of the drying chamber 8 is respectively provided with a biomass discharging port 4 and a flue gas inlet pipe 11 respectively. . The biomass feed port 2 is located above the input of the track conveyor 7 and is connected to the silo 9. The biomass discharge port 4 is located below the output of the track conveyor 7 and the dry biomass feedstock from the biomass discharge port 4 can be transported to the fuel inlet of the biomass boiler 1 via a transfer device. The flue gas outlet pipe 17 is connected to the input end of the precipitator 3 via a booster fan 10, and the flue gas inlet pipe 11 is connected to the output end of the precipitator 3 via an induced draft fan 6.
在履带传送机 7的工作面下方并列设有多个独立的热风气室 15,各热风气 室 15底部设置有进气支管 12, 各进气支管 12同时与烟气进口管 11相连, 且 各进气支管 12上设有调节阀 13。 各热风气室 15中位于进气支管 12出口上方 还设有热风均布装置 14。 本实施例中, 热风均布装置 14为水平固定的挡板, 其四周与热风气室 15之间留有间隙, 用于分散进入热风气室 15的烟气。 各热 风气室 15顶部均布有烟气扩散孔 16,烟气可以通过烟气扩散孔 16均匀穿越履 带传送机 7的工作面。 A plurality of independent hot air chambers 15 are arranged in parallel below the working surface of the crawler conveyor 7. The bottom portions of the hot air chambers 15 are provided with intake manifolds 12, and each of the intake manifolds 12 is simultaneously connected to the flue gas inlet pipe 11 and each An adjustment valve 13 is provided on the intake manifold 12. A hot air distribution device 14 is also disposed in each of the hot air chambers 15 above the outlet of the intake manifold 12. In the present embodiment, the hot air distribution device 14 is a horizontally fixed baffle, and a gap is left between the periphery and the hot air chamber 15 for dispersing the flue gas entering the hot air chamber 15. The top of each hot air chamber 15 is uniformly provided with a flue gas diffusion hole 16, and the flue gas can uniformly pass through the flue gas diffusion hole 16 The working surface with the conveyor 7.
以含水量占总质量 30%左右的新鲜生物质原料为例, 上述装置是这样利用 生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的:  Taking fresh biomass feedstock with a water content of about 30% of the total mass as an example, the above device uses the biomass boiler flue gas to dry the biomass raw material:
储存在料仓 9中的待燃烧生物质原料通过生物质进料口 2进入干燥室 8内 的履带传送机 7的工作面上, 进行不间断的动态传输, 最后从生物质出料口 4 输出。 生物质原料在履带传送机 7上的传输速度优选为 0.2~0.8m/s、 最佳范围 在 0.4~0.6m/s, 停留时间优选为 300~480s、 最佳范围在 400~450s ; 烟气在干燥 室 8 内的平均流速优选为 8~ 15m/s、 最佳范围在 10~ 12m/s。  The biomass raw material to be burned stored in the silo 9 enters the working surface of the crawler conveyor 7 in the drying chamber 8 through the biomass feed port 2, and performs uninterrupted dynamic transmission, and finally outputs from the biomass discharge port 4. . The transport speed of the biomass material on the crawler conveyor 7 is preferably 0.2 to 0.8 m/s, the optimum range is 0.4 to 0.6 m/s, the residence time is preferably 300 to 480 s, and the optimum range is 400 to 450 s; The average flow rate in the drying chamber 8 is preferably 8 to 15 m/s, and the optimum range is 10 to 12 m/s.
与此同时, 生物质锅炉 1燃烧排放的高温烟气进入除尘器 3中, 去除其中 绝大部分的粉尘杂质, 获得较为洁净的烟气。 所得较为洁净的烟气中, 一部分 通过烟肉 5排入大气, 另一部分通过引风机 6加压, 经烟气进口管 11、 进气支 管 12进入干燥室 8 内的各热风气室 15。各热风气室 15中的烟气通过热风均布 装置 14均流后, 再经热风气室 15顶部的烟气扩散孔 16逸出, 使烟气自下而 上穿越履带传送机 7的工作面空隙, 与其上动态传输的生物质原料进行接触换 热, 从而脱除生物质原料中的部分水份。  At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas emitted by the biomass boiler 1 enters the precipitator 3, and most of the dust impurities are removed to obtain a relatively clean flue gas. A part of the relatively clean flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the bacon 5, and the other portion is pressurized by the draft fan 6, and enters the hot air chamber 15 in the drying chamber 8 through the flue gas inlet pipe 11 and the intake branch pipe 12. The flue gas in each hot air chamber 15 is uniformly flowed by the hot air distributing device 14, and then escapes through the flue gas diffusion hole 16 at the top of the hot air chamber 15, so that the flue gas passes through the working surface of the crawler conveyor 7 from bottom to top. The voids exchange heat with the dynamically transported biomass feedstock to remove some of the moisture from the biomass feedstock.
控制上述烟气在干燥室 8入口处的温度为 110~ 150 °C、 在干燥室 8出口处 的温度为 45~55 °C, 可以充分利用烟气的余热和温差, 获得良好的干燥效果。 本实施例中, 烟气在干燥室 8入口处的温度为 120~ 130 °C, 烟气在干燥室 8出 口处的温度为 48~50 °C。  The temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the drying chamber 8 is controlled to be 110 to 150 ° C, and the temperature at the outlet of the drying chamber 8 is 45 to 55 ° C. The residual heat and temperature difference of the flue gas can be fully utilized to obtain a good drying effect. In this embodiment, the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the drying chamber 8 is 120 to 130 ° C, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the drying chamber 8 is 48 to 50 °C.
最后, 经过换热利用的烟气通过烟气出口管 17导出干燥室 8, 并重新输送 至除尘器 3中继续进行除尘处理; 同时, 经过脱水干燥的生物质原料通过生物 质出料口 4导出干燥室 8, 直接作为生物质锅炉 1 的燃料或存储备用。  Finally, the flue gas used for heat exchange is led out of the drying chamber 8 through the flue gas outlet pipe 17, and is re-delivered to the dust collector 3 to continue the dust removal process; meanwhile, the dehydrated and dried biomass material is exported through the biomass discharge port 4. The drying chamber 8 is used directly as a fuel or storage reserve for the biomass boiler 1.
经试验表明: 当干燥室 8的烟气入口温度在 130 °C左右、 烟气出口温度在 50 °C左右、 烟气平均流速在 12m/s左右时, 通过干燥室 8的生物质原料约可脱 去占总质量 15%左右的水分。 由于烟气温度低于生物质原料中挥发分的最低析 出温度, 因此不存在挥发分析出的问题。  The test shows that: when the flue gas inlet temperature of the drying chamber 8 is about 130 °C, the flue gas outlet temperature is about 50 °C, and the average flue gas flow rate is about 12 m/s, the biomass raw material passing through the drying chamber 8 can be Remove about 15% of the total mass of water. Since the flue gas temperature is lower than the lowest precipitation temperature of the volatiles in the biomass feedstock, there is no problem with the volatilization analysis.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 claims
1、 一种利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的方法, 包括以下步骤:1. A method of drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas, including the following steps:
1) 将待燃烧的生物质原料导入干燥室 (8) 内设置的履带传送机 (7) 的 工作面上, 进行不间断的动态传输; 1) Introduce the biomass raw materials to be burned into the working surface of the crawler conveyor (7) installed in the drying chamber (8) for uninterrupted dynamic transmission;
2) 将生物质锅炉 (1) 燃烧排放的高温烟气导入除尘器 (3) 中, 去除其 中绝大部分的粉尘杂质, 获得较为洁净的烟气; 2) Introduce the high-temperature flue gas emitted by the combustion of the biomass boiler (1) into the dust collector (3) to remove most of the dust impurities and obtain relatively clean flue gas;
3) 取所得较为洁净的烟气中的一部分输送到干燥室 (8) 内, 使其自下而 上穿越履带传送机 (7) 的工作面空隙, 与动态传输的生物质原料进行接触换 热, 从而脱除生物质原料中的部分水份; 3) Take a part of the relatively clean flue gas and transport it to the drying chamber (8), so that it passes through the working surface gap of the crawler conveyor (7) from bottom to top, and contacts and exchanges heat with the dynamically transported biomass raw materials. , thereby removing part of the water in the biomass raw materials;
4) 将经过换热利用的烟气导出干燥室 (8), 并重新输送至除尘器 (3) 中 继续处理; 4) Export the heat-exchanged flue gas out of the drying chamber (8), and re-transmit it to the dust collector (3) for continued processing;
5) 将经过脱水干燥的生物质原料导出干燥室 (8), 直接作为生物质锅炉 (1) 的燃料或存储备用。 5) Export the dehydrated and dried biomass raw materials out of the drying chamber (8), and directly use them as fuel for the biomass boiler (1) or store them for later use.
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的方法, 其 特征在于: 所述步骤 3) 中, 烟气先集中输送到设置在履带传送机 (7) 的工作 面下方的热风气室 (15) 中, 再从热风气室 (15) 顶部逸出, 穿越履带传送机2. The method of using biomass boiler flue gas to dry biomass raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3), the flue gas is first concentrated and transported to the bottom of the working surface provided on the crawler conveyor (7) in the hot air chamber (15), and then escape from the top of the hot air chamber (15) and pass through the crawler conveyor
(7) 的工作面空隙, 与动态传输的生物质原料进行接触换热。 (7) The working surface gap is in contact with the dynamically transported biomass raw materials for heat exchange.
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的方法, 其特征在于: 所述烟气在干燥室 (8) 入口处的温度为 110~150°C, 所述烟气在 干燥室 (8) 出口处的温度为 45~55°C。 3. The method of using biomass boiler flue gas to dry biomass raw materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the flue gas at the entrance of the drying chamber (8) is 110~150°C, The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the drying chamber (8) is 45~55°C.
4、根据权利要求 1或 2所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的方法, 其特征在于: 所述烟气在干燥室 (8) 入口处的温度为 120~130°C, 所述烟气在 干燥室 (8) 出口处的温度为 48~50°C。 4. The method of using biomass boiler flue gas to dry biomass raw materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the flue gas at the entrance of the drying chamber (8) is 120~130°C, The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the drying chamber (8) is 48~50°C.
5、根据权利要求 1或 2所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的方法, 其特征在于: 所述生物质原料在履带传送机 (7) 上的传输速度为 0.2~0.8m/s, 停留时间为 300~480s; 所述烟气在干燥室 (8) 内的平均流速为 8~15m/s。 5. The method of drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the transmission speed of the biomass raw materials on the crawler conveyor (7) is 0.2~0.8m/s , the residence time is 300~480s; the average flow velocity of the flue gas in the drying chamber (8) is 8~15m/s.
6、 一种为实现权利要求 1 所述方法而设计的利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生 物质原料的装置, 包括除尘器 (3) 和干燥室 (8), 其特征在于: 所述干燥室6. A device for drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas designed to implement the method of claim 1, including a dust collector (3) and a drying chamber (8), characterized in that: the drying chamber
(8) 内腔设置有履带传送机 (7), 所述干燥室 (8) 顶部分别设置有生物质进 料口 (2) 和烟气出口管 (17), 所述干燥室 (8) 底部分别设置有生物质出料 口 (19) 和烟气进口管 (11); 所述生物质进料口 (2) 位于履带传送机 (7) 输入端上方, 所述生物质出料口 (4) 位于履带传送机 (7) 输出端下方, 所述 烟气出口管 (17) 通过增压风机 (10) 与除尘器 (3) 的输入端相连, 所述烟 气进口管 (11) 通过引风机 (6) 与除尘器 (3) 的输出端相连。 (8) The inner cavity is provided with a crawler conveyor (7). The top of the drying chamber (8) is provided with a biomass feed port (2) and a flue gas outlet pipe (17). The bottom of the drying chamber (8) A biomass outlet (19) and a flue gas inlet pipe (11) are respectively provided; the biomass inlet (2) is located above the input end of the crawler conveyor (7), and the biomass outlet (4) ) is located below the output end of the crawler conveyor (7), the flue gas outlet pipe (17) is connected to the input end of the dust collector (3) through the booster fan (10), and the flue gas inlet pipe (11) passes through the guide The fan (6) is connected to the output end of the dust collector (3).
7、 根据权利要求 6所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的装置, 其 特征在于: 所述履带传送机 (7) 的工作面下方并列设置有多个独立的热风气 室 (15), 所述热风气室 (15)底部设置有进气支管 (12), 所述进气支管 (12) 与烟气进口管 (Π) 相连, 所述热风气室 (15) 顶部均布有烟气扩散孔 (16)。 7. The device for drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: a plurality of independent hot air chambers (15) are arranged side by side below the working surface of the crawler conveyor (7). , the hot air chamber (15) is provided with an air inlet branch pipe (12) at the bottom, the air inlet branch pipe (12) is connected to the smoke inlet pipe (Π), and the top of the hot air air chamber (15) is evenly distributed with smoke Gas diffusion hole (16).
8、 根据权利要求 7 所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的装置, 其 特征在于: 所述进气支管 (12) 上设置有调节阀 (13)。 8. The device for drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas according to claim 7, characterized in that: the air inlet branch pipe (12) is provided with a regulating valve (13).
9、根据权利要求 7或 8所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的装置, 其特征在于: 所述热风气室 (15) 中设置有热风均布装置 (14)。 9. The device for drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: a hot air uniform distribution device (14) is provided in the hot air chamber (15).
10、 根据权利要求 9所述利用生物质锅炉烟气干燥生物质原料的装置, 其 特征在于: 所述热风均布装置 (14) 是位于进气支管 (12) 出口上方的水平挡 10. The device for drying biomass raw materials using biomass boiler flue gas according to claim 9, characterized in that: the hot air uniform distribution device (14) is a horizontal barrier located above the outlet of the air inlet branch pipe (12)
PCT/CN2013/085685 2012-11-07 2013-10-22 Method and apparatus for drying biomass raw material using biomass boiler flue gas WO2014071800A1 (en)

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